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Waran Erik (syn. of Noire de Montreuil), 504
Ward October Red, 561
Warner, 561
Warner’s Late or Late Red (syns. of Warner), 561
Warren, 561
Warren (syn. of Newman), 292
Washington, 368
Washington; Washington Bolmar, Gage, Jaune, Mammot, or
Yellow (syns. of Washington), 368
Washington or Washington Purple (syns. of Brevoort Purple),
408
Washington Seedling (syn. of Ives), 470
Wasse-Botankio (syn. of Lutts), 487
Wasse Botankyo (syn. of Sagetsuna), 536
Wasse Sumomo (syn. of Earliest of All), 198
Wassu (syn. of Burbank), 170
Wastesa, 561
Waterloo Pflaume, 561
Waterloo (syn. of Golden Drop, 229; of Kent, 476; of Reine
Claude, 327)
Waterloo of Kent (syn. of Kent), 476
Watson, 562
Watson, D. H., var. orig. by, 463, 505, 518, 525, 562, 569
Watts, 562
Watts, Dr. D. S., var. orig. by, 562
Waugh, 562
Waugh, Frank A., life of, 85-86;
 quoted, 65, 66, 86, 87, 99, 141, 393
Wax, 562
Wax Plum (syn. of Wax), 562
Wayland, 370
Wayland, Dr., var. orig. by, 288
Wayland, Prof. H. B., var. orig. by, 371
Wazata, 562
Weaver, 372
Weaver, var. orig. by, 372, 476
Webster, J. B., var. orig. by, 416
Webster Gage; Webster’s Gage (syns. of Webster Gage), 562
Webster Gage, 562
Weedsport German Prune, 220
Weeping Blood, 562
Weichharige Schlehen Damascene (syn. of Saint Julien), 335
Weinsauerliche Pflaume or Zwetsche (syns. of Winesour), 566
Weisse Aprikosen Pflaume (syn. of Apricot), 148
Weisse Diaprée (syn. of White Perdrigon), 375
Weisse Hollandische Pflaume; Weisse Kaiserin or Magnum
Bonum; Weisser Kaiser (syns. of Yellow Egg), 386
Weisse Indische Pflaume (syn. of Grüne Dattel Zwetsche), 456
Weisse Jungfernpflaume (syn. of White Virginal), 565
Weisse Kaiserpflaume (syn. of White Imperatrice), 375
Weisse Kaiser Pflaume (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386
Weisse Kaiserin, 563
Weisse Kaiserin (syn. of Weisse Kaiserin), 563
Weisse Königin (syn. of White Queen), 564
Weisser Perdrigon; Weisses Rebhuhnerei (syn. of White
Perdrigon), 375
Weisse Zeiberl (syn. of Weisses oder Grünes Zeiberl), 562
Weisses oder Grünes Zeiberl, 562
Weisse Violen Pflaume (syn. of Jaspisartige Pflaume), 471
Welch, 562
Welcome, 562
Wentworth; Wentworth Plumb (syns. of Yellow Egg), 386
Werder’sche Frühzwetsche, 563
Wetherell, 563
Wetherill’s Sweet, 563
Wetschen (syn. of German Prune), 220
Whatisit, 563
Wheat, 563
Wheaten; Wheaton; Wheat Plum (syns. of Wheat), 563
Whitacre (syn. of Whitaker), 563
Whitaker, 563
Whitby, 563
White Apricot or Apricot Plum (syns. of Apricot), 148
White Bonum Magnum (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386
White Blossomed Sloe (syn. of Sloe), 544
White Bullace, 373
White Bulleis (syn. of White Bullace), 373
White Corn, 564
White Damascene or Damson; White Damask (syns. of White
Damson), 374
White Damask (syn. of Large White Damson, 480; of Small
White Damson, 545)
White Damson, 374
White Date or Date Plum (syn. of Date), 428
White Diaper, 564
White Diapred (syn. of Diaprée Blanche), 432
White Egg or Egg Plum, Holland, Imperial or Imperial Bonum
Magnum, Magnum Bonum, Mogul (syns. of Yellow Egg),
386
White Empress (syn. of White Imperatrice), 375
White-fleshed Botan (syn. of Berckmans), 159
White Gage (syn. of Small Reine Claude), 347
White Gage (syn. of Yellow Gage), 388
White Gage (syn. of Imperial Gage), 251
White Gage of Boston (syn. of Imperial Gage), 251
White Honey Damson, 564
White Imperatrice, 375
White Imperatrice (syn. of White Imperatrice), 375
White Indian (syn. of Green Indian), 455
White Kelsey (syn. of Georgeson), 218
White Matchless (syn. of Matchless), 492
White Mirabelle or Mirable (syns. of Mirabelle), 284
White Mirobalane (syn. of Myrobalan), 290
White Muscle, 564
White Mussell (syn. of White Muscle), 564
White Mussell (syn. of Muscle), 501
White Nicholas (syn. of Nicholas), 295
White Otschakoff, 564
White Pear, 564
White Peascod, 564
White Perdrigon, 375
White Perdrigon (syn. of White Perdrigon), 375
White Pescod (syn. of White Peascod), 564
White Prune, 564
White Prune Damson (syn. of White Damson), 374
White Prunella (syn. of Sloe), 544
White Queen, 564
White Sweet Damson, 564
White Virginal, 565
White Virginale (syn. of Red Virginal, 529; of White Virginal,
565)
White Wheat, 565
White Wheate (syn. of White Wheat), 565
White Winter Damson (syn. of White Damson), 374
Whitley, 565
Whitlow; Whitton (syns. of Wheat), 563
Whyte, 565
Whyte, R. B., var. orig. by, 565
Whyte’s Red Seedling (syn. of Whyte), 565
Wickson, 376
Wickson, E. J., quoted, 75, 76, 548
Wickson Challenge (syn. of Formosa), 447
Wiener Mirabelle (syn. of Mirabelle), 284
Wier, 565
Wier, D. B., var. orig. by, 466, 468, 469, 565
Wier Large Red (syn. of Wier), 565
Wier No. 50, 565
Wier’s No. 50 (syn. of Wier No. 50), 565
Wier’s Large Red (syn. of Wier), 565
Wiezerka (syn. of Wyzerka), 568
Wilder, 565
Wilde, 565
Wild Goose, 378
Wild Goose Improved, 566
Wildrose, 566
Wilkinson, 566
Willamette (syn. of Pacific), 305
Willamette, 566
Willamette Prune (syn. of Pacific), 305
Willard, 379
Willard, Samuel D., life of, 149;
quoted, 208;
var. orig. by, 214
Willard Japan; Willard Plum (syns. of Willard), 379
William Dodd (syn. of Miner), 281
Williams, 566
Williams, Theodore, var. orig. by, 392, 397, 402, 407, 409, 412,
413, 436, 441, 442, 444, 447, 448, 454, 475, 478, 481, 482,
483, 498, 499, 509, 513, 514, 520, 527, 529, 548, 557, 558,
559, 563, 568, 569
Williamson, H. M., quoted, 305
Wilmeth Late, 566
Wilmot’s Early Orleans, Large Orleans, Late Orleans, New Early
Orleans or Orleans (syns. of Early Orleans), 199
Wilmot’s Green Gage, Late Green Gage or New Green Gage
(syns. of Reine Claude), 327
Wilmot’s Late Orleans (syn. of Goliath), 231
Wilmot’s Russian (syn. of Red Date), 322
Wilson, 566
Wine Plum, 566
Winesour (syn. of Winesour), 566
Winesour, 566
Winesour Plum (syn. of Winesour), 566
Winnebago, 566
Winslow, Edward, quoted, 93
Winsor, E. W., var. orig. by, 393, 402
Winter Creke, 567
Winter Damson, 567
Winter Damson (syn. of Winter Damson), 567
Wiseman, 567
Wiseman’s Prune (syn. of Wiseman), 567
W. J. Bryan (syn. of Bryan), 410
Wohanka, 567
Wolf, 380
Wolf, D. B., var. orig. by, 380
Wolf and Japan, 567
Wolf Cling (syn. of Wolf Clingstone), 567
Wolf Clingstone, 567
Wolf Free or Freestone (syns. of Wolf), 380
Wonder (syn. of Osage), 510
Wood, 381
Wood, Joseph, var. orig. by, 382
Woolston, 567
Woolston Black; Woolston Black Gage; Woolston’s Black Gage;
Woolston’s Violette Reine-Claude (syns. of Woolston), 567
Woolston Gage (syn. of Woolston), 567
Wooster, 567
Wooten, 568
Wootton (syn. of Wooten), 568
World Beater, 383
Worth, 568
Worth (syn. of Royal Tours), 332
Wragg, 568
Wragg, John, var. orig. by, 477
Wragg Freestone, 568
Wunder von New York, 568
Wyandotte, 568
Wyant, 384
Wyant, J. B., var. orig. by, 384
Wyant and Japan, 568
Wyckoff, 568
Wyedale, 568
Wyzerka, 568
Yates, 569
Yeddo (syn. of Georgeson), 218
Yellow Americana, 569
Yellow Apricot (syn. of Apricot), 148
Yellow Aubert (syn. of Aubert), 397
Yellow Bonum Magnum (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386
Yellow Damask (syn. of Drap d’Or), 195
Yellow Damson (syn. of White Damson), 374
Yellow Date (syn. of Date), 428
Yellow Diaprée (syn. of Diaprée Blanche), 432
Yellow Egg, 385, 569
Yellow Egg (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386
Yellow Egg group, 32;
origin of, 32;
specific characters of, 32
Yellow Fleshed Botan (syn. of Abundance), 136
Yellow Gage, 388
Yellow Gage (syn. of Drap d’Or, 195; of Small Reine Claude,
347)
Yellow Impératrice, 569
Yellow Impératrice (syn. of Yellow Impératrice), 569
Yellow Imperial, 569
Yellow Jack, 569
Yellow Japan (syn. of Abundance, 136; of Chabot, 172)
Yellow Jerusalem, 569
Yellow Magnum Bonum, 570
Yellow Magnum Bonum (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386
Yellow Moldavka (syn. of Voronesh), 365
Yellow Nagate, 570
Yellow Nagate (syn. of Ogon), 298
Yellow Oregon, 570
Yellow Panhandle, 570
Yellow Perdrigon (syn. of Drap d’Or), 195
Yellow Plum, 59
Yellow Roman Bullace, 570
Yellow St. Catharine (syn. of Saint Catherine), 334
Yellow Sweet, 570
Yellow Transparent, 570
Yellow Voronesh (syn. of Voronesh), 365
Yellow Wildgoose, 570
Yellow Yosemite, 570
Yellow, 43 Fischer, 569
Yohe, 571
Yohes Eagle (syn. of Yohe), 571
Yonemomo; Yonesmomo (syns. of Satsuma), 337
Yorkshire Winesour (syn. Winesour), 566
York State Prune, 571
York State Prune (syn. of York State Prune), 571
Yosebe (syn. of Earliest of All), 198
Yosemite (syn. of Purple Yosemite, 521; of Yellow Yosemite,
570)
Yosemite Purple (syn. of Purple Yosemite), 521
Yosemite Yellow (syn. of Yellow Yosemite), 570
Yosete (syn. of Earliest of All), 198
Yosobe (syn. of Earliest of All), 198
Young, 571
Youngken Golden; Younken’s Golden Cherry; Yunkin Golden
(syns. of Golden Cherry), 228
Young’s Seedling (syn. of Young), 571
Young’s Superior Egg (syn. of Yellow Egg), 386
Yukon, 571
Yuteca, 571

Zahlbruckner Damascene, 571

Zahlbruckner’s Violette Damascene (syn. of Zahlbruckner
Damascene), 571
Zekanta, 571
Zipperle or Zipperlein (syns. of Damson), 186
Zuccherino (syn. of Damaschino Estivo), 426
Zucchetta Gialla, 571
Zucker Zwetsche (syn. of Red Date), 322
Zulu, 571
Zuzac, 571
Zweimal Blühende und Zweimal Tragende Bunte Pflaume (syn.
of Twice Bearing), 556
Zweimal Tragende (syn. of Twice Bearing), 556
Zwergpflaume, 571
Zwespe (syn. of German Prune), 220
Zwetsche, Zwetschen or Zwetschke (syns. of German Prune),
220
Zwetsche Frühe Von Buhlerthal (syn. of Quetsche Précoce de
Buhlerthal), 524
Zwetsche Leipziger (syn. of Merunka), 494
Zwetsche Professor Wittmack, 572
Zwetsche Ungarische (syn. of Ungarish), 361
Zwetsche von Dätlikon (syn. of Italian Prune), 253
Zwetsche Von der Worms, 572
Zwetsche Von Létricourt (syn. of Quetsche Dr. Létricourt), 524
 FOOTNOTES
[1] Bailey, L. H. Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:43. 1892.
[2] Heideman, C. W. H. Minn. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 187. 1895.
[3] Waugh, F. A. Vt. Sta. Bul. 53. 1896.
[4] Bechstein Forstbot. Ed. 5. 424. 1843.
[5] Schneider, C. K. Hand. Laub. 631. 1906.
[6] Bailey, L. H. Cyc. Am. Hort. 1447. 1901; Hudson Fl. Anglic.
212. 1778.
[7] Heer Pflanz. Pfahlb. 27, fig. 16.
[8] Bostock and Riley Nat. Hist. of Pliny. 3:294. 1892.
[9] Koch, K. Dend. 1:94, 96. 1869. Ledebour. Fl. Ross. 2:5.
1829. Boissier. Fl. Orient. 2:652.
[10] Koch, K. Deut. Obst. 146. 1876.
[11] Kalm, Peter Travels into North America 3:240. 1771.
[12] Watson’s Annals of Philadelphia 1:17. 1844.
[13] Mass. Hist. Soc. Collections, 1st Ser. 1:118.
[14] Josselyn, John, Gent. New England Rarities London. 1672.
[15] Samuel Deane, D.D. The New England Farmer or
Georgical Dictionary 265. 1797.
[16] Beverly, Robert History of Virginia 279. 1722. Reprint 1855.
[17] Lawson, John History of North Carolina 110. 1714.
[18] Ramsey’s History of South Carolina 2:128, 129, Ed. 1858.
[19] Forbes, James Grant Sketches of the Floridas 87, 91, 170.
1821.
[20] In 1763 Dr. Andrew Turnbull established a colony of fifteen
hundred Greeks and Minorcans at New Smyrna, Florida, for the
cultivation of sugar and indigo. But they cultivated other plants as
well, among the fruits grown there being the grape, peach, plum,
fig, pomegranate, olive and orange. Forbes, James Grant
Sketches of the Floridas 91. 1821.
[21] Bartram, William Travels Through North and South
Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida, etc. Dublin: 1793.
[22] Prince, William Treatise of Horticulture 24. 1828.
[23] Ibid. p. 28.
[24] Prince, William Treatise of Horticulture 23. 1828.
[25] The frontispiece of The Plums of New York, showing a
likeness of William Robert Prince, dedicates the book to this
distinguished American pomologist. It is appropriate that the
following biographical sketch of Mr. Prince, written for The Grapes
of New York, should be reprinted here. “William Robert Prince,
fourth proprietor of the Prince Nursery and Linnaean Botanic
Garden, Flushing, Long Island, was born in 1795 and died in
1869. Prince was without question the most capable horticulturist
of his time and an economic botanist of note. His love of
horticulture and botany was a heritage from at least three paternal
ancestors, all noted in these branches of science, and all of whom
he apparently surpassed in mental capacity, intellectual training
and energy. He was a prolific writer, being the author of three
horticultural works which will always take high rank among those
of Prince’s time. These were: A Treatise on the Vine, Pomological
Manual, in two volumes, and the Manual of Roses, beside which
he was a lifelong contributor to the horticultural press. All of
Prince’s writings are characterized by a clear, vigorous style and
by accuracy in statement. His works are almost wholly lacking the
ornate and pretentious furbelows of most of his contemporaries
though it must be confessed that he fell into the then common
fault of following European writers somewhat slavishly. During the
lifetime of William R. Prince, and that of his father, William Prince,
who died in 1842, the Prince Nursery at Flushing was the center
of the horticultural nursery interests of the country; it was the
clearing-house for foreign and American horticultural plants, for
new varieties and for information regarding plants of all kinds.”
[26] Manning, Robert Hist. Mass. Hort. Soc. 33. 1880.
[27] Coxe, William A View of the Cultivation of Fruit Trees 6.
1817.
[28] Landreth’s Rural Register and Almanac. 1872 and 1874.
[29] Bulletin of the Essex Institute 2:23.
 [30] Downing, A. J. Hovey’s Mag. 3:5. 1837.
[31] Boston Palladium, Sept. 9, 1822.
[32] The horticultural books published in America between 1779
and 1825 were: The Gardener’s Kalender by Mrs. Martha Logan,
Charleston: 1779; The American Gardener by John Gardiner and
David Hepburn, Washington: 1804; The American Gardener’s
Calendar by Bernard McMahon, Philadelphia: 1806; A View of the
Cultivation of Fruit Trees by William Cox, Philadelphia: 1817; The
American Practical Gardener by an Old Gardener, Baltimore:
1819; The Gentleman’s and Gardener’s Kalendar by Grant
Thorburn, New York: 1821; American Gardener by William
Cobbett, New York: 1819; and The American Orchardist by
James Thacher, M. D., Boston: 1822.
[33] During the quarter ending in 1825 two agricultural
publications were in existence in the United States: The American
Farmer, established in Baltimore in 1819, and the New England
Farmer, founded in Boston in 1822. To these should be added the
Massachusetts Agricultural Repository, not a journal in the strict
sense of the word but published by the Massachusetts Society for
Promoting Agriculture, established in 1793, and continued until
the New England Farmer was started in 1822. The Repository
was the first agricultural periodical of the New World.
[34] At least three agricultural societies were founded soon
after the close of the Revolution; the Philadelphia Society for
Promoting Agriculture and the Agricultural Society of South
Carolina were founded in 1785, and the Massachusetts Society
for Promoting Agriculture in 1792, while the first strictly
horticultural society, the New York Horticultural Society, was not
established until 1818.
[35] P. domestica cereola L. (Sp. Pl. 475. 1753), P. claudiana
Poir. (Lam. Encycl. 5:677. 1804), P. italica Borkh. (Handb. Forstb.
11:1409. 1803).
[36] For a bibliography of this group see an article by Waugh in
Gard. Chron. 24:465. 1898.
[37] Koch, K. Deut. Obst. 149. 1876.
[38] Schneider, C. K. Hand. der Laub. 630. 1906.
[39] Columella 10: lines 404-406.
[40] The Natural History of Pliny. Translated by John Bostock
and H. T. Riley 3:294. London: 1892.
 [41] Hogg, Robert The Fruit Manual Ed. 5:704. 1884.
[42] Targioni-Tozzetti, Antonio, Cenni storici sulla introduzione
di varie piante nell’ agricoltura ed horticultura Toscana. Florence:
1850.
[43] Parkinson, John Paradisus Terrestris 576. 1629.
[44] Rea, John A Complete Florilege 208. 1676.
[45] Ray Historia Plantarum 2:1529. 1688.
[46] Gallesio, Giorgio 2: (Pages not numbered). 1839.
[47] Phillips, Henry Comp. Orch. 306. 1831.
[48] These are the plums which Linnaeus called Prunus
domestica galatensis (Sp. Pl. 475. 1753); Seringe, Prunus
domestica pruneayliana (DC. Prodr. 2:533. 1825); and
Borkhausen, Prunus œconomica (Handb. Forstb. 2:1401. 1803).
[49] Prince, William A Short Treatise on Horticulture 27. 1828.
[50] “Of the prune, or, as they are termed in German,
‘Quetsche,’ there are a number of varieties, all which are of fine
size, and considered as the best plums for drying as prunes; this
is one of the largest of the varieties; the principal characteristic of
these plums is that the flesh is sweet and agreeable when dried. I
am informed that the ‘Italian Prune’ ranks highest as a table fruit
when plucked from the tree. The process of drying prunes seems
to be so very easy that I should suppose it might be undertaken in
this country with a certainty of success, and so as to totally
supersede the importation of that article.” Ibid.
[51] United States Patent Office Report: xxix. 1854. The
following description of this distribution is of interest: “The scions
of two varieties of prunes, ‘Prunier d’Agen,’ and ‘Prunier Sainte
Catherine,’ have been imported from France, and distributed
principally in the states north of Pennsylvania, and certain districts
bordering on the range of the Allegany Mountains, in order to be
engrafted upon the common plum. These regions were made
choice of in consequence of their being freer from the ravages of
the curculio, which is so destructive to the plum tree in other parts
as often to cut off the entire crop. It has been estimated that the
State of Maine, alone, where this insect is rarely seen, is capable
of raising dried prunes sufficient to supply the wants of the whole
Union.”
[52] Wickson, E. J. California Fruits Ed. 2:82. 1891.
 [53] Hedrick, U. P. in Bailey’s Cyclopedia American Horticulture
1440. 1901.
[54] Miller says in his Gardener’s Dictionary of the variety
Perdrigon, “Hakluyt in 1582, says, of later time the plum called the
Perdigwena was procured out of Italy, with two kinds more, by the
Lord Cromwell, after his travel.” Miller, Philip Gardener’s
Dictionary. Edited by Thomas Martyn, 2: (no page). 1707.
[55] In the first edition of Species Plantarum Linnaeus called
these plums Prunus domestica pernicona; in the second edition
the varietal name was changed to “Pertizone.” In the Prodromus
Seringe designates the group as Prunus domestica touronensis.
[56] The Prunus domestica aubertiana of Seringe. (DC. Prodr.
2:533. 1825.)
[57] Rea, John A Complete Florilege 209. 1676.
[58] Parkinson, John Paradisus Terrestris 576. 1629.
[59] Koch, K. Deut. Obst. 560. 1876.
[60] Bauhin Pin. 443 n 23.
[61] Bul. Soc. Dauph. fasc. VIII. 1881.
[62] Ibid.
[63] Dendrol. 316. 1893.
[64] Rhein. Reise-Fl. 67. 1857.
[65] Handb. Laubh. 1: 631. 1906.
[66] Pickering, Charles Chron. Hist. Plants. 218. 1879.
[67] Heer Pflanz. Pfahl. 27, fig. 16c.
[68] Hooker Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 315. 1879.
[69] The reader who desires fuller information regarding the
botany of this species should consult the references given with
the botanical description of Prunus insititia.
[70] McMahon, Bernard Gardener’s Calendar 587. 1806.
[71] Samuel Deane, D.D. New England Farmer 265. 1797.
[72] Koch, Karl Deut. Obst. 150. 1876.
[73] This subject is well discussed in an article by E. A. Carrière
in Revue Horticole 438. 1892.
[74] Handb. Laubh. 628. 1906.
 [75] Fl. Siles. 1:2, 10. 1829.
[76] Fl. Nied. Ostr. 819. 1890.
[77] Fl. Siles. 1:2, 10. 1829.
[78] Enum. Pl. Trans. 178. 1866.
[79] Handb. Laubh. 1:630. 1906.
[80] Flora 9:748. 1826.
[81] Sched. Crit. 217. 1822.
[82] Boiss. Diag. 2nd Ser. 96. 1856.
[83] Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien. 435. 1864.
[84] Flor. Or. 11:625. 1872.
[85] In pre-Linnaean literature Prunus cerasifera is mentioned
by Clusius as Prunus myrobalanus (Rar. Plant. Hist. 46 fig. 1601),
and by Tournefort under the same name (Inst. Rei Herb. 622.
1700).
[86] Ledebour Ind. Hort. Dorp. Suppl. 6. 1824.
[87] Schneider Handb. Laubh. 632. 1906.
[88] Dippel Handb. Laubh. 3:633. 1893.
[89] Jack Gar. and For. 5:64. 1892.
[90] Bailey Cornell Sta. Bul. 38:34. 1892.
[91] Handb. Laubh. 1:633. 1906.
[92] Beitr. Nat. 6:90. 1791.
[93] Handb. Forstb. 11:1392. 1803.
[94] Fedde Repert. 1:50. 1905.
[95] Pl. David 2:33. 1888.
[96] Ill. Bot. His. Mountains and Fl. of Cash. 1:239. 1839.
[97] Several apricots and the loquat of southern Japan are also
called Japanese plums. The name Triflora for common usage
avoids this confusion and conforms with the growing usage in
horticulture of using the specific name alone.
[98] Bailey says, (Cornell Sta. Bul. 62:6. 1894) speaking of
these specimens: “I have no hesitation in saying that our
Japanese plums are the same.” The writer examined the
specimens in the summer of 1909 and recognized them at once
to be the same as the cultivated Triflora plums.
[99] February 23, 1909.
[100] pp. 10, 45.
[101] March 12, 1909.
[102] Fl. Indica 501. 1824.
[103] Forbes and Hemsley Jour. Linn. Soc. 23:219. 1886-88.
[104] Cornell Sta. Bul. 62:3. 1894.
[105] Berckmans, L. A. Rpt. Ga. Hort. Soc. 15. 1889.
[106] Bailey, L. H. Cornell Sta. Buls. 62, 106, 139, 175.
[107] Waugh, F. A. Plum Cult. 1901.
[108] Georgeson, C. C. Amer. Gard. 12:74. 1891.
[109] For references and synonymy see the Simon plum.
[110] Carrière, E. A. Rev. Hort. 152. 1891.
[111] The New York Agricultural Experiment Station stands on
the site of the old Indian village of Kanadasaga, founded by the
Seneca Indians. The records of Sullivan’s raid just after the
Revolution show that when this village was destroyed by the
Whites there were orchards of apples and plums (see Conover’s
Kanadasaga and Geneva (Mss.) Hobart College) crudely
cultivated. On the adjoining farm of Mr. Henry Loomis
descendants of these old trees still grow. The plums are
Americanas, and Mr. Loomis, now in his 94th year, says that
when a boy the Indians and Whites alike gathered them, soaked
them in lye to remove the astringency of the skins and then
cooked, dried or otherwise preserved them.
[112] Poiteau 1: (Unpaged). 1846.
[113] Waugh, F. A. Plum Cult. 51, 282-307. 1901.
[114] Goff, E. S. Wis. Sta. Bul. 63:4. 1897.
[115] The Prunus mollis of Torrey (Fl. U. S. 1:470. 1824) was
Prunus nigra, as Torrey’s specimen, now in the herbarium of
Columbia University, plainly shows.
[116] A brief account of the life of Liberty Hyde Bailey appeared
in The Grapes of New York (page 142), but his work with plums
deserves further mention. The foundation of our present
knowledge of the cultivated species and races of American and
Triflora plums was laid by the comprehensive study of these fruits
made by Bailey in the closing decade of the Nineteenth Century.
His examination of plums may be said to have begun in 1886 with
the setting of an orchard of native plums—probably the first
general collection of these plums planted—on the grounds of the
Michigan Agricultural College, Lansing, Michigan. The results of
his studies have largely appeared in the publications of the
Cornell Agricultural Experiment Station, the first of which was The
Cultivated Native Plums and Cherries published in 1892; The
Japanese Plums, 1894; Revised Opinions of the Japanese
Plums, 1896; Third Report upon Japanese Plums, 1897; Notes
upon Plums, 1897. Beside these bulletins a monograph of the
native plums was published in The Evolution of our Native Fruits
in 1898 and a brief but complete monograph of the Genus Prunus
in the Cyclopedia of American Horticulture in 1901. These are but
the chief titles under which his studies of plums have appeared,
several minor contributions having been printed from time to time
in the horticultural press. While Dr. Bailey has given especial
attention to all fruits grown in eastern America, it is probable that
pomology is most indebted to him for his long and painstaking
work with the difficult Genus Prunus with which he has done
much to set the varieties and species in order.
[117] Bot. Gaz. 24:462. 1896; Cornell Sta. Bul. 170. 1897; Ev.
Nat. Fruits 194-208. 1898.
[118] Gar. and For. 10:340, 350. 1897. Plum Cult. 60-66. 1901.
[119] Waugh, F. A. Vt. Sta. An. Rpt. 14:277. 1900-01.
[120] Hakluyt Voyages 3:258.
[121] Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 21:301. 1894.
[122] Silva of North America 4:28. 1893.
[123] Jack, J. G. Gard. and For. 7:206. 1894.
[124] Gar. and For. 3:625. 1890.
[125] Sandberg, J. H. Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3:221. 1895.
[126] Coville, F. V. Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5:99. 1897; and
Chestnut, V. K. Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7:356. 1902.
[127] Wickson, E. J. California Fruits 52. 1891.
[128] Wickson, E. J. Calif. Fruits Ed. 4:35. 1909.