KOORDINAT KUTUB

Koordinat Cartesius (x, y)

Y
x = r cos α
y = r sin α (x, y)

r
Koordinat Kutub (Polar) → (r, α) y
𝑟= √𝑥 2 + 𝑦2 α
X
𝑦
O x
α = arc tan ( )
𝑥

contoh soal:
1. Ubahlah ke dalam koordinat kutub titik-titik berikut.
a. (3, 4)
b. (1, -1)
c. (-√3, 1)
d. (-1, -√3)
Jawab:
a. Koordinat Kutub = (r, α)
(3, 4) → x = 3 ; y = 4 (Kuadran. I)
r = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2

r = √32 + 42
r = √25
r=5
𝑦
α = arc tan (𝑥 )
4
α = arc tan ( )
3

α = 53 o

(r, α) = (5, 53o)

b. (1, -1) → x = 1 ; y = -1 (K. IV)

r = √12 + (−1)2
r = √2
−1
α = arc tan ( 1 )
 α = arc tan -1 Kuadran II Kuadran I
α = 360 – 45 = 315
o o o
sin (+)
semua (+)
cosec (+) ditukar
(r, α) = (√2, 315o) sin = cos
tan = cotan
cosec = sec
c. (-√3, 1) → x = -√3 ; y = 1 (K. II) Kuadran III Kuadran IV
tan (+)
cos (+)
r = √(−√3)2 + 12 cotan (+)
sec (+)
ditukar
r = √4 sin = cos
tan = cotan
r=2 cosec = sec
1
α = arc tan (−√3)
1
α = arc tan − → 30o
√3

α = 180o – 30o = 150o

(r, α) = (2, 150o)

d. (-1, -√3) → x = -1 ; y = -√3 (K. III)

r = √(−1)2 + (−√3)2

r=2
−√3
α = arc tan ( −1 )

α = arc tan √3 → 60o

α = 270o – 60o = 210o
(r, α) = (2, 210o)

e. (-1, 1) → x = -1 ; y = 1 (K. II)

r = √(−1)2 + (1)2
r = √2
−1
α = arc tan ( 1 )

α = arc tan -1 → 45o

α = 180o – 45o = 135o
(r, α) = (√2, 135o)
 f. (2√3, -2) → x = 2√3 ; y = -2 (K. IV)

r = √(2√3)2 + (−2)2

r = √16
r=4
−2
α = arc tan (2√3)
1
α = arc tan (− ) → 30o
√3

α = 360o – 30o = 330o

(r, α) = (4, 330o)

2. Tentukan koordinat kartesius dari titik – titik berikut.

a. (4, 60o)
b. (2, 120o)
c. (√2, 225o)
Jawab:
Koordinat Kartesius = (x, y)
a. (4, 60o) → r = 4 ; α = 60o
x = r cos 60o
x = (4)(½)
x=2
y = r sin 60o
y = (4)(½√3)
y = 2√3
(x, y) = (2, 2√3)

b. (2, 120o) → r = 2 ; α = 120o

x = r cos 120o → cos 120 = cos (180 – 60) = -cos 60 = -½
x = (2) (–½)
x = -1
y = r sin 120o → sin 120 = sin (180 – 60) = sin 60 = ½√3
y = (2) (½√3)
y = √3
 (x, y) = (-1, √3)

c. x = √2 cos 225 → cos 225 = cos(270 – 45) = -sin 45 = -½√2

x = (√2) (–½√2)
x = -1
y = √2 sin 225 → sin 225 = sin (270 – 45) = -cos 45 = -½√2
y = (√2) (–½√2)
y = -1
(x, y) = (-1, -1)

d. (√3, 240o) → r = √3 ; α = 240o

x = √3 cos 240 → cos 240 = cos(270 – 30) = -sin 30 = -½
x = (√3) (–½)
x = -½√3
y = √3 sin 240 → sin 240 = sin (270 – 30) = -cos 30 = -½√3
y = (√3) (–½√3)
3
y = −2
1 3
(x, y) = (− 2 √3, − 2)