-----

JOINS
-----

-- Find the course in which students are enrolled

SELECT student_fname, student_lname, selected_course, course_name FROM students s
JOIN courses c ON s.selected_course = c.course_id;

** By default, it is a INNER JOIN

** INNER JOIN : only the matching records will be considered and non-matching
records will be discarded

---------------
LEFT OUTER JOIN
---------------

*** All the matching records from left and right table are considered +
All the non matching records in the left table which does not have the match in
the right padded with NULL

** For LEFT OUTER JOIN to happen, we must have some extra records in the left
table(T1)

** T1(Left Table) X T2(Right Table)

-- Delete the course having course_id = 2

DELETE FROM courses WHERE course_id = 2;

Error: ERROR 1451 (23000): Cannot delete or update a parent row: a foreign key
constraint fails (`trendytech`.`students`, CONSTRAINT `students_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY
(`selected_course`) REFER
ENCES `courses` (`course_id`))

* The above DELETE query won't work because it is attached with the students table
also in the form of FOREIGN KEY

* If we try to delete the course having course_id = 2, then the student who has
enrolled for course_id = 2 will become obsolete

-- Now, we will create a new students table and new couses table with same data but
FOREIGN key constraint won't be there

CREATE TABLE students_latest AS SELECT * FROM students;

CREATE TABLE courses_latest AS SELECT * FROM courses;

-- Now, we can delete the records from courses table

-- Delete the course having course_id = 2

DELETE FROM courses_latest WHERE course_id = 2;

-- What will happen if we perform INNER JOIN on the above created table

-- Find the course in which students are enrolled

SELECT student_fname, student_lname, selected_course, course_name FROM
students_latest s
JOIN courses_latest c ON s.selected_course = c.course_id;
-- Now, lets perform a LEFT OUTER JOIN

** How to perform a LEFT OUTER JOIN?

==> We just have to give the keyword LEFT before JOIN

-- Find the course in which students are enrolled

SELECT student_fname, student_lname, selected_course, course_name FROM
students_latest s
LEFT JOIN courses_latest c ON s.selected_course = c.course_id;

----------------
RIGHT OUTER JOIN
----------------

*** All the matching records from left and right table are considered +
All the non matching records in the right table which does not have the match in
the left padded with NULL

** For RIGHT OUTER JOIN to happen, we must have some extra records in the right
table(T2)

** T1(Left Table) X T2(Right Table)

** How to perform a RIGHT OUTER JOIN?
==> We just have to give the keyword RIGHT before JOIN

-- Find the course in which students are enrolled

SELECT student_fname, student_lname, selected_course, course_name FROM
students_latest s
RIGHT JOIN courses_latest c ON s.selected_course = c.course_id;

---------------
FULL OUTER JOIN
---------------

* Combination of LEFT OUTER JOIN and RIGHT OUTER JOIN.

* FULL OUTER JOIN = LEFT OUTER JOIN UNION RIGHT OUTER JOIN

* All the matching records + Non-matching records from left + Non-matching records
from right

* In SQL, we do not have keyword FULL for FULL OUTER JOIN, so we will do UNION of
LEFT OUTER JOIN and RIGHT OUTER JOIN

SELECT student_fname, student_lname, selected_course, course_name FROM

students_latest s
LEFT JOIN courses_latest c ON s.selected_course = c.course_id
UNION
SELECT student_fname, student_lname, selected_course, course_name FROM
students_latest s
RIGHT JOIN courses_latest c ON s.selected_course = c.course_id;

----------
CROSS JOIN
----------
* CROSS JOIN is costly as each record of first table is getting combined with each
record of second table.
If Left Table (T1) has 4 records
If Right Table (T2) has 5 records

Then, CROSS JOIN = 4 * 5 = 20 records, 1 to 1 mapping with each records

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM students, courses;

-- 35 records

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM students JOIN courses;

-- 35 records

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM students;

-- 7 records

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM courses;

-- 5 records