UNIT 1

INTRODUCTION TO
MENTAL HEALTH NURSING
LEARNING OBJECTIVE

Define psychiatric nursing, mental health and

mental illness
Discuss the perspectives of mental health and
mental health nursing
Describe the evolution of mental health
services, treatment and nursing practices
Recognize the history and trends in
psychiatric nursing
Discuss the prevalence and incidence of
mental health problems and disorders
CHAPTER OUTLINE
PERSPECTIVES OF MENTAL HEALTH
AND MENTAL HEALTH NURSING
 MENTAL HEALTH ILLNESS CONTINUUM
OPTIMUM MENTAL WELLBEING

MAIMUXM MINIMUM
MENTAL MENTAL
ILLNESS ILLNESS

MINIMUM MENTAL
WELLBEING
DEFINITION OF MENTAL HEALTH
 COMPONENTS OF
MENTAL HEALTH
INDICATORS OF MENTAL HEALTH
 GENERAL CRITERIA FOR MENTAL
DISORDER
DISSATISFACTION WITH ONES
CHARACTERISTICS, ABILITIES
AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS.

IN-EFFECTIVE OR
LACK OF PERSONAL GROWTH UNSATISFYING
INTERPERSONAL
RELATIONSHIP

DISSATISFACTION WITH ONES

IN EFFECTIVE COPING OR PLACE IN THE WORLD E.G.
ADAPTATION TO THE EVENTS LOW SELF ESTEEM.
IN ONE’S LIFE.
WARNING SIGNS FOR MENTAL ILLNESS
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS OF MENTAL ILLNESS
PSYCHIATRIC NURSING
EVOLUTION OF MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES
TREATMENT AND NURSING PRACTICE
EVOLUTION OF MENTAL HEALTH NURSING
PRACTICES

PHASE I : EMERGENCE OF PSYCHIATRIC, MENTAL

HEALTH NURSING (1773-1881)

PHASE II : DEVELOPMENT OF THE WORK ROLE OF

THE PSYCHIATRIC NURSE (1882- 1914)

PHASE III: DEVELOPMENT OF UNDERGRADUATE

PSYCHIATRIC NURSING EDUCATION (1915-1935)

PHASE IV : DEVELOPMENT OF GRADUATE

PSYCHIATRIC NURSING EDUCATION (1936-1945)
EVOLUTION OF MENTAL HEALTH NURSING
PRACTICES
 MENTAL ILLNESS TO MENTAL
HEALTH: INDIAN PERSPECTIVE
 PREVALENCE AND INCIDENCE OF MENTAL
HEALTH PROBLEMS AND DISORDERS (INDIAN
PERSPECTIVE)

National mental health survey of India 2015-16 reported that

every sixth Indian needs mental health help, 8% of people in
Karnataka have mental illness, mental problems more in 30–49
age group or over 60; low income linked to occurrence of mental
disorders and urban areas to be most affected were some of the
headlines in the mass media.
VULNERABLE GROUPS TO MENTAL
DISORDERS
COMMON CHALLENGES / ISSUES OF
MENTAL HEALTH IN INDIA
MENTAL HEALTH ACT, 1987
NATIONAL MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAMME
The Government of India has launched the National Mental Health Programme
(NMHP) in 1982, keeping in view the heavy burden of mental illness in the
community, and the absolute inadequacy of mental health care infrastructure in
the country to deal with it.
 SERVICES
Daily Out-patient (OPD) services
• Ten bedded in services facility (IPD)
• Referral service
• Liaison with Primary Health Center (PHC)
• Provide follow up service
• Community Survey if feasible
• Remove stigma of mental illness
MENTAL HEALTH TEAM
 LEVELS OF PSYCHIATRIC MENTAL
HEALTH NURSING PRACTICE

BASIC LEVEL
basic level nursing
practical is characterized
by interventions that
promote and foster health
and mental health, assist
clients to regain or
improve their coping skill,
or abilities, and prevent
further disability.
ADVANCE
LEVEL
❖ Psychotherapy
❖ Psychopharmocology
interventions
❖ Case management
❖ Consultation liaison
❖ Clinical supervision
CONCEPT OF NORMAL AND
ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR
 CHAPTER SUMMARY

Mental health refers to our cognitive, and/or emotional well being.

Mental health nursing is a specialized area of nursing practice,
employing the theories of human behavior as it is a science, and the
purposeful use of self as it is an art, in the diagnosis and treatment of
human responses to actual and potential mental health problems”.
Appox. 450 million people suffer with mental disorders worldwide.
Normal behavior is basically behavior that is socially acceptable. The
definition of the word abnormal is simple enough: deviating from the
norm. However, applying this to psychology poses a complex problem:
what is normal? Whose norm? For what age? For what culture? Some
would simply classify what is "good" as normal and what is "bad" as
abnormal.