ANTENNASANDWAVEPROPAGATI

ON

Shor
tQuest
ions

1.Compar
epowergai
nandDi
rect
ivegai
n.

2.Ift
heradiat
ionresi
stanceoft
heant
ennai
s75ohmsandl
ossr
esi
stance25ohms.Comput
ethe
eff
ici
encyoftheantenna.

3.Whatar
etheadv
ant
agesofl
oopant
ennaov
ermonopol
eant
enna?

4.Compar
eaxi
alandnor
mal
modehel
i
cal
ant
enna.

5.Di
ff
erent
iat
e‘V’
ant
ennaf
rom r
hombi
cant
enna.

6.Whati
sthebasi
cconceptofr
efl
ect
orant
enna?

7.Def
inepat
ter
nmul
ti
pli
cat
ionpat
ter
nforant
ennaar
ray
.

8.Def
inepar
asi
ti
car
ray
. .

9.Def
inet
het
ermsa)MUF b)Ski
pDi
stance.

10.Def
iner
adi
ohor
izonandest
imat
ether
adi
ohor
izondi
stancef
oranant
ennaofhei
ght
12m.

11.Def
ineef
fect
iveaper
tur
eofant
enna.

12.Expl
ainnearf
iel
dandf
arf
iel
dofant
enna.

13.Whyl
oopant
ennacal
l
edasmagnet
icdi
pol
e?

14.Cal
cul
atet
her
adi
ati
onr
esi
stanceofDi
pol
eant
ennaofl
engt
hλ/
8m.

15.Whati
sbebi
netpr
inci
pleofant
enna?

16.Whatar
etheadv
ant
agesofpat
chormi
crost
ri
pant
enna?

17.Howi
sbeam scanni
ngi
sachi
evedwi
thant
ennaar
ray
.

18.Def
inepar
asi
ti
car
ray
.

19.Whatist
heCri
ti
cal
frequencyf
orr
efl
ect
ionatv
ert
ical
inci
dencei
fthemaxi
mum v
alueofel
ect
ron
6 -
3
densi
tyi
s1.
24x10 cm ?

20.St
ateSecantl
aw.

21.Def
ineHPBW andBWFNofanant
enna.

22.Appl
i
cat
ionofl
oopant
enna.

23.Adv
ant
agesandDi
sadv
ant
ageofal
lant
ennas

24.Expl
ainaboutHuy
genspr
inci
ple.

25.Whati
ssl
otant
enna?
 ANTENNASANDWAVEPROPAGATI
ON

LongQuest
ions

1.a)Theradi
ati
onint
ensi
tyofacertai
nantennai
s2si n3Φf
nθsi or(
0<θ<πand0<Φ<π)andzer
o
el
sewhere.Det
ermineDi
rect
ivi
tyofant
enna. .

b)Def
inet
hef
oll
owi
nga)
.Di
rect
ivi
tyb)Radi
ati
onI
ntensi
tyc)Ef
fect
iveaper
tur
e.
2
2. a)Showt
hatpowerr
adi
atedbyhal
fwav
edi
pol
eant
ennai
s73Ief
f.

b)Whatar
etheappl
i
cat
ionsofl
oopant
enna?

3.a)Wi
thneatsket
chexpl
ainabouty
agi
-udaant
enna.

b)Descr
ibet
hewor
kingpr
inci
pleoff
oldeddi
pol
eant
enna.Ment
ioni
tsappl
i
cat
ions.

4.a)Expl
aini
ndet
ail
thedi
ff
erentcasesoft
hear
raycont
aini
ngt
woi
sot
ropi
csour
ces.

b)Expl
aint
hebr
oad-
sidear
rayandend-
fi
rear
ray
.

5.a)Expl
aint
heGai
nmeasur
ement3–ant
ennamet
hod.

b)Def i
neLOSdi st
ance, Showt hati
tisgi
venbyd=1. 4142(hr+ hr)mi l
eswhere
hrandhtaretheheightsoftransmitt
erandrecei
ver
.
6.a)Explai
nthemechani sm ofr adiowavebendi
ngbytheionospher
e.
b)Def i
nea).Virt
ualheightb).Maximum usablefr
equency(MUF)c).Ski
pdist
ance.
7.Wri
teshortnotesont hefoll
owi ng:
a)Hor nAntenna.

b)Ant
ennapol
ari
zat
ion.

8.a)Theradial
componentoftheradi
atedpowerdensi
tyofani
nfi
nit
esi
mal
li
neardi
pol
elengt
h1<<λ
n2θ/2
i
sgivenbyWavg=Am si r W/m2.Cal
cul
atetheDir
ecti
vi
tyofant
enna.

b)Expl
aint
heconceptofr
etar
dedpot
ent
ial .

9a)Wi
tht
heneatsket
chexpl
aint
hewor
kingofpr
inci
pleofhel
i
cal
ant
enna.Whatar
ethe v
ari
ous
modesunderwhi
chahel
i
cal
ant
ennacanbeoper
ated?

b)Whatar
etheappl
i
cat
ionsofhel
i
cal
ant
enna?

10.a)Expl
aint
hedi
ff
erentf
eedi
ngmet
hodsusedf
orpar
abol
i
cref
lect
orant
enna.

b)Expl
aint
hewor
kingofal
ensant
enna

11.a)Expl
aini
ndet
ail
aboutBi
nomi
alAr
ray

b)Di
scusst
hepr
inci
pleofpat
ter
nmul
ti
pli
cat
ion.

12.a)Expl
aini
ndet
ail
aboutgr
oundwav
epr
opagat
ion.

b)Atwhatf
requency
,awav
emustpr
opagat
efort
heD-
regi
ont
ohav
ear
efr
act
ivei
ndexof0.
5.
 ANTENNASANDWAVEPROPAGATI
ON

Takeanel ectr
ondensi t
yequalto400forthegivenr
egion.
13.a)Derivetherelat
ionshi
pbet weeneff
ecti
veapert
ure,di
rect
ivi
tyandeff
ect
ivel
engt
h.
b)Explai
nwi t
hsuitablediagr
amst heworkingoft
helogperiodi
cantenna.Whatar
etheappl
i
cat
ionsof
thi
s ant enna?
14.Writeshortnotesont hefol
lowing:
a)Ductwav epr opagat
ion

b)LoopAnt
enna.

15.wi
tht
hehel
pofneatdi
agr
am expl
aint
her
adi
ati
onmechani
sm ofanant
enna

16.whati
sher
tzi
andi
pol
e?Obt
aint
heexpr
essi
onf
ort
her
adi
ati
onf
iel
dsofi
t.

17.a)
Wit
hneatsket
chexpl
ainaboutmi
crost
ri
pant
enna/
pat
chant
enna

b)expl
aint
hecassgr
ainf
eedi
ngofpar
abol
oidr
efl
ect
or.

18.
a)Der
iveFr
isst
ransmi
ssi
onf
ormul
aeequat
ions.

b)Expl
aini
sot
ropi
c,Di
rect
ional
andomni
-di
rect
ional
ant
ennas

19.
a)Der
ivet
hePr
opagat
ionofr
adi
owav
ethr
oughi
onospher
e.

b)
Giv
ethest
ruct
ureofi
onospher
eandexpl
aint
hemechani
sm ofsky
wav
epr
opagat
ion