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Incendiary Devices
The incendiary devices used during the late war included: bombs,
shell, tracer shell and bullets, grenades, and flame throwers.
Bombs
Later the Germans used a scatter type of bomb (Fig. 109) which
was designed to give 46 points of conflagration. Each of these 46
small cylinders contained 50 grams of an air incendiary material.
They were arranged in layers, packed in with very fine gun powder.
The bomb is ignited by a friction lighter which is pulled automatically
when the bomb is released from the aeroplane. The bomb is
constructed to burst in the air and not on striking the ground. The
upper part of the projectile consists of a cast iron nose riveted to the
sheet iron body of the bomb. When the explosion occurs, the nose is
blown away and the small incendiary cylinders are scattered in the
air.
The incendiary material appears to be a mixture of barium nitrate
and tar. Its incendiary power is very low because combustion takes
the form of a small flame of very short duration. It should, however,
be very valuable for firing inflammable materials.
British Bombs. The early British bombs were petrol bombs,
which were used without great success for crop burning. Phosphorus
bombs were then used for attacking aircraft. But the most successful
incendiary is the so-called “Baby Incendiary Bomb.” This is a 6.5-
ounce bomb with an incendiary charge of special thermit. These
small bombs are carried in containers holding either 144 or 272
bombs. The former container approximates in size and weight one
50-pound H.E. bomb and the latter one 120-pound H.E. bomb. The
bomb contains a cartridge very much like a shot gun shell which, on
impact, sets down on the striker point in the base of the body, and
causes the ignition of the charge. It is claimed that the cartridge of
the B.I. bomb burns when totally immersed in any liquid (water
included) and in depths up to two feet the flame breaks through the
surface.
French Bombs. The French used three types of incendiary
bombs, a special thermit (calonite), the Chenard and the Davidsen.
The Chenard bomb is a true intensive type and is thought to be very
successful. It functions by means of a time fuse operated by the
unscrewing of a propeller, before striking the ground, and reaches its
target in flames. Its chief disadvantage is the small amount of
incendiary material which it carries. The Davidsen bomb expels its
charge as a single unit and is not considered as valuable or as
successful as the Chenard.
American Bombs. The program of the Chemical Warfare
Service included three types of bombs:
Mark II Incendiary drop bomb
Mark III Incendiary drop bomb
Mark I Scatter bomb
Mark II Bomb. The incendiary Mark II drop bomb is designed to
be dropped from an aeroplane and is intended for use against
buildings, etc., when penetrating effect followed by an intensive
incendiary action is sought.
The bomb case consists of two parts: a body and a nose. The
body is a tapering zinc shell which carries the firing mechanism and
stabilizing tail fin at the small end and at the large end a threaded
ring which screws into the nose. The nose is of drawn steel of such
shape as to have low end-on resistance and is sufficiently strong to
penetrate frame structures.
Incendiary Darts