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 Megillah I.) Now
identified with ‘el
Huwarah,’ south
of Bethlehem in
Zebulon. (See
Conder’s
Handbook, p.
268, and Mem. I.
288; Sh. V.)
IDUMEA Is. xxxiv. 5, See Edom — The Greek form
(R.V. EDOM) 6; Ezek. of the name
xxxv. 15; Edom.
xxxvi. 5; 1
Macc. iv.
15, 29, 61;
v. 3; vi. 31;
2 Macc.
xii. 32;
Mark iii. 8

IIM (1) Num. xxxiii. See Ije- — A contracted form

(R.V. IYIM) 45 abarim of the name Ije-
abarim, which
see.
IIM (2) Josh. xv. 29 Not identified — Mentioned with
‘Beer-sheba,’
and ‘Chesil,’ or
‘Bethul,’
somewhere in
the south of
Judah. The
Peshito Syriac
version has Elin.

IJE-ABARIM Num. xxi. Not identified — Between ‘Oboth’

(R.V. IYE- 11; xxxiii. and ‘the valley of
ABARIM) 44 Zared,’
‘wilderness
 which is before
Moab.’ One of
the camping
stations of the
Israelites.
IJON 1 Kings xv. el Khîam (?)* 6 A town belonging
20; 2 to the tribe of
Kings xv. Naphtali, ‘el
29; 2 Chr. Khîam,’ in the
xvi. 4 Merj ʾAyûn,
north of Banias
(Conder). Tell
Dibbin, in the
same district,
has also been
proposed. (Mem.
I. 88; Sh. II.)

IMMER Ezra ii. 59; Not identified — One of the places

Neh. vii. from which some
61 of the captivity
returned, who
could not prove
their pedigree.
INDIA 1 Esd. iii. 2 — —
IR-NAHASH 1 Chron. iv. Deir 13 Of Judah.
(R.V. ‘The City 12 Nakhkhâs Possibly ‘Deir
of Nahash.’) (?)* Nakhkhâs,’ near
Beit Jibrîn.
(Mem. III.; Sh.
XX.)—Conder.
IRON Josh. xix. Yârûn 6 Named between
38 ‘Migdal-el’ and
‘En-hazor’ in
Naphtali. Now
the village
 Yârûn. (Mem. I.
204; Sh. IV.)
IRPEEL Josh xviii. Râfât* 14 Mentioned
27 between
‘Rekem’ and
‘Taralah,’ of
Benjamin, both
places unknown.
Probably the
village ‘Rafât,’
near Gibeon,
(Mem. III. 154;
Sh. XVII.)—
Conder.

IR-SHEMESH Josh. xix. ʾAin Shems 14 Identical with

41 Beth Shemesh,
which see.
ISHTOB 2 Sam. x. — — R.V. ‘Men of Tob.’
6, 8 See Tob.
ISSACHAR, Gen. xxx. — ‘The fourth lot
Tribe of 18; xxxv. came out for
23; xlvi. Issachar. And
13; xlix. their border was
14; Exod. unto Jezreel,
i. 3; Num. and Chesulloth
i. 8, 28, and Shunem;
29; ii. 5; and Haphraim,
vii. 18; x. and Shion, and
15; xiii. 7; Anaharath; and
xxvi. 23, Rabbith, and
25; xxxiv. Kishion, and
26; Deut. Ebez; and
xxvii. 12; Remeth, and En-
xxxiii. 18; gannim, and En-
Josh. xvii. haddah, and
10, 11; xix. Beth-pazzez;
 17, 23; and the border
xxi. 6, 28; reached to
Judg. v. Tabor, and
15; x. 1; 1 Shahazumah,
Kings iv. and Beth-
17; xv. 27; shemesh; and
1 Chron. the goings out of
ii. 1; vi. 62, their border were
72; vii. 1, at Jordan;
5; xii. 32, sixteen cities
40; xxvii. with their
18; 2 Chr. villages.’ (Josh.
xxx. 18; xix. 17–23 R.V.)
Ezek. ‘Issachar had its
xlviii. 25, limits in length,
26–33; Mount Carmel
Rev. vii. 7 and the river, but
its limit in
breadth was
Mount Tabor.’ (5
Ant. I. 22.)

ITHNAN Josh. xv. 23 Not identified — A town in the

south of Judah
named with
‘Kadesh,’
‘Hazor,’ and
‘Ziph.’
ITTAH-KAZIN Josh. xix. Not identified — On the boundary
(R.V. ETH- 13 of Zebulon
KAZIN) between Gittah-
hepher and
Remmon.
IVAH or AVA 2 Kings Hit (?) — Thought to be
(R.V. IVVAH xvii. 24; ‘Hît’ on the
and AVVA) xviii. 34; Euphrates?
xix. 13;
 Isa. xxxvii.
13
JAAZER Num. xxi. — See Jazer.
(R.V. JAZER) 32; xxxii.
35
JABBOK, River Gen. xxxii. Wâdy Zêrka 11 The brook which
22; Num. Jacob crossed
xxi. 24; on his way from
Deut. ii. ‘Haran.’
37; iii. 16; Between Gerasa
Josh. xii. (Jerash) and
2; Judg. Philadelphia
xi. 13–22 (Amman)—
Onomasticon.
Now called
Wâdy ez Zêrka,
having its source
at the clear and
copious springs
in the valley
above ‘Ammân,’
then sweeping
round in a north-
westerly
direction to the
south of Jerash,
and entering the
Jordan near
‘Succoth’ and
‘Adam.’
JABESH- Judg. xxi. Not identified 11 Six Roman miles
GILEAD 8, 14; 1 from Pella on the
Sam. xi. road to Gerasa
1–10; xxxi. (Onomasticon.)
11–13; 2 The name
Sam. ii. 4, survives in Wâdy
5; xxi. 12; el Yâbis, and
 1 Chr. x. possibly the ruin
11, 12 ed Deir marks
the site.
JABEZ 1 Chron. ii. Not identified — ‘Deir Abu Kabûs,
55 between Eshtaol
and Ashnah, has
been proposed
for this place.’
(Henderson’s
Handbook to
Students.) The
Arabic and
Hebrew have,
however, no
connection.

JABNEEL, or Josh. xv. Yebnah 13 One of the places

JABNEH 11; 2 on the northern
Chron. boundary of
xxvi. 6; 1 Judah. Now the
Macc. iv. village Yebnah,
15; v. 58; in Philistia. The
x. 69; xv. Jamnia of the
40; 2 1st Book of
Macc. xii. Maccabees.
8, 9, 40 (Mem. II. 441;
Sh. XVI.)

JABNEEL Josh. xix. Yemma* 6 Now the ruins

33 Yemma, 7 miles
south of Tiberias
in Naphtali.—
Conder’s
Handbook to the
Bible, p. 269.
(Mem. I. 365;
Sh. VI.)

JABNEH 2 Chr. xxvi. See Jabneel.

 6
JAGUR Josh. xv. 21 Not identified — Named with other
towns towards
the coast of
Edom.

JAHAZ Num. xxi. Not identified 10

23; Deut.
Identified as one
ii. 32;
town in Reuben.
Judg. xi.
‘Rujm el
20; Is. xv.
Makhsiyeh,’ north-
4; Jer.
east of Heshbon,
xlviii. 34
proposed by Capt.
JAHAZA Josh. xiii. Not identified — Conder. Eusebius
(R.V. JAHAZ) 18 (Onom) says it
existed in his day
JAHAZAH Josh. xxi. Not identified — between Medeba
(R.V. JAHAZ 36; Jer. and Dibon; but this
and JAHZAH) xlviii. 21 direction does not
appear correct.
JAHZAH 1 Chr. vi. Not identified —
(R.V. JAHZAH) 78

JAMNIA 1 Macc. iv. Yebnah 13 See Jabneel (1).

15; v. 58; Jamnites 2
x. 69; xv. Macc. xii. 9. (250
40 furlongs from
Jerusalem): the
distance in a
straight line is
about 29 English
miles.

JANOAH 2 Kings xv. Yânûh 6 Now the village

29 Yânûh, in the
mountains of
 Naphtali. (Mem.
I. 51, 96; Sh. I.)
JANOHAH Josh. xvi. 6, Yânûn 10 Named between
(R.V. JANOAH) 7 Taanath-shiloh
(Tana) and
Ataroth (not
recovered). Now
the village
‘Yânûn,’ or the
ruins on the hill
beyond it,
situated 7 miles
to the east of
Shechem, and
south of
Taanath-shiloh.
(Mem. II. 387;
Sh. XV.)

JANUM Josh. xv. 53 Beni Nʾaim 14 Mentioned

(R.V. JANUM) (?) between ‘Beth-
tappuah’ (Tuffuh)
and ‘Eshean’ (es
Simia). The
present village
‘Beni Nʾaim,’ 3
miles east of
Hebron. (Mem.
III. 325; Sh.
XXI.)

JAPHIA Josh. xix. Yâfa 6 Now the village

12 ‘Yâfa,’ south of
Nazareth, and
between
‘Chisloth-tabor’
and ‘Sarid’ in
Zebulon. (Mem.
I. 353; Sh. V.)
JAPHLETI Josh. xvi. 3 Not identified — On the south
(R.V. boundary of
JAPHLET­ITES) Ephraim. Not a
town name
according to the
R.V.
JAPHO Josh. xix. Yâfa 9 The seaport town
(R.V. JOPPA or 46 Yâfa in Dan. See
JAPHA) Joppa. (Mem. II.
254, 255, 275–
278; Sh. XIII.)
JAPHETH Judith ii. 25 Not identified — ‘Toward the
south, over
against Arabia.’
JARMUTH (1) Josh. x. 3, Kh. el Yarmûk 14 Named between
5, 23; xiii. ‘Enam’ (Kh. Wad
11; xv. 35; ʾAlin) and
Neh. xi. 29 ‘Adullam’ (Aid el
Mâ), now Kh. el
Yarmûk in
Judah. (Mem. III.
128; Sh. XVII.)

JARMUTH (2) Josh. xxi. Rameh (?)* — One of the cities

29 allotted to the
Levites out of
the tribe of
Issachar.
Compare with
Ramoth of 1 Chr.
vi. 73, and
Remeth of Josh.
xix. 21, evidently
all referring to
the one place.
The village ‘er
Rameh,’ north of
 Shechem, has
been proposed.
See Ramoth and
Remeth.—
Conder.
JASHUBI- 1 Chr. iv. 22 Not identified — Probably a place
LEHEM near to
‘Chozeba’ (Kh.
Kueizîba) in
Judah.
According to
Jerome (Quaest
Hebr.) and the
Targum on
Chronicles (ed.
Wilkins, 29, 30),
‘Jashubi-lehem
is Naomi and
Ruth, who
returned to
bread, or to
Beth-lehem after
the famine.’
JATTIR Josh. xv. Kh. ʾAttîr 14 In the mountains
48; xxi. named between
14; 1 ‘Shamir’ (Kh.
Sam. xxx. Somerah) and
27; 1 Chr. ‘Socoh’
vi. 57 (Shuweikeh).
Now Kh. ʾAttîr,
south of last.
(Mem. III. 408;
Sh. XXV.)

JAZER Num. xxxii. Beit Zerʾah 15 In the east of

1, 3, 35; (?)* Jordan
Josh. xiii. mentioned with
25; xxi. ‘Heshbon,’
39; 2 ‘Nimrah,’
Sam. xxiv. ‘Jogbehah,’ etc.,
5; 1 Chr. ‘their (Gad)
vi. 81; coast was Jazer’
xxvi. 31; (Josh. xiii. 25),
Is. xvi. 8, ‘Jazer of Gilead’
9; Jer. (1 Chr. xxvi. 31),
xlviii. 32; 1 ‘The sea of
Macc. v. 8 Jazer’ (Jer. xlviii.
32). Jazar (1
Macc. v. 8).
Jazer, according
to the
Onomasticon,
was known, and
Eusebius and
Jerome place it
10 Roman miles
west of
Philadelphia
(Amman), and
15 from
Heshbon. Two
sites were
discovered by
Seetzen in 1806
(Reisen, 1854,
397–8), ‘Khurbet
Sâr’ and ‘Sîr’
(the former 6½
English miles
west of Amman
and 10½ English
miles north of
Heshbon): the
latter (Sâr) 9
English miles
west of Amman,
and 9½ in a
 straight line or
14 by road north
of Heshbon.
Capt. Conder, in
the Eastern
Survey,
proposes the
ruin ‘Beit Zerah’
3 English miles
north of
Heshbon, and
10 south of
Amman. (Heth
and Moab and
Quarterly
Statement, p. 9,
1882.)
JEARIM, Mount Josh. xv. 10 The ridge on 14 On the northern
which Kesla boundary of
stands (?) Judah. ‘And the
border turned
about from
Baalah
westward unto
Mount Seir, and
passed along
unto the side of
Mount Jearim,
on the north (the
same is
Cheslon)’ the
modern Kesla 10
miles west of
Jerusalem.
JEBUSI or Josh. xviii. Jerusalem — The ancient name
JEBUS 16, 28; of Jerusalem.
(R.V. Judg. xix.
JEBUSITE) 10, 11; 1
 Chron. xi.
4, 5; 2
Sam. v. 6,
8
JEGAR- Gen. xxxi. — 11 See Mizpeh.
SAHADUTHA, 47
‘The Heap of
Witness' in
Aramaic
JEHOSAPHAT, Joel iii. 2, Wâdy Sitti 14 The name lingers
Valley of 12 Miriam at Shʾafat, a
village
immediately
north of
Jerusalem.
Generally
recognised as
the valley
between
Jerusalem and
Mount of Olives,
now called
‘Wâdy Sitti
Miriam,’ and
‘Wâdy Farʾaûn.’

JEHUD Josh. xix. el Yehûdîyeh 9 Now the village ‘el

45 Yehûdîyeh,’ 8
miles to the east
of Joppa, in Dan.
(Mem. II. 258;
Sh. XIII.)
JEKABZEEL Neh. xi. 25 Not identified — = Kabzeel. A town
in the extreme
south of Judah.
JEMNAAN Judith ii. 28 — — Probably Jabneel
or Jamnia—
 which see.
JERICHO Num. xxii. Erîha 14 ‘The city of palm
1; xxvi. 3, trees.’ The
63; xxxi. ancient site of
12; xxxiii. this town was
48, 50; probably at the
xxxiv. 15; mounds near
xxxv. 1; ‘ʾAin es Sultan.’
xxxvi. 13; (Mem. III. 173
Deut. and 222; Sh.
xxxii. 49; XVIII.) Herod’s
xxxiv. 1, 3; city was south of
Josh. ii. 1, these mounds
3; iii. 16; and the
iv. 13, 19; mediæval town
v. 10, 13; near the present
vi. 1, 2, village Erîha.
25, 26; vii.
2; viii. 2;
ix. 3; x. 1,
28, 30; xii.
9; xiii. 32;
xvi. 1, 7;
xviii. 12,
21; xx. 8;
xxiv. 11; 2
Sam. x. 5;
1 Kings
xvi. 34; 2
Kings ii. 4,
5, 15, 18;
xxv. 5; 1
Chron. vi.
78; xix. 5;
2 Chron.
xxviii. 15;
Ezra ii. 34;
Neh. iii. 2;
 vii. 36; Jer.
xxxix. 5;
lii. 8;
Judith iv.
4; Eccles.
xxiv. 14; 1
Macc. ix.
50; xvi. 11,
14; 2
Macc. xii.
15
JERUEL, The 2 Chron. Not identified — Near the ascent
Wilderness of xx. 16 of Ziz—‘Ye shall
find them at the
end of the valley
before the
wilderness of
Jeruel.’ Part of
the Jeshimon or
Wilderness of
Judea.

JERUSALEM Josh. x. 1– el Kuds esh 14 Now called ‘el

5; xii. 10; Sherîf Kuds esh
xv. 63; Sherîf.’ See
xviii. 28; Recovery of
Judg. i. 7, Jerusalem, and
8, 21; 1 Jerusalem Vol.
Sam. xvii.
54; 2
Sam. v. 6–
14; xxiv.
16; 1
Kings iii.
1; 2 Kings;
2 Chron.;
Ezra;
Neh.; etc.
JESHANAH 2 Chron. ʾAin Sînia* 10 Now the village
xiii. 19 ‘Ain Sînia,’ in the
valley north of
Bethel, as
proposed by M.
Clermont-
Ganneau.
JESHIMON Num. xxi. Desert west 14 The desert west
20; xxiii. of Dead Sea of the Dead Sea.
28; 1 The word is
Sam. xxiii. usually rendered
19, 24; ‘solitude.’
xxvi. 1, 3
JESHUA Neh. xi. 26 Kh. Sʾaweh 14 Named in a group
(?)* of towns with
Jekabzeel,
Moladah, Beer-
sheba, etc. etc.
Probably the
present ruin
‘Sʾaweh,’ east of
Beersheba.
(Mem. III. 409;
Sh. XXV.)—
Conder.

JETHLAH Josh. xix. Beit Tûl (??)* 14 In the group of

(R.V. ITHLAH) 42 towns, between
‘Ajalon’ and
‘Elon,’ in the
tribe of Dan. The
present ruin ‘Beit
Tûl’ has been
proposed by
Capt. Conder.
Shilta, 7 miles
east of Lydda,
has also been
 suggested by
Mr. C. F. T.
Drake. (Mem. III.
43; Sh. XVII.)
JEWRY 1 Esd. ii. 4; — Judah or Judea.
iv. 49; v. 7,
8, 57; vi.
1; viii. 81;
ix. 3
JEZREEL Josh. xix. Zerʾín 10 On the borders of
18; 1 Issachar next to
Sam. xxix. Chesulloth. Now
1, 11; 2 the modern
Sam. ii. 9; village Zerʾîn.
iii. 2; iv. 4; (Mem. II. 88; Sh.
1 Kings iv. IX.) Wine
12; xviii. presses were
45, 46; discovered by
xxi. 1, 23; the Survey Party
2 Kings south-east of the
viii. 29; ix. village.
10, 15, 17,
30, 37; x.
1–11; 2
Chr. xxii.
6; Hos. i.
4–11; ii.
22
JEZREEL, Josh. xvii. 6 Either part of the
Valley of 16; Judg. Great Plain of
vi. 33; Esdraelon, or
Hos. 1, 5 the open valley
running east
from Jezreel to
the Jordan
valley.
JEZREEL Josh. xv. Not identified — Between ‘Juttah’
56; 1 (‘Yutta’) and
Sam. xxv. Jokdeam (not
43; xxvii. known) in Judah.
3; xxx. 5;
2 Sam. ii.
2; iii. 2; 1
Chr. iii. 1
JIPHTAH Josh. xv. 43 Not identified — In the low country
of Judah.
Named between
‘Ashan’
(Aseileh?) and
‘Ashnah’
(Idhnah?)
JIPHTHAH-EL, Josh. xix. Not identified — A valley on the
the Valley of 14, 27 boundary
(R.V. IPHTAH- between ‘Asher’
EL) and ‘Zebulon.’
The discovery of
Dabbasheth
(which see)
points to the
great Wâdy el
Kurn as the
valley intended.
The Hebrew
means ‘opened
by God’ as
usually
rendered.
Robinson (iii.
107), suggests
that Jiphtah-el
was identical
with Jotapata
(Kh. Jefat), and
that ‘Wâdy
 ʾAbellîn,’ west of
it, represents the
valley, but Jefat
does not
represent the
Hebrew word.
JOGBEHAH Num. xxxii. el Jubeihat 11 Now the ruins of
35; Judg. ‘Jubeihat,’
viii. 11 between
‘Amman’ and ‘es
Salt.’ (Heth &
Moab.)
JOKDEAM Josh. xv. 56 Not identified 14 A city in the
mountains of
Judah named
with ‘Juttah’
(Yutta) ‘Jezreel’
(not known) and
‘Zanoah’
(Zanuta)

JOKMEAM 1 Chr. vi. Not identified — Another name for

68; 1 Kibzaim of
Kings iv. Joshua xxi. 22.
12 (R.V.)
JOKNEAM, of Josh. xii. Tell Keimûn 10 The ruins and
Carmel 22; xix. 11; mound now
xxi. 34 called Tell
Keimûn, on the
edge of the plain
of Esdraelon and
south of Mount
Carmel in
Zebulon. (Mem.
II. 69; Sh. VIII.)

JOKNEAM 1 Kings iv. Not identified — See Jokmeam.

(R.V. 12
JOKMEAM)
JOKTHEEL Josh. xv. 38 Kh. Kutlâneh 13 A town in the
(?) lowlands of
Judah. The ruin
‘Kutlâneh,’ 4
miles east of
Ekron, has been
proposed by
Conder (see
Handbook to the
Bible).

JOKTHEEL, 2 Kings xiv. Petra 28 = Selah. Probably

7 Petra.
JOPPA, JAPHO Josh. xix. Yâfa 9 The present town
46; 2 Chr. Yâfa. (Mem. II.
ii. 16; Ezra 254, 255, 275,
iii. 7; 278; Sh. XIII.)
Jonah i. 3
JOPPE 1 Esd. v. 9 Yâfa. See the
55; 1 preceding.
Macc. x.
75, 76; xi.
6; xii. 33;
xiii. 11; xiv.
5, 34; xv.
28, 35; 2
Macc. iv.
21; xii. 3,
7

JORDAN, River Gen. xiii. Nahr esh 10, Now called ‘Nahr
10; xxxii. Sherîʾah 14 esh Sherîʾah’
10; l. 10; (‘the watering-
Num. xiii. place’).
29; xxii. 1;
xxxii. 5;
xxxiii. 48;