Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Get Bonded by Fate Bonded by The Wolf 1 1st Edition Victoria Christine PDF Full Chapter
Get Bonded by Fate Bonded by The Wolf 1 1st Edition Victoria Christine PDF Full Chapter
https://ebookmeta.com/product/bonded-free-bonded-by-the-
wolf-2-1st-edition-victoria-christine/
https://ebookmeta.com/product/bonded-captive-bonded-by-the-
wolf-3-1st-edition-victoria-christine/
https://ebookmeta.com/product/bonded-by-thorns-1st-edition-
elizabeth-helen/
https://ebookmeta.com/product/bonded-fate-1st-edition-beck-
michaels/
Knot Bonded Unbonded Omegas 1 1st Edition Gwen Jody
https://ebookmeta.com/product/knot-bonded-unbonded-omegas-1-1st-
edition-gwen-jody/
https://ebookmeta.com/product/bonded-and-betrothed-fated-
pack-1-1st-edition-rachel-callahan/
https://ebookmeta.com/product/taunted-by-fate-fighting-
fate-1-1st-edition-michelle-ziegler/
https://ebookmeta.com/product/claimed-by-the-wolf-1st-edition-
mia-wolf-kayla-wolf/
https://ebookmeta.com/product/tricked-by-fate-fighting-
fate-2-1st-edition-michelle-ziegler/
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
sepulchre only the linen clothes of your formalism! How many
mask their cowardice under the name of love, and let every
abuse run riot on the plea of peace! How many others call their
hatred of individuals hatred of iniquity, and think to be righteous
cheaply by mere outcry against other men’s sins! Complaints like
these are not without their application nearer home.[65]
His zeal did not confine itself to words. In the year 1162 he was
made prior. Ervisius the abbot was a man of worldly spirit,
though his reputation had been high when he entered on his
office. He gradually relaxed all discipline, persecuted the God-
fearing brethren, and favoured flatterers and spies; he was a
very Dives in sumptuousness, and the fair name of St. Victor
suffered no small peril at his hands. The usual evils of broken
monastic rule were doubtless there, though little is specified—
canons going in and out, whither they would, without inquiry,
accounts in confusion, sacristy neglected, weeds literally and
spiritually growing in holy places, wine-bibbing and scandal
carried on at a lamentable rate, sleepy lethargy and noisy brawl,
the more shameful because unpunished. Ervisius was good at
excuses, and of course good for nothing else. If complaints were
made to him, it was always that cellarer, that pittanciar, or that
refectorarius—never his fault. These abuses must soon draw
attention from without. Richard and the better sort are glad. The
pope writes to the king about the sad accounts he hears.
Bishops bestir themselves. Orders come from Rome forbidding
the abbot to take any step without the consent of the majority of
the chapter. Richard’s position is delicate, between his vow of
obedience to his superior and the good of the convent. But he
plays his part like a man. An archbishop is sent to St. Victor to
hold a commission of inquiry. All is curiosity and bustle, alarm
and hope among the canons, innocent and guilty. At last,
Ervisius, after giving them much trouble, is induced to resign.
They choose an able successor, harmony and order gradually
return, and Richard, having seen the abbey prosperous once
more, dies in the following year.[66]
In the writings of Richard, as compared with those of Hugo, I find
that what belongs to the schoolman has received a more
elaborate and complex development, while what belongs to the
mystic has also attained an ampler and more prolific growth. All
the art of the scholastic is there—the endless ramification and
subdivision of minute distinctions; all the intellectual fortification
of the time—the redoubts, ravelins, counterscarps, and bastions
of dry, stern logic; and among these, within their lines and at last
above them all, is seen an almost oriental luxuriance of fancy
and of rhetoric—palm and pomegranate, sycamore and cypress,
solemn cedar shadows, the gloom in the abysses of the soul,—
luscious fruit and fragrant flowers, the triumphs of its ecstasy, all
blissful with the bloom and odours of the upper Paradise. He is a
master alike in the serviceable science of self-scrutiny, and in the
imaginary one of self-transcendence. His works afford a notable
example of that fantastic use of Scripture prevalent throughout
the Middle Age. His psychology, his metaphysics, his theology,
are all extracted from the most unlikely quarters in the Bible by
allegorical interpretation. Every logical abstraction is attached to
some personage or object in the Old Testament history, as its
authority and type. Rachel and Leah are Reason and Affection.
Bilhah and Zilpah are Imagination and Sense. His divinity is
embroidered on the garments of Aaron, engraven on the sides of
the ark, hung on the pins and rings of the tabernacle. His
definitions and his fancies build in the eaves of Solomon’s
temple, and make their ‘pendent bed and procreant cradle’ in the
carved work of the holy place. To follow the thread of his
religious philosophy, you have to pursue his agile and discursive
thoughts, as the sparrow-hawk the sparrow, between the
capitals, among the cedar rafters, over the gilded roof, from court
to court, column to column, and sometimes after all the chase is
vain, for they have escaped into the bosom of a cloud.[67]
On a basis similar to that of Hugo, Richard erects six stages of
Contemplation. The two first grades fall within the province of
Imagination; the two next belong to Reason; the two highest to
Intelligence. The objects of the first two are Sensibilia; of the
second pair, Intelligibilia (truths concerning what is invisible, but
accessible to reason); of the third, Intellectibilia (unseen truth
above reason). These, again, have their subdivisions, into which
we need not enter.[68] Within the depths of thine own soul, he
would say, thou wilt find a threefold heaven—the imaginational,
the rational, and the intellectual. The third heaven is open only to
the eye of Intelligence—that Eye whose vision is clarified by
divine grace and by a holy life. This Eye enjoys the immediate
discernment of unseen truth, as the eye of the body beholds
sensible objects. His use of the word Intelligence is not always
uniform. It would seem that this divinely-illumined eye of the
mind is to search first into the deeps of our own nature (inferiora
invisibilia nostra), and then upward into the heights of the divine
(superiora invisibilia divina).[69]
For the highest degrees of Contemplation penitence avails more
than science; sighs obtain what is impossible to reason. This
exalted intuition begins on earth, and is consummated in heaven.
Some, by divine assistance, reach it as the goal of long and
arduous effort. Others await it, and are at times rapt away
unawares into the heaven of heavens. Some good men have
been ever unable to attain the highest stage; few are fully winged
with all the six pinions of Contemplation. In the ecstasy he
describes, there is supposed to be a dividing asunder of the soul
and the spirit as by the sword of the Spirit of God. The body
sleeps, and the soul and all the visible world is shut away. The
spirit is joined to the Lord, and one with Him,—transcends itself
and all the limitations of human thought. In such a moment it is
conscious of no division, of no change; all contraries are
absorbed, the part does not appear less than the whole, nor is
the whole greater than a part; the universal is seen as particular,
the particular as universal; we forget both all that is without and
all that is within ourselves; all is one and one is all; and when the
rapture is past the spirit returns from its trance with a dim and
dizzy memory of unutterable glory.[70]
This account presents in some parts the very language in which
Schelling and his disciples are accustomed to describe the
privilege of Intellectual Intuition.
Atherton. I move thanks to Gower.
Willoughby. Which I second. It has been strange enough to see our
painter turn bookworm, and oscillating, for the last fortnight or more,
between the forest sunset on his easel and Atherton’s old black-letter
copy of Richard of St. Victor.
Gower. The change was very pleasant. As grateful, I should think,
as the actual alternation such men as Hugo and Richard must have
enjoyed when they betook themselves, after the lassitude that
followed an ecstasy, to a scholastic argumentation; or again
refreshed themselves, after the dryness of that, by an imaginative
flight into the region of allegory, or by some contemplative reverie
which carried them far enough beyond the confines of logic. The
monastic fancy found this interchange symbolized in the upward and
downward motion of the holy bell. Is it not in Longfellow’s Golden
Legend that a friar says—
The three heavens within the mind are described at length. (De
Contemp. lib. iii. cap. 8.) In the first are contained the images of all
things visible; in the second lie the definitions and principles of things
seen, the investigations made concerning things unseen; in the third
are contemplations of things divine, beheld as they truly are—a sun
that knows no going down,—and there, and there alone, the
kingdom of God within us in its glory.—Cap. x. fol 52.
The eye of Intelligence is thus defined (cap. ix.):—Intelligentiæ
siquidem oculus est sensus ille quo invisibilia videmus: non sicut
oculo rationis quo occulta et absentia per investigationem quærimus
et invenimus; sicut sæpe causas per effectus, vel effectus per
causas, et alia atque alia quocunque ratiocinandi modo
comprehendimus. Sed sicut corporalia corporeo sensu videre
solemus visibiliter potentialiter et corporaliter; sic utique intellectualis
ille sensus invisibilia capit invisibiliter quidem, sed potentialiter, sed
essentialiter. (Fol. 52.) He then goes on to speak of the veil drawn
over this organ by sin, and admits that even when illuminated from
above, its gaze upon our inner self is not so piercing as to be able to
discern the essence of the soul. The inner verities are said to be
within, the upper, beyond the veil. ‘It may be questioned, however,
whether we are to see with this same eye of Intelligence the things
beyond the veil, or whether we use one sense to behold the invisible
things which are divine, and another to behold the invisible things of
our own nature. But those who maintain that there is one sense for
the intuition of things above and another for those below, must prove
it as well as they can. I believe that in this way they introduce much
confusion into the use of this word Intelligence,—now extending its
signification to a speculation which is occupied with what is above,
and now confining it to what is below, and sometimes including both
senses. This twofold intuition of things above and things below,
whether we call it, as it were, a double sense in one, or divide it, is
yet the instrument of the same sense, or a twofold effect of the same
instrument, and whichever we choose, there can be no objection to
our saying that they both belong to the intellectual heaven.’ There is
certainly much of the confusion of which he complains in his own use
of the word,—a confusion which is perhaps explained by supposing
that he sometimes allows Intelligence to extend its office below its
proper province, though no other faculty can rise above the limits
assigned to it. Intelligence may sometimes survey from her altitude
the more slow and laborious processes of reason, though she never
descends to such toil.
He dwells constantly on the importance of self-knowledge, self-
simplification, self-concentration, as essential to the ascent of the
soul.—De Contemp. lib. iii. c. 3, c. 6; and on the difficulty of this
attainment, lib. iv. c. 6.
It is more healthful and nutritive to dig the earth, and to eat of her
fruits, than to stare upon the greatest glories of the heavens, and
live upon the beams of the sun: so unsatisfying a thing is rapture
and transportation to the soul; it often distracts the faculties, but
seldom does advantage piety, and is full of danger in the greatest
of its lustre.—Jeremy Taylor.