PALMR Final Coaching Exam – Atty.

Capili

6. The management function that involves

Situation: A professional nurse is assumed to
update herself about the profession to maintain determining the objectives of an organization and
competence in practice. The nursing management tasks needed to complete objectives is
process is a topic for both staff and head nurses. A. Staffing
B. Directing
1. This major function of the management process C. Planning
establishes formal authority. It defines qualifications D. Controlling
and also includes staffing:
A. Planning 7. Chief Nurse Vera and Nurse Supervisor Victoria
B. Organizing developed a five-year staff development plan. Which
C. Directing type of planning are they engaging in?
D. Controlling A. Strategic planning
B. Operational planning
2. On the other hand, this major function of the C. short range planning
management process actuates efforts towards the D. Visual planning
accomplishment of goals. It includes updating
policies and procedures: 8. Which plans extends from a few months to a
A. Planning year?
B. Organizing A. Strategic planning
C. Directing B. Operational planning
D. Controlling C. Short range planning
D. Visual planning
3. She noticed that policies and standard operating
procedures (SOP’s) are strictly implemented in the 9. Planning, technically, can be considered as long
hospital. What management function is this? term when the coverage ranges:
A. Planning
B. Organizing a. 1-3 years
C. Directing b. 3-5 years
D. Controlling c. 5-7 years
d. 7-10 years
4. Management process involves five functions which
follow the following sequence: 10. The purpose of organizational structure is to:
A. Planning, staffing, organizing, controlling, A. Have a written plan of organizational
directing structure of her governing bodies – NOT a
B. Planning, organizing, directing, staffing, plan
controlling B. Explain to each member the line of authority
C. Organizing, planning, directing, staffing, - Show but not explain
controlling C. Inform all her staff members of the
D. Planning, organizing, staffing, directing, philosophy and goals of the institution →
controlling Planning function
D. Provide mechanism through which
POSDC tasks are distributed among members
for goal realization
5. Which of the following statements about
management is true? Rationale: Organizing Structure → in Organizing
A. It focuses on clinical excellence Function → Work distribution
B. It tends to attract people who like quiet,
routine work without interruptions 11. When giving responsibilities to the staff members
C. It focuses on issues such as cost, she should consider the following:
productivity, effectiveness, and staffing A. Job description
D. It is synonymous with leadership B. Abilities of the staff – Strength only
C. Preference of the staff
D. Her own decision

Rationale: Delegate both strength
weaknesses
Situation: Jun is the new supervisor of the
medical-surgical unit with 40 bed capacity.
12. A critical component of the supervisory process is
delegation. Which of the following is the most
empowering to the staff?
A. Delegation starts at top management - X
B. Delegation frees the manager to do other
task
C. Effective delegation requires the nurse
manager to determine the abilities of the
staff - Evaluation and only determines the
abilities
D. Delegation enables the staff to improve
competence and confidence
Rationale: Letter C is in under evaluation function
and only determines the abilities. Dapat both
strength and weakness
13. Which task can be delegated to the nursing aid
when the patient is stable?
A. Administering tap water enema
B. Incorporating potassium chloride
intravenously – Licensed
C. Teaching patient to administer insulin –
Licensed → RNs: Health education / teaching
D. Taking CVP
Rationale: 4 pointers of Delegation
1. Consider the position → if Licensed or not
2. Ward → know where she came from and
san pupunta
3. Capabilities of the staff → which will
depend on the staff
4. Condition of the patient
In the situation
1. Not licensed
2. Skip the ward, since not licensed
3. Unlicensed → Simple tasks
4. Stable patient
TIP: We delegate the dirty tasks to your
unlicensed
14. A nurse manager assigned a registered nurse
from the telemetry unit to the pediatrics unit. There
were three patients assigned to the RN. Which of
the following patients should not be assigned to
the floated nurse?
A. A 9-year-old child diagnosed with rheumatic
fever
B. A young infant after pyloromyotomy
C. A 4-year-old with VSD following cardiac
and
catheterization
D. A 5-month-old with Kawasaki disease
Rationale: 4 pointers of Delegation
1. Licensed
2. Telemetry to pedia ward
3. Licensed → Balikan Ward na
pinanggalingan at alamin ang ginagawa
dun → telemetry → daily cardiac
monitoring
4. Condition → look for cardiac patients
A. 9-year-old child diagnosed with rheumatic fever
– CARDIAC PT → ASSIGN
B. young infant after pyloromyotomy – GI PT →
Do not assign
C. A 4-year-old with VSD following cardiac
catheterization → Cardiac Pt → ASSIGN
D. A 5-month-old with Kawasaki disease → Cardiac
Pt → Assign
15. The registered nurse is planning to delegate
tasks to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP). Which
of the following task could the registered nurse
safely assigned to a UAP?
A. Monitor the I&O of a comatose toddler client
with salicylate poisoning – Complicated
B. Perform a complete bed bath on a 2-year-old
with multiple injuries from a serious fall -
Complicated
C. Check the IV of a preschooler with Kawasaki
disease – Complicated needs strict monitoring
of I & O
D. Give an oatmeal bath to an infant with
eczema – bed baths
Rationale: 4 pointers of Delegation
1. Not licensed
2. Skip the ward, since not licensed
3. Unlicensed → Simple tasks
4. Unstable patient
16. A nurse in charge in the pediatric unit is absent.
The nurse manager decided to assign the nurse in
the obstetrics unit to the pediatrics unit. Which of
the following patients could the nurse manager
safely assign to the float nurse?
A. A child who had multiple injuries from a
serious vehicle accident
B. A child diagnosed with Kawasaki disease and
with cardiac complications – Cardiac – do not
assign
C. A child who has had a nephrectomy for
Wilms’ tumor – Surgery: Removal of kidney
→ Location of surgery : abdominal
D. A child receiving an IV chelating therapy for
lead poisoning → Toxicology
 Rationale: 4 pointers of Delegation
1. licensed
2. OB to pedia ward
3. Licensed → OB ward → Pregnant women
with or without complication, post-partum
patient NSD or CS, gyne cases
CS → Surgery → location of surgery →
abdominal
17. As the supervisor, you plan to implement change
in the nursing unit from team nursing to primary
nursing. You anticipate that there will be resistance
to change. In order to avoid such, which of the
following should be done?
A. Determine the need for change – the problem
is already given no need to determine need
for chainge
B. Confront the staff individually – should be
group
C. Develop the change one step at a time
D. Use coercion to implement change – X
Rationale:
Problem-Solving → Change Process:
1. Perceive the need for change
2. Initiate a group interaction – bring the
group together ★ – Key to problem solving
➔ The key – the group: need their
acceptance, support
➔ Meeting – planning : find the best
solution
3. Implement the plan, one step at a time /
gradually
4. Evaluate the overall results
➔ go back to the 2 aspects of directing
● Technical
● Interpersonal
TIP: if you see coercion, application of force,
intimidation → automatically wrong answer
18.The supervisor has implemented to change. A
nurse aide seems to be resistant to the change.
Which of the following should be done?
A. Ignore the resistance
B. Utilize coercion
C. Give reward to the nursing assistant
D. Talk to the nurse assistant and
encourage verbalization of feelings –
Interpersonal problem – verbalization
Rationale:
2 aspects of Directing
Technical - use of tasks, procedures, materials
and equipments
○ Problems with technical, hanapin mo sa board
exam:
★ show, teach, demonstrate, supervise, do /
perform the procedure with the nurse
Interpersonal - attitude, behaviors and styles of
direction
★ Verbalization of feelings
TIP: Palmer question, if you see the word ignore -
automatically wrong
19. As a medication nurse, you are tasked to give
digoxin to a patient with arrhythmia. You noticed
that the heart rate is 40 beats per minute and the
potassium level is below normal. The physician
orders digoxin STAT. An assertive response of the
nurse should be:
A. “I think we have first to monitor the
patient’s cardiac rate before giving the
drug.”
B. “I don’t want to carry out your order”
C. “Don’t you know the precaution for giving this
drug?”
D. “Yes doctor. I will give it right now.”
Rationale:
Styles of direction giving
★ ASSERTIVENESS - hindi mayabang mag utos
& dapat therapeutic
20. Determining the standard of the institution is one
of the concerns in controlling. When the institution
has reached the minimum level of excellence, it
should:
A. Be contented on the result of the evaluation
B. Do something to improve the standard
C. Help maintain the standard of the institution
D. Publish the result to the publication
Rationale:
Controlling
– Evaluating / Reviewing / Checking / Determining
/ Comparing
4 Basic Steps
1. Develop standards and criteria - basis of
evaluation
★ Basta controlling, evaluation → ang sagot ay
always STANDARD
3 Types of Standards (SPO)
Structure - facilities, equipments, materials and
management system (Manager)
Process - includes plans and procedures (Nurse)
Outcome - results
2. Determine compliance to standard and
criteria
2 Types of Evaluation
Nursing audit - patient focused
● concurrent – record immediately
● retrospective - patient’s chart
Performance appraisal - staff focused
● informal - incidental
 B. Use a problem-solving strategy – General
● formal - systematic
answer
C. Gain early support from staff – Specific
3. Identify Strengths and Weaknesses
answer
● should be both
D. Conduct staff re-education – will not solve the
problem
4. Act to reinforce strengths and to take
corrective actions on the weaknesses
● go back to the 2 aspects of directing Rationale:
Problem-Solving → Change Process:
TIP: If there are two options in the board exam 1. Perceive the need for change
2. Initiate a group interaction – bring the
that appears to have the same meaning, both of
group together ★ – Key to problem solving
them are wrong answers ➔ The key – the group: need their
acceptance, support
21. When conducting nursing audit, the following ➔ Meeting – planning : find the best
solution
must be considered EXCEPT:
3. Implement the plan, one step at a time /
A. Outcome gradually
B. Quality 4. Evaluate the overall results
C. Process ➔ go back to the 2 aspects of directing
D. Structure ● Technical → show / demonstrate
● Interpersonal → verbalization
Rationale:
3 Types of Standards (SPO)
● Structure - facilities, equipments, 25. This is a factor influencing acceptance of staff for
materials and management system change:
(Manager) A. Externally imposed - X
● Process - includes plans and procedures B. Share its benefits - X
(Nurse) C. Staff participants - Kasama mo naman na ang
● Outcome - results staff, the question ask what influences the
acceptance
D. Planned ahead
22. The most effective way in conducting the
nursing audit is to: Rationale:
A. Evaluate the records of the patient Problem-Solving → Change Process:
1. Perceive the need for change
B. Determine the job description of the staff
2. Initiate a group interaction – bring the
C. Evaluate staffing patternS group together ★ – Key to problem solving
D. Determine job performance ➔ The key – the group: need their
acceptance, support
Rationale:
➔ Meeting – Planning : find the best
2 Types of Evaluation
solution
Nursing audit - patient focused 3. Implement the plan, one step at a time /
Performance appraisal - staff focused gradually
4. Evaluate the overall results
➔ go back to the 2 aspects of directing
Situation: As a nurse in charge, you noted that a ● Technical → show / demonstrate
lot of confusion occurs in your unit due to some ● Interpersonal → verbalization
disorganization. You decided to improve work
performance.
26. These are important qualities of a change agent
except:
23. A deliberate course of action that results in A. Leadership skills ✓
alteration of something different in a nursing unit is B. Sociability
referred to as: C. Credibility ✓
A. Change management D. Management skills ✓
B. Nursing care Systems
C. Specialty certification 27. Having to deal with a lot of people, the nurse
D. Nursing process manager’s most important communication skill is
which of the following?
24. When resistance threatens needed change, what A. Questioning
important measure would you use to overcome the B. Assertiveness – only be used if you can talk
resistance? to your staff (sending direct messages)
A. Send a memorandum of change – letter – C. Affirmation
abrupt, should be gradual D. Listening

Rationale:
Best skill – Listening
Best style – assertiveness
28. An old ventilator often malfunctions and has
inefficiencies resulting from the speed of the
equipment or downtime (amount of time it is out of
service for repairs). The organization decided to
purchase new technology because the old one is too
expensive to maintain. What type of budget is
allotted for the equipment?
A. Operational budget
B. Capital Budget - long term-use
C. Construction budget - included in capital
budget
D. Any of the above
Rationale:
Budget
Focus: Revenues and expeneses or income and
costs
1. Capital budget - long - term use
2. Operational - day to day, consumable
materials, salary of part time workers
3. Personnel - salary of full time workers
4. Cash - always available, emergency uses
29. A project would need physical expansion of the
hospital so that a mammography unit will be
included. However, the Hospital Director suggested
to include this in 2023 budget planning for reason
that this type of budget is considered in:
A. Operational budget
B. Capital expenditure budget
C. Cash budget
D. Flexible budget
30. Nurse Laila is the project head for a feeding
program; she requested extra funds in anticipation
for fluctuations in resource needs or meet
contingency expenses. This type of budget is called:
A. Operational budget
B. Capital expenditure budget
C. Cash budget
D. Flexible budget
31. Which of the following is NOT included in the
Operational budget?
A. Repairs and maintenance
B. Medical/surgical supplies
C. Purchase of a major equipment - Capital
budget
D. Purchase of consumable materials
32. An operational budget is a financial tool that
outlines anticipated revenue and expenses over a
specified period. Which of the following are incorrect
regarding budget?
A. The budget translates operational plans into
financial and statistical terms so that income
can be projected with associated costs
B. Budget serve as standards to plan,
monitor, and evaluate the performance
of a health care system
C. Budget account for the relationship of income
to the expenses needed to deliver the
services
D. All of the above
Rationale:
Tip: If you see all of the above in the board exam
it is 80% the answer
33. Which among the following is the purpose of
monitoring a budget?
A. Keep expenses above budget
B. Maintain revenue above the previous year’s
budget
C. Ensure revenue is generated monthly
D. Generate revenue and control expenses
within a projected framework
Rationale:
Focus of Budget: Revenues and expenses or
income and costs
● pag isa lang ang lumabas, wrong
34. Mr. Cabrido gives strong orders, makes decisions
and thinks less of his subordinates. He is a leader
who is:
A. Autocratic - leader-focused
B. Laissez-faire
C. Democratic
D. Bureaucratic
Rationale:
STYLES OF LEADERSHIP
COMMON STYLE
● AUTOCRATIC - leader-focused,
best time to use in emergency
● DEMOCRATIC - members have a voice,
leader is a facilitator
best time to use: compliance
● LAISSEZ-FAIRE - staff-focused
leader monitors
best time to use: when members are
matured
BUREAUCRATIC - rules and regulations, by the
book
35. When the situation calls for compliance of the
followers to ensure the success of the activity, the
best leadership style that Nurse Beng will use is:
 A. Laissez-faire
B. Autocratic
C. Democratic
D. Authoritative
36. A leader who defers decision making to his or her
followers is called what type of leader?
A. Laissez-faire - member-focused
B. Democratic
C. Autocratic
D. Employee-centered
37. What kind of communication style should a nurse
manager possess?
A. Passive
B. Assertive
C. Aggressive
D. Sarcastic
38. The morning supervisor was visiting the ward
when the doctor of a patient complained to her
about the staff nurse who failed to give the “stat”
medication. Applying the principle of “line of
authority”, you expected the supervisor to first:
A. Reassure the patient that next time the nurse
will not miss the medication - Lose the trust
of the patient
B. Report the incident to the chief nurse - the
question is about complain
C. Ask the staff nurse to explain the incident
D. Talk to you as the head nurse about the
doctor’s complaint - Head nurse →
immediate superior
Rationale:
Scalar Chain
● Reporting relationship – immediate
superior
● Complaint – address the complaint
immediate superior of the person you are
complaining
39. You delegate to the nursing assistant the task of
taking the client’s vital signs every 2 hours and
recording the vital signs in the patient’s chart. Later
you check the client’s chart and discover that the
vital signs have not been recorded. What is your
BEST action?
A. Take the vital signs because it is not the
nursing assistant’s scope of practice
B. Speak to the nursing assistant privately
to determine why the vital signs were
not recorded
C. Notify the head nurse
D. Call the nursing assistant to the nurses’
station to reprimand
Rationale:
Delegation
TECHNICAL - use of tasks, procedures, materials
and equipments
★ teach, demonstrate, supervise, do / perform the
procedure with the nurse
INTERPERSONAL - attitude, behaviors and
styles of direction giving Problems with:
○ Attitude and Behavior
★ Verbalization of feelings
The question has problem with interpersonal –
encourage verbalization.
40. Several nurses complain to the nurse manager
that one of the nursing aides constantly takes
extensive lunch breaks. The nurse manager should:
A. Convene a group meeting of all nursing aides
to review their responsibilities related to time
management. – X
B. Talk with nursing aide to explore the
reasons for the behavior and review
expectations
C. Arrange a meeting with the nurse so they can
confront the nursing aide as a group
D. Document the nursing aide’s behavior and
place it in the aide’s personnel file – This is
okay, if the pt is doing it repeatedly, but this
is after you talk to the staff
Rationale: Delegation
If the problem is between a group → initiate a
group interaction
If the problem is with a staff (1) → talk
individually - verbalization
Situation: As a supervisor you are confronted
with several problems arising from various causes
or reasons. It ranks from Administration – clinical
– personnel, which later resulted to conflict. You
tried to find means to resolve it.
41. You should therefore consider that the following
means can be utilized in resolving conflict, EXCEPT:
A. Making a compromise
B. Reporting - unreliable
C. Majority rule
D. Smoothing
42. When conflicts arise in the unit, the best thing
that the unit manager should do is:
A. Discuss with the situation with the
group and make a move to resolve it.
B. Ignore the situation
C. Give warning to staff
D. Recommend shifting of the staff

Key in problem solving: Initiate a group
interaction
43. Desirable goals for a nurse manager include all of
the following EXCEPT: (-)
A. Select a style of leadership that works
best for the individual and to practice it
exclusively – Not possible, also not based
on individual, it is based on situation
B. Use a style of leadership that promotes high
– level work performance - Contingency
Theory
C. Use a style of leadership that creates the
least amount of disruption – Contingency
Theory
D. Adopt a leadership style that best suits the
task to be accomplished – Contingency
Theory
Contingency Theory – a leadership style may or
may not be effective depending on the situation
44. Katherine tells one of the staff, “I don’t have time
to discuss the matter with you now. See me in my
office later” when the latter asks if they can talk
about an issue. Which of the following conflict
resolution strategies did she use?
A. Smoothing
B. Compromise
C. Avoidance
D. Restriction
45. She notes that there is an increasing unrest of
the staff due to fatigue brought about by shortage of
staff. Which action is a priority?
A. Evaluate the overall result of the unrest
B. Initiate a group interaction
C. Develop a plan and implement it
D. Identify external and internal forces.
46. Kathleen knows that one of her staff is
experiencing burnout. Which of the following is the
best thing for her to do?
A. Advise her staff to go on vacation. - this is
okay
B. Ignore her observations; it will be resolved
even without intervention
C. Remind her to show loyalty to the institution.
D. Let the staff ventilate her feelings and
ask how she can be of help.
Problem with Interpersonal → Verbalization
47. St. Raphael Medical Center just opened its new
Performance Improvement Department. Ms. Valencia
is appointed as the Quality Control Officer. She
commits herself to her new role and plans her
strategies to realize the goals and objectives of the
department. Which of the following is a primary task
that they should perform to have an effective
control system?
A. Make an interpretation about strengths and
weaknesses
B. Identify the values of the department
C. Identify structure, process, outcome
standards & criteria
D. Measure actual performances
CONTROLLING → Standards
3 types of Standards: Structure, Process, Outcome
48. Ms. Valencia develops the standards to be
followed. Among the following standards, which is
considered as a structure standard?
A. The patients verbalized satisfaction of the
nursing care received - Outcome
B. Rotation of duty will be done every four
weeks for all patient - Structure (Manager)
C. All patients shall have their weights taken
recorded - Process (Nurse)
D. Patients shall answer the evaluation form
before discharge - Outcome
3 Types of Standards (SPO)
● Structure - facilities, equipments,
materials and management system
(Manager)
● Process - includes plans and procedures
(Nurse)
● Outcome - results
49. She knows that performance appraisal
consists of all the following activities EXCEPT: (-)
A. Setting specific standards and activities for
individual performance. ✓
B. Using agency standards as a guide.✓
C. Determine areas of strength and
weaknesses✓
D. Focusing activity on the correction of
identified behavior. - only weakness
Evaluation → STANDARDS
Performance appraisal - staff focused
● informal - incidental
● formal - systematic
50. Which of the following statements is NOT true
about performance appraisal?
A. Informing the staff about the specific
impressions of their work help improve their
performance. – Review Session
B. A verbal appraisal is an acceptable substitute
for a written report - Incidental
C. Patients are the best source of
information regarding personnel
appraisal.
D. The outcome of performance appraisal rests
primarily with the staff.
Patients are also a source of performance
appraisal, but they are not the best source
● Best source: Observation
C. Structure
D. Criteria
54. Ms. Valencia prepares the process standards.
Which of the following is NOT a process standard? -
a. Initial assessment shall be done to all patients
within twenty-four hours upon admission. – Process
- Nurse
b. Informed consent shall be secured prior to any
invasive procedure – Process - Nurse
c. Patients’ reports 95% satisfaction rate prior
to discharge from the hospital. – Outcome
d. Patient education about their illness and treatment
shall be provided for all patients and their families. -
Process - Nurse
55. Which of the following is evidence that the
controlling process is effective?

51. There are times when Katherine evaluates her a. The things that were planned are done
staff as she makes her daily rounds. Which of the b. Physicians do not complain.
following is NOT a benefit of conducting an informal c. Employees are contended
appraisal? d. There is an increase in customer satisfaction rate.
- We do not dependent on satisfaction of patient, our
A. The staff member is observed in a natural basis is STANDARDS
setting.
B. Incidental confrontation and collaboration are
Controlling - Seeing to it that what is planned is
allowed.
done
C. The evaluation is focused on objective
data systematically.
D. The evaluation may provide valid information 56. Nurse Mary is the head nurse and tells Nurse
for compilation of a formal report. Fatima her staff nurse what to do. What kind of
communication is this?
Performance appraisal - staff focused
a. Upward communication
● informal - incidental
b. Downward communication
● formal - systematic
c. Lateral communication
d. Diagonal communication
52. She conducts a 6-month performance review
session with a staff member. Which of the following
Organizational Structures
actions is appropriate?
1. Levels of authority
2. Lines of communication
A. She asks another nurse to attest the session
> Solid line – within the communication
as a witness.
- Vertical communication (patayo)
B. She informs the staff that she may ask
● Upward (from baba) –
another nurse to read the appraisal before
Reporting
the session is over.
● Downward (from taas) –
C. She tells the staff that the session is manager
Delegation
centered. - staff-focused
- Horizontal / Lateral
D. The session is private between the two
● Occurs within the same
members.
position, same department
- Diagonal
Option A, B have the same meaning – Wrong. ● Different departments
Option C states manager-centered but ● OR → DR
Performance appraisal is staff-focused. > Broken line – outside
3. Span of control
53. When she presents the nursing procedures to
be followed, she refers to what type of standards? 57. Nurse Jane is coordinating with the OR
A. Process department for a scheduled surgery of one of her
B. Outcome patients. This kind of communication is?

a. Upward Communication
b. Grapevine
c. Diagonal Communication
d. Lateral Communication
58. When responsibilities have to be delegated to the
member, the manager must:
a. Ensure that the member is capable of doing
the task
b. Supervise the new members all the time – X
c. Perform the task based on the acceptable
standard – X (ikaw na magdelegate ikaw pa gagawa
XD)
d. Let the member write an accident report in case of
mistakes – X
TIP: If you’re having two thoughts between 2
answers, always go back to the problem → ask
self ano ang hinahanap
59. He was asked how the staff will be evaluated. He
probably will show them the following EXCEPT:
a. Performances Evaluation sheet
b. Performance Checklist
c. Ranking Device
d. Nursing Audit
60. Performance appraisal consists of the following
activities, EXCEPT:
a. Setting specific standards for individual
performances ✓
b. Determining areas of strength and weakness ✓
c. Focusing the criticisms made for the staff -
Criticism - Weakness (should be strength and
weakness)
d. Basis of determining progression or
deterioration✓
Situation: Jun just received his appointment
paper as permanent employee. He was told by the
head nurse that it was his loyalty, commitment,
competence, and caring attitude that contributed
to his present appointment.
61. Which response describes Jun as an assertive
person?
a. “I am used to this. I am born a winner.” - yabang
ni lods
b. “I don’t know why I became permanent. Probably
they like me.” - yabang din ni lods
c. “Thank you. I hope I will be able to
contribute to the goals of the department.” ✓
d. “I expected this to happen. I know I did my best.”
- HAHAHHA
62. The nurse revised the system for the delivery of
nursing care which is referred to as:
a. Patient Classification system
b. Variable staffing
c. Pattern of nursing care
d. Scheduling
Nursing Care System – system that is used to
deliver nursing care
Or Modalities of Nursing Care or Patterns of
Nursing Care
● Case Nursing or Case Method – total care
nursing
○ 1:1
○ Private Duty Nursing
○ Ideal used in the ICU (but not
common practice)
● Functional - ​tasks are delegated among
the staff
○ Act according to function
● Team Nursing – group of nurses assigned
to a group of patients where in there is a
team leader
○ Team leaders assess the situation
and delegates tasks
● Primary Nursing – 24 hour continuous
coordinated comprehensive nursing service
of 5-6 patients from admission to discharge
○ 1:5 or 6 (maximum)
○ Primary nurse – kung kanino
naendorse
○ Associate primary nurse – kapalit ng
primary nurse
○ Reliever – pag off primary at
associate primary
○ Primary Nurse – responsible for
creating the NCP
○ Cannot be altered by the associate
except if there is changes in the
patient’s condition provided that he
will report it to the primary
○ Ideal used in the ward
● Modular Nursing – combination of team
and primary nursing
○ Group of nurses assigned to a group
of patients responsible for 24 hours
nursing care
○ Geographical assignment of
patients
○ Take care of patients or case finding
○ Used in disasters or crisis
● Case Management – utilizing the
healthcare delivery system wherein the
goals are:
○ deliver quality care
○ to promote the quality of life
○ Focus is long term treatment

○ Rehabilitation Centers and
Psychiatric Facilities
○ to decrease fragmentation
○ Decrease feeling of isolation and to
contain cost
○ cost effective
○ Utilized in nursing homes
63. A new nursing graduate is attending an agency
orientation regarding the nursing model of practice
implemented in the facility. The nurse is told that the
nursing model is team nursing approach. The nurse
understands that planning of care delivery will be
based on which characteristic of this type of nursing
model of practice?
a. A task approach method is used to provide care to
clients – FUNCTIONAL
b. A single registered nurse (RN) is responsible for
providing nursing care to a group of clients -
PRIMARY NURSING
c. Managed care concepts and tools are used in
providing client care - CASE MANAGEMENT
d. Nursing personnel are led by an RN leader
in providing care to a group of clients
64. Jun was assigned to take care of 5 to 6 patients
from admission to discharge. The system is:
a. Primary nursing
b. Team nursing
c. Nursing case management
d. Modular nursing
65. One of his patients who have a chronic
hypertensive vascular disease asked Jun if he can be
available to take care of her even before admission
and even after discharge. What system does the
patient refers to?
a. Case method – 1:1
b. Team nursing
c. Nursing case management
d. Primary nursing
66. Which pattern of nursing care involves the care
given by a group of paraprofessional workers led by
a professional nurse who take care of patients with
the same disease conditions and are located
geographically near each other?
a. Case method
b. Nursing case management
c. Modular nursing
d. Team nursing
67. The most traditional method of nursing care
delivery is:
a. Case method – OLDEST METHOD
b. Functional method
c. Team nursing
d. Primary nursing
68. A mother requested for a nurse to take care of
her daughter who has systemic lupus erythematosus
at home. What patient assignment supports this?
a. Primary
b. Functional
c. Case method
d. Team nursing
69. You noticed that one of the senior nurses is
assigning a patient care based on the concept of
allocation of specific duties to her staff nurses.
This would be a characteristic of:
a. Case method nursing
b. Primary Nursing
c. Functional Nursing -PER FUNCTION
d. Team Nursing
70. The nurse in the medication unit passes the
medications for all the clients on the nursing unit.
The head nurse is making rounds with the physician
and coordinates clients’ activities with other
departments. The nurse assistant changes the bed
lines and answers call lights. A second nurse is
assigned for changing wound dressings; a licensed
practitioner nurse takes vital signs and bathes the
clients. This illustrates of what method of nursing
care?
a. Case management method
b. Primary nursing method
c. Team method
d. Functional method - PER FUNCTION
Situation: The practice of primary nurse in
primary nursing is preferred by many nurses
because it supports professional autonomy and
accountability of the nurses
71. What is the function of the primary nurse in
primary nursing?
a. acts as patient advocate and coordinate the health
care team for specific group of patients - Registered
nurses are the advocate of all patients
b. act as the charge nurse, organizing staff
assignments and help in solving problem in the unit -
not going to act as a charge nurse
c. plans and coordinate the patient care
assigned to her from admission to discharge
d. coordinates the care given to a group of patients
by support staff
72. Primary nursing is MOST advantageous and
satisfying to the patient and nurse because of which
Ultimate Goal of nursing research: To improve
of the following principles?
the practice of NURSING
- Client care
a. autonomy and authority for planning care are best
- Patient Care
delegated to a nurse - Nurse lang
- Nursing Care
b. accountability is clearest since our nurse is
- Healthcare
responsible for the overall plan and implementation
of care - Nurse lang
c. the holistic approach provides for a 77. MJ was asked to identify a problem. After the
therapeutic relationship continuity of care and identification of the research problem, which of the
efficient nursing care - Both are involved following should be done
d. continuity of patients care promotes efficient
nursing care. – Patient only will be satisfied a. Methodology
b. Formulate hypothesis
73. Which is the role of the associate nurse in c. Review of related literature
primary nursing? d. Acknowledgement

a. over-all manager of the unit – Head nurse ● Identification of research problem

b. responsible for the over-all care of the ● Review of related literature
patient during off days of primary nurse ● Formulate Hypotheses
c. patient advocate in the health care team ● Methodology (phase 2)
d. coordinator of comprehensive, holistic patient care ● Acknowledgement

74. In primary nursing, the nurse is responsible for

78. Which of the following methods allows the use
which of the following group of patients?
of any group of research subject?
a. the whole ward
a. Snowball
b. small group of patients like 3-5 patients
b. Convenience - readily available
c. big group of patients like 10-15 patients
c. Quota
d. the whole unit
d. Purposive
75. In primary nursing who among the following is
needed to her leadership and quality control in the Non-Probability
ward? - Non-random (may idea)
a. the chief nurse - No everyone has a chance
b. the head nurse 1. Convenience – samples are readily available
c. the nurse supervisor 2. Quota – there is limit
d. the service director 3. Purposive – Judgemental, samples are
handpicked
Situation: MJ is chosen to be a part of the
research team of the hospital and as a researcher 4. Snowball - referrals
she made a review of the following important
nursing concepts was made. Probability
- random (walang idea)
76. As a professional nurse, MJ knows that a nurse - everyone has a chance
can do research for varied reason except:(-) 1. Simple - no grouping, everyone is included
2. Stratified - there is a grouping, has basis,
a. To improve nursing care - ULTIMATE GOAL grouped according to certain characteristics
b. For financial gains 3. Cluster - big grouping but has no basis
c. Professional advancement through research 4. Systematic - kth of the list
participants - PROFESSIONALISM
d. To validate results of new nursing modalities - 79. He checks if his instruments meet the criteria for
RESEARCH AND DECISION MAKING evaluation. Which of the following criteria refers to
the consistency or the ability to yield the same
Importance of Research in Nursing response upon its repeated administration?
● Professionalism - enhance the profession
● Accountability - increase accountability a. Validity
● Social Relevance - contribute to society b. Reliability
● Research and Decision Making c. Sensitivity
d. Objectivity

Criteria used to Known Effectivity
Validity - measure what is supposed to be
measured
● kung ano man ang gagamitin mo, or yung
tool is masasagot or iaaddress yung
research problem mo
Reliability - consistency or the repeatability of
the tool
● kahit ilang beses binigay yung tool, same
results / same response paren dapat =
Reliable
Sensitivity - able to detect small variations or find
differences
80. Which criteria refer to the ability of the
instrument to detect fine differences among the
subjects being studied?
a. Sensitivity
b. Reliability
c. Validity
d. Objectivity
81. Which of the following terms refer to the degree
to which an instrument measures what it is supposed
to be measure?
a. Validity
b. Reliability
c. Meaningfulness
d. Sensitivity
82. If a person participating in a research study
refuses to continue participating, what should a
nurse do?
a. Respect his right to refuse
b. Respect his right but tell him you will withhold
treatment - only thing that should be withheld is the
procedure done in the research
c. Respect his right but do not give his honorarium -
X
d. Refer the matter to the author of the study - sige
sumbong mo sa sarili mo hahaha
Accept but without condition → Participants have
their right to determination: AUTONOMY
83. Which among the following is the most important
characteristic of a sample?
a. Location
b. Randomization
c. Representativeness
d. Appropriate number
Samples - Representative
#1 characteristic of a sample →
REPRESENTATIVENESS / REPRESENTATION
84. A researcher does review of related literature for
the purpose of:
a. answering the research question - only gives idea
b. to identify if problem can be replicated - you
cannot replicate the questions – against novelty
(newness of idea)
c. gathering data about what is already known
or unknown about the problem
d. determine statistical treatment of data research
Reviewing the related literature (RRL) - to get idea
and background of the study
85. The device or techniques an investigator employs
to collect data is called?
a. Instrument / Tools
b. Hypothesis
c. Sample
d. Concept
86. The use of another person’s ideas or wordings
giving appropriate credit results from inaccurate
attribution of materials to its sources. Which of the
following is referred to when another person’s idea is
inappropriate credited as one’s own?
a. Paraphrase
b. Quotation
c. Assumption
d. Plagiarism
Assumption - facts generally accepted as true
and correct and need not be tested
- eto yung tinatanggap ng karamhihan ng
tama so hindi na itetest
87. A patient is participating in a cardiac study in
which his physician is directly involved. Which
statement by the patient indicates a lack of
understanding about his rights as a research study
participant? (-)
a. “I can withdraw from the study anytime” -✓ Right
to self determination
b. “I’ll have to find a new physician if I don’t
complete this study” - The treatment and the
research should be separated
c. “My confidentiality will not be compromised in this
study” – ✓Right to confidentiality
d. “I understand the risk associated in this study” -
✓right to Full disclosure
88. You decided to include 5 barangays in your
3. Next, Look for manipulation → if may
municipality and chose a sampling method that
binibigay sa subjects →
would get representative samples from each
EXPERIMENTAL - random subjects
barangay. What should be the appropriate method
QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL - non-random subjects
for you to use in this care?
4. If there’s no quality census and no manipulation
a. Systematic sampling
DESCRIPTIVE - eto na sagot pag wala na yung
b. Cluster sampling
dalawa
c. Stratified sampling
A. Descriptive - describe
d. Random sampling
B. Descriptive Correlational - relationship
C. Descriptive Comparative - comparison
Is there a grouping? Yes
Barangay - Historical: past issues
→ not a characteristic, - Case Study: case, in depth study
→ A big group - Methodological: methods and procedure
- Analysis: issues and events (present)
89. When a researcher in a qualitative study
chooses the participants based on what they may 92. The independent variable in said study is:
be able to contribute to the study, the sampling a. Social class
method selected is called as: b. Children
c. Age - X
a. Cluster sampling d. Nutritional status
b. Quota sampling
c. Snowball sampling
INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT VARIABLE
d. Purposive sampling - handpicked
1. Identify the population, including all of their
characteristics
90. The information that an investigator collects
2. Identify Sets
from the subjects or participants in a research study
● 2 or more sets - focus on characteristics
is usually called:
that differentiates them, that is
automatically the INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
a. Concept
● 1 set only
b. Variable
○ characteristic has no sense
c. Hypothesis
○ GO back to the question
d. Data
○ Ask WHAT IS BEING STUDIED
- FIXED : independent variable
*The information that an investigator assumes from
- VARYING : dependent variable
the subjects or participants in a research study is
usually called → HYPOTHESIS
Tip: all manipulation is automatically the
independent variable
91. Which of the following quantitative research
designs is most appropriate if Noel, a nurse
investigator assigned in a City Health Office, is 93. While the dependent variable is:
interested to determine the relationship between a. Social class
social class and nutritional status of children under 6 b. Children
years of age living in Metro Manila? c. Age
d. Nutritional status
a. Case control - also a study of a case,
b. Descriptive correlational 94. Which is the best tool for data gathering for this
c. Experimental study?
d. Quasi-experimental a. Interview schedule
b. Questionnaire
c. Observation
RESEARCH DESIGN
d. Use of physiologic measurement
1. Look for the opinion→“Quality”/census →
EXPLORATORY / SURVEY
2. Check your options → Tanggalin mo na agad if Basis of nutritional status: BMI
wala ang keywords ng exploratory eliminate kasi You can get it accurately with equipments and
most of the time wala ang exploratory sa gadgets (Physiological measurement)
options
95. The sampling method that is most appropriate to
give each element of the population the probability
to be included in the study, “Relationship between
social class and nutritional status of children under 6
years of age living in Metro Manila”, is:
a. Simple random sampling - no grouping
b. Systematic sampling
c. Stratified sampling
d. Cluster sampling
96. Since Metro Manila is a big area for the study,
Noel can do successive random sampling to choose
the district from where he can eventually select the
study sample. This type of sampling is:
a. Simple random sampling
b. Systematic sampling
c. Stratified sampling
d. Cluster sampling
Is there a grouping? Yes
District
→ not a characteristic,
→ A big group: Cluster Sampling
97. The nutritional status of children in the study,
“Relationship between social class and nutritional
status of children under 6 years of age living in
Metro Manila”, is determined by ‘weight by age’.
Weight is an example of what level of measurement?
a. Nominal
b. Ordinal
c. Interval
d. Ratio
4 Levels of measurement
1. Nominal - categorical: Name the category
Gender, Marital status
2. Ordinal - categorical: Ranking
Student level grades
3. Interval - numerical: 0 is not absolute
Temperature
4. Ratio - numerical: 0 is absolute
Height, Weight, Weekly food spending
98. The sex of the children included in the study,
“Relationship between social class and nutritional
status of children under 6 years of age living in
Metro Manila”, will be classified as male and
female. This measurement is:
a. Nominal
b. Ordinal
c. Interval
d. Ratio
99. The social class variable includes “education”
with the possible choices given as:
The above set of choices is an example of what level
of measurement?
a. Nominal
b. Ordinal
c. Interval
d. Ratio
100. Which of the following studies is based on
quantitative research?
a. A study examining the bereavement process in
spouse or clients with terminal cancer -
QUALITATIVE
b. A study exploring the factors influencing weight
control behavior - QUALITATIVE
c. A study measuring the effects of sleep
deprivation on wound healing - QUANTITATIVE
d. A study examining client’s feelings before, during
and after bone marrow aspiration - QUALITATIVE
Qualitative vs Quantitative
QUANTITY (keyword) - QUANTITATIVE
QUALITY - QUALITATIVE
101. Which of the following studies is based on
qualitative research?
a. A study examining client’s reaction to stress
after open heart surgery - QUALITATIVE
b. A study measuring nutrition and weight loss/gain
in clients with cancer - QUANTITATIVE
c. A study examining oxygen levels after
endotracheal suctioning - QUANTITATIVE
d. A study measuring differences in blood pressure
before, during and after the procedure -
QUANTITATIVE
102. MJ implemented a medication regimen using a
new type of combination drugs for manic patients
while another group of manic patients will receive
the routine drugs. The researcher however,
handpicked the experimental group for they are the
clients with multiple episodes of bipolar disorder. MJ
utilized what research design?
a. Experimental
b. Quasi-experimental - non-random
c. Descriptive
d. Case study
103. Which of the following research designs would
be appropriate for this study if she wants to find out
a cause-and-effect relationship between the
structured discharge plan and the compliance to
home care regimen among the subjects?

a. True experiment
b. Descriptive
c. Quasi-Experiment
d. Correlational
1. No exploratory - survey sa options
2. Look for manipulation may binigay ba?
YES, the structured discharge plan
True experimental - is it random?
Quasi-experimental - is it non-random?
Tip: if walang nakasulat if random or random, that
is automatically random, because you have to
follow the elements of experimental: random,
manipulation and control.
So, Random → TRUE EXPERIMENTAL
104. From the hypothesis, “Compliance to home care
regimen is greater among patients who received the
structured discharge plan instructions than those
who received verbal discharge instructions.” Which is
the independent variable in the study?
a. Verbal instructions
b. Discharge plan instructions
c. Compliance to home care regimen
d. Patients
105. Which is the dependent variable in the study?
a. Verbal instructions
b. Discharge plan instructions
c. Compliance to home care regimen
d. Patients
Situation: Mastery of research design
determination is essential in passing the NLE.
106. Community A was selected randomly as well as
Community B. Nurse Beth conducted teaching to
Community A and assess if Community A will have a
better status than Community B. The design best
suited for this study is:
a. Comparative
b. Correlational
c. Experimental
d. Descriptive
3. No exploratory / survey, quality / census, sa
opinion
4. Proceed at looking for manipulation. is there
manipulation? may binigay ba? YES,
conducted teaching → EXPERIMENTAL
107. Ricky researched on pneumonia. Its
transmission, causative agent and factors, treatment,
signs and symptoms as well as medication and all
other in-depth information about pneumonia. This
study is best suited for which research design?
a. Survey
b. Historical
c. Analytical
d. Case Study
1. is there a word quality? are we trying to get
census? Not EXPLORATORY
2. There’s no experimental in the options so not
EXPERIMENTAL
3. Automatically DESCRIPTIVE
Case study → in depth information about
pneumonia
108. Marlon is always eating high fat diet. You want
to determine what will be the effect of high
cholesterol food to Marlon in the next ten years. You
will use:
a. Comparative
b. Longitudinal - repetitive
c. Correlational
d. Historical
109. Joseph is to perform a study about how nurses
perform surgical asepsis during WWII. A design best
for this study is:
a. Historical
b. Case Study
c. Descriptive
d. Experimental → walang binigay
110. Melinda conducts sampling at barangay 156.
she collected 100 random individuals and determine
who is their favorite comedian actress. 50% said
Eugene Domingo, 20% said Ai Ai, while some
answered Ruffa Mae Quinto, Candy Pangilinan,
Tuesday Vargas. Melinda conducted what type of
research study?
a. Case Study
b. Quasi-Experimental
c. Analytical
d. Survey
1. Is there a word quality? NO
2. Are you trying to get census? frequency? YES
EXPLORATORY → SURVEY
111. Sheena researched on the development of a
new way to measure intelligence by creating a
100-item questionnaire that will assess the cognitive
skills of an individual. The design best suited for this
study is.
a. Historical 116. MJ wants to determine some of the problems
b. Survey that are experienced by diabetic patients when using
c. Methodological an insulin pump. She went into a clinic where she
d. Case Study personally knows several diabetic clients having
problem with insulin pump. The type of sampling
done by MJ is called:
1. Is there a word quality? NO
a. Quota
2. Are you trying to get census? NO
b. Snowball
3. There’s no EXPERIMENTAL in the option, no
c. Purposive (hand-picked)
manipulation
d. Incidental
4. automatically → DESCRIPTIVE
Ang gustong pag aralan ni teh development of a
117. If she implemented a new structured counseling
new way to measure intelligence → method
program with a randomized group of subjects and
Answer: METHODOLOGICAL
a routine counseling program with another
randomized group of subjects, the research is
Situation: MJ is chosen to be a part of the utilizing which design?
research team of the hospital and as a researcher
she made a review of the following important a. Experimental - may manipulation (new
nursing concepts was made. structured counseling program), random
b. Comparative
112. Which of the following communicate the results c. Quasi-experimental
of the research to the readers? They facilitate the d. Methodological
description of the data.
118. In any research study where individual persons
a. Tables and graphs are involved, it is important that an informed consent
b. Statistics of the study is obtained. The following are essential
c. Hypothesis information about the consent that you should
d. Research problem disclose to the prospective subjects except:(-)

113. In the value: 85, 76, 93, 88, 90; what is the a. Consent to incomplete information
mean? b. Assurance of anonymity and confidentiality
c. Description of benefits, risks and discomforts
a. 85.5 d. Explanation of the procedure
b. 86.4
c. 87 119. In the hypothesis: “Taller people and
d. 93 people with higher caloric intake weigh more
than shorter people and those with lower
caloric intake.” Which is the dependent variable
MEAN - average
of the study?

114.In the value: 86, 85, 91, 91, 85, 83, 87, 85; a. Height and weight
what is the mode? b. Height and caloric intake
c. Weight and caloric intake
a. 88 d. Weight
b. 85 – 3x
c. 91 - 2x 120. Which is the independent variable of the study?
d. 87 - 1x
a. Height and weight
MODE - one that frequently appears b. Height and caloric intake
c. Weight and caloric intake
d. Weight
115. Draw lots, lottery, table of random numbers or a
sampling that ensures that each element of the
121. In the hypothesis: “Patients receiving warmed
population has an equal and independent chance
solution for body cavity irrigation during surgical
of being chosen is called:
procedures will maintain a higher core body
temperature than patients receiving a room
a. Simple
temperature solution.” Which is the independent
b. Stratified
variable in the study?
c. Cluster
d. Systematic
a. Surgical procedures
b. Solution for body cavity irrigation
c. Core body temperature
d. Temperature of the room
122. Which is the dependent variable in the study?
a. Surgical procedures
b. Solution for body cavity irrigation
c. Core body temperature
d. Temperature of the room
123. “Women who have participated in Lamaze
classes request pain medication during labor
less often than women who have not taken these
classes.” Which of the following is the independent
variable?
a. Request of pain medication
b. Women in labor
c. Attendance in Lamaze classes
d. Labor
124. Which of the following is the dependent
variable?
a. Request of pain medication
b. Women in labor
c. Attendance in Lamaze classes
d. Labor
Situation: Melissa plans to conduct a study about
nursing practice in the country. She decides to
refresh her knowledge about the different types of
research in order to choose the most appropriate
design for her study.
125. She came across surveys, like the Social
Weather Station and Pulse Asia Survey. Which of
the following is the purpose of this kind of research?
a. Obtains information regarding the
prevalence, distribution, and interrelationships
of variables within a population at a particular
time
b. Get an accurate and complete data about a
phenomenon
c. Develop a tool for data gathering - step in
research process
d. Formulate a framework for the study - step in
research process
Survey – quality / opinion / census
“prevalence” – frequency
126. Melissa reads about exploratory research.
Which of the following is the purpose of doing this
type of research?
a. Inductively develops a theory based on
observations about processes involving selected
people - Grounded Theory
b. Makes new knowledge useful and practical
c. Identifies the variables in the study
d. Finds out the cause and effect relationship
between variables - Experimental
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN:
1. Phenomenological - experiences
2. Grounded Theory - researcher develops a
theory, there is no theory – the first to create
is the researcher
3. Case study
4. Ethnographic - studying beliefs, practices,
cultures and traditions
127. She reviews qualitative design of research.
Which of the following is true about ethnographic
study?
a. Develops theories that increase the knowledge
about a certain phenomenon - Grounded-theory
b. Focuses on the meanings of life experiences
of people
c. Deals with patterns and experiences of a defined
cultural group in a holistic fashion - Ethno
d. In-depth investigation of a single entity - Case
Study
128. She knows that the purpose of doing
ethnographic study is to:
a. Understand the worldview of a cultural
group
b. Study the life experiences of people -
Phenomenological
c. Determine the relationship between variables -
Descriptive Correlational
d. Investigate intensively a single entity - Case
Study
129. Alyssa wants to learn more about experimental
design. Which is the purpose of this research?
a. Test the cause and effect relationship
among the variables under a controlled
situation
b. Identify the variables in the study - Exploratory
c. Predicts the future based on current intervention -
Prospective
d. Describe the characteristics, opinions, attitudes or
behaviors of certain population about a current issue
or event - Analytical
130. One of the related studies that she reads is
phenomenological research. Which of the following
questions is answered by this type of qualitative
research?
a. “What is the way of life of this cultural group?” -
Ethnographic
b. “What is the effect of the intervention to the
dependent variable?” - Experimental
c. “What is the essence of the phenomenon as
experienced by these people?”
d. “What is the core category that is central in
explaining what is going on in that social scene?” -
Analytical
131. Ms. Ajina wants to know the coping abilities of
female patients who are newly diagnosed to have
terminal cancer. She has decided to focus on the
meaning of their experiences of coping. Which of
the following types of research design is most
appropriate?
a. Ethnography
b. Phenomenology
c. Grounded theory study
d. Case study
132. Other studies are categorized according to the
time frame. Which of the following refers to a study
of variables in the present which is linked to a
variable that occurred in the past?
a. Prospective design
b. Cross sectional study
c. Retrospective design
d. Longitudinal study
Situation: A group of student nurses is writing
the research methodology of their thesis.
Knowledge of the following concepts can help in
writing the said chapter.
133. When evaluating the instruments validity,
the researcher may consider the following:
a. Content of the questionnaire
b. A theory that may be compared to the variable
under study - Theoretical framework
c. The tool can detect even small variations in the
attribute - Sensitivity
d. All of the above - X
Criteria used to Known Effectivity
Validity - measure what is supposed to be
measured
● kung ano man ang gagamitin mo, or yung
tool is masasagot or iaaddress yung research
problem mo
Sensitivity - able to detect small variations or find
differences
134. The split half technique, test, retest and
equivalent test administration are ways to evaluate
the instruments:
a. Validity
b. Efficiency
c. Sensitivity
d. Reliability
Criteria used to Known Effectivity
Reliability - consistency or the repeatability of the
tool
● kahit ilang beses binigay yung tool, same
results / same response paren dapat =
Reliable
135. An investigator wanted to determine if there is
a significant difference in the mean systolic blood
pressure of 10 women before and after oral
contraceptive use for 3 months. The appropriate
statistical test for significance of this study is:
a. Analysis of variance
b. Student t-test
c. Chi-square analysis
d. Paired t-test
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS KAPANGYARIHAN
1. Box the Population = prioritize the SETS
3 or more set → ANOVA
2 set → STUDENT T TEST
1 set → may hahanapin tayo:
● Before and after→ paired t-test
if wala look for:
● numbers→ Pearson r
● if hindi number → Chi square
136. Considering the said study, what is the
independent variable of the study?
a. Systolic
b. Oral contraceptive
c. Mean systolic blood pressure
d. Women
137. If the investigator studied the relationship
between the timing of hemodialysis and the levels of
daytime sleepiness, what appropriate statistical
treatment would be significant for this study?
a. Analysis of variance - X
b. Student t-test - X
c. Chi-square analysis
d. Paired t-test - X walang before and after
Pag walang binigay na population, it is considered 1
set
138. Considering the hypothesis for the study is “The
timing of hemodialysis is not related to the levels of
daytime sleepiness of patients in the renal unit.”
What is the independent variable in the study?
 a. Special diet
a. Patients in the renal uni b. 2 months
b. Renal disorder c. Elderly men
c. Levels of daytime sleepiness d. Cholesterol level
d. Timing of hemodialysis
145. What is the dependent variable in the study?
139. What is the dependent variable in the study?
a. Special diet
a. Patients in the renal unit b. 2 months
b. Renal disorder c. Elderly men
c. Levels of daytime sleepiness d. Cholesterol level
d. Timing of hemodialysis
146. If the investigator studied the maternal
140. The investigator would like to compare the competence among women discharged early and
levels of postpartum depression in three groups of those discharged later. What appropriate statistical
women: middle-class white mothers of term infants, treatment would be significant for this study?
middle-class white mothers of preterm infants, and
low-income African American mothers of term a. Analysis of variance
infants. The appropriate statistical test for b. Student t-test
significance of this study is: c. Chi-square analysis
d. Paired t-test
a. Analysis of variance - 3 sets ang naka
underline 147. Considering the hypothesis for the study is
b. Student t-test “Women who were discharged early will have lesser
c. Chi-square analysis maternal competence than those women who were
d. Paired t-test discharged later.” What is the independent variable
in the study?
141. In considering the above study, what is the
dependent variable/s of the study? a. Women discharged early
b. Maternal competence
a. Race, term of infants and levels of postpartum c. Time of discharge
depression d. Women discharged later
b. Postpartum depression
c. Race, term or infants and economic status 148. What is the dependent variable in the study?
d. Postpartum depression, term of infants and
economic status a. Women discharged early
b. Maternal competence
142. What is the independent variable/s of the c. Time of discharge
study? d. Women discharged later

a. Race, term of infants and levels of postpartum
depression
b. Postpartum depression
c. Race, term or infants and economic status
d. Postpartum depression, term of infants and
economic status
143. Effect of special diet on the cholesterol level of
elderly men and measured before the intervention
then after 2 months. The appropriate statistical test
for significance of this study is:
a. Analysis of variance - X
b. Student t-test
c. Chi-square analysis
d. Paired t-test - 1 set → before and after
144. Considering the said study, what is the
independent variable of the study?
149. The researcher would like to study the effects
of nursing instructions on patients’ compliance with a
self-medication regimen. The appropriate statistical
test for significance of this study is:
a. Analysis of variance - X
b. Student t-test- X
c. Chi-square analysis
d. Paired t-test - X → walang before and after
150. In considering the above study, what is the
dependent variable/s of the study?
a. Medication
b. Nursing instructions
c. Compliance with instructions
d. Compliance with medication regimen
151. In considering the above study, what is the
independent variable/s of the study?
 a. t-test → Paired t-test
a. Medication b. ANOVA
b. Nursing instructions c. Standard deviation of blood pressure
c. Compliance with instruction d. Pearson product moment correlation
d. Compliance with medication regimen
158. A good researcher needs to examine the ethical
152. The investigator would like to compare the implications of her research. The code of research
effectiveness of different interventions on people on ethics which requires informed consent in all cases
cigarette smoking. One group of smokers receives involving human subjects is the:
intensive nurse counseling; a second group is treated
with nicotine patch; and a third group is given an a. Belmont Report
electronic cigarette. The appropriate statistical test b. Helsinki Code
for significance of this study is: c. Nuremberg Code
d. Code of Ethics
a. Analysis of variance - 3 sets
Research involves human experimentation
b. Student t-test
3 research ethics
c. Chi-square analysis
● Nuremberg Code
d. Paired t-test
● Helsinki Code
● Belmont Report - recognizes that there a lot
153. In considering the above study, what is the
ethical principles involved in human
dependent variable of the study?
experimentation
○ Beneficence
a. Nicotine patch
○ Respect for human dignity
b. Cigarette smoking
○ Justice
c. Nurse counseling
d. Interventions
159. The Belmont report summarizes the basic
154. What is the independent variable of the study? ethical principles which include the following EXCEPT:

a. Nicotine patch a. Beneficence

b. Cigarette smoking b. Respect for Human Dignity
c. Nurse counseling c. Justice
d. Interventions d. Confidentiality

155. If an independent variable is weight gain during 160. One knows that only competent people should
pregnancy and the dependent variable is infant birth conduct research and that in the process, subjects
weight, the appropriate test statistic is a(n): are assured of protection from harm. This
primary ethical principle is:
a. t-test - X walang before and after
b. ANOVA - X a. Beneficence
c. Chi-square b. Respect for Human Dignity
d. Pearson r - Weight (about numbers) c. Justice
d. Informed consent
156. The independent variable is race
(Caucasian/African American) while the dependent 161. Once a researcher has fully described to
variable is pulse rate. What is an appropriate prospective study participants the nature of study,
statistical test? their rights to refuse participation and likely risks and
benefits that would be incurred, he has done:
a. t-test
b. ANOVA a. Full disclosure
c. Chi-square b. Informed consent
d. Pearson r c. Fair treatment
d. Debriefing

Population – Caucasian and African American (2

sets) → Student t-test
157. To compare the mean BP of teachers before
and after semester, which statistical tests will be
used?
What Nurse should witness during Informed Consent
1. Actual conversation between doctor and
patient
2. Full explanation of MD
3. Full understanding of patient
4. Patient has voluntarily consented
162. The last act of informed consent is said to have
been fulfilled when:
a. Adequate information about research has been
given
b. The subject has understood the information
c. The subject has voluntarily consented (or
declined) to participate in the study
d. The subject has voluntarily signed the
consent form
163. Fair and non-discriminatory selection of subjects
for research is an important aspect of what ethical
principle?
a. Respect for human dignity
b. Beneficence/Non maleficence
c. Justice
d. Confidentiality
164. Emily who is admitted to the hospital with
autoimmune thrombocytopenia and a platelet count
of 20,000/æL develops epistaxis and melena.
Treatment with corticosteroids and immunoglobulin
has not been successful. Her physician
recommended splenectomy. Emily states “I don’t
need surgery. This will go away on its own.” In
considering your response to Daria, you must
depend on the ethical principle of:
a. Beneficence - to do
b. Autonomy - Patient’s have the right to
self-determination
c. Advocacy
d. Justice
Advocacy - active support of an idea or cause
Beneficence - to do
Justice - only applicable to those who are similarly
situated
165. Luna is terminally ill and is experiencing severe
pain. She has bone and liver metastasis. She has
been on morphine for several months now. Luna is
aware that they are having financial problems. She
decides to sign a DNR form. What ethical principle
did Luna and her family utilize as a basis for their
decision to sign a DNR?
a. Justice
b. Autonomy
c. Beneficence
d. Advocacy
166. Based on your answer in question no. 165,
what role did the nurse employ in the situation?
a. Counselor
b. Manager
c. Advocate
d. Liaison
167. Myrna, a staff nurse working in a cancer unit is
considered a role model not only by her colleagues
but also by her patients. She goes out of her way to
help others. She is very active in their professional
organization, and she practices what she teaches.
What ethical principle is she practicing?
a. Beneficence - wala naman ginawa sa patient, di
ba “to do”
b. Autonomy - not decision making
c. Advocacy
d. Justice - fair treatment
168. You are commuting to work riding the LRT. An
older person collapsed, and nobody seems to notice
her. The security guard tried to make her sit down
buts she remained unconscious. You saw what
happened and you decided to help. With help, you
brought the patient to the nearest hospital. You
learned later that the woman was diabetic. She was
on her way to the diabetes clinic to have her blood
sugar tested. She developed hypoglycemia. You
were able to save a life. You felt good. What
principle was applied?
a. Advocacy
b. Beneficence - you did something
c. Justice
d. Autonomy
Situation: A group of Level 4 students will
conduct a study that aims to determine the
similarities / differences in the clinical
performance of the student nurses under the
Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) program and
Associate in Health Sciences Education (AHSE) as
perceived by the faculty members of 4 selected
colleges of nursing. The clinical performances of
the students in the following areas MS, MCN, CDN,
CHN will be determined.
169. The most appropriate design for the said study
is:
a. Descriptive – correlation
b. Descriptive – comparative
c. Evaluate survey
d. Classical Experiment
170. The respondents will be clinical instructors from
2 schools that offer the BSN program and 2 with
AHSE program. After obtaining the sampling frame
every 15th in the list of the faculty will be taken
as research subject. This sampling technique is
referred to as:
a. Quota
b. Stratified
c. Simple random
d. Systematic
171. Which of the following is the dependent variable c. Force majeure
in the study? d. Assumption of Risk

a. Nursing program
Elements of Res Ipsa Loquitur
b. Grades
1. Injury will not normally occur unless there is
c. Academic performance in MS, MCN, CDN, CHN
negligence
d. Clinical performance in MS, MCN, CDN, CHN
2. Agency / Instrumentality is within the
exclusive control of the defendant / nurse
172. Which of the following is the independent
3. The plaintiff / patient did not participate
variable in the study?

a. Nursing program 177. At the ER, RN Supervisor Corazon, while making

b. Grades her round, was informed that a patient fell from
c. Academic performance in MS, MCN, CDN, CHN stretcher the side rail gave way due to defective lock.
d. Clinical performance in MS, MCN, CDN, CHN` The situation can establish a case of:

a. Incompetence
Situation: Eloisa, an RN and two other nurses
b. Omission
were summoned to appear before the Board of
Nursing due to an administrative case filed against c. Force majeure
them for alleged negligence which caused the d. negligence
death of a certain Mr. Santibañez, who was
admitted due to COPD. 178. In the above situation, Corazon may be held
liable based on the doctrine of:
173. Which of the following terms refer to Eloisa and
the two other nurses? a. Res Ipsa Loquitur
b. Assumption of Ris - Respondeat superior
A. Defendant C. Force majeure
b. Witnesses D. Rs ipsa loquitor
C. Plaintiffs
D. Accomplices 179. In the above cited case, the patient was
informed that the stretcher was effective but
174. Ms. Almira Santibañez, the daughter of Mr. because it was the only one available & he wanted to
Santibañez was the one who filed the case against lie down, and so, he used it. The RN was then
the nurses. Which terms refer to her in this case? involved in a malpractice suit. RN may invoke in her
defense.
a. Plaintiff - complainant
b. Respondent - a. Respondeat Superior
C. Defendant b. Assumption of Risk
D. Jury c. Force majeure
d. Rs ipsa loquitor
175. Eloisa is ordered by the Legal Department to
bring along with her the initial assessment form and 180. “A Negligent Act” is established by the presence
the progress notes she used for the patient. What of the following 4 Elements EXCEPT:
legal order from the hearing officer refers to this?
a. Duty owed on the part of the Plaintiff
a. Subpoena duces tecum b. Breach of duty
b. Summon c. Occurrence of foreseeable injury
C. Subpoena ad testificandum d. Guilt beyond reasonable doubt - quantum of
D. Writ proof needed in crimes

181. During strong typhoon, a glass fragment from

Subpoena duces tecum - documents, records,
the broken window of the Hospital hit the patients
reports, objects within your control
arm causing an open wound that needed suturing.
The RN defendant can invoke as defense the
176. Which of the following doctrines will apply if it is Doctrine for.
proven that Eloisa did not go through a rigid training
before being deployed as a staff nurse due to an a. Res Ipsa Loquitor
acute demand for her services? b. Force Majeure
c. Respondeat Superior
a. Res ipsa loquitor d. None of these
b. Respondeat superior
182. RN Corazon gave Mr.Y steam inhalation. Hours
later, a blister was noted at the right paranasal area.
Corazon’s malpractice can be established by the
doctrine of:
a. Res Ipsa Loquitor
b. Lack of Care
c. Respondeat Superior
d. incompetence
Elements of Res Ipsa Loquitur
4. Injury will not normally occur unless there is
negligence
5. Agency / Instrumentality is within the
exclusive control of the defendant / nurse
6. The plaintiff / patient did not participate
Situation: Mark is a nurse doing research works
in a tertiary hospital. He is assigned for data
collection about the incidence of infection among
admitted patients.
183. Mark found out that one of the midwives in
their health center injected Penicillin to a 6-year-old
child without the consent of the parents. The
midwife will be accused of?
a. Negligence
b. Battery – if si nurse ang nag inject
c. Assault
d. Malpractice
Midwives – beyond their scope of practice
- cannot inject penicillin
- midwife can only inject if has sufficient
training, bemonc hospital
184. Mark is taking care of a client with sexually
transmitted disease. If he divulges information about
his client, he may be liable for:
a. Libel
b. Tort
c. Slander
d. Breach of confidentiality
185. Bea’s job includes collecting secretions from the
surgical site of the patients. One of her patients
refused, however she insisted and proceed to do the
collection. She would then be liable for:
a. Slander
b. Invasion of privacy
c. Battery
d. Assault
186. Two of the security guards are assigned in
screening patients entering the hospital. Bea
overheard them discussing the case of an HIV
suspect. Which is an appropriate action to be done
by the nurse?
a. Ask the two if there is something they need to be
clarified about – X
b. Ignore the two guards as this is not against the
hospital rules – X
c. Advise them that it is not right to discuss
the case of any patient – protects the right of the
patient
d. Inform the supervisor about what she heard
187. One of the patients confided that his companion
is not the legal wife. Bea will be held liable if she
divulges the information to others, otherwise
known as:
a. Assault
b. Libel
c. Breach of confidentiality
d. Slander
188. Two utility personnel were having heated
argument as to who shall dispose the infectious
wastes of a patient with typhoid fever. The first one
calling the second one with names “like lazybones,
incompetent and pain in the neck,” within the
hearing distance of the rest of the nurses. If the
latter decides to file a case against him, what kind of
case would he likely file?
a. Negligence
b. Incompetence
c. Libel
d. Slander
189. Should the above case be written in a
newsletter of the hospital, such liability known as?
a. Slander
b. Malpractice
c. Libel
d. Assault
190. Mr. Hiroshima is a Japanese national, suspected
of COVID-19 and advised to be confined in a
negative pressure room with strict protective gadgets
of the health workers taking care of him. He
vehemently resented being confined in that room.
Moreover, he was denied of accepting visitors. He
threatened to sue the hospital. Which case should
he file? – Quarantine yan sis
a. Illegal detention
b. Battery
c. Incompetence
d. Defamation