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The Project Gutenberg eBook of Cardinal de
Richelieu
 This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United
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Title: Cardinal de Richelieu

Author: Eleanor C. Price

Release date: September 10, 2023 [eBook #71607]

Language: English

Original publication: London: Methuen & Co. Ltd, 1912

Credits: Turgut Dincer and the Online Distributed Proofreading

Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced
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Internet Archive)

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CARDINAL

DE RICHELIEU ***
 CARDINAL DE RICHELIEU
TRIPLE PORTRAIT BY PHILIPPE DE CHAMPAGNE
 CARDINAL DE RICHELIEU
BY
ELEANOR C. PRICE
AUTHOR OF “A PRINCESS OF THE OLD WORLD”

“Il est dans l’histoire de grandes et énigmatiques figures

sur lesquelles le ‘dernier mot’ ne sera peut-être jamais dit....
Telle est, assurément, celle du Cardinal de Richelieu.”

Baron A. de Maricourt.

WITH TWELVE ILLUSTRATIONS

SECOND EDITION

METHUEN & CO. LTD.

36 ESSEX STREET W.C.
LONDON
First Published September 19th 1912
Second Edition 1912
 INTRODUCTORY NOTE

“Temerarious indeed must he appear who attempts to

comprehend in so small a space the admirable actions of a
Hero who filled the whole earth with the fame of his glory, and
who, by the wonders he worked in our own days, effaced the
most lofty and astounding deeds of Pagan demigods and
illustrious Personages of Antiquity. But what encourages me
to attempt a thing so daring is the preciousness of the
material with which I have to deal; being such that it needs
neither the workman nor his art for the heightening of its
value. So that, however little I may say of the incomparable
and inimitable actions of the great Armand de Richelieu, I
shall yet say much; knowing also that if I were to fill large
volumes, I should still say very little.”

Although the courtly language of the Sieur de la Colombière,

Gentleman-in-Ordinary to Louis XIV., who wrote a Portrait of
Cardinal de Richelieu some years after his death, may appear
extravagant to modern minds, there is no denying that he is justified
on one point—the marvellous interest of his subject.
Few harder tasks could be attempted than a complete biography
of Richelieu. It would mean the history of France for more than fifty
years, the history of Europe for more than twenty: even a fully
equipped student might hesitate before undertaking it. At the same
time, Richelieu’s personality and the times in which he lived are so
rich in varied interest that even a passing glance at both may be
found not unwelcome. If excuse is needed, there is that of Monsieur
de la Colombière: “Pour peu que j’en parle, j’en dirai beaucoup.”
There are many good authorities for the life of Cardinal de
Richelieu and for the details of his time, among which the well-known
and invaluable works of M. Avenel and of the Vicomte G. d’Avenel
should especially be mentioned. But any modern writer on the
subject must, first and foremost, acknowledge a deep obligation to
M. Hanotaux, concerning whose unfinished Histoire du Cardinal de
Richelieu, extending down to the year 1624, one can only express
the hope that its gifted author may some day find leisure and
inclination to complete it.
E. C. P.
 CONTENTS
List of Authorities Pages xiii, xiv
PART I
CHAPTER I
The birth of Armand Jean du Plessis de Pages 1-9
Richelieu—The position of his family—His
great-uncles—His grandfather and
grandmother—His father, François de
Richelieu, Grand Provost of Henry III.—His
mother and her family—His godfathers—The
death of his father
CHAPTER II
Friends and relations—The household at Pages 10-15
Richelieu—Country life in Poitou
CHAPTER III
The University of Paris—The College of Pages 16-25
Navarre—The Marquis du Chillou—A change
of prospect—A student of theology—The
Abbé de Richelieu at Rome—His
consecration
PART II
CHAPTER I
A Bishop at the Sorbonne—State of France Pages 26-37
under Henry IV.—Henry IV., his Queen and
his Court—The Nobles and Princes—The
unhealthiness of Paris—The Bishop’s
departure
CHAPTER II
Richelieu arrives at Luçon—His palace and Pages 38-47
household—His work in the diocese—His
friends and neighbours
CHAPTER III
“Instructions et Maximes”—The death of Pages 48-62
Henry IV.—The difficult road to favour—Père
Joseph and the Abbey of Fontevrault
CHAPTER IV
Waiting for an opportunity—Political unrest— Pages 63-71
The States-General of 1614—The Bishop of
Luçon speaks
CHAPTER V
Richelieu appointed Chaplain to Queen Anne Pages 72-87
—Discontent of the Parliament and the
Princes—The royal progress to the south—
Treaty of Loudun—Return to Paris—Marie de
Médicis and her favourites—The young King
and Queen—The Duc de Luynes—Richelieu
as negotiator and adviser—The death of
Madame de Richelieu
CHAPTER VI
A contemporary view of the state of France— Pages 88-100
Barbin, Mangot, and Richelieu—A new
rebellion—Richelieu as Foreign Secretary—
The Abbé de Marolles—Concini in danger—
The death of Concini—The fall of the Ministry
—Horrible scenes in Paris—Richelieu follows
the Queen-mother into exile
CHAPTER VII
Richelieu at Blois—He is ordered back to his Pages 101-115
diocese—He writes a book in defence of the
Faith—Marriage of Mademoiselle de
Richelieu—The Bishop exiled to Avignon—
Escape of the Queen-mother from Blois—
Richelieu is recalled to her service
CHAPTER VIII
The Treaty of Angoulême—The death of Pages 116-130
Henry de Richelieu—The meeting at
Couzières—The Queen-mother at Angers—
Richelieu’s influence for peace—The battle of
the Ponts-de-Cé—Intrigues of the Duc de
Luynes—Marriage of Richelieu’s niece—The
campaigns in Béarn and Languedoc—The
death of Luynes—The Bishop of Luçon
becomes a Cardinal
PART III
CHAPTER I
Cardinal de Richelieu—Personal descriptions Pages 131-142
—A patron of the arts—Court intrigues—
Fancan and the pamphlets—The fall of the
Ministers—Cardinal de Richelieu First
Minister of France
CHAPTER II
Richelieu’s aims—The English alliance—The Pages 143-157
affair of the Valtelline—The Huguenot revolt
—The marriage of Madame Henriette—The
Duke of Buckingham
CHAPTER III
Peace with Spain—The making of the army Pages 158-175
and navy—The question of Monsieur’s
marriage—The first great conspiracy—
Triumph of Richelieu and death of Chalais
CHAPTER IV
Two famous edicts—The tragedy of Pages 176-192
Bouteville and Des Chapelles—The death of
Madame and its consequences—War with
England—The siege of La Rochelle
CHAPTER V
The Duc de Nevers and the war of the Pages 193-206
Mantuan succession—The rebellion in
Languedoc—A new Italian campaign—
Richelieu as Commander-in-Chief
CHAPTER VI
Illness of Louis XIII.—“Le Grand Orage de la Pages 207-216
Cour.”—The “Day of Dupes”
CHAPTER VII
Flight from France of the Queen-mother and Pages 217-233
Monsieur—New honours for Cardinal de
Richelieu—The fall of the Marillac brothers—
The Duc de Montmorency and Monsieur’s
ride to Languedoc—Castelnaudary—The
death of Montmorency—Illness and recovery
of the Cardinal
CHAPTER VIII
The Cardinal and his palaces—The château Pages 234-248
and town of Richelieu—The Palais-Cardinal
—Richelieu’s household, daily life, and
friends—The Hôtel de Rambouillet—
Mademoiselle de Gournay—Boisrobert and
the first Academicians—Entertainments at
the Palais-Cardinal—Mirame
CHAPTER IX
Conquests in Lorraine—The return of Pages 249-262
Monsieur—The fate of Puylaurens—France
involved in the Thirty Years’ War—Last
adventures of the Duc de Rohan—Defeat,
invasion, and panic—The turn of the tide—
Narrow escape of the Cardinal—The flight of
the Princes
 CHAPTER X
Palace intrigues—Mademoiselle de Hautefort Pages 263-275
—Mademoiselle de la Fayette—The affair of
the Val-de-Grâce—The birth of the Dauphin
—The death of Père Joseph—Difficulties in
the Church
CHAPTER XI
Victories abroad—The death of the Comte de Pages 276-290
Soissons—Social triumphs—Marriage of the
Duc d’Enghien—The revolt against the taxes
—The conspiracy of Cinq-Mars—The
Cardinal’s dangerous illness—He makes his
will—The ruin of his enemies—His return to
Paris
CHAPTER XII
The Cardinal’s last days—Renewed illness— Pages 291-298
His death and funeral—His legacies—The
feeling in France—The Church of the
Sorbonne
INDEX Pages 299-306
 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
FACING PAGE
Cardinal de Richelieu. Triple Portrait by Frontispiece
Philippe de Champagne (National Gallery)
Henry IV. From an engraving after the 26
picture by François Porbus
Cloister at Champigny 34
From a photo by A. Pascal, Thouars.
The Majority of Louis XIII. (Louis XIII. and 68
Marie de Médicis). From the picture by
Rubens in the Louvre
From a photo by Neurdein, Paris.
Cardinal de Richelieu. Portrait by Philippe 132
de Champagne
From a photo by A. Giraudon, Paris.
Gaston de France, Duc d’Orléans. From 162
a contemporary portrait
From a photo by Neurdein, Paris.
Louis XIII. From a contemporary portrait 188
From a photo by Neurdein, Paris.
The Château de Richelieu. From an old 234
print
The Town of Richelieu. From an old print 238
Anne of Austria. From a miniature in the 268
Victoria and Albert Museum
Porte de Châtellerault, Richelieu 280
 From a photo by Imprimerie Photo-
Mécanique, Paris.
Tomb of Cardinal de Richelieu, by 294
Girardon, in the Church of the Sorbonne
From a photo by Neurdein, Paris.
 CHIEF AUTHORITIES
CONTEMPORARY

Lettres, Instructions Diplomatiques et Papiers d’État du

Cardinal de Richelieu. Recueillis et publiés par M. Avenel.
Mémoires du Cardinal de Richelieu. Édition Petitot et
Monmerqué.
Mémoires du Cardinal de Richelieu. New Edition. With
Notes, etc. (Société de l’Histoire de France.) Not completed.
Mémoires sur la Régence de Marie de Médicis, par
Pontchartrain. Édition Petitot et Monmerqué.
Mémoires de Bassompierre. Édition Petitot et Monmerqué.
Journal de Pierre de l’Estoile. Édition Petitot et Monmerqué.
Mémoires du Marquis de Montglat. Édition Petitot et
Monmerqué.
Mémoires de Madame de Motteville. Édition Riaux.
L’Histoire du Cardinal-Duc de Richelieu. L. Aubery.
Testament Politique du Cardinal-Duc de Richelieu.
Journal de M. le Cardinal-Duc de Richelieu. 1630, 1631.
Portraits des Hommes Illustres François. M. de Vulson,
Sieur de la Colombière.
Le Véritable Père Joseph, Capucin. 1704.
Histoire du Roy Henry le Grand. Hardouin de Péréfixe.
Mémoire d’Armand du Plessis de Richelieu, Evêque de
Luçon, 1607 ou 1610. Édition Armand Baschet.
 Description de la Ville de Paris. Germain Brice.
Les Historiettes de Tallemant des Réaux.
Etc., etc.

MODERN

Histoire du Cardinal de Richelieu. G. Hanotaux.

Histoire de France. H. Martin. Vol. xi.
Histoire de France. Michelet. Vols. xiii. and xiv.
Vie Intime d’une Reine de France, Marie de Médicis. L.
Batiffol.
Le Roi Louis XIII. à Vingt Ans. L. Batiffol.
Louis XIII. et Richelieu. Marius Topin.
Richelieu et les Ministres de Louis XIII. B. Zeller.
La Noblesse Française sous Richelieu. Vicomte G.
d’Avenel.
Prêtres, Soldats et Juges sous Richelieu. Vicomte G.
d’Avenel.
Le Cardinal de Bérulle et le Cardinal de Richelieu. M.
l’Abbé M. Houssaye.
Gentilshommes Campagnards de l’Ancienne France. Pierre
de Vaissière.
Le Père Joseph et Richelieu. G. Fagniez.
Madame de Hautefort. Victor Cousin.
Madame de Chevreuse. Victor Cousin.
Le Règne de Richelieu. Émile Roca.
Le Cardinal de Richelieu: Étude Biographique. L. Dussieux.
Le Plaisant Abbé de Boisrobert. Émile Magne.
Etc., etc.
CARDINAL DE RICHELIEU