Clean and Green

Power of Future

--- Dr. Sunil Ogale

Department of Geography
 World Energy Sources
Source % Utilization
1 Oil 31
2 Coal 26
3 Natural Gas 19
4 Traditional Biomass 12
5 Large Hydro 06
6 Nuclear 04
7 Renewables 02
Total 100
 Depletable Energy Sources of the World

Energy Source Will Last For Years

 Petroleum Oil 40

 Natural Gas 60
 Coal 250

 Uranium 1000

India spends Rs. 8 Lakh Crores on petroleum import per year.

Energy Utilization Ranking
The per capita energy
• (1) USA consumption in USA is
8000 units /year.
• (2) JAPAN
For India it is 201units/year
• (3) CHINA in 2001-02
• (4) GERMANY
( 606 units / Year in Year
• (5) CANADA 2016-17 )
• (6) FRANCE USA with 5 % of world’s
• (7) INDIA population consumes 33
• (8) UK % of total energy
consumed in the world,
whereas India with 15 % of
the population consumes
only 1.5%.
 Power Sector at a Glance "ALL INDIA"
30th September, 2016
Fuel Installed Percentage
Capacity (in MW)
Total Thermal 81,681 66.4
Coal 68,308 55.6
Gas 12,172 9.9
Oil 1,202 0.9

Hydro 31,865 25.9

Nuclear 3,310 2.7
Renewable 6,158 5.0
Total 123,014 100.00
 Power Situation In India
(April-September 2016)

Demand Met Deficit

Energy 309,257 286,282 7.4 %

MU MU

Peak 88,667 77,836 12.2 %

Demand MW MW
 Maharashtra state Installed Capacity (MW)
AS ON 30.09.2016

Ownership MODE WISE BREAKUP

Grand
Total
NUCLE
Sector HYDRO THERMAL REN AR

COAL GAS DIESEL TOTAL

State 2669.67 6425.00 912.00 0.00 7337.00 270.58 0.00 10277.25

Private 447.00 1650.00 920.00 0.00 2570.00 434.52 0.00 3451.52

Central 0.00 1339.00 397.28 0.00 1736.33 0.00 582.06 2318.39

3116.67 9414.05 2229.28 11643.33 705.10 582.06

Sub-Total 0.00 16047.16
( 19.42%) (58.66%) (13.89%) ( 72.56%) (4.4%) (3.63%)
 Power Situation In Maharashtra
(April-August 2016)
Demand Met Deficit

Energy 40689 34632 14.9 %

MU MU

Peak 15741 10861 31.0 %

Demand MW MW
Increasing demand for more Power

Some Causes:
Exponential Increase in :
1.Use
2.Users
3.Population
4.Urbanization
5.Modernization
6.Automation
7.Living standard
8.Access
 Status of Renewable Energy in Future

 It is expected that 60% of all our energy will

come from renewable energy by the year 2070.

 The World Solar Summit, World Solar

Decade and the World Bank have recently
allocated over two billion dollars to projects
dealing with renewable energy and the
environment.

 This clearly demonstrates the importance of

renewable energy as the new source of power for
the future.
Comparison of Renewable Energy Sources

Capital Cost Generation Cost

Source
( Rs. Crores /MW) ( Rs. /kWhr )

Wind Power 3.5 2.25

Small Hydro 3.5-6.0 1.50-3.5
Co-
2.0-2.5 3.0-3.5
Generation
Solar 30.0 15.0-20.0
Photovoltaic 9.0 5.80
Sea-Wave 2.4 1.10
 Why Wind Energy-1 ?

Clean, green, safe, and eco-friendly.

Energy source is indigenous, cheap,

natural, plentily available, non-
depletable and renewable.
 Why Wind Energy-2 ?

No expenditure for fuel .

A real fast track power project.

Modular
 Global Warming and Windpower
 Global warming is the most serious
environmental threat.
 Stabilizing the climate is likely to require at least
a 50% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.

 Nationwide, 34% of all greenhouse gases come

from electricity generation.

 This region needs non-polluting energy sources

to reverse global warming, and taking both
technological potential and cost competitiveness
into consideration, windpower is the most
promising energy resource available.
Green – Power
Saving of Coal and Saving of Atmosphere from Pollution with Wind
Power Generation
(as on end of August 2015)
Item Saving (Tons)
 Coal 5,077,600

 Sulphur di-oxide 82,510

 Nitrogen Oxide 57,120

 Carbon di-oxide 12,694,000

 Particulates 6,820
WIND ENERGY
WIND ENERGY
What is Wind?
 Wind is the air in Motion

What is Energy?
 Means / Capacity to do work
 Causes of Wind
 Revolution of the Earth

 Uneven heating of Earth’s surface

 Local Winds due to local topography of

the site
Types of Winds
 Polar Winds
 Tropical Winds
 Subtropical Winds
 Equatorial Winds
 Local Winds
 Land and Sea Breeze
 Trade Winds
Wind Measurements

 Wind Mapping Programme

 Wind Monitoring Programme

Anemometer

Wind Speed Measuring Device

Wind Measurements
Contd.

WIND VANE
Efficiency of Wind Turbine
Wind Resources in India
As on 13 th December,
2016
498 Stations
Established for
monitoring in India

211 Potential Windy

sites were identified

Estimated Wind Power

Potential in India =

45195 MW
Wind Resources In Maharashtra

TOTAL POTENTIAL FROM 28 SITES = 3650 MW

28 WINDY SITES IN MAHARASHTRA
Feasible Wind Power Sites in Maharashtra
 Wind Power Projects in Maharashtra
Sr Av.wind Annual wind No of Wind Installed
N Site Taluka District speed power density machines Wind Power
o. W/m2 (MW)
km/hr
1 Chalkewadi Satara Satara 20.60 210.90 62 21.800

2 Dhalgaon K-Mahankal. Sangli 21.90 233.70 14 08.400

3 Gudhepanchgani Shirala Sangli 21.30 222.50 26 10.420

4 Kavadya-Dongar Parner A-Nagar 22.08 222.00 57 57.000

5 Matrewadi Patan Satara 21.10 218.00 25 05.750

6 Thoseghar Satara Satara 23.30 287.40 106 30.860

7 Vankusawade Patan Satara 23.40 247.00 638 242.825

8 Varekarwadi Patan Satara 21.50 263.70 15 09.000

9 Brahmanwel Sakri Dhule 23.60 289.00 04 02.400

10 Demo Projects at Dahanu, Deogad,Vijaydurga,Chalkewadi and 06.530

Gudhe panchgani
Others 06 04.520
TOTAL 953 399.505
Locations of Wind Power Projects
.10

11 .
N

1. Chalkewadi 62) 2. Thoseghar (106) 3. Vankusawade (638 )

4. Matrewadi (25) 5. Varekarwadi (15) 6. Gudhe-Panchgani (26)
7. Vajaydurga (6) 8. Deogad (20) 9.Kavadya-Dongar (57)
10. Dahanu (1) 11. Dhalgaon (14)
 Wind Power Projects Yearly Progress
(Maharashtra)
Year Installed Capacity
MW
250.000

Installed Capacity MW
Upto 1997 5.460

1997-98 0.225 200.000

1998-99 19.715
150.000
1999-00 50.345

2000-01 117.185 100.000

2001-02 206.425
50.000
2002-03 Nil
0.000
2003-04 8.250

1997-98

1998-99

1999-00

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05
Upto 1997
2004-05 3.750

2010-11 65.354 Year

Wind Mill
Aero-generator
Aircraft
 Rotor Blade

• Service crew working on a 32 m rotor blade on a

1.5 MW wind turbine
Airfoil Blade Section
Lift
Stall
One bladed design
Two bladed design
Three bladed design
 Wind Turbine : Parts
Nacelle Rotor Blades

Power & Control

cable

Tower

Tower Top Platform

Micro Processor
Controller

Transformer &
Foundation Sub-station
Main Components of a Wind Turbine
Yaw Mechanism-Wind Tracking
Pitching Mechanism For Power Control
Tip Brakes
Capacity depends on Diameter
Height Comparison
Micrositing Plan
 Power supply network of windfarm

•Source: Indian Wind Turbine Manufacturers Association

Wind Machines in Landscape
Varekarwadi Site
TOPOGRAPHY OF WIND POWER PROJECTS IN
MAHARSHTRA
WIND POWER PROJECTS
 Prerequisites for Wind Power Project

Good average wind speed. MNES has stipulated a

wind speed of 5m/s.
 Grid availability.
Accessability for commisioning.
Strong terrain / soil for proper foundation / civil
work
Favourable environmental condition to prevent
corrosion & not prone to cyclone.
Incentives From Central Government For Wind
power Project
 100% Accelerated depreciation on investment.
 5 year income tax tax holiday.
 Concessional Custom Duty/Duty free Import.
 Capital/Interest Subsidy.
 Soft loan up to 75% of the project cost from
IREDA(Indian Renewable Energy Development
Agency).
 100 % foreign equity participation can be permitted
for the projects set-up by foreign private investors.
 Incentives From State Government For Wind
power Project
Power purchase from MSEB at the rate of Rs.2.60 per kWh
from March 1998 with 5% escalation for every year.
Banking and wheeling facility.
Third Party Sale is allowed.
MSEB bears 50 % of the expenditure for power evacuation.
30% Capital Subsidy up to Rs 20 Lakh.
100 % Sales Tax Benefit is allowed.
100 % exemption from Octroi, Entry Tax and Purchase Tax on
the machinery.
Industrial status.
MEDA provides technical assistance and service in achieving
loan from IREDA.
Windmills Old and Plenty
 In 250 B.C. Persians built First Windmill.

th
 Wind-Grain mills built in Iran in 7 Century are considered
as today's oldest.

 In 1750, in Netherlands,8000 Wind turbines were in operation.

 In1840,in England,10,000 Windmills were working

 In 1850 ,10,000 Windmills were installed in Germany.

 In 1950,Nearly 50,000 Wind-turbines were producing electricity

and 1,50,000 others used for water pumping in USA.
 Breakdown of Operating Wind Capacity (Megawatts)
Sr.No Country Operational Sr.No Country Operational
Wind Power Wind Power
Capacity (MW) Capacity (MW)

1 Germany 16628 9 Sweden 442

2 Spain 8263 10 Greece 466
3 USA 6752 11 Portugal 523
4 Denmark 3118 12 France 390
5 India 2983 13 Canada 444
6 Italy 1265 14 China 764
7 Netherlands 1078 15 Japan 940
8 UK 897 16 Australia 380

Total Operational Wind Power Capacity Worldwide = 47574 MW

( 58 Countries)
(Figures at the start of the year 2014)
 State-wise Installed Wind Power Capacity
in India (As on 31.03.2014)
Sr. State Installed
No Capacity (MW)
• MNES plans
1 A.P. 120.6
2 Gujarat 253.5
10% of the total
power from non-
3 Karnataka 410.7
conventional
4 Kerla 2.0
energy sources by
5 M.P. 28.9
the end of 2012.
6 Maharashtra 456.3
This needs
7 Rajasthan 284.8 Rs.70,000 Crores
8 Tamil Nadu 2036.9 investment.
9 West Bengal 1.1

10 Others -
Total 3594.8
Wind works.
We only have to choose to use it.