Outline

1. Introduction
2. Definition of Individual Differences
3. Individual Difference Factors
INTRODUCTION
In language learning, people differ a lot in how well they do. This is the same for both first
and second languages, but there are key differences.
1. (with) First Language: Almost all kids become really good speakers. (except in cases
of not having exposure to language)
2. (but) Second language: (this is not only about how fast they learn, but also how well
they ultimately speak,) Some getting as good as native speakers and others are not so
much.
(So, why do these differences happen?)
(Well, basically)
There are three main reasons:
1. Social
2. Cognitive
3. Affective
In this presentation, we will be focused on the cognitive and affective factors and will focus
on second language learning.
What are Individual Differences
In language learning, 'individual differences' mean the unique ways that people are different
from each other when they learn a new language. These differences can include things like
how fast they learn, how well they learn, what motivates them, and how they feel about
learning.
(and the factors that cover those differences are cognitive which is about how our brain works
and affective which is about how we feel inside)
Factors: Cognitive and Affective
Individual Differences Factors
So, these are factors that make the differences between an individual, and later on, will be
discussed in more detail with my friend.
These factors are grouped into four main categories:
1. Abilities: abilities are things that related to how smart or good someone is at learning,
such as intelligence, language aptitude, and memory.
2. Propensities: are about qualities that show if someone is ready or interested in
learning a language. This includes their learning style, (how motivated they are)
motivation, anxiety, personality, and willingness to communicate.
3. Learner cognitions about L2 learning: (This is about what learners think and believe
about learning a new language.) Learner beliefs
4. Learner actions: (This is what learners do to learn a language, like using different
strategies.) Learning strategies