Fr Installation of Service L J Connections Service Line—Methods of Installation of Service Lines—Estimates—Exercises—Short Answer Type Questions With Answers—Problems. 12.1. SERVICE LINE Power is transmitted from generating stations/substations to the utility centres by means of transmission lines and from there power is distributed through distributors or distributing lines. The consumers are provided power supply by tapping connections from distributing lines. The consumer's premises is connected to the supplier's distributing lines through use of cables (surface or underground) and through overhead lines in case the distance of consumer's premises from the nearest distribution line support exceeds 45 metres. The overhead line or cable connecting the supplier's distributing line to the consumer's premises is called service main or service line or service connection. The service connection terminates at the point, where the supply conductors enter the meter. The connections of service pole, pole fuse, energy meter, service fuse, main switch and fuses and distribution board for giving a service connection to a single phase load are shown in Fig. 12.1. eee 55 5 5 g BEER & 6 6 8 8 ENEKGY WAN ‘SWITCH AND DISTRIBUTION BAND ‘SUPPLIER'S FUSE SUPPLIERS PROPERTY ||_ CONSUMER'S PROPERTY. Fig. 12.1{Installation of Service Connections Ea For single phase supply the service line has three wires namely phase wire, neutral wire and earth wire, from the supply pole to the Consumer's premises, In case of S-phase supply, as required for giving supply to the workshops, cinema houses, hospitals, hotels ete, the service line has five wires, namely three phase wires, f i N , fourth neutral wire and fifth earth wire, ih ‘ vire, running from the supply pole to the consumer's premises, Service lines are of two types viz, overhead service line and underground service line, running Weare | pee PROOF CABLE Overhead service line is also subdivided on the basis of je— GI PIPE wires coming through the conduits or with the help of service entrance cable, For overhead service connections all aluminium conductor (AAC) and ACSR or hard drawn copper of different Dh weno sizes are used according to the load of the consumer. For copper conductor minimum size used is 10 SWG provided the load does not exceed 1 kW. 8 SWG copper conductor or Fig. 12.2 13.9 mm? AAC or ACSR conductor is used for domestic! commercial loads not exceeding 2.5 kW. For connecting power loads up to 12 kW, 6 SWG copper or 19.4mm? AAC or ACSR conductors are used. Weatherproof or PVC cables of aluminium or copper are used for cable service connections. Low tension 3% core cable is used for underground service connections. 12.2, METHODS OF INSTALLATION OF SERVICE LINES As already mentioned service lines are of two types: 1. Overhead service lines. : cable service lines ; Thon are various mothers of installation of overhead service lines and their use depends upon the conditions prevailing. The various methods used for installation of overhead service lines are: i i ilding. The wire may be connected to the gable provided the ee eee ees eel there is no gable window from which the incoming be reached. In such cases a service bracket (mild steel angle iron piece) is Seal fnto a wall at a suitable height. The pin type or shackle type insulators are fitted doe de na aE ‘The number of insulators to be fitted depends upon the number of fo this. wa (two in ease of general service connection and four in case of power service com ng As a rule the vertical distance between the insulators should be 35 cm and the connection). As ¢ ri The phase and nautral wires are iaken from editing service pole SHA lateral dinar elitors fitted on the aerviee bracket. The earth wire ia connected to angle connected ts help of eye bolt. Now a weatherproof ar PVC cable known as service cable ie iron with n6 no conductors (overhead service line) solidly or by means of connectors and may eer ther on wooden batten or inside a GI pipe or conduit of suitable size up to the pe carr posed. The Cl pipe, if used, is bent at the upper end with opening face downward in order to prevent the entry of rain water into the pipe. _ ; ‘Although a house may be high enough forthe connection to be made at the gable, it may have windows in the gable from which the gable from wall and thus the house connection at the gable may be reached. In this case, a bracket pole may be used for lead in arrangement. (i) For Low Roof or Single Storeyed Building. If a building is of very low height, service bracket cannot be directly fixed to the wall, if fixed the power conductors may notEl Electrical Installation Estimating and Costing ANGLEARON BRACKET i HORIZONTAL” AERIAL Eas PHASE CABLE NEUTRAL 2) REEL SHACKLE, INSULATOR ara iwceanes | cups werer / Soe Fig. 12.3 have distance from ground as mentioned in IER. In such cases use of roof pole or GI pipe connection is made. In case of roof pole connection (Fig. 12.5) roof pole consists of a strong steel tube (60 mm, 80 mm or 90 mm in diameter) provided with lateral arms on which the insulators are mounted. The height of the roof pole should not exceed 3 metres otherwise the tensile stresses involved will become too high. To keep tensile stress low, the roof pole is braced by a steel rope as is done in the case of the stayed pole. If possible, the roof pole should be fastened to the main truss of the roof construction. In case of GI pipe connection Gl pipe INSULATORS ‘ JUNCTION & BRACING HEAD FOR ROPE LEADIN P wi we = RES : N f TRAVERSE with . INSULATORS owunroe —d | F Roe BRACKETS “Bracket Pole Connection ae Fig. 12.4 : oof Pole Connection Fig. 1, 2.5is raised above the roof to a sui height. The GI pipe is suitably ae to the wall at its lower end and is bent back and provided with a stay as its upper end. The service cable is carried to service board through GI pipe and heavy gauge conduit. (iii) Weatherproof Cable Method. In this method an 8 SWG GI wire is stretched from the service pole to eye screw bolt fixed into a wall at a suitable height (in case of a double storeyed building) or to a GI pipe raised above the roof (in case of a single storeyed building). The weatherproof or PVC cable is then brought to the building by clipping it to the GI wire stretched between service pole and building and then carried to service board as usual i.e. on wooden batten or in a GI pipe or in a HG conduit. (iv) Use of Junction or Joint Box. For taking service connection from one house to another house use of junction or joint box is made. In this system the connections from existing pole are taken to the junction box where the joints to cables are made, as shown in Fig. 12.8. 2. Underground Cable Service Conne made for service connection when the power crwire Z GuARD WIRE: STAY WIRE REEL. INSULATOR SHACKLE INSULATOR GI PIPE INCLAMP [at METER: BOARD Var Pipe Service Connection Fig. 12.6 GIPIPE SERVICE POLE 2 s ) X W\ -swrson meconweater L Boyes Be IT IC, PVC/Weatherproof Cable Service Connecti Fig. 12.7 a for bifureating the connections ction. Use of underground cable is usually to be supplied to the consumer is large (sayInst on of Sonic Connections B35) kW). Por installati size is fitted to the wo cane of pinderground cable service connection a cable box of suitable and nuts. The eable is enreheg ge means of MS channel of size 16 mm * 250 mm and bolts on service hoard; first alome theo te cable box fitted on pole to another eable box fitted ‘long the wall to the secend ano’ {2 the ground, then in the trench and lastly vertically vertically below the service hea io box: The trench starts from the pole and terminates the ground for enclosing che et: Use of GI pipe of suitable size is made up to 2 metres from io. along the pole and ber sas i order to save it from mechanical damage at both places a low the service board. The cable is held to the pole by means of Prepare a list of material and estimate th f a Ti I and estimate the cost for providing service connection to a single storey building at 240V single phase 50 Hz having a ene ‘and fan load of 5kW. The supply is to be given from an overhead line 20m away from the building. Solution : Connected load, P = 5 kW or 5,000 W Taking diversity factor of 1.66, 5,000 = w Leg = 2000 Keeping in view the future additional demand (say 100%), let the future load be twice of present load, i.e. 2 x 3,000 W = 6,000 W. Total load requirement = Load in watts _ 6,000 L reg = ad in watts _ = oad current in amperes = Foe tinge = “gag” 7 254 Hence twin core 1/3.55mm (or 10mm) aluminium conductor weatherproof cable having a current carrying capacity of 34 A may be employed. ‘The required material and cost for giving service connection is detailed below : [S.No.| Description of Material With Quantity | Rate ‘Amount | Remarks Complete Specifications Required QuantinfUnit| [P| Per| @ |P 1. | 10mm, 650 V, twin core aluminium 40 | m | 37|50) m | 1,500 |00] 20m for stretch, conductor weather proof cable 2 metres for round| thimbles, 10 m along GI pipe and conduit up to ser- vice board and for wastage wi 40 | do | 270} 00| ke | 1,080] 00] 2, | 8 SWG GI wire @ foe|7 | - 7 m | 1 m | 720] 00) SI pipe 50mm diameter 4 8 tL MePebeduie 16 SWG 25mm diameter 4 | do} 27/00] do | 108 |oo} aa | coeur) 1 | no | 27/00Jeach) 27] 00] One for fixing thimbles to the pol 2 | do| 27}00] do} 54) 00) One for fixing thimble to GI pipe and one for stay. 6. | Pipe clamps | 3 | do} 15]00] do | — 45] 00] 2 for connecting GI bi) cham: ‘wire to pole and GL pipe andone for stay! 8, | Wooden bushes for GI pipe 1 do 8| 00} do 8} oo 9. | Conduit reducers 50mm % 25 mm 1 | do | 15/00] do | — 1500) 10. | Conduit bend for 25mm conduit 1 | do | 10] 00] do | 10 oo} 11, | Lock mut for 25mm conduit 1 [ao | 8}00] do | 8] 00) At service board Contd.EL Electrical Installation Estimating and Costing 8. No. Description of Material With Quantity | Rate ‘Amount | Remarks Complete Specifications Required Quantity] Unit | @ | P| Per | © [P 12. | Conduit bushing for 25 mm conduit 1 do 3/00] do 3/00 13. | Wooden plugs 25 do 80| 00} 100 20 | 00) 14. | Conduit saddles @ 50mm 4 do 5| 00}each 20 (i) 25mm 8 do 3] 00] do 24 15. | IC main board of size 25cm x 30cm 1 do |375|00} do 375 16. | Kit-kat 32A 1 do 55| 00] do 55 17. | Neutral link 1 do 8] 00} do 8 18. | Aerial fuse 32.A capacity 1 | do | 55]00] do | 55 00 cr) 00 co) 00| 00 00 no | 75]00leach | 75] 00} 00 00 00 00 00] 00) 0| 19. | Stay wire 7/10 SWG 10 | m_ {120} 00] kg | 120 a) | (ke) 20. | Stay bow 1 21. | Stay rod with bolts and stay buckle 1 | do | 7500] do | 75 22, | Stay insulator 1 | do }100/00} do | 100 23. | Cement 1 | bag 250/00} bag | 250 24, | Sand 5 bags | 20]00] do | 100 25. | Catenary wire 3 | kg | 80]00] kg | 240 26. | Clips 31mm 1 packet} 30] 00|packet| 30 27. | Sundries to complete the job 200 | 00) Lump-sum provision Total [5,325 | 00] Storage and transportation charges 5% | 266 | 25| Labour charges 10% | 532 |50) Contingencies 1% 53 | 25 Electrical inspection fee | 400 | 00} Single phase 25 A, 240 V, 50 Hz energy meter _|1,600 | 00 Grand total [8,177 [00] Say F 8,200.00 Goa Estimate the quantity of material and cost for idi ‘i timate providing connection to a double storeyed building with a load of 4 kW at 240 V 50 Hz. Separate meters are to be provided for the two floors. Bs plistance between pole and building is 12m and between service bracket and service board m, Solution: Connected load, P = 4 kW Taking diversity factor of 1.6 and future growth 100% in load, we have Load = 41,000 swt x2 = 5,000 W Load current in amperes = 5:000 = 99.533 4 240 “ore 1/2.80 mm (or 6 mm?) may be employed, Hence twin e¢ capacity of 27 8 aluminium conductor weatherproof cable having a currentinstallation of Service Connections hie nae The required materi: ae ‘al and cost for providing service connection is detailed below : Fe S.No. Description of Materi Complete a far = Quantity | Rate ‘Amount Remarks ;pecifications Required QuantityUnit] z= [P| Per} z | P 1. |6mm?, 650V, twin core alumini ‘um conductor weather proof cable 25 | m | 28/00) m J 700/00 2 | Aerial fuse 82.4 capacity nee ail ieee lon eet letes lon 3. |GI pipe 60mm diameter Pieaes endl ia ca lea le sohl 0 4. [MS angle iron bracket 50 mm * 50 mm x 6.0 mm x 1.5 m long 1 no | 500|00|each| 500 | 00} Service bracket 5. | Conduit 16SWG 26mm diameter 6 |m | 27/00] m| 162/00 6. | Conduit reducer 50mm x 25mm 1 |no| asfooleach| 15/00 7. | Conduit bends 25mm 2 |ao} 10/00] do| 20/00 8. | Conduit lock nuts 25 mm 2 do | 8/00] do} 16] 00] At service boards 9. | Conduit bushings 25mm 2 do | 3/00] do 6] 00] At service boards 10. | Wooden bushings for 50mm GI pipe | 1 | do} 8{00] do] 8 ]00 11. | Wooden plugs 25 | do | 80/00] 100] 20 00} 12, | Conduit saddles 50mm 4 | ao] s/o0Jeach| 20 00 18. | Conduit saddles 25mm 8 | do] 3fo0] do] 24/00 14, | LT shackle insulators 50mm x 65mm 4 | do | 25]00} do | 100/00] 2 nos on pole and complete with fittings 2 nos on service bracket 16. | GI thimbles 2 | do] 15/00] do} 30] 00 16, | 8 SWG hard drawn copper wire 28 | m_-| 750/00] kg | 2,400 | 00] Phase and neutral 3.2) |ke) wire 11, | GI bends 50 mm diameter 1 | do] 75}00Jeach} 75} 00 5 m | 2 Earth wire is, | 8 SWG GI wire 50 270|00| kg | 1,350 | 00 6 188 ©) |ike) 19. | IC board 25cm x 30cm 2 | no | 375} 00 ach 16000} Service bonnie 20. | Kit-kat 32 A capacity lees ee Sie 21, | Neutral link 2 | do 00| do} 16} 00 esa caer 1 | bag 00| bag] 250 | 00 a 5 {bags} 20]00| do | 10000 23, | Sand | eal al 24, | Petty items (Lump-sum provision) Total | 7,647] 00 Storage and transportation charges 5% | 382] 35 Labour charges 10% | 764|70 Contingencies 1% | 76/47 Electrical inspection fee | 400 | 00 10 A, 240 V, 50 Hz single phase energy meters 2 nos | 2,800 | 00 Grand total [12,070 [sal Say & 12,100.00ame Oe Installation of Service Connections E Prepare a list of material required for The load is SkW. Also work out the po Solution: Connected load, P = 8 kW or 8,000 W Supply voltage, V= 249 vy , 50 Hz street distribution mains for a length of 200m. 8,000 240 Hence 16 mm? ah i P43 Anum conductor 650 V grade, twin core weatherproof cable having current carrying capacity of 43 A will be used for required is estimated as beleg oot stfeet distribution mains. The quantity and cost of material Load current, 7 = 2 3.3.4, '8..No.| Description of Material With + ae Complete Specificat Quantity Rate Amount ?emat i) tions Required Quantigftinnl —@ [P| Perl P 1, | 16mm®, 2-core, aluminium conductor, m | 5 m |102 650 V grade weatherproof cable” | 20¢ 909) m 70200 00 2. | GI wire 8 WG 20 | ao| 270/00] xg | 5.508) 00 (20.4) |(kg) 3. | Clips 31mm, 7 |pkts|_ 30] 00] pet} 210 | 00] 4, | Rag eye bolts 16mm x 225mm 70 no 15] 00Jeach| 1,050 | 00} 5. | 25 mm diameter GI pipe 20 m 75) 00} m | 1,500 | 00} 6. | Tee-joints 5 nos} 100] 00jeach| 500 | 00) 7. | Straight through joints 10 do 90] 00] do 900 | 00] 8. | Aerial fuse 32 A 1 do 65] 00] do 55 | 00] 9. | Black tape 19 mm 1 rot] 75]00} eack} 75 00 roll 10. | Sundries to complete the job such as nuts { 600/00) Lump-sum & bolts, cement, sand, wooden bushes, provision thimbles etc. ~ TTotal_[20,498] 00 Storage and transportation charges 5% | 1,024 |90 Labour charges'10% | 2,049 | 80] Contingencies 1% | 204| 98 Grand total [33,777 68] Say & 23,800.00 eames sane i cd has applied for providing additional strectlight points in a narrow street, ‘A Municipal Board has arPin distance between each point is 50 metres. The wattage of each er of points i en Solutions The quantity and cost of material required is given below : Quantity | Rate Amount | Remarks S.No. Description of Material With ee, Complete Specifications quantity|Unit] @ | P| Per| & | P nium | 255 | m| 18/00] m | 45 1. | 4mm?, 650V grade, 2 core, alumini 590 | 00 cable conductor weather proof cal oss m | 270/00] ke | 6,885 arth wi 2. | sswG GI wire hacen teal 8 | 6.885 | 00| Earth wire Contd...Electrical Installation Estimating and Costing S.No, Description of Material With Quantity | Rate Amount | Remarks Complete Specifications Required Quantity Unit] % | P| Per| % |P 3, | GI pipe 50mm x 3m 5 nos| 540]00]each| 2,700 | 00] For pipe 4. | Stay set complete 5 | do b,100| 00] do |10,500 | 00 5. | Clamps 10 do 80] 00} do 800 | 00) 6. | Clips 31 mm 15 pkts| 28} 00} pkt 420 | 00} For cable 7. | MS bolts and nuts 16mm x 225mm 2 kg | 150] 90] kg 300 | 00 8. | Earthing sets * 2 |nos B,200| 00 ]each] 6,400 | 00 9. | Eye screw bolt 16mm x 225mm 5 do 60] 00} do 300 | 00, 10, | Streetlight fitting complete with reflec} 5 do B,000} 00] do |10.000 | 00} | tors and clamps tube light type 11. | Reel insulators 10 do 15} 00] do 150 | 00. 12. | Black tape 19mm, 15m long 1 roll] 75] 00| roll 75 | 00) 13. | Sundries to complete the job such as 800 | 00] Lump-sum | cement, sand, thimbles ete. provision Total 43,920 | 00 Storage and transportation charges 5% | 2,196 | 00, Labour charges 10% | 4,392 |00 Contingencies 1% 439 | 20] Grand total po.947 20) Say % 51,000.00Installation of Service Connections _a ‘A farmer requires to connect a 3-phase 37 kW, 415 V, 50 Hz motor to a S-phase, 4-wire, 416/240 V- 30 Hz overhead line. The distance of the service li i at ele eeael aan fe service line from the farmer structure having moto ise of material required. of 85% and a power factor of 0.8. Estimate the quantity and Solution: — Motor full-load current, J, = Motor output in kW x 1,000 _371,000 = 95.7.8 VBxV, xnxcoso Bx 415 x0.85x08 Starting current, I,, = 1.5 * I,= 1.5 x 75.7 = 113.6A ‘The service connection will be given by 3% 2 eer cable which can carry 128A current. 35 mm?, 1100 V aluminium conducto Total length of cable required = Length along the pole up to ground + length along the trench + vertical run up to cable box + for wastage and connections | = 6.0 + 15.0 + 2.0 + 3.0 = 26.0m The quantity and cost of material required is estimated below |S. No. Description of Material With Quantity | Rate ‘Amount | Remarks Complete Specifications Required Quantit{Uni) © [P| Per| & |P 1. |35mm?, 3% core, 1100V, Al conductor | 26 | m | 270/00] m | 7,020|00 armoured cable 2. | Laying of cable underground at 1m depth} 26 | m | 30]00/ m | 780 ]00 covered with sand in trench and clamped properly on pole over ground 43, | Liable box suitable for cable at item no.) 1 | no | 525|00|each} 526 }00) For service pole outdoor type with bracket 4, | Brection of cable box complete in all 1 | do| 60}00) do} 60} 00) respects 5. | GI pipe for cable at item no 1 above 4 | m| 180]00] m | 720/00] 6. | Pole clamps for above cable and GI pipe | 6 |nos| 75/00Jeach| 450 | 00} 7 | 200A, 415 VICTPN switch fuse unit with | 1 | no P,000) 00} do | 9,000} 00) Housed in indoor HRC fuses structure 8 | Ic cut-outs fitted with fuse wires complete] 1 | set | 480|00Jeach] 480 00 in all respects for outdoor use 9, | PVC cable 37/1.82 mm single core alumi- | 10 | m | 210100) m J 2,100 }00) nium conductor 1100 V grade 10. | IC service board 45cm x 30cm 1 | no| 375] 00Jeach) 37500 11, | Earthing set 2 | do 200] 00) do | 6,400) 00 12, | GI wire 8 SWG 20 | m | 270]00| kg | 540} 00] @) |e) 13, | Bolts and nuts (Lump-sum provision) 350 | 00 14, | Petty items like bricks, sand, bends ete. 1,400 | 00] Lump-sum provision Total {30,200 | 00! Storage and transportation charges 5% | 1,510 | 00! \ Labour charges already included - Contingencies 1% | 3,020 Electrical inspection fee | 302 Energy meter 100A, 415 V, 3 phase 4-wire | 7,000 Energy meter 10A, 240V, 1 phase | 1,400 Grand total 43.432 y € 45,500.00