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Terman
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E le m e n ta ry Science E du ca tio n C o nsu ltant Contributing Authors
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• 주소 및 전화번호: 서울특별시 마포구 양화로 45 세아타워 8층 / 02 - 325-2351
u n it e M atter
chapter 9
O bserving M a t t e r ........................................ 360
Lesson 1 P rop erties o f M a t t e r ................................. . 362
R eading in S c ie n c e .................................... . 370
Lesson 2 M easuring M a tt e r ........................................ . 37 2
Inquiry Skill B u ild e r .................................... . 380
Lesson 3 Solids, Liquids, and G a s e s ..................... . 382
• W ritin g in Science • M ath in Science . 390
C h a p te r 9 R eview and Test P r e p a r a tio n ................. . 392

CHAPTER 10 빼

Changes in M a tte r........................................ 394

Lesson 1 C hanges o f S t a t e ........................................ . 396
Inquiry Skill B u ild e r .................................... .4 0 4
Lesson 2 Physical C h a n g e s ........................................ ■4 0 6
R eading in S c ie n c e .................................... . 414
Lesson 3 C hem ical C h a n g e s ...................................... . 416
Inquiry In v e s tig a tio n ................................. . 42 2
C h a p te r 10 R eview and Test P r e p a r a tio n .............. . 424
C a ree rs in S c ie n c e ........................................................... . 426
 Only 10 of an iceberg
can be seen above water.
 O b z j B r / u i i'"벼j^
mKrfr#^r«.iiii................ ᅵ
ᅵ
ᅵ
■■■■

What are some

ways you can
describe matter?

Essential Questions

Lesson I
What are all objects
made of?
Lesson 2
How can you compare
different Kinds of matter?
Lesson 3
What are the states
of matter? •-；▲ .뼤 .一…

— ......

.y-
S60
• .
Castle Geyser in Yellow stone National Park
mM Big Idea V o ca b u la ry
m atter a n yth in g th a t
takes 니p space and has
mass (p. 364)

prop erty a ch a ra cte ristic

o f so m eth in g (p. 365)

state of m atter a fo rm
o f m atte r, such as solid,
liquid, or gas (p. 384)

solid m a tte r th a t has a

c e rta in v 이 니 me and shape
(p . 3 8 4 )

liquid m a tte r th a t has

a ce rta in vo lu m e b 니t a
shape th a t can change
(p . 3 8 6 )

gas m a tte r th a t does not

have a ce rta in vo lu m e or
shape (p. 387)

V is it www.macmillanmh.com f o r o n lin e re s ᄋ 니 rces.

H ow can you tell different objects from
one another? Objects can have different
colors, shapes, and sizes. Each feels a
bit different. H ow can you describe the
objects in this photograph?

청; 於 ^
Explore
How do you describe objects? Materials
Purpose
Explore ways to describe objects.
하、

P ro ce d u re
O Observe Select a “ m ystery o b je c t" in yo ur
벅
classroom. Observe the object. W h a t color
is it? How does it feel? W h a t is the o b je c t’s
shape and size?
classroom objects
◎ Communicate Record yo u r ob servations
in a w ord w eb like the one shown. Label each
line w ith a w ord th a t describes y ᄋ니r m ystery
object. Leave the circle blank.
hand lens
0 Infer Trade webs w ith a partner. Think
a b ᄋ니t the d e scrip tive w ords on your Step
p a rtn e r’s web. W hat classroom o b je ct do
the words describe? Label the circle w ith
the name o f y ᄋ니r p a rtn e r’s m ystery ob ject.

Draw Conclusions
O W ere y ᄋ니 able to g 니ess y ᄋ니r p a rtn e r’s
m ystery o b je ct? Was y ᄋ니r classm ate able
to g 니ess y ᄋ니r m ystery object?
O W h a t helped y ᄋ니 m ost in fig 니ring ᄋ니t y ᄋ니r
p a rtn e r’s object?

More
Experim ent How m ig h t yo u r w eb be d iffe re n t
if you were b lin d fo ld e d and could only touch the
m ystery o b je ct? Try it to fin d ᄋ니t.
 What is matter?
Explore the area around you. Can you
Essential Question
find things with different colors, sizes,
W h at are all objects
m ade of? and shapes? Things differ in the way
they look, feel, sound, and smell. All the
► Vocabulary
things around you are alike in one way,
matter, p. 364
however. All are made of m atter (MA.tur).
volume, p. 365
mass, p. 365 M atter is anything tha^takes up space.

property, p. 365
You are matter. This book is matter. Even
the air you breathe is matter. All of these
elem ent, p. 368
things take up space.
► Reading Skill O
Main Idea and Details

Main Idea

D e ta ils D e ta ils D e ta ils

W h a t can you see, hear,

and touch at the beach?
Technology
e -G lo ss a ry and e-Review online
a t www.m acm illanm h.com

EXPLAIN ,
Volum e 컁匕 °r SMa l l
describes h o w m u ch space
V o lu m e (V O L .y e w m )
an object takes up. It tells h o w big or small an
object is. This beach ball takes up more space than
this bowling ball. The beach ball has more volume.
M ass hea-v/ o广 U
All objects have mass. M ass is a m easure o f the
am ount m atter in an object. An object w ith a
large mass feels heavy. An object with a small mass
feels light. This bowling ball feels heavier than this ▲ This beach
ball has m ore
beach ball. This is because the bowling ball contains
volum e bu t less
m ore matter. T he bow ling ball has m ore mass. mass than this
Volume and mass are properties (PRAH*pur*teez) bow ling ball.

of matter. A p r o p e r ty is a characteristic of som ething.

The way an object looks, tastes, smells, sounds, and
feels are other properties that you can observe.

Properties of a Pineapple
Property Description

color(s) brown, green

shape round and spiky Read a Tab

feel rough How does a pineapple taste?

Clue: Headings help y ᄋ니
taste sweet fin d inform ation.

◎ Quick Check
Main Idea and Details What are two
properties of all types of matter?

Critical Thinking Why is sound not matter?

365
EXPLAIN
What are some properties
of matter?
The world is full of many kinds of matter.
We use properties to tell them apart. An object
might be hot or cold. It could feel smooth or
rough, wet or dry. Here are some properties
that help us describe and identify matter.
Sinking and Floating
Some m atter sinks in water. Some m atter
floats. For example, a rock sinks in water
and an apple floats. M etal objects usually
sink, while wooden objects often float. a life preserver
Objects sink or float because of their mass floats on water.

Magnetism
M agnets have a special property.
Magnets pull on, or attract, certain
metals, such as iron. They do not
attract wood, plastic, or water. Put a
magnet near an object made of iron.
W hat happens? The magnet pulls
on the object, and then the object
“sticks” to the magnet.
Conducting Heat
Some m atter conducts heat. This
means that some kinds of m atter let
heat move through them easily. For
example, heat moves easily through
metals such as iron and copper.
This is why these materials make
good cooking pots. H eat moves
from the stove through the metal
pot. The pot gets warm. Wood does
not heat up quickly. This is why
wood is good to use for pot handles
and cooking spoons.
Only some metals are a ttra cte d to m agnets.
Quick Lab
Classify Matter
O Look at ten objects.
o Com m unicate List the
p roperties o f each o b je c t
in a table like th e one shown.
Classify Sort the objects into
g r ᄋ니 ps that have similar
properties. Give each g ro u p
a name th a t describes how
its items are alike.
o Interp ret Data Did some o f
the o bjects in one g r ᄋ니 p have
the same p roperties as o b je cts
in a n o th er g r ᄋ니 p? How did
you decide how to classify
each object?
0 Com m unicate Is there m ore
than one way to classify these
objects? Explain yo u r answer.
O b je c t P t o p e t t ie s
◎ Quick Check
Main Idea and Details Name
three properties of matter.
Critical Thinking What
properties of plastic make it
useful as a bowl but not as a
cooking pan?
3 67
EXPLAIN
 Elements What is matter made of?
People once thought that all m atter
was made up of combinations of water,
air, earth, and fire. We now know
that all m atter is made up of elements
(E»luh»m unts). Elements are the building
blocks of matter. There are more than
*— —-

100 different elements. They make up

all the m atter in the world.
Some m atter is made of mostly
one element. An iron nail contains
mostly the element iron. Aluminum
( 니 h*LEW*muhm니m) foil contains m ostly
the element aluminum.
M ost m atter on Earth is made of
more than one element. Water is made
up of the elements hydrogen and
oxygen. Sugar is made up of hydrogen,
oxygen, and a third element called
carbon. Elements join in different
ways and in different am ounts to form
everything in our world.

Quick Check
Main Idea and Details Why are
elements called the building
blocks of matter?

Critical Thinking How is an

iron nail different from water?

368
EXPLAIN
 Lesson Review
w

Visual Summary Think, Talk, and Write

M atter is a n ything O V o c a b u la ry W h a t is m atter?

그
th a t has v이니me
and mass.
. i O Main Idea and Details Choose
w
tw o objects. List all the p ro p e rtie s
y ᄋ니 can to describe each one.

M atter has
초 Main Idea t
properties th a t
can describe and
id e n tify it. D etails D e ta ils D etails

ᅵ
.행^ .JSPi•빼
ᅳ

M atter is made O Critical Thinking W h a t p ro p e rty

of elem ents. o f glass makes it a g o o d m aterial
fo r w indow s?

O T est P re p W h at are the building

blocks of m atter?
Make a [ ^ ^ ^ 3 A liq 니 ids
Study Guide B elem ents
Make a trifo ld book. ^ c wood
Use it to sum m arize D w a te r
w h a t you learned
a b ᄋ니t m a tte r and
its properties. 0 Essential Q u e s tio n W h a t are all
o b je cts m ade of?

—R e v i e w S 니 m m a rie s a n d q 니 izzes o n lin e a t w w w .m a cm illa n m h .co m 369

E VA LU ATE
 ... , \ v . ^ ^ 따,, j" ，
v «WSSvp '*■'>%
• '' •••■

LReading in Science
Meet
Neil deGrasse

Did y ᄋ니 know th at you are "star d 니s t”?

Neil deGrasse Tyson can tell y ᄋ니 w hat that
means. He is a scientist at the Am erican
Museum o f N a t 니「al History in New York.
He studies how the 니niverse works.
Yo 니r b o d y is f 니II of hydrogen, carbon,
and many other elements. All these
elements were first form ed in stars a long
tim e ago. How did these elements make
th eir way from the stars to y o 니r body?
Most elements form inside the
dense and fiery centers of stars.
Hydrogen com bines to form all of the
o th e r elements in these conditions.
Thr ᄋ니g h ᄋ니t their lives, stars scatter
elements into space. Over millions
o f years, these elements com bine to
form new stars, planets, or even living
things like you!

Neil is an astrophysicist. An
astrophysicist is a scientist who
studies how the universe works.

EXTEND
 Meet a Scientist

Main Idea
and Details
► A main idea tells what
the article is about.
卜 Details, such as facts
and examples, support
# the main idea.

A nebula is 禮 loud o f gas and star dust in

s |# c e . The Horsehead N ebula shown here
gets its nam e fro m its horselike shape.

W rite A bout It
M ain Id e a an d D e ta ils R ead th e a r tic le
w it h a p a rtn e r. W h a t is t h e m a in idea?
W h a t d e ta ils a d d t o t h e m a in idea? Fill
in a m a in -id e a c h a rt. T h e n w r i t e a fe w
s e n te n c e s t o e x p la in t h e m a in idea.

t^ tj- lo u r n a l write a b o u t it o n lin e

a t www.macmillanmh.com

3기
EXTEND
Lesson
How can you measure length?
Make a Prediction
How w id e is y ᄋ니 r classroom? Make a prediction.

Test Your Prediction

O Measure W o rk w ith a partner. Stand w ith y ᄋ니 r back
against one wall. Slowly walk across the room, placing
one fo o t in fro n t of the other. The heel o f y ᄋ니 r fro n t
fo o t should m eet the toe o f y ᄋ니 r back foot. Your
partner will c o 니nt the rnjm ber o f steps it takes to
cross the room.
o Trade roles w ith your p a rtn e r and repeat step 1.
^ Communicate Compare y ᄋ니 r data w ith the class’s
data. Make a table listing the data fo r the entire class.

Draw Conclusions
O In terp ret Data W hat is the highest m easurem ent?
W h a t is the lowest meas 니rement? Did anyone get
the same m eas 니rement?
0 Infer W h y were there d iffe re n t measurements?
W h y is it 니sef 니 I to 니se m eas 니ring tools, s 니ch as a ruler?

M ore
Measure Scientists 니se the m e tric system to measure
matter. Predict how w ide y ᄋ니 r classroom is in meters and
centimeters. Then use a m etric n jle r to m eas 니re the w id th
of your classroom. How do y ᄋ니 r m eas 니rements co m pa re
w ith yo u r predictions?
 How is matter measured?
M any properties of m atter can be observed
Essential Question
or measured with tools. You can look closely
How can you compare
different kinds of matter? at an object with a hand lens. You can measure
its length and width w ith a ruler. You can use a
Vocabulary
therm om eter to measure its temperature.
m etric system, p. 374
pan balance, p.376 M easuring is a way to compare sizes
gravity, p. 378 or amounts. People use tools marked with
weight, p. 378
standard units to measure matter. A standard
unit is a unit of measurement that people agree
卜Reading Skill O to use, such as feet or miles. A common system
Summarize of stan d ard units is the metric system (ME.trik
SIS*tum). Scientists use the metric system.

Length
| S um m ary )
You measure length to find out how long
something is. You have probably used rulers to
measure how tall you are. In the metric system,
Technology 행높 length is measured in units called meters.
e -G lo ss a ry and e-R eview online
at w w w.m acm illanm h.com

Measuring helps this

man build a bookcase
th a t fits together.
1
K0

s,
f§

sl
M

EXPLAIN
Measuring the Volume of a Solid 사

How can you measure the volume of this rock?

Clue: Look how the water level changes.

Volume
Volume describes how much space
an object takes up. You probably have
used measuring cups to measure the
volume of liquids. You can also use
beakers or graduated cylinders. In the
metric system, a liquid’s volume is The volum e of a liquid
measured in units called liters. can be m easured using
a g rad u ated cylinder,
You can measure the volume of a beaker, or m easuring cup.
solid too. First, measure some water.
Then place a solid object completely
under the water. Subtract the original
water level from the new w ater level.
The difference is the solid’s volume.

Q Quick Check
Summarize What are three measurements
you could make to describe matter?

Critical Thinking Why is it important to

use standard units?
375
EXPLAIN
 How do we measure mass?
You can use a pan balance to measure mass.
Remember that mass is a measure of the am ount
of m atter in an object. To find an object’s mass, you
balance it with objects whose masses you know.
First, place the object on one end of a pan balance.
Then add the know n masses to the other side until
both sides are level. When the two sides are level,
you know the mass of the object.
In the metric system, mass is measured in grams.
A gram is close to the am ount of mass in tw o small
paper clips. A kilogram is the same as 1,000 grams.
▲ Gram masses can Objects with the same volume do not always
be used to find the
have the same mass. A marble is about the same
mass of an object.
size as a piece of popcorn. However, the marble has
a greater mass. H ow is that possible?

EXPLAIN
 M atter is made up of tiny
particles. In some objects the
particles are close together. In
other objects they are farther apart
The particles inside a marble are
packed together more tightly than
those inside a piece of popcorn. A
marble has more particles than a
piece of popcorn. It has more mass,
Q Quick Check
Summarize How can you
measure mass using a
pan balance?
Critical Thinking How could
you measure the mass of a
liquid with a balance?
bag o f
Quick Lab
Measure Mass
행 낳
and Volume
O Predict Look at a to y car, g o lf
ball, and marble. Predict w h ic h
o b je c t has the m ost mass.
W hich has the greatest v 이 니 me?
향 Measure Find the mass o f each
object. List the objects fro m
m ost mass to least mass.
0 Measure Fill a meas 니ring c 니p
w ith 2 50 milliliters o f water.
A d d one o b je c t at a tim e to
the m eas 니ring o jp . Record th e
w ater level for each object.
O Interp ret Data 니st the o b je c ts
fro m greatest to least volum e.
0 Interp ret Data W h ich o b je c t
has th e m ost mass? W hich
o b je c t has the greatest v 이니me?
How did th e res 니Its co m pare
w ith y o u r prediction?
The bag o f m arbles
has m ore mass than
th e bag o f popcorn.
G arbles
A ir has mass.
377
EXPLAIN
How are mass and weight different?
W hat happens when you leap into the air? Do you
float away? N o, you come back to the ground. This
happens because of gravity (G R A«vuh«tee). G ra v ity is
a pulling force that holds you on Earth. Gravity keeps
you and everything on Earth from floating into space.
You can measure how much E arth’s gravity pulls on
you. This measurement is your weight (W A Y T ). W e ig h t
is a measure of the pull of gravity on you. Weight can
be measured with a spring scale.
▲ Spring scales
Weight is different from mass. If you visited the
are used to
M oon, your mass would stay the same. The m atter measure w eight.
inside you would not change. However, your weight
would change. This is because the pull of the M oon’s
gravity is weaker than the pull of Earth’s gravity. Your
weight on the M oon would be less than your weight
on Earth.

< The pull of gravity is w eaker

on the Moon than on Earth.

^ Quick Check
Summarize How is weight
different from mass?

C ritic a l T h in k in g Do you
think you could jump higher
on the Moon? Explain.
 ^ Lesson Review」
Visual Summary Think, Talk, and W rite
Properties o f matter, O Vocabulary W h a t is gravity?
such as length
and volume, can
be measured and
e Summarize Does a large o b je c t
always have a lot o f mass? Explain
observed w ith tools.
ycMjr answer.

Mass can be
m eas 니red w ith
a pan balance.

Mass stays the same.

The weight o f an
o b je c t depends on
the force o f gravity.
0 Critical Thinking W h y is it
im p o rta n t to m eas 니re a c c 니rately?

O T e s t P re p W h ich to o l w o u ld you use

Make a E3 3 3 I 2 S to m eas 니re w eight?
Study Guide A th e rm o m e te r
Make a layered- b hand lens
look book. Use it c spring scale
to s 니mmarize w h a t D ruler
y ᄋ니 learned a b ᄋ니t LehgtK and Volume
meas 니ring matter. M ass
W
c»3K"t" O E ssential Q u e s tio n How can y ᄋ니
co m p a re d iffe re n t kinds o f m atter?

參 Math Link Social Studies Link

Metric Measurements Do Research

W hat tool w o u ld y ᄋ니 니se to meas 니re
the length o f a pencil in centimeters?
Use this tool to m eas 니re the length
of f ᄋ니r objects. List them in order
from shortest to longest.
A b ᄋ니t 5 ,0 0 0 years ago, people
began using standard weights.
Some early w e ig h ts were the shekel
(SHE*kul) and the mina (M l.n u h ).
Find ᄋ니t m ore a b ᄋ니t early systems
o f m eas 니「ement.

-Review S u m m a r ie s a n d q u iz z e s o n lin e a t w w w .m a cm illan m h .co m 379

EVALU ATE
Focus on Skills L _______________________________________________

Inquiry Skill: M 8 a S l ir 8
You have learned that m a tter is anything
th a t takes up space and has mass. Water is
m a tte r th a t is im p o rta n t to life on Earth. It is
f ᄋ니nd on Earth as solid ice and liquid water.
It is even found in the air. W h a t happens to
w a te r’s mass as it changes from a c h 니nk of
solid ice to liquid water? Scientists measure
things to answer q 니esti ᄋns like this.

卜Learn It
W h e n you measure, y ᄋ니 fin d such th in g s as th e
mass, v 이 니 me, length, o r te m p e r a t 니 re o f an obje ct.
Y o 니 can also m easure distances and tim e. Scientists
니se m a n y to o ls to measure th in g s. Som e o f these to o ls

are s h o w n on this page. Scientists 니se m e as 니 rem ents

to d e s c rib e and c o m p a re o b je c ts o r events.

pan balance

380
EXTEND
 厂 Skill Builder

► Try It
Yᄋ니 kn o w th a t scientists measure th in g s to answer
questions. Yᄋ니 can m eas 니re too. A n sw e r this q 니estion:
Do ice cubes have th e sam e m ass a fte r th e y m e lt?

o To start, place several ice c 니bes in a c 니 p. Then

c o ve r th e c 니 p w ith p lastic w ra p so th e w a te r stays
inside th e cup.
o Meas 니 re mass by p la cin g th e c 니 p on o ne end o f
a pan balance. A d d masses to th e o th e r side o f
th e pan balance u ntil b o th sides are level. Record
th e mass on a chart.

丁i m e f^QSS

0 Meas 니 re th e mass every 3 0 m in 니tes 니 ntil

th e ice is c o m p le te ly m elted.
ᄋ N o w 니se y o u r m e a s 니re m e n ts to a n sw e r th e
q 니estion. Do ice c 니 bes have th e same mass a fte r
th e y m elt?

► A pply It
N o w m easure to answ er this q 니estion: D oes ice
cream have th e sam e m ass a fte r i t m e lts? H o w d o
you know ?

381
EXTEND
 Look and Wonder
This person is soaring through the air.
W hat do you think you would notice
on the ground below? H ow would you
describe the land and water?

382
ENGAGE
Explore Inquiry Activity

How are solids different

from liquids?
Make a Prediction
How do y ᄋ니 know if som ething is solid? How block beaker
do y ᄋ니 know w hen som ething is a liq 니id? Make
a prediction.
plastic
Test Your Prediction spoon w ater

O Observe Tᄋ니ch the block. Does it feel

more like a solid or more like a liquid? Why?
O E x p e r im e n t P니t the block into the beaker.
Record y ᄋ니r observations. hand soap

O Experim ent Use the spoon to stir

the block. W h a t happens? Record y ᄋ니r
observations. E m pty the beaker. safety
goggles
Repeat steps 1-3. Instead o f the block, 니se
the water, salt, hand soap, and clay. Test
each o b je ct one at a time.

Draw Conclusions
( 0 W hich objects did not change shape?
W hich objects were easy to stir?
(0 Classify W hich objects are solids?
W hich are liq 니ids?
公 Explain how solids are d iffe re n t from liq 니ids.

More
Experim ent W h a t would happen if y ᄋ니 p 니t
each o b je c t in the freezer? W h a t w ᄋ니Id happen
if y ᄋ니 p 니t each o b je ct in a w arm place? Form a
hypothesis and test it.

Step 4

EXPLORE
 What are three forms of matter?
M atter comes in many forms. Look at the
► Essential Question
W h at are the states
picture below. The is a solid. The river
of matter? is made of water, a liquid. The air is made of
gases. Solids, liquids, and gases are three
►Vocabulary
states of matter, p. 384 forms of matter. Scientists call these forms
s ta te s o f m a tte r. Each state of m atter has
solid, p. 384
certain properties.
liquid, p. 386
gas, p. 387 Solids
M ost of the things you notice around you
Reading Skill O
are solids (SAhMidz). A solid is m atter th a t
Classify
takes up a definite, or certain, am ount of
space. A solid has its own shape. This book is
a solid. Pencils, desks, and pillows are solids
too. Solids have a definite shape and volume.
Technology If you put a pencil into a jar or a box, its shap
e -G lo ssa ry , e-Review , and size stay the same.
and anim atio ns online
at www.m acm illanm h.com
노^^표 텔 ^ ^ ^ 표 빼빼 빼
대 빼 빼텔를 빼
를빼빼빼
빼를 빼
How are these people using
three states of m atter?
 Remember that m atter is made up of
tiny particles. These particles are too small
to see. In a solid these particles are packed
closely together. They do not have a lot of
room to move around. This helps the solid
keep its shape.

▲ The particles in
this solid horseshoe
can not m ove much.

Solids can be hard or soft. Even though you can

This go alie’s helm et is hard, change th e shape of
but his leg pads are soft. clay, it is still a solid.

◎ Quick Check
Classify What are three solids you use every day?

Critical Thinking A rubber band can change its

shape when it is stretched. Do you think a rubber
band is a solid or a liquid? Explain your answer.

385
EXPLAIN
What are liquids and gases?
Liquids and gases are two other states
of matter. Like solids, they take up
space and have mass.

A liq u id is m atter that has a definite

volume but not a definite shape. A liquid
takes the shape of its container. Water, Liquids take the shape
sham poo, and milk are some liquids. of their containers. Liquids
W hen milk is inside a carton, it takes the also take up a definite
am ount of space inside
shape of the carton. When you pour milk
their containers.
into a glass, it takes the shape of the glass.
If you spill the milk, it will spread out
over the floor. If you were able to mop up
the milk and put it back into the carton,
it w ould still be the same am ount of milk.
The volume of the milk stays the same.
Only its shape changes.

The particles in a liquid

are able to slide past
Liquid Particles one another. That is why
liquids can change shape.

Read a Diagram
How would you describe the particles in
a liquid?
Clue: Illustrations can help show things
that are hard to see.

in Motion W a tc h h o w th e p a rtic le s
o f a liq u id m o v e a t www.macmillanmh.com

386
EXPLAIN
Gases
You can not always see gases,
but they are all around you. A gas
is m atter that has no definite shape
or volume. A gas takes the shape
and volume of its container.
Think about balloons being
blown up with a helium tank.
Helium is a gas. W hen it is in the
tank, it has a small volume. It has
the shape of the tank. When the gas
is used to fill balloons, it spreads
out. It then has a much greater
volume. It also changes shape. It
takes the shape of the balloons.
The particles in
a gas have more
energy than the
particles in a
liquid. In a gas,
the particles of
m atter can move
about freely.
Quick Lab
Compare Solids，
Liquids，and Gases
O Blow into an e m p ty gas
bag. Then q 니ickly seal
the bag.
10 Fill a second bag w ith
w ater and seal this bag.
P니t a rock in a th ird I
bag and seal it. liquid
O Observe Each bag
contains m a tte r in a
d iffe re n t state. How
does each bag look
and feel? Record y ᄋ니r
observations. solid
( 0 O bserve O pen each bag.
W h a t happens?
A Be Careful. Hold the
bag filled w ith w a te r over
a container. Then open it.
( 0 Com m unicate Describe
the p rop e rtie s o f a solid,
a liq 니id, and a gas. Tell
how these three states of
m a tte r are d iffe re n t from
one another.
Q uick Check
Classify List three liquids
you drink every day.
Critical Thinking Suppose
a balloon filled with helium
bursts. What would happen
to the gas?
387
EXPLAIN
How do you use
all the states of matter?
Solids, liquids, and gases are all around you.
You use them in many ways. M any of the foods
you eat are solids. Your body needs water, a
liquid. You need oxygen, a gas from the air. ▲ Oil, a liquid, helps a
Oxygen helps you get the energy you need from bicycle chain m ove
sm oothly.
the food you eat.
You use the states of m atter in other ways
too. You can find three states of m atter on a
bicycle, for example. M any parts of the bicycle
are made of solids. The handlebars, seat, and
the rubber of the tires are solids. The tires are
filled w ith air, a gas. The oil on the bicycle
chain is a liquid.

Quick Check
Classify What are three states of matter ▲ You p u m p air into th e
found on a bicycle? tires to in flate them .

Critical Thinking How do you use the

different states of

Th e bicycle fra m e
is solid. It has to be
solid to keep th e
bicycle to g e th e r. ►

38 8
EXPLAIN
 Lesson Review
Visual Summary
A solid is m a tte r
th a t has a certain
v 이 니 me and shape.
Think, Talk, and Write
O V o c a b u la ry W h a t is m a tte r th a t
does not have a certain shape
or size?

o C lassify W h a t kind o f m a tte r is this

book? W h a t kind o f m a tte r is w a te r?
A liquid is m a tte r W h a t kind of m a tte r is air?
th a t has a certain
volum e b 니t not a
certain shape.

A gas is m atter
th a t does not have
0 C ritic a l T h in k in g Com pare solids,
a certain volum e or
liq 니ids, and gases. How are th e y
shape.
alike? How d o they differ?

O T e s t P re p M atter that spreads

Make a out to fill its container is a
Study Guide A gas.
Make a layered- B liquid.
look book. Use it C mass.
to s 니m m arize w hat D solid.
you learned about
states o f matter.
0 E ssen tial Q u e s tio n W h a t are the
states o f m atter?

Hath Link I ^ Art Link

Solve a Problem Make a Poster

A heli 니m tank can inflate 126 large Draw diagram s th a t show the
balloons. It can inflate three tim es differences a m o n g solids, liq 니ids,
as many small balloons. How many and gases. W rite a brief explanation
small balloons can the tank inflate? o f each diagram .

—Review S 니 m m a rie s a n d q u iz z e s o n lin e a t www.macmillanmh.com _____ 389

EVALUATE
Writing in Science
Descriptive Writing ᄀ
D e s c r ib e M a^ + er A good description

Yᄋ니 can describe m atter in many ► includes describing words

ways. How w ould y ᄋ니 describe a
pizza to someone who has never
seen one? How does it look? How
does it smell? These are some o f the
pizza’s observable properties. How
big is the pizza? W hat is its mass?
These are some o f its meas 니rable
properties. Is it a solid or a liquid?
This is its state o f matter.
to tell how something
looks, sounds, feels, smells
or tastes;
卜 uses details to create a
picture for the reader;
^ groups together details in
an order that makes sense.

參 W rite A bout It
D e s c rip tiv e W ritin g T h in k o f an o b je c t
y o u use e v e ry day, s 니 ch as y ᄋ 니 r b o o k
bag. H o w w ᄋ 니 Id y ᄋ니 d e s c rib e it to
s o m e o n e w h o has n e v e r seen it b e fo re ?
Use th e o b j e c t ’s p r o p e r tie s t o w r it e a
d e s c r ip tio n o f th e o b je c t.

-jo u rn a l W rite a b o u t it online

at w w w .m a c m illa n m h .c o m

390
EXTEND
Math in Science

Measuring Perimeter
Solids come in many shapes
and sizes. They can be round like Find the Perimeter
a ball or sq 니are like a brick. They ► To find the perim eter of an
object, add the lengths of all
can be h 니ge like a skyscraper or
of its sides.
tiny like a grain o f sand. You can
6 + 2 + 6 +2 = 16
meas 니re the distance ar ᄋ니nd a This rectangle’s perim eter is 16.
solid. The distance ar ᄋ니nd a solid 6
object is called the perim eter.

哩 X

ᄂ책 Solve It
Fin d th e p e r im e t e r o f th e red s q 니are. F in d th e
p e r im e te r o f th e b lu e tria n g le . H o w ca n y o 니 fin d
th e p e r im e te r o f th e e n tire house? Try it.

391
EXTEND
 Fill each blank w ith th e best term
Visual Sum m ary from th e list.
Lesson 1 M atter is elements, p. 368 matter, p. 364
a n ything th a t has
v 이 니 me and mass. gas, p. 387 metric system, p. 374
Yᄋ니 can 니se prop ertie s
gravity, p. 378 properties, p. 365
to describe and
id e n tify m atter. liquid, p. 386 solid, p.384
Lesson 2 M atter can mass, p. 365 volume, p. 365
be measured using
to o ls th a t record
standard 니nits. 1. M atter w ith no certain shape or
volum e is a

2 . The am ᄋ니 nt o f space an o bject

Lesson 3 Solids, takes 니다 is i t s _______
liquids, and gases are
3. Scientists make meas 니rements
three form s o f m atter.
니sing t h e _______

4 . If m a tte r has a certain volum e

b 니t not a certain shape, it is in a
_______ state.
■' ■^볘촬ᅵ뼈빼빼볼뼈 ......vuaff'—
Y1

Make a 5. The p 니lling force th a t holds y ᄋ니

■화투
on Earth is c a lle d _______
Study Guide
Glue y ᄋ니r lesson s t 니d y guides to 6 . M atter w ith a certain shape and
a piece o f paper as shown. Use volum e is a _______
y ᄋ니r s t 니d y g 니ide to review w h a t
7. The am ᄋ니 nt o f m a tte r in an o bject
y ᄋ니 have learned in this chapter.
is i t s _______

8 . All m a tte r is m ade up o f ______

9. Size and co lor are exam ples of

.
10 A n yth in g th a t has mass and
volum e is _______

392 -G lossary W ords and d e fin itio n s online at w w w .m a c m illa n m h .c o m

 Skills and Concepts
lDOK2-3J
Answer each o f th e follow in g.
11. S um m arize Nam e three
properties o f an o b je ct th a t you
can measure 니sing the m etric
system. W h a t standard 니nits
w ould y ᄋ니 use fo r each?
12. Descriptive W riting W rite a
brief d escription o f a solid,
a liq 니id, and a gas. Incl 니de a
diagram w ith your description.
13. Measure W h a t steps do y ᄋ니
take to m e a g r e the mass o f an
o b je c t w ith a pan balance?
14. Critical Thinking W here can
y ᄋ니 find the three states of
m a tte r in a car?
15. Critical Thinking Hannah has
a rock, a measuring o jp , and
some water. How can she
m e a s 니 re t h e v 이 니 m e o f a ro c k ?
16. Infer How could y ᄋ니 find ᄋ니t
w h a t is inside a brow n paper
bag w ith ᄋ니t looking inside?
17. W h a t p rop e rtie s m ig h t the tw o
objects shown below have in
com m on? How do y ᄋ니 th in k
their properties m ig h t be
different?
-R ev iew S um m aries and quizzes online at w w w .m a c m illa n m h .c o m
— —
18. True or False A ir can n o t be
weighed. Is this sta te m e n t true
or false? Explain.
19. In the m e tric system the v 이 니 me
of a liquid is measured in
A liters. C centim eters.
B inches. D meters.
2 0 . W h a t are some ways you can
describe m atter?
Performance Assessment
D O K 3J
What \s It KAadle Of?
► Make a b o o k a b o u t some o f the
m a tte r th a t s 니rr ᄋ니 nds y o 니 every
d a y—the clothes y ᄋ니 wear. Choose
some o f y ᄋ니 r favorite clothes.
Describe their physical properties.
► P니t a picture or d raw ing o f each
piece o f clo th in g on a page in your
book. Incl 니de a d e scriptio n o f the
properties o f the clo th in g next to
each item.
► Choose tw o pieces o f clothing.
Use their p roperties to describe
th e ir similarities and differences.
393
Test Preparation
D Look at the objects below. Q A m agnet can attract certain
types of objects.

Which object is attracted

to a magnet?
Which property do the tw o balls
have in common? A wood
A length B iron
B v 이니me C plastic
C shape D w ater
DOK 1
D color
DOK 1 □ W hy does a life preserver float
in water?
□ The mass of an object refers to
A A life preserver is large in size.
A how large it is.
B A life preserver has an e q 니al
B the a m ᄋ니nt of m a tte r it has.
a m o 니nt o f mass and v 이 니 me.
C w he th e r it will float.
C A life preserver has a small mass
D how m 니ch v 이 니 me it has. and a large v 이니me.
DOK I
D A life preserver has a large mass
□ Helium in a balloon is in which
and a small v이니me.
state of matter? DOK 2
A air
B gas
□ Which statem ent about m atter
is correct?
C solid A Matter is to o small to be seen
w ith ᄋ니t a microscope.
D liq 니id
DOK I B Matter comes fro m the Sun.
C All m a tte r can be seen.
D All m a tte r takes 니p space.
DOK 2

393A
Q Look at the picture 0 Make a table like the one
of a pan balance. shown below.
Property Metric Unit
length
mass
volum e

Fill in the table with the correct

m etric units.
DOK I

Which property of m atter does jE Make a table like the one

shown below.
the pan balance measure?
A mass State Definite D efinite
of M atter Volum e Shape
B w e ig h t
solid
C volum e liquid
D m agnetism gas
DOK 1

□ Look at the picture Place an X 'm the correct column

of a spring scale.
for each state of m atter.
DOK I

Com pare and contrast the

spacing and m ovem ent of the
particles in each state of m atter.
You can use a drawing to help
explain your answer.
DOK 2

Which property of m atter does

the spring scale measure? Check Your Understanding ^
ᅵ
A mass
Question Review Question Review
B w e ig h t 1 6 pp. 364-365

C volum e 2 p. 365 7 pp. 376-377

D m agnetism 3 p. 387 8 p. 378

DOK 1 4 p. 367 9 pp. 374-376

5 p. 366 10 pp. 384-387

393B
 Change JiJ \ iiii

In what ways can

matter change?

Essential Questions

Lesson I
How can matter
change states?
Lesson 2
What happens when
matter goes through
a physical change?
Lesson 3
What happens when
matter goes through
a chemical change?

빼 ^ §

rusty shipwreck, Straits of Magellan, Chile

||느
| Big Idea V o ca b u la ry
m elt to change fro m a
solid to a liquid (p. 398)

boil w hen a heated liq 니id

changes in to a gas (p. 399)

physical change a change

in th e w ay m a tte r looks
(p . 4 0 8 )

m ixture d iffe re n t kinds

o f m a tte r m ixed to g e th e r
(p. 41ᄋ)

solution w hen one or

m ore kinds o f m a tte r are
m ixed even ly in to a n o th er
kind o f m a tte r (p. 411)

chem ical change a

change th a t ca 니ses
d iffe re n t kinds o f m a tte r
to fo rm (p. 418)

V is it w w w .m a c m illa n m h .c o m fo r on lin e resources.

A winter storm can bring snow and
ice. W hat happens to snow on a warm
sunny day? W hat causes this change?
bxpiore
What happens when ice Materials
is heated?
Make a Prediction
How does ice change as it is heated?
Make a prediction.
therm om eter
Test Your Prediction
O Measure Place a th e rm o m e te r in a a j p o f ice.
Meas 니re the te m p e ra t 니re o f the ice. Record the
tem p e ra tu re in a table like the one shown.
O Place the a j p in a warm place, s 니ch as on plastic cup
a sunny windowsill. of ice

O M e a s u re Stir the ice and m eas 니re its

t e m p e r a t 니re e v e r y te n m i n 니te s f o r t h e n e x t
spoon
h o 니r. Record the tem perature in the table.
O Describe how the ice changes.
丁e r n p e ^ a t u ^ e
Draw Conclusions
0 C o m m u n ic a te How did the ice change as
it was heated? Was y ᄋ니 r pred ictio n correct?
10 In fe r W h a t happened to the te m p e ra t 니re
of the w ater as the ice m elted? A t w hat
te m p e ra t 니re does ice melt?

Explore
Predict W h a t will happen to the w ater as
it c o n tin 니es to sit in the w arm place after the ice
has m elted? Test y ᄋ니 r prediction to find out.

"""
; ■、
숙니。
IE -
二 ᅳ 에 수
LORE
▲
해- WM
.
 What happens when
matter is heated?
Essential Question
How can m atter W hen m atter is heated, it gains energy.
change states? Its tem perature rises. At certain temperatures,
Vocabulary m atter will change state.
melt, p. 398 Changing from a Solid to a Liquid
boil, p. 399 If you heat most solids to a high enough
evaporate, p.399 temperature, they will melt. To melt is to change
condense, p. 400 from a solid to a liquid. Different kinds of matter
freeze, p. 401 melt at different temperatures. Ice melts at a
lower temperature than rocks. Ice melts at
Reading Skill O
32°F (0°C). Rocks melt at over 1,100°F (593°C)!
Predict
f W h a t 1 Predict 1 W hat Happens
Remember that all matter is made up of
tiny particles. In solids these particles are held
closely together. When a solid is heated and gains
energy, its particles begin to move away from
Technology
e -G lo ssa ry , e-Review , one another. They flow around one another and
and anim atio ns online are no longer held tightly together. This causes
a t www.macmilianmh.com the solid to lose its shape. It becomes a liquid.

< The lava flow ing

from this volcano
is rock th at m elted
d eep beneath
Earth’s surface.

EXPLAIN
Changing from a Liquid to
a Gas
If you heat a liquid to a high
enough tem perature, it will b o il.
When the liquid boils, it changes
from a liquid to a gas. Energy from
heat causes the particles in a liquid to move
These w e t
faster. They spread apart. The liquid turns into a gas. clothes w ill be
Bubbles form. dry w hen th e
w a ter finishes
Liquids can also e v a p o ra te , or change into a gas evap o ratin g .
w ithout boiling. When wet clothes are placed in the
Sun, the w ater in the clothes evaporates. The Sun
heats water droplets in the clothes. The w ater turns
slowly into a gas, and the clothes dry. The gas state
of w ater is called water vapor. You can not see w ater
vapor, but it is part of the air.

Heating Water

solid liqu id

Read a Diagram 가----------------

W hat happens when you heat ice? o Q uick Check
Clue: Arrows show a seq니ence. Predict What will happen
to cheese when it is heated?
^ ^ ^ 5 c / e n c e in Motion w a tc h h o w m a tte r
ch a n g e s a t www.macmillanmh.com Critical Thinking How does
a blow dryer get your hair dry?

399
EXPLAIN
 What happens when
matter is cooled?
When matter is cooled, it loses energy.
Its tem perature drops. At certain
tem peratures, m atter will change state.
Changing from a Gas to a Liquid
If you cool a gas to the right
tem p eratu re, it will condense (kun«DENS).
To c o n d e n s e is to change from a gas to
a liquid. For example, on cool mornings,
small droplets of w ater called dew can
appear on grass and windows. (This；
▲ Dew forms when w ater vapor
happens w h en w a te r vapor in the air in the air cools and condenses.
touches cool objects and loses energy.
Particles of w ater vapor come closer
together. They change into drops of
liquid water.

W ater vapor in this bull’s breath

condenses on a cold day.
.r

3r
lt 카vI비
»v
.

I
Changing from
a Liquid to a Solid
If you cool a liquid to the
right tem perature, it will freeze.
To fre e z e is to change from a
liquid to a solid. The particles in
the liquid lose energy and move
slower and closer together. They
get locked into position and
form a solid. For example, when
you put liquid w ater into the
freezer, it loses energy. It cools to
a certain tem perature and turns
into ice.
세 W h en juice is cooled enough,
it will free ze and becom e a solid.
o Quick Check
Condense Water Vapor
O Observe Feel an e m p ty plastic
a jp . Does it feel w e t or dry?
Does it feel h o t or cold?
Record y ᄋ니r observations.
^ Fill y ᄋ니 r c 니p w ith ice
a 」bes. Next add cold
w ater to the a jp .
0 O b serve Feel y ᄋ니r c 니p
again. Does the cup feel
w e t or dry? Does the cup
feel hot or cold? Record
y ᄋ니 r observations.
10 O b se rve Look at y ᄋ니r c 니p after
five minutes. W h a t do y ᄋ니 notice
a b o 니t the ᄋ니tside o f the a jp ?
Is it w et or dry?
10 Infer W here did the w a te r on
the c 니p com e from?
P re d ic t What will happen to
water vapor when it is cooled?
C ritic a l T h in k in g How could
you make an ice pop?
나이
EXPLAIN
How is water different from
other kinds of matter?
M ost kinds of m atter shrink as they freeze. Their
particles get packed more closely together. They take
up less space. Yet water gets larger when it freezes.
As w ater freezes, its particles move around. They
make a special pattern. Empty spaces form between
the particles. The frozen w ater takes up more space
than the liquid water. This is why freezing a glass of
w ater cracks the glass.
Ice floats in liquid water. This keeps lakes and
ponds from freezing from the bottom up. Living
things can survive under the ice.

o Quick Check
Predict What would happen if you put
a plastic bottle filled with liquid water in
the freezer? Why does this happen?

Critical Thinking Describe how water

changes when it melts.
The particles in ice are
m ore spread out than the
particles in liquid water.
This is w hy ice floats.

liquid w ater

Ice, liq 니id water, and w ater vapor are all form s o f water.
0 m ,i
 Lesson Review
Visual Summary Think, Talk, and W rite
W hen most solids O V o c a b u la ry W h a t happens w hen
are heated, th e y melt a gas condenses?
into liquids. W hen
a liquid is heated, it
o P re d ic t A fte r a rainstorm, the S 니n
changes into a gas.
com es ᄋ니t and shines brightly. W h a t
will happen to peddles o f rainwater?
W hen a gas cools,
it 니sually condenses W h a t 1 P re d ict W h a t H appen 금 |
,
1 {

into a liquid. W hen

I
1

a liquid cools, it 1.
!
. \ *-

freezes into a solid. t z :

W ater is a special
e C ritic a l T h in k in g Yᄋ니 see d rop s o f
kind o f matter. It w a te r on the b a th ro o m m irro r a fte r a
gets larger when shower. W h a t ca 니sed the w a te r d rop s
it freezes. to form ?

o T e s t P rep How is w ater different

Make a from other liquids?
Study Guide A W a te r gets larger as it freezes.
Make a layered- B W a te r gets smaller as it freezes,
look book. Use c W a te r stays the same as it freezes.
it to s 니mmarize ᅳ커
~
ᅵ一~ ~ ••~ ~ ■； .. . ᅳ ： d W a te r never freezes.
_ Solid
w hat y ᄋ니
►QaS 一
learned a b o u t ᄏ
''계1' 0 Essential
the changes of Gas —>
■Liquid Q u e s tio n How can m a tte r
state fo r matter.
LHwid Soi； d change states?
Wqfer^ ' ' —

Writing Link Hath Link

W rite a Story Find the Difference

Describe how y ᄋ니r life would be
d ifferent if liquids changed into
solids when heated. For example,
it c ᄋ니Id snow when the tem perature
ᄋ니tside was very hot.
Ice m elts at 32°F. W ater boils at
212°F. How m any degrees are there
betw een w a te r ’s m elting and boiling
tem peratures?

—Review S u m m a rie s a n d q u iz z e s o n lin e a t www.macmillanmh.com 403

EVALUATE
ᅩ

Focus on Skills
Inquiry Skill: Predict
Yᄋ니 j 니st learned ab ᄋ니t how liquids change
to solids. W hich do you th ink freezes faster:
salt w ater or freshwater? To find answers to
questions like this, scientists first predict w hat
th eyT h in k will happen7Next, they experim ent
to find ᄋ니t w hat does happen. Then, they
com pare their res 니Its w ith their prediction.

卜Learn It
W h e n y ᄋ니 predict, y ᄋ니 s ta te th e possib le res 니Its
o f an e ve n t or e xp e rim e n t. It is im p o r ta n t to record
y ᄋ니 r p re d ic tio n b e fo re y ᄋ니 d o an e x p e rim e n t. Next,
y ᄋ니 re cord y ᄋ니r o b s e rv a tio n s as y ᄋ니 e x p e rim e n t and
re co rd th e final res 니Its. Then y ᄋ니 have e n ᄋ니gh data
to f i g 니re ᄋ니t if y o u r p re d ic tio n was co rre ct.

Ice floats on the salt w ater

o fS h o u p Bay in Alaska.
 Skill Builder

卜Try It
W h ic h d o y ᄋ니 th in k freezes faster,
salt w a te r o r freshw ater? Predict w h a t
W lnicln f f r e e z e s f a s t e r ?
will happen w hen you freeze fre sh w a te r
and salt water. W rite ycujr p re d ic tio n on
a c h a rt like th e one shown. Then d o an t^y PteA'icfions
e x p e rim e n t to test y ᄋ니r prediction.

^ m e a s u rin g cup, w a te r, O^sets/aftons

2 p la s tic cups, salt, m e as u rin g s p o o n of {teslnWafet
O Pᄋ니r 125 m illilite rs o f w a te r
in to a p la stic o jp . Label this Ob^ets/afionS
c 니 p Freshw ater.
of saltwater
Pour 125 m L o f w a te r in to a n o th e r
pla stic o j p . A d d 1 ta b le s p o o n o f Results
salt and s tir w ith a spoon. Label
this cu p S a lt Water.
e Place b o th cups in to the freezer.
C heck th e m e very 15 m in 니tes.
Draw or w r ite y ᄋ니 r o b servations.
N o w a nsw er these q 니e sti ᄋ ns. W h ic h
freezes faster: fre s h w a te r or salt w a te r?
Was y ᄋ니r p re d ic tio n co rre ct?

► Apply It
N o w th a t y ᄋ니 have learned to
th in k like a scientist, make a n o th e r
p re d ic tio n . Do y ᄋ니 predict th a t salt
w a te r o r fre s h w a te r w ill e va p o ra te
faster? Plan an e x p e rim e n t to
find o u t if y ᄋ니r p re d ic tio n
is correct.

i m t
F re s h Salt
W ater W ater

f
EXTEND
Changes take place around you all
the time. This clay is changing shape
W hat objects around you change
every day? H ow do they change?
 Explore Inquiry A ctivity

How can you change matter? Materials

Purpose
Find ᄋ니t some ways y ᄋ니 can change matter.

Procedure
O Make a table like the one shown below.
paper

O b je ct C lnan^ e P r o p e r t i e s c ln a n g e A
M odeling

Papet 겋
C la y clay

Ice c u b e s

ice cubes
O Observe Look at each object. W h a t
properties does each o b je c t have? How can
y ᄋ니 change each object? Record y ᄋ니r plan. 언 ^^、 -
"

scissors
* 0 Experim ent Change each object.
W h a t properties does each have now?
Record the p ro p e rty th a t has changed.
A Be Careful. Handle scissors carefully.

Draw Conclusions
◎ How are the objects d iffe re n t after y ᄋ니
m ade the changes?
0 Infer Do y ᄋ니 th in k y ᄋ니 changed the kind
of m a tte r making 니다 the object? Explain.

Explore
Experim ent W h a t w ould happen if y o 니
added a spoon o f salt to a a j p o f water?
How w ould the salt and w ater change? How
c ᄋ니Id y ᄋ니 remove the salt from the water?

wm 407
 Read and Learn What are physical changes?
M atter can change. A physical change
k Essential Question
(FIH.zih.kul CHAYNJ) is a change in the w ay
W h at happens when
m atter goes through
m atter looks. Tearing a sheet of paper is a
a physical change? physical change. The size and shape of the
^ Vocabulary paper are different, but the paper is still paper.
physical change, p. 408 M atter looks different after a physical change,
mixture, p.410
but it is still made of the same kind of matter.
solution, p. 411 A change of state is also a physical change.
When liquid water freezes, its state changes
^ Reading Skill O
from a liquid to a solid. The water looks
Draw Conclusions
different, but it is still water.
Text Clues C onclusions 1
N ot all types of m atter change in the same
way. If you pull on a rubber band, it stretches.
■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
When you let go, it returns to its original size.
Technology If you pull on a metal spoon, nothing happens.
e -G lo ssa ry and e-R eview online
If you pull on a piece of thread, it might break.
a t www.m acm illanm h.com

Painting an ob ject does not change

w hat the object is m ade of. ▼
 Solid steel is m elted into a liquid.
The m elted steel can be shaped
to m ake th e fram e of a car.

The steel hardens. Now it is a solid.

It is com bined w ith o th er m aterials
to m ake a car.

The steel is now p art o f a car. The car

is ready to drive on the highway.

In tim e, th e car is crushed. The steel

can be m elted and used again to m ake
oth er steel products.

Read a Chart
W hat physical changes have happened
to the steel?
Clue: Notice how the steel has changed in
each photograph. Use the captions to help.

o Quick Check
Draw Conclusions Why is a change of state
a physical change?

Critical Thinking M ake a list of three physical

changes you could make to a piece of paper.

409
EXPLAIN
 What happens when you
mix matter?
Another kind of physical change is a mixture
(M IH K S .c h u r). A m ix tu re is different kinds of
m atter mixed together. W hen you pour milk
on your cereal, you are making a mixture.
In a mixture the properties of each kind of
m atter might change. For example, the cereal
might get soggy. However, the milk is still milk,
and the cereal is still cereal.
A mixture can be a com bination of solids, ▲vvhat makes up
liquids, and gases. Vegetable soup is a mixture this mixture?
of liquids and solids. Salad dressing can be a
mixture of different liquids. Clouds are a mixture
of air, dust, and water droplets.

O cean w a te r is a m ixture.
It contains m any different
types o f m atter, including
salt, w ater, and oxygen.

Solutions can be solid.

-v' 하L —
Solutions
There are many kinds of mixtures. One kind of
mixture is a solution (suhH _EW *shun). A s o lu tio n
forms when one or more kinds of m atter are mixed
evenly into another kind of matter.
Salt water is a solution. If you add salt to water,
the salt mixes evenly with the water. You can not see
the salt, but it is still there. If the w ater evaporates,
the salt will be left behind.
N ot all solids form solutions in liquids.
Try to mix sand with water. The sand will just sink
to the bottom . Some things will not form solutions
no m atter how long you stir.
Some solutions contain no liquids at all. Air is
a solution of different gases. Brass is a solution of
several solids, including copper and zinc.

ᄂ▲ Brass is a solution
o f m etals. It is used
to m ake musical
instrum ents.^

^ Quick Check
Draw Conclusions Do all kinds of
matter form solutions with water?
Explain your answer.

Critical Thinking You can not see

that salt is in salt water. How do
you know it is there?

mi
EXPLAIN
Quick Lab
Separating Mixtures
O Mix some sand, marbles, and
paper clips to g e th e r in a bowl.
o Experim ent Design an
experim ent to separate
this mixture.
40 Observe Were y ᄋ니 able to
com pletely separate the
m ix t 니re? How do y o 니 know?
O Experim ent How c ᄋ니Id y o 니
separate a m ix t 니re o f s 니gar
and water?
O bjects th a t float, such
as these cranberries,
can be separated from
objects th a t sink. ▼
How can mixtures
be separated?
Some properties help you separate
mixtures. These properties include
size, shape, and color. One way to
separate a mixture is to pick out each
different type of matter. In a mixture
of spaghetti and meatballs, you can
pick out the meatballs.
Another way to separate a mixture
is by evaporation. Leave a solution
of salt and water in a warm place. As
the water evaporates, the salt is left
behind. The photos below show some
other ways to separate mixtures.
o Quick Check
Draw Conclusions How can
you separate peas from carrots?
Critical Thinking List some
ways to separate sand from salt.
Magnets separate
Filters separate certain m etals from
m ixtures by size. ▼ oth er objects. ▼
 Lesson Review
Visual Summary Think, Talk, and Write
Physical changes O V o c a b u la ry W h a t is a m ixture?
ca 니se m a tte r to
look different. The
a D ra w C onclusions A s c u lp to r
kind o f m a tte r stays
carves a s ta t 니e ᄋ니t o f a rock. Is this a
the same.
physical change? How do y ᄋ니 know?

A mixture is a Text Clues C onclusions &

co m bina tio n of
tw o or more types
o f matter.

Some properties can

e C ritic a l T h in k in g
How could you
separate plastic p aper clips fro m
help y ᄋ니 separate a metal paper clips?
mixture.

o T e st P rep Noodles and broth could

be separated by
a heating in an oven.
Make a L잃 B boiling in a pot.
Study Guide c filtering.
Make a trifo ld Main
XdeaS
lwM i D freezing.
jjedrned... i %Serv°t,onsf
book. Use it to
s 니mmarize w h a t
y ᄋ니 learned about Mixtures 0 Essential Q u e s tio n W h a t happens
w hen m a tte r goes th r ᄋ니gh a physical
physical changes.
change?

용 Hath Link Art Link

Sort and Classify Materials Experim ent w ith Color e

W hat materials dissolve in water?
Try m ixing several materials, s 니ch as
salt, f l ᄋ니r, sugar, soil, and cooking
oil, w ith water. Then classify the
materials into g r ᄋ니ps to show which
dissolve and w hich do not. Make a
chart to show y ᄋ니r res 니Its.
Cut a circle ᄋ니t o f a coffee filter. Use
a black marker to draw a sp o t in the
center o f the filter. P 니t the filte r on
a plate. A d d a few drops of w a te r to
the spot. W atch w h a t happens. W h y
do y ᄋ니 th in k this happens? W h a t
does this tell y ᄋ니 a b ᄋ니t ink?

■Review S u m m a rie s a nd q u iz z e s o n lin e a t w w w .m a cm illan m h .co m 413

EVALUATE
 Did y ᄋ니 use som ething made of metal
today? Yᄋ니 m ig h t have if y ᄋ니 ate breakfast
w ith a spoon or rode your bike to school.
Both are made o f metals.
Metals come from Earth. Metals
are found in ores. Ores are rocks that
have useful minerals. Some of these
minerals contain metals, s 니ch as silver
or copper. Ores can be f ᄋ니nd in all kinds
o f places, from volcanoes to river valleys
to mountains.
An ore is 니sually mined from the ground
Then it is crushed into powder. Magnets,
oil, chemicals, and streams of water can
be used to separate the minerals from
the pow dered rock. Later, these minerals
are heated to high tem peratures to draw
out the metals inside them. Once
separated, the metals ^
can be mixed w ith other
metals. Then the metals are
used to create p ro d 니cts,
such as the spoon or
bicycle y ᄋ니 used today.
 Science, Technology, and Society

Infer
W hen you infer,
► you use w hat you
already know;
► you use facts in
the article;
► you form new ideas.

J f W rite A bout It 1---------------------

In fe r Read the article with a p a rtn e r. Use what y ᄋ니
k n o w a n d w h a t y o 니 re ad in th e a r tic le t o a n s w e r th is
q 니e s ti ᄋ n. W h y do y o u th in k it is im p o r ta n t for p e o p le
to recycle metals? W r ite a p a ra g ra p h to share yᄋ니r ideas.

-jo u rn a l W rite a b o u t it o n lin e

a t www.macmillanmh.com

EXTEND
Lesson 3

Chemical
Changes| 농
u
p

Look and Wonder

Have you ever baked a cake? Why doesn’t
a cake taste like the ingredients it is made
from? W hat happens to the ingredients to
make them taste different?
 헤。.■■ ■■

Explore 、一
Inquiry A ctivity

How can matter change? Materials

Make a Prediction
How do flour and baking soda change when
each is mixed w ith vinegar? Make a prediction.

Test Your Prediction vinegar flour baking

—_ Be Careful. Wear goggles. soda
o O bserve List the properties o f the
vinegar, fl ᄋ니r, and baking soda.

o M e a s u re Use a funnel to p 니t
2 tablespoons o f f l ᄋ니r in one balloon.
goggles funnel
A d d 50 mL o f vinegar to a plastic bottle.

應 월
0 E x p e r im e n t Caref 니lly，p u t the balloon

|
over the bottle's opening w it h ᄋ니t letting
any flo u r fall into the bottle. A fte r y ᄋ니
attach the balloon, raise it 니p so the
f l ᄋ니r goes into the bottle. Record y ᄋ니r measuring cup and spoons
observations.
A.
O Repeat steps 2 and 3 니sing the second
balloon and baking soda instead o f flour.

Draw Conclusions 2 balloons 2 plastic

0 Did y ᄋ니r res 니Its match y o 니r prediction? bottles
Explain y ᄋ니r answer.
0 Infer W h a t do y o 니 th in k ca 니sed the
differences in the balloons?
m

Explore More
Experim ent W h a t m ig h t happen to the
balloon if you add 2 tablespoons of baking
soda and 50 mL of w ater to a container? Try
it and find ᄋ니t.

wBKk

목隱
.
■
ᅵᅳᅭᅳᅳᅳ ♦ >
署 뼈 "***뼈 飞
JUtea.!.. ^K' .
 What are chemical changes?
You might have seen an apple turn brown
E s s e n tia l Q u e s tio n
or a burning log change into ash and smoke.
W hat happens when
m atter goes through Both are examples of a chemical change
a chemical change? (KE*mihM<니 I CHAYNJ). A chem ical ch ang e is a
V o c a b u la r y
change that causes different kinds of matter
chemical change, p. 418 to form. The properties of the new m atter are
different from those of the original materials.
R e a d in g S k ill O
In fe r Chemical changes happen every day. Your
body uses chemical changes to break down
Chjes W hat 1 W hat 1
Know Infer the food you eat. Green plants use the Sun，
s
energy to change carbon dioxide and water
into food and oxygen. Cooking also uses
T e c h n o lo g y chemical changes. Cake batter changes when
e-Glossary and e-Review online you bake it. You know that it has changed
a t www.m acm illanm h.com because it feels and tastes different.

A C h e m ic a l C h a n g e \

unripe ripe

A chem ical change happens when fruit ripens.

As bananas ripen, they change color. They also
becom e softer and sweeter.
R e a d a Di a g r a m 〉

How have the bananas in these

photographs changed?
Clue: Compare the three photographs
to find differences.

418
EXPLAIN

N ot all chemical changes are
useful. A car made from iron might
rust. Rust is very different from
iron. It is weaker and it peels. Food
spoils as a result of chemical changes.
Quick Lab
A Chemical Change
O Observe Look closely at
some pennies. Make a list
o f their properties.

M aterials in food can break down ◎ Place 1 teaspoon o f salt in a

bowl. A d d 150 mL o f vinegar.
and form new materials. W hen this
Stir until the salt dissolves.
happens, food might change color or
Experiment Dip a
smell bad. halfway into the
liquid. Slowly
Q Quick Check c ᄋ니nt to 20 as
y ᄋ니 hold the coin
Infer Is it a physical or chemical
there. Then remove .
change when milk spoils? Why? the penny. Compare the half
y o 니 held w ith the half th a t was
Critical Thinking How are
in the liq 니id.
chemical changes important to
living things? 10 Infer W h a t ca 니sed the change
in appearance?
What are the signs
of a chemical change?
Sometimes a chemical change happens
when different materials are put together.
Certain signs can show that a chemical
change has happened. Here are a few.
▲ Heat and light are
Light and Heat tw o signs of a
A burning log changes into carbon chem ical change.

dioxide gas and ash. As the log burns, it

releases light and heat. The light and heat
are signs of a chemical change.
Formation of Gas
The form ation of a gas can be a sign of a
chemical change. When you add baking soda
to vinegar, carbon dioxide gas forms. As this
gas escapes from the liquid, bubbles form. ▲ These bubbles tell
you th at a chemical
Color Change change is occurring.
Sometimes a color change shows that
a chemical change has happened. The Statue The Statue of Liberty
g o t its green color from
of Liberty used to be the same color as
a chem ical change. ▼
a penny. It turned green as a result
of a chemical change.

Quick Check
Infer Is a burning match a
physical or chemical change?
How do you know?

Critical Thinking Is sugar

dissolving in water a physical
or chemical change? Explain.

420
EXPLAIN
 Lesson Review
Visual Summary Think, Talk, and W rite
Chemical changes O V o c a b u la ry W h a t is a chemical
c a 니se different kinds change? Give an example.
o f m a tte r to form.

o In fe r Two clear liq 니ids are co m b in e d .

B 니bbles form. W h a t kind of c h a n g e
m ig h t have happened? Explain.
You observe chemical
changes every day. Clues W hat 1 W hat 1 1
K now Infer

Light and heat,

o C ritic a l T h in k in g Mrs. Hall w ip e d a
fo rm a tio n o f a gas,
discolored p o t w ith a special cleaner.
and a color change
The p o t returned to its original color.
are signs of a
W h a t happened?
chemical change.

O T e s t P re p W hich is a chemical
Make a change to a piece of paper?
S tud y G u ide A fold in g
Make a trifo ld b c u ttin g
Mdih W hat 工
book. Use it to 0bservatVof>5 c tearing
s 니m marize w h a t D b 니m ing
Chemical ~ ᅳ ~T
y ᄋ니 learned charges
a b ᄋ니t chemical are *.• 1
changes. 5^5 of 0 Essential Q u e s tio n W h a t happens
achemical
chanj€are- w hen m a tte r goes t h r ᄋ니gh a
볘 빼 빼 ^^ chemical change?

Hath Unk Social Studies Link

Solve a Problem Conduct Research

A log takes one h ᄋ니r to b 니rn d ow n
into ash. A banana t 니ms brow n
and m 니shy in f o 니r days. How many
h ᄋ니rs did the longer chemical
change take?
Bread is m ade d iffe re n tly in oth e r
c ᄋ니ntries. D iffe re n t ingredients
make d iffe re n t chemical changes.
Research h o w bread is made in
o th e r countries.

—Review S 니 m m a rie s a nd q u iz z e s o n lin e a t www.macmillanmh.com ______ 421

EV A LU A TE
Be a Scientist
Materials Structured Inquiry

How can physical and chemical

chalk
changes affect matter?
Form a Hypothesis
How will breaking chalk change the chalk? How
will adding vinegar to the chalk change it? W rite
hand lens a hypothesis.

Test Your Hypothesis

O Observe Break a piece of chalk in half.
Use a hand lens to look at the broken end of
the chalk. Record y ᄋ니r observations. Is this
black construction
paper a chemical or physical change?
O E xperim ent Rub one
o f the chalk pieces on a
piece o f black paper. Using
the hand lens, look at the
chalk on the paper. Record
w
~~W y ᄋ니r observations. Is this a
vinegar chemical or physical change?
O Experim ent Use a d ro p p e r to add
one d ro p o f vinegar to the chalk on the
하
black paper. Record your observations.
dropper Is this a chemical or physical change?

Draw Conclusions
O In terp re t Data W hat did you
observe? W hich changes were
physical changes? Was there
a chemical change?

4 22
EXTEND
O Infer Describe w h a t happened to the chalk when
y ᄋ니 added the vinegar. W h a t caused this to happen?
0 C om m unicate Use your observations to w rite y ᄋ니r
own definitions of chemical and physical change.

Guided Inquiry Open Inquiry

W h a t else w ou ld y ᄋ니 like to kn o w
What are the signs of a b o u t physical and chemical
a chemical change? changes? Think o f a q 니esti ᄋ n to
investigate. For example, how does
Form a Hypothesis iron rust? Design an e x p e rim e n t to
How can y ᄋ니 tell a chemical change answer y ᄋ니r question.
has happened? W rite a hypothesis.

Test Your Hypothesis

Design an e xperim ent to investigate
chemical changes. Use the materials
shown. W rite the steps y ᄋ니 plan
to follow. Record your res 니Its and
observations.

一 ^ 麵
plastic spoon milk
cups

wool vinegar soda

Draw Conclusions
W hat changes did y ᄋ니 observe?
Did your experim ent su p p o rt your
hypothesis? W h y or w h y not?

423
EXTEND
 Fill each blank w ith th e best term
Visual Sum m ary from th e list.
Lesson 1 A d d in g boil, p. 398 mixture, p.410
or removing heat
can cause m a tte r chemical change, melt, p.398
to change state. p. 418

Lesson 2 Matter condense, p. 400 physical change,

looks different after a
physical change, b 니t
it is still the same kind
o f matter.
Lesson 3 Chemical
changes ca 니se
d iffe re n t kinds of
m a tte r to form.
p. 408
evaporate, p. 399 solution, p. 411
freeze, p. 401 water vapor, p. 399
1. When you stir spaghetti and
meatballs together, y ᄋ니 make
a _______

2. Tearing a sheet o f paper is

a _______
f»3Np|벼뺴변빼빼떨
Make a B 2E E E S 3. If you a liq 니id, it
becomes a solid.
Study Guide
Glue y o 니r lesson s t 니d y guides to a 4 . A change th a t ca 니ses different
piece o f paper as shown. Use your kinds of m a tte r to fo rm is a
s tu d y g 니ide to review w hat y ᄋ니
have learned in this chapter.
5. To change from a liquid to a gas
slowly is t o _______
■*으
ᅳ 그
6 . When you mix salt w ith water,
II CKan^eSof Statej y ᄋ니 make a _______
iffM *...............*• 니-.—
,：
y3- Solid•^Li<^u.ici 7. To change from a solid to a liquid
醒 Upidᅳ »6-aS
Otxs—^Liquid is t o _______
y Liquid Solid
Water 8 . If y ᄋ니 c ᄋ이 a gas to the right
temperature, it w i l l _______ , or
turn into a liquid.

9. To change from a liquid to a gas

is t o _______

10. The gas state o f w ater is called

424 ■Glossary W ords and d e fin itio n s online at www.m.

 — [DOK 2-3 厂
Answer each o f th e follow ing.
11. Infer W hat kind of change ᄋcc 니rs
when y ᄋ니 toast bread? W hat
kind o f change o c c 니rs when
b u tte r melts on a piece o f toast?
Explain y ᄋ니r answer.
12. Expository W riting Describe
w h a t happens to w ater as
it freezes.
13. Predict It is a warm, sunny day.
Yᄋ니 leave a bar of chocolate on
the windowsill. How do y o 니 think
it will change? Can you change it
back?
14. Critical Thinking Yo 니 add sugar
to a glass o f lemonade and stir
it. Yo 니 can not see the s 니gar
anymore. The lem onade tastes
sweet now. W hat kind of m ix t 니re
is this? How do y ᄋ니 know?
15. Infer Two clear liquids are mixed
in a flask. The liquid inside the
flask t 니rns orange. Is this m ost
likely a physical or chemical
change? Explain.
16. S t 니dy the p h o to gra p h below.
In which tw o states of m a tte r
is w ater shown? Describe how
they are different.
-R ev iew Sum m aries and q u i z z e s online a t w w w .m a c m i ll a n m h .c o
17. True or False A brass tuba is a
solution. Is this s ta te m e n t tn je or
false? Explain.
18. True or False A glass o f
app le ju ic e is a solution. Is this
sta te m e n t tm e or false? Explain.
19. W hich o f the fo llo w in g best
describes w h a t happens when
a log b 니rns?
A A chemical change is taking
place.
B The logs are b e co m in g a liquid.
C The logs are g e ttin g bigger.
세 D The sm oke is boiling.
2 0 . In w h a t ways can
m a tte r change?
Perform ance Assessment
~ [P O K 3丁
A ct It ᄋMt!
W ith a partner, act ᄋ니t one
im p o rta n t te rm or idea fro m this
chapter. For example, y ᄋ니 c ᄋ니Id
choose a te rm s 니ch as m elt. You
can use props b 니t may not speak
du rin g y ᄋ니r skit.
Present y o u r skit to the class. Then
let o th e r s t 니dents guess the term.
W h a t in fo rm a tio n a b ᄋ니t y ᄋ니 r term
or idea d id you show? How did y ᄋ니
show it?
W h a t details helped y ᄋ니 guess
o th e r pairs' term s and ideas?
425
Q This chart shows the melting B Which is most likely a solution?
points of four substances. A glass o f grape juice
Melting B cup of vegetable scujp
Substance Tem perature (in °F)
C plate o f fru it salad
iron 2,795
silver 1,780 D bowl o f cereal w ith milk
DOK I
potassium 146
Q How do most types of m atter
brom ine 19
change as they are heated?
A They lose mass.
Which substance will most likely
be a liquid at room temperature? B They gain mass.
A iron C They take 니p less space.
B silver D They take up m ore space.
DOK I
C potassi 니m
W hat happens when
D brom ine w ater vapor cools?
DOK 2
A A gas becomes a solid.
B Look at these clothes that are
hanging outside to dry. B A gas becomes a liq 니id.
C The w a te r v a p o r freezes.
D The w a te r vapor evaporates.
DOK I

H Which is the best example

of a chemical change?
A o j t t in g a carrot
How will these clothes B tossing a salad
become dry?
C m elting ice
A melting
D rusting metal
B boiling DOK I

C evaporation
D condensation
DOK I

425A
Q The picture below shows a tool 0 A substance that gets larger
used to filter flour. when it freezes is
A air.
B oil.
C vinegar
D water.
DOK 1

flour sieve iTT Look at the ingredients

Which mixture could this tool shown below.
most likely separate?
A a m ixture o f w hite flour and
w h e a t f l ᄋ니r
B a m ixture o f w hite fl ᄋ니r and
p o w d e re d s 니gar
C a m ixture o f pow d e re d s 니gar
and rice
D a m ixture o f wheat fl ᄋ니r and
p o w d e re d s 니gar Describe one physical change
DOK 2 that can occur when using
these ingredients.
fl W hat process is shown DOK I
in the picture below?
Describe one chemical change
that can occur when using
these ingredients.
DOK I

Check Your Understanding

A m elting
Question Review Question Review
B boiling 1 p. 398 6 pp. 418-419

C p re cipita tio n 2 p. 399 7 p. 412

D condensation 3 pp. 410-411 8 p. 399

DOK 1
4 p. 398 9 p. 402

5 pp. 400-401 10 pp. 408-409,418-419

425B
 'i i..a

^뺄 별별^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 벼 빼
빼별빼
빼빼빼빼별빼별
별텔벌빼^
J
^
j J S jS ：J 3 J J S ：3설뻬볘 ^빼볘 별빼
빼별빼
빼벨빼

Environmental Chemist
Do you like helping keep plants and
animals healthy? Are you concerned
with keeping the environment clean?
If so, then you might like to be an
environmental chemist.
An environmental chemist is a type of
scientist. These scientists help keep the
water, land, and air free of pollution.
Pollution can hurt plants, animals, and
people. Environmental chemists protect
living things by helping clean up pollution. ▲ This scientist is collecting
Environmental chemists also show people data on w ater pollution.

how to reduce pollution.

To become an environmental chemist,
you should begin learning about the
environm ent where you live. Start a
recycling program in your home or at
school to reduce waste. You could also join
a group that helps protect the environment.

Here are some other

physical science careers：
• carpenter
• lab technician
• chemical engineer
This chem ist is testing to
• pharmacist see how much oil is left
on a beach after a spill.

4 ^ ^ -C aree rs aI w w w .m a c m illa n m h .c o m
426
 i,
HIM
■
나議lii
圖
：
m,

,1
U N IT E

國
i

h 했i
K
響

遍
Only To of an iceberg
can be seen above water.

B U IL D IN G SK ILLS

R[ 6 3 c lin ^
Writing
snd
Workbook
W ith
Contents
PH YSIC AL SCIENCE

C hapter 9 O bserving M atter

C h a p te r C o n c e p t M a p .................................................................................................. 4
Lesson 1 L e s s o n O 니 t l i n e ........................................................................................... 5
L e s s o n V o c a b 니 l a r y .................................................................................. 7
L e s s o n C lo z e A c t i v i t y ............................................................................. 8
R e a d in g in S c ie n c e ..................................................................................9
Lesson 2 L e s s o n O 니 t l i n e ..........................................................................................11
L e s s o n V o c a b 니 l a r y ................................................................................ 13
L e s s o n C lo z e A c t i v i t y ........................................................................... 14
Lesson 3 L e s s o n O u t l i n e ......................................................................................... 15
L e s s o n V o c a b u la r y ................................................................................ 17
L e s s o n C lo z e A c t i v i t y ........................................................................... 18
W r itin g in S c ie n c e .................................................................................. 19
C h a p t e r V o c a b u l a r y ....................................................................................... 2 1
C h a p te r T e s t A ..............................................................................................................2 3
L e s s o n 1 T e s t .................................................................................................................. 2 7
L e s s o n 2 T e s t.................................................................................................................. 2 8
L e s s o n 3 T e s t.................................................................................................................. 2 9
C h a p te r T e s t B ............................................................................................................. 3 0
P e rfo r m a n c e A s s e s s m e n t R u b r i c ................................................................34
P e rfo r m a n c e A s s e s s m e n t A c t i v i t y .............................................................. 35

C h a p t e r 10 C h a n g e s in Matter
C h a p te r C o n c e p t M a p ................................................................ 36
Lesson 1 L e s s o n O 니 t l i n e .........................................................................................3 7
L e s s o n V o c a b 니 l a r y ............................................................................... 3 9
L e s s o n C lo z e A c t i v i t y .......................................................................... 4 0
Lesson 2 L e s s o n O u t l i n e .........................................................................................4 1
L e s s o n V o c a b 니 l a r y ............................................................................... 4 3
L e s s o n C lo z e A c t i v i t y .......................................................................... 4 4
R e a d in g in S c ie n c e ............................................................................... 4 5
Lesson 3 L e s s o n O u t l i n e .........................................................................................4 7
L e s s o n V o c a b u la r y ............................................................................... 4 9
L e s s o n C lo z e A c t i v i t y ...........................................................................5 0
C h a p t e r V o c a b u l a r y ....................................................................................... 5 1
C h a p te r T e s t A .............................................................................................................. 5 3
L e s s o n 1 T e s t ...................................................................................................................5 7
L e s s o n 2 T e s t...................................................................................................................5 8
L e s s o n 3 T e s t...................................................................................................................5 9
C h a p te r T e s t B ..............................................................................................................6 0
P e rfo r m a n c e A s s e s s m e n t R u b r i c ................................................................ 6 4
P e rfo r m a n c e A s s e s s m e n t A c t i v i t y .............................................................. 65
CHAPTER N am e. Date.
Concept H a p y

Observing Matter
C om plete the chart below to show some of the
characteristics of m atter. Some answers have been
w ritten for you.

M atter

v o lu m e c o lo r ta s te

sw 지pe IaACᄊ sm ell

can b e m ea su re d
to o l used to m easu re m e tric unit

th e rm o m e te r +嘯 H0、\ 佩
d e g re e s Celsius

m le 「 le n g th Cl/vA

beaker or
liters
g r a d 니a te d c y lin d e r \i o \ \ J v d

p a n b a la n c e m ass
to y

s p r in g scale n e w to n s

exists in d iffe re n t states

s ta te d e fin ite v o lu m e ? d e fin ite shape?
ll!H-MDJool/\l/UDIIIEoDI/\j◎

s o lid yes

No. It ta k e s th e sh a p e o f
liq 니 id
its c o n ta in e r.
No. It ta ke s t h e sh a p e o f
g as ᄊ o
its c o n ta in e r.

I| C h ap ter 9 • Observing Matter

Reading and W ritin g
 LESSO N
Name
Outline

Properties of Matter
Use your textbook to help you fill in the blanks.

What is matter?

1. Everything that takes 니p space is .

2. The amount of space that an object takes 니다 is

its \/0UaNV본____ .

3. A large object has more v 이니 me than a(n)

object.

4. An object’s is eq 니al to the am ᄋ니nt

of matter it has.

5. An object that feels light, such as a beach ball, has

a(n) . iX) 슨' I______ mass.

6. A characteristic of matter is called a(n) 으/

W hat are some properties of matter?

7. Two properties of matter are v 이니 me a n d ____ /v' ■'

8. The size, smell, feel, a n d ~十°미代 씨 of an

object are also properties.

9. An object will sink or float beca 니se of it s ____

and mass.

10. An object with a small mass and a large volume will

니 s 니 a lly H o g 나_________.

C h ap ter 9 • Observing Matter Use w ith Lesson 1

R eading and W ritin g P ro p e rties of M a tte r
5
 LESSON Date
Outline
11. A n object w i t h a la rg e mass a n d a s m a ll volume w ill

니 s 니 a lly _

12. A m a g n e t p 니lls on o b je c t s made of —

13. M e ta ls are good m a te r ia l for c o o k i n g pots b e c a 니se

can move thr ᄋ니 gh them easily.

W hat is matter made of?

14. Matter is made of b 니ilding blocks called '

15. Most m atter c o n t a in s more t h a n ___________________

element.

16. The elements hydrogen a n d make

니p w a te r.

17. S 니g a r c o n t a in s t h e elements h y d r o g e n , o x y g e n ,

and

Critical Thinking
18. What are some properties that describe the matter in
a yellow pencil?

a C h ap ter 9 • O bserving Matter Use w ith Lesson 1

R eading and W ritin g Properties of M atte r
N am e_________________________________Date LESSON
V o c a b u la ry

Properties of Matter
Match each word in the box to its definition.
W rite its letter in the space provided.

a. c a rb o n c . m agnet e. m a tte r g. v o lu m e

b. e le m en ts d. mass f. p r o p e r ty

the am ᄋ니nt of space an object takes 니다

2. something that p 니lls on an object made

of iron

3. (X the third element in s니gar, along with hydrogen and

oxygen

4. the size, shape, feel, or smell of something

5. anything that takes 니다 space

6. the b 니ilding blocks of matter

7. a meas니re of the am ᄋ니nt of matter in an object

C h ap ter 9 • Observing Matter Use w ith Lesson 1

Reading and W ritin g P ro p erties of M a tte r
LESSON N am e________________________________ D a te .
Cloze A c tiv ity

Properties of Matter
Fill in th e b lan k s .

세
: 2::r*아r•***、 나
**«*1*：
나
“ ev>네*.-：
t

e le m e n ts mass p ro p e rtie s vo lu m e

m a g n e tis m m a tte r small

Everything ar ᄋ니nd y ᄋ니 takes 니p space. Anything

that takes 니p space is made of _ . The

am ᄋ니nt of space an object takes 니p is its _ ji / 6>i U ^ g

The v 이니 me of an object tells how big or 9 / 카^

it is. For example, a bowling ball has more v 이니 me than

a tennis ball. Bowling balls are heavier than tennis balls

beca 니se bowling balls have more matter. A bowling ball

therefore has more j22산 _______ than a tennis ball.

The color, shape, feel, and smell of an object are its

^ . Objects have many different kinds of

properties, such as lf)CiUjT) and conducting

IIIH -M D J9 0 I/M/UDIIIE0 DJAI

heat. All matter is made 니p of b 니ilding blocks called

_. Different combinations of elements

◎

make 니다 all matter.

o C h apter 9 • Observing M atter Use w ith Lesson 1

R eading and W ritin g Properties of M atte r
Name Date R eading
in Science

Meet Neil deGrasse Tyson

Read the Reading in Science feature in your textbook.

W rite About It
Main Idea and Details Read the article with a partner.
What is the main idea? What details add to the main
idea? Fill in a main-idea chart. Then write a few
sentences to explain the main idea.

Use the graphic organizer to com plete the main idea

and supporting details found in the article.

Main Idea
Y ᄋ니r body contains hydrogen, carbon, and m any o th e r

. They fo rm e d in (강j d r ^ ______

long ago.

Most elements S tars Over

form inside the
[ajier ti 씬 .
fh'illiom 6-f y\ftau
Cf/rfej (yf 9hrS. elements into space. these eleme 6ts
combine to
Hydrogen form new
COnnbm^S S r jg r s
to form all of the planets, or
other elements.
I아 j ᅥh i 뿌 _

C h ap ter 9 • Observing Matter Use w ith Lesson 1

R eading and W ritin g P ro p erties o f M atte r
9
 Reading N am e________________________________ Date
面 n Science

Planning and Organizing

Answer the questions below about the article.
1. What does Dr. Neil deGrasse Tyson st 니dy?

hoU 如 W山
2. Where does Dr. Tyson work?

l새h o fj fie Hi/)cu/n g / j h f o f 사

3. What is y ᄋ니r body made 니p of?

% r a d ^ J 陳 h f c r fh e r e im c r ^

4. Where do most elements form? //?

5. What combines to form all the other elements? /?

6 . How do these elements make their way from the stars

to y ᄋ니r b o d y?

Wo(^ ScM ier e k /m r^ 무^v r m t de 淡rttt f

fO/yikr)e 士n /?(々// 어dr으 ᅵ
pf(?neU o r il^/h
ᅧ i) h 전 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Drafting
► Start by w ritin g a c le a r statem ent that describes the
main idea of the article.
= H - M o J 9 oIAI/UD=EoDl/\J◎

► Write three s니pporting details.

► Read what y ᄋ니 have written. Cross ᄋ니 t anything that
does not directly s니pport the main idea.
► Exchange papers with y ᄋ니 r partner and ask him or her
to check ycujr choice of a main idea. Have y ᄋ니r partner
also check y ᄋ니r choice of s니pporting details.

I rj C h ap ter 9 • Observing Matter Use w ith Lesson 1

R eading and W ritin g P roperties of M atter
 LESSON
N am e____________________ ᅩ____________________________
거 _
Outline

Measuring Matter
Use your textbook to help you fill in the blanks.

How is matter measured?

1. The sizes, or am ᄋ니nts, of matter in objects can be

compared by {\\^(^S>(AT\y)CA ■

2 . A 니nit of meas니rement that^5eople agree to 니se is

called a .

3. Standard units of measure in the Cy-

are meters, grams, and liters.

4. A thermometer is 니sed to meas니re the .

of a s니bstance or an object.

5. In the metric system, v 이니 me is meas니red

in \ I'fptcS_______ ■

6 . Scientists 니se eq 니ipment s니ch as

and nfaJl/af/'J meas니re v 이니 me.

How do we measure mass?

7. The mass of an object can be meas니red on

II! 工 -/\ADJ9 ol/\j/UDI

a(n) n/?/? dalgnre

8. The am ᄋ니nt of m atter in an object is referred to as

一!
EODIAI ◎

its pV2SS .

9. In the metric system, mass is m eas 니red in ^

C h ap ter 9 • Observing M atter Use w ith Lesson 2

R eading and W ritin g M easuring M atte r
 LE S S O N Date
Outline
10. An object with particles packed tightly together has
more mass than an object in which particles

are

How are mass and weight different?

11. T h e f o r c e t h a t p 니 lls objects t o E a r th is c a l l e d (

12. The meas 니re of the am ᄋ니nt of gravity p 니lling an

o b j e c t t o w a r d E a r th is its ^ 6 \n .

13. The weights of certain objects can be meas니red

니 s in g a (n ) 씩 s(.^k ■

Critical Thinking
14. Why w o 니Id a brick have the same mass on the Moon
as it has on Earth, b 니t weigh less on the Moon?

■o C h ap ter 9 • Observing M atter Use w ith Lesson 2

R eading and W ritin g Measuring M atte r
 M
LESSON
Name
V o c a b u la ry

Measuring Matter
W h a t am I?

Choose a w ord from the box below that answers

each question.

ja tf gravity mete「 pan balance ^g^^spring scale

기 brliter etric system ^ s ta n d a r d 니nit h. weight

c I am the unit of length in the metric system.

What am I?

2. JP I am a 니nit of meas 니re that people agree to 니se.

What am I?

3. 已 I am a tool 니sed to meas니re mass.

What am I?

I am different on the Moon than on Earth.

4.
t(\i
What am I?

5. ( I am a tool 니sed to meas 니re weight.

1 What am I?

6. (1 I am a system 니sed by scientists to make acojrate

meas니rements of matter. What am I?
1
i i !h
- m o j o o i /\i / u d i i ! e o d i a ◎

i) I am a 니nit of liq 니id volume in the metric system.

What am I?

8. fk I am the force that keeps objects from floating off

i

into space. What am I?

C h ap ter 9 • Observing Matter Use w ith Lesson 2

Reading and W ritin g M easuring M a tte r
13
LESSON N am e________________________________ Date
Cloze A c tiv ity w

Measuring Matter
Fill in th e b la n k s .

g r a v ity m e tr i^ s y s t e m wepgfrt

met^S tig h t ly

All matter is made of small particles. Some objects

contain particles that are far apart and some have

m a n y p a r t ic le s p a c k e d 구L / to g e th e r.

Therefore, an object like a bowling ball has more mass

than an object like a balloon beca 니se it has more

particles that are close together.

The ^_____ o f an o b je d t o n E a r th is th e

same as it is on the Moon because the number of

particles in an object stays the same. However, an

object’s \JciQni____ on Earth is greater than it

would be on the Moon because the pull of

II! 工 -/V\DJ0 O1/\1/U D II!E O D 1AI

nra\/d y ᅳ is g r e a t e r o n E a r th th a n it is o n th e

Moon. Scientists 니se the C ^ to measure

matter. Scientists 니se these meas 니res often in their

◎

daily work.

| u C h ap ter 9 • Observing Matter Use w ith Lesson 2

R eading and W ritin g Measuring M atter
 LESSON
N am e________________________________ D a te _________
Outline

Solids，
Liquids，and Gases
Use your textbook to help you fill in the blanks.

What are three forms of matter?

1. Three forms of matter are solid, liq 니id, and '

2. T h e s e t h r e e f o r m s a re w h a t s c ie n tis ts ca ll t h e 6/

3. Solids, liq니 ids, and gases e a c h h a v e c e r t a in

4. Matter that has a(n) S j is a solid.

5. Objects that are made o f _______________ ,

________________ ,a n d ________________ are solids.

6. The particles in a solid are fio S e

W hat are liquids and gases?

7. Liq 니ids and gases are matter beca 니se they take 니다
r
space and have > .

8 . Anything with a definite volume but not a definite

shape is a(n) liA id d -

9. Milk is a liq 니id beca 니se it takes the _
||l 工 -/W D JoolA j/U DIIIEoD lA©

of its container.

10. Whether a cup of milk is spilled or in a glass, the milk

still has the same V 곤 .

I

C h ap ter 9 • Observing Matter Use w ith Lesson 3 ■c

Reading and W ritin g Solids. Liquids, and Gases
 LESSON Name Date
Outline
11. Particles in liq 니ids are not as as
particles in solids.

12. Particles in gases have more c0& than

particles in liquids. 'U

13. Any matter that does not have a definite shape or

volume is a ( n ) ___

14. Gases spread ᄋ니t to take the shape and \/oiuin C

of their containers.

15. Particles in gases move ab ᄋ니t

How do you use all the states of matter?

16. The h a n d le b a r s and seat of a bicycle are . 1 으l l ^ 」

17. T h e a ir in b ic y c le tir e s is a ( n ) 씨4
느느 The

c h a in r) j \__________ is a l i q 니 id. v"

Critical Thinking
18. How are the three states of matter represented each
day when y ᄋ니 eat ᅵ니nch?
Col ^ CuV ^ ____________________
Ca t 야/
工
| |l -5DJoo^/UD

-p- i-e. Lwf

II!EoDlAI ◎

I jl C h ap ter 9 • O bserving Matter Use w ith Lesson 3

R eading and W ritin g Solids, Liquids, and Gases
 LESSON
Name
V o c a b u la ry

Solids，
Liquids，and Gases
Match the correct letter to its description.

a. d e fin ite j L \ \liquid solid

v o lu m e oxygen s ta te s o f m a tte r

gas p a rticle s

b stays the same in a liq 니id

2. matter that has particles packed

tightly together

3. (A means “ it has a limit to its shape and size”

4. 0 a gas needed by living things

5. matter with particles that can be far apart or

sq 니eezed together

6. forms that scientists call gases, solids, and liquids

7. all matter is made of these

8. C matter whose particles have no definite shape b 니t

take the shape of the matter's container

C h ap ter 9 • Observing Matter Use w ith Lesson 3

R eading and W ritin g Solids, Liquids, and Gases
LESSON N am e________________________________ Date
Cloze A c tiv ity

Solids, Liquids, and Gases

Fill in the blanks below using the words in the box.

d e fin ite r^gas s lk fe past tigbtly--pacl<ed

en^gy J 양 ^ so lid

fre e ly liquid s p ^ a c f ᄋ니 t

Every day, living things 니se s니bstances in different

states of matter. These states of matter are —_ _ S o lid

1 iO u U ) ，and |A >
0
1
1

Gases, liquids, and solids have different characteristics.

Gases have particles that are far apart from each other.

Particles in gases have a lot of t and

move \ 구 . They Qi r f to fill 니p

whatever container they are in. Liq 니ids are made 니다 of

particles that have — ifj1 — energy than gases.

Particles in a liquid S 1idle 广 ^사 one another. They

II IH - 5 o J 9 o l / \ J / U D I I ! E o D I / M◎

take the shape of their container. Solids have a(n)

— shape. Particles in a solid have the least

am ᄋ니nt of energy and are 서 / 까 together.

They do not move arᄋ니nd m 니ch.

|g C h ap ter 9 • Observing Matter Use w ith Lesson 3

R eading and W ritin g Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Name Date W riting
in Seience

Describe Matter
Read the W riting in Science feature in your textbook.

逐 W rite About It
D e s c rip tiv e W r itin g Think of an object y ᄋ니 니se every
day, s니ch as y ᄋ니r book bag. How would y ᄋ니 describe
it to someone who has never seen it before? Use the
object’s properties to write a description of the object.

Getting Ideas
Select one object. W rite it in the center oval of the
web below. Brainstorm details that describe it. W rite
them in the outer ovals.

Here are tw o sentences that Malcolm w ro te about his

book bag. W rite “yes” if the sentence includes details
that describe the bag. W rite “no” if it does not.
1. My book bag is soft and crinkly. \广 )

2. I carry my book bag to school every day. H5

C h ap ter 9 • O bserving Matter Use w ith Lesson 3 ■q

Reading and W ritin g Solids, Liquids, and Gases
 W riting Date
in Science

Drafting
W rite a sentence that begins your description.
Identify the object that you are describing and the
most im portant idea about it. This is your topic
sentence.

Now w rite your description on a separate piece of

paper. Begin with your topic sentence. Include
details to help your readers picture the object.

Revising and Proofreading

Here is part of Malcolm’s description. Help him
im prove it by adding descriptive words.

My book bag i s _______________ and yellow. These

are my fa vorite colors. It has a ( n ) _______________

shape. It is not a simple rectangle, like most bags.

Instead, it is shaped like a turtle. It i s _____________

be ca 니se it is made o f cloth. When it is f 니II，it is

v e r y ________________ . When it is empty, it

i s ________________ .
Now revise and proofread your writing. Ask yourself:
► Did I incl 니de details to describe how the object
looks, s ᄋ니nds, feels, smells, or tastes?
► Did I put these details in an o r d e r that makes s e n s e ?

► Did I correct all mistakes?

on C h ap ter 9 • Observing M atter Use w ith Lesson 3

R eading and W ritin g Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Name CHAPTER
Date
V o c a b u la ry

Observing Matter
Circle the letter of the best answer.

1. What is the meas니re of the 4. A standard 니nit in the metric

amount of matter in system is the
an object? a. inch.
a. weight b. p ᄋ니nd.
b. volume c?)meter.
Q mass d. gallon.
d. gravity
5. The 니nit 니sed to meas니re
2. What type of object attracts liq 니id v 이니 me in the metric
objects made of iron? system is the
a. gravity a. meter.
( 9 magnet
c. gas c. centimeter.
d. liq 니id d. gram.

3. In a solid, particles 6. The am ᄋ니nt of space an

a. move freely. object takes 니다 is its

b. slide past one another. a. mass.

c. have a large am ᄋ니nt b. state of matter.
of energy. (^ )v o lu m e .
d-x,dcᄋ not have m 니ch room d. temperature.
- to move.

C h ap ter 9 • Observing Matter

R eading and W ritin g
21
CHAPTER Name Date.
Y o e a b u la ry

Circle the letter of the best answer.

Mass is the meas니re of 10. S니gar is made 니다 of

a. t/ie am ᄋ니nt of matter in the elements hydrogen,

an object. oxygen, and

b. th e v 이니m e of an o b je c t . a. aluminum.

c. the am ᄋ니nt of gravity carbon.

pulling on an object. c. iron.
d. .the weight of an object. d. water.

8. Which o f the following 11. The handlebars and seat of

would be different if an a bicycle are examples of
object were on the Moon a. gases.
rather than on Earth?
b. liquids.
a. elements
^c?)solids.
^b?)weight
d. elements.
c. mass
d. volume 12. Liq 니ids and gases are alike
beca 니se they
9. Heat moves easily thr ᄋ니gh a. are both solids.
a. wood. (^byhave no definite shape.
( 5 > etal. c. have particles that are
c. gases. tightly packed together.
d. magnetic materials. d. have less energy than
工
| 一|

solids.
- $ D J 9 o lA I/ U D IIIE a D ◎
2

op C h ap ter 9 • Observing Matter

R eading and W ritin g
 M
N am e_________________________________________________ Chapter
Test A

Observing Matter
W rite the w ord or words th a t best co m p lete each sentence
in the spaces below . W ords may be used only once.

Matter that has a definite size and shape is a(n)

2 . Matter that is not solid or gas is a(n)

3. The p 니II of gravity on an object is c a lle d UlC

4. Matter that has no definite shape or v 이니 me is a(n)

5 . A n y th in g th a t takes 니다 space is _ 미쇼사j f厂 .

6 . Scientists 니se the /Vie千^ C_ _ whi ch is a

system of weights and meas 니res.

7. A “ b 니ilding block” that makes 니다 all m atter is

called a(n) £ i .

8 . The am ᄋ니nt of space an object takes 니다 is called

its _ \/0 \ UMC .

= IH - M D J 9 0 !D = IE J

9. A bowling ball is heavier than a beach ball beca 니se

it has m o re 다 '- .
◎ 0

10. The force that keeps objects from floating into

space is called 사 ^ 亦 1ᅡ'____ .

C h ap ter 9 • O bserving M atter Use with C h ap ter 9 23

Assessment
 V .
Chapter Name
Test A
Circle the le tte r of the best answer for each question

11. Which of the following 14. Which state of matter has

best describes matter? the most energy?
nything that has mass A solid
and v 이 니 me B liquid
B anything that is solid ( CyJgas
C anything that can be D weight
seen
D anything that is in the 15. What is one special
air property of a magnet?
A t has mass
12 . Which of the following
B t is made of wood
statements is false?
C t can float
Mass is a meas 니re of the
^D j tcan attract certain
am ᄋ니nt of matter in an
乂 m etals
object.
bjects with the same
v 이니 me always have the
same mass.
e In the metric system,
mass is meas 니red in
grams.
A marble has more mass
than a piece of popcorn.
i i i h - m o j o o i a i / u d i i i e o d i a i◎

13. Which is not a state of

matter?

C h ap ter 9 • O bserving M atter Use w ith C h ap ter 9

24 Assessment
Name Chapter
Test A
A n s w e r th e f o llo w in g q u e s tio n s .

Study the table shown below for measuring the

v 이니 me of solid objects.

O b je c t W a te r L evel B e fo re W a te r L evel A fte r

ro ck 10 lite rs 17 lite rs

m a rb le 12 lite rs 14 lite rs

c o in s 11 liters 16 lite rs

16. In terp re t Data W hat is the volume of the marble?

How do y ᄋ니 know?
7ᅭ It^ s ■ jK O m p v e y ^ ie r lc /e (S

17. Infer Which object has the greatest v 이 니 me?

Why?

Oock 난hjQtrf

18. Predict What w ᄋ니Id happen if you added another

rock of the exact same size to the water?
1 ' j U o \a ( J f l S c 그 \J ^ U r j_ L ____________________________________________________

C h ap ter 9 • O bserving M atter Use w ith C h ap ter 9 pc

Assessment
 Chapter N am e.
Test A
Answer the follow ing questions.

19. W hy would a person weigh less on the Moon than

he or she does on Earth?

20. W hy is a wooden spoon better for cooking than a

metal spoon?

/ / d o m 사 h e ^ f

21. Critical Thinking Explain why some objects float

in water while others sink. Give an example of an
object that sinks and one that floats.

f\o c k
사:::

Qd^\

22. Thinking Like a Scientist W hat tool should a

工
| |! -

st 니dent 니se to meas 니re the mass of a golf ball?

M D J 0 3 lA j/ u o ll!E 3 D ^

Why?
◎

26 C h apter 9 • O bserving M atter Use w ith C h ap ter 9

Assessment
 Name Lesson
Test

Circle the letter of the best answer for each question.

The way an object looks, 3. Which of the follow ing

tastes, smells, sᄋ니nds，and would be the best object
feels are called ^or stirring hot liq 니ids?
A volumes, / A /0 wooden spoon
leas 니「es. B an iron spoon
>roperties. C a copper spoon
D observations. D a steel spoon

2. W hy do objects float? 4. How many different

A because they have a elements are there that
lot of mass and little make 니다 all of the m atter
volume in the world?
B beca 니se they have A less than 10
eq 니al am ᄋ니nts of mass ^ B ^ )m o re than 100
nd v 이 니 me C more than 1,000
cause they have D more than 10,000
little mass and a lot of
volume
D because they have all
mass and no v 이 니 me

C ritical Thinking If tw o different matters are made

of the same elements, how is it possible that they
look and feel different?
工
||! -

-th e , lO h v / b y -Ofe r^ Q T ^ f f
M D Jo o IA j/ U D IIIE o D lA ◎
I

C h ap ter 9 • O bserving M atter Use w ith Lesson 1

Assessment P roperties of M a tte r
27
 Lesson 2
Test

Circle the le tte r of the best answer for each question.

1. W hat 니nit of meas니re do 3. Which instr 니 ment will best

people agree to 니 se? meas 니 re mass?
^-- '느
ᄉ

A metric system A graduated cylinder

B F a h re n h e it B therm om eter
C Celsius pan balance
D standard 니nit D tape meas니re

2. In the metric system, what 4. In the metric system, what

are units of length based 니nit is 니sed to meas니re a
on? liquid's v 이니me?
Al m e t e r A m e te r
B li t e r 七 ) ter
C g ra m C g ra m
D in c h D k ilo

C ritical Thinking
Which of the three
units of meas 니re—
meter, centimeter,
or m illim eter—w ᄋ니Id
be best for measuring
the football field? Why?

2 g C h ap ter 9 • O bserving Matter Use w ith Lesson 2

Assessm ent Measuring M atte r
Name
Circle the letter of the best answer for each question.
1. W hat is the scientific term
for the forms of matter?
A 니nits of matter
B types of matter
states of matter
u properties of matter
2 . H o w m a n y fo rm s o f
e x is t on E a rth ?
A 30
C 100
D too many to c ᄋ니nt
C ritical Thinking Describe how y ᄋ니 니se the three
states of matter in your life every day.
C h ap ter 9 • O bserving M atter
Assessm ent
Lesson 3
Test
3. Look at the illustration
below. W hat form of
m atter does ill 니strati ᄋn B
represent?
A C
matter A a 」be
B solid
C liquid
호 )gas
4. All of the following are
characteristics of liquids
except
A liquid particles can slide
past each other.
liq 니ids cannot change
shape.
C liq 니ids take 니p a definite
am ᄋ니nt of space.
D liquids take up the shape
of their containers.
Use w ith Lesson 3 29
Solids, Liquids, and Gases
 Chapter Name
TestB

Observing Matter
W rite the w ord or words that best com plete each sentence
in the spaces below . W ords may be used only once.

element liquid metric system weight

gas mass pan balance
gravity matter solid

A(n) _________ is a form of matter that has no

definite shape or volume.

2 . A tool called a meas 니res mass.

3. Milk can be defined as a ( n ) _____________ .

4. When scientists meas 니re, they 니se the

5. Matter that has shape and hardness is a(n)

6 . The force o f ____________ keeps objects from

floating in space.

7. The am ᄋ니nt of gravity that is needed to keep an

object on Earth is i t s _____________ .

8 . A balloon has less_____________ than a basketball.

9. A material from which all other materials are made

II!H - / V \ O J0 O 2 / U O II!E O D 1 / \ ©

is a ( n ) ____________ _

10. All things are made 니다 o f ____________ _

I

2 Q C h ap ter 9 • O bserving M atter Use w ith C h ap ter 9

Assessment
 N am e. Chapter
TestB
Circle the le tte r of the best answer for each question

11. W h i c h of the following will 14. Which of the following

a magnet attract? statements is true?
A glass A A bowling ball has more
B p la s tic mass than a tennis ball.
C c e rta in m e ta ls B In the metric system,
D wood mass is measured in
inches.
12. All m atter is made up of C Mass is a measure o f the
am ᄋ니nt of liquid in an
A l i q 니 id s object.
B s o lid s D Objects with the same
C elements volume always have the
D gases same mass.

13. W h i c h is th e b e s t d e fin itio n 15. Water, milk, and juice are

of volume? examples of
A how m 니ch mass an A weights.
object has B solids.
B how much space an C liquids.
o b j e c t ta k e s 니다 D gases.
C how m 니ch m atter in an
object
D how m 니ch metal in an
object
I I I H - M D J 9 0 1 a = ! E o D I A I◎

C h ap ter 9 • O bserving M atter Use w ith C h ap ter 9

Assessment
31
 Chapter N am e___________
TestB
Answer the follow ing questions.

St 니dy the chart shown below.

V olum e of Solid O bjects

16. Infer Which object has the least volume?

17. Predict If y ᄋ니 were to meas 니re a nickel, do you

think it would have more v 이니 me or less v 이니 me
than a dime? Why?

18. In te rp re t D ata How w ᄋ니Id y ᄋ니 rank the items

from least to greatest volume if y ᄋ니 had fcujr
dimes instead of one dime?

22 C h apter 9 • O bserving M atter Use w ith C hapter 9

Assessment
N am e________________________________________________ Chapter
l TestB
Answer the follow ing questions.

19. Of the following objects, which w o 니Id best

co nd 니ct heat? Why?

plastic o jp iron nails wooden ball

2 0 . If y ᄋ니 weighed 75 pounds on Earth, how rrujch

would y ᄋ니 likely weigh on the Moon? Explain
y o 니「answer.
A 100 p ᄋ니nds B 150 p ᄋ니nds C 40 p o 니nds

21. C ritical Thinking Of the list o f objects below,

circle the ones that are more likely to sink in water.

I
balloon gold ring paper o jp stone
baseball leaf beach ball
feather marble quarter

22. Thinking Like a Scientist W hy should scientists use

the same 니nits of meas 니re for their experiments?

C h ap ter 9 • O bserving Matter Use w ith C h ap ter 9 oo

Assessment
P e rfo rm a n ce Name
A sse ssm en t

States of Matter Materials

Objective: St니dent will grᄋ니p objects poster board
according to their state of matter: solid, liquid, markers or
or gas. colored pencils
S c o rin g R u b ric old magazines
and newspapers
/ | points St 니de n t shows a good (for cutting |
representation o f g r ᄋ니 ping all objects out pictures)
in all three categories. Student clearly glue
identifies properties of all of the objects.
S t 니de n t clearly explains his or her answers scissors
to the q 니esti ᄋns in Analyze the Res 니Its,
reference materials
and answers are correct. (such as encyclopedias)
3 points St 니d ent shows a good
representation o f g r ᄋ니ping m ost o f the objects in all three
categories. Student clearly identifies properties of most of
the objects. S t 니d e n t’s answers to the q 니estions in Analyze
the Res 니Its are m ostly correct.

2 points St니dent’s representation of the grᄋ니ping of objects

is somewhat inaccurate. St니dent identifies properties of
some of the objects acc니rately. St니dent’s answers to the
q 니estions in Analyze the Results are mostly inacajrate or
incomplete.

point St니dent identifies and grᄋ니ps some but not all of the
objects. St니dent does not answer the q 니estions in Analyze
the Res니Its.
lli-/v\DJool/\l/UD=EoDl/\l ©

C h ap ter 9 • O bserving M atter Use w ith C h ap ter 9

Assessm ent
N am e____________________________ P e rfo rm a n c e
A s se ss m e n t

States of Matter
Classify
Choose f ᄋ니r objects that represent examples of each
of the states of matter (solid, liq 니id, gas). Use the
library or media center to find information about the
objects. Draw or o j t out p ic t 니res from magazines or
newspapers of the objects that are to be represented.
Then make a chart to classify each object 니nder
its proper state. Be s 니re that y ᄋ니r chart correctly
identifies e a c h state of matter. Be s 니re to note the
properties of each of the objects you classified.
Analyze the Results
1. Why did y ᄋ니 choose to classify the objects the
way that y o 니 did?

2. Are there any objects that c ᄋ니Id fit into more than
one category? Explain y ᄋ니r answer.

C h ap ter 9 • O bserving M atter Use w ith C h a p te r 9 oc

Assessment
CHAPTER
C oncept H a p

Changes in Matter
C om plete the concept map with the information you
learned about m atter and the ways in which m atter
changes.

C h anges in M a tte r

Physical Changes C hem ical Changes

A physical change is a A chemical change is

change in the way matter a change that creates

After a physical change, After a chemical change,

the matter is the matter is

Three types of physical

Three signs that a chemical
change are:
change has taken place are:

2.
2.
3.
3.

C h ap ter 10 • Changes in Matter

R eading and W ritin g
 LESSON
Name
Outline

Changes of State
Use your textbook to help you fill in the blanks.

What happens when matter is heated?

1. When something melts, it changes from a(n) ■'네 f

to a (n ) .

2. M a t t e r g a in s ' 요 기 기 _______ w h e n it is h e a te d .

3. P a r tic le s in s o lid s a re h e ld <noi니 ^ 육

4. Particles in liquids 이 c-^gcv^ one another.

5. When something boils, it changes from a(n)

to a (n ) ______________ .

6. Heat ca 니ses particles in a liquid to move 公

and 야 셰 r 、■

7. Liq 니ids can change into a gas w ith ᄋ니t boiling,

a process known as .

8. Water in the form of a gas is called ^ 녹saw

W hat happens when matter is cooled?

9. When a solid, a liq 니id, or a gas is cooled, it \o 았 、
energy.

10. When a gas cools to the right temperature, it will

ᄂO ■

C h ap ter 10 • Changes in M atter Use w ith Lesson 1

Reading and W ritin g C hanges o f State
 LESSON
Outline
11. A gas that condenses loses energy and becomes

a(n) V수 ]^ 예 '_________ ■

12. A liquid can ,or changeinto a

solid, when it loses 언서세 ________ ■

How is water different from other kinds of matter?

13. Water can be a(n) C oV-^______ ，a(n) 、1 ___

or a(n) ■

14. When water freezes, it takes 니다 ^ ᄀo ( -<•______ space.

Critical Thinking
15. How are the particles in matter affected by getting or
giving 니p energy?

5o
o

E
o
o

OQ C h ap ter 10 • Changes in M atter Use w ith Lesson 1

R eading and W ritin g Changes o f State
 LESSON
Name
V o c a b u la ry

Changes of State
W h a t am I?

Choose the correct w ord from the box that answers

each question. W rite its letter in the blank provided.

a. boiling c. energy e. freezing g. water vapor

b. condensation d. evaporation f. melting

1. I am the gaseᄋ니s state of water. What am I? '7

2. I am a process in which a liquid changes into a gas

w ith ᄋ니t boiling. What am I? ^

3. Solids, liquids, and gases have to gain or lose me in

order to change phase. What am I? ^

4. I happen when liq 니ids heat up and b 니bbles form.

What am I? ᅳ'

5. I happen when solid matter gains energy and Ujrns

into a liq 니id. What am I? ᅪ

6. I happen when particles of water vapor lose energy

and come closer together. What am I? ^

7. I am the process that locks particles into position to

form a solid. What am I? Q

C h ap ter 10 • Changes in M atter Use w ith Lesson 1

R eading and W ritin g Changes o f State
LESSON
Name
Cloze ▲ ctivity

Changes of State
Use the words in the box to fill in the blanks below.
„ 一一™나 ---------------------

condenses expands gas liquids solid

energy freezes heat loses water vapor

Most solids melt when heated to the right

temperature. Once they melt, they become ^1

They melt beca 니se they gain ^一 ''년 ______ in the

form of 1 닌d _______ . w ith enᄋ니gh heat, particles

in liquids will move faster and spread apart. When a liq 니id

boils, it evaporates and changes to a(n) ' '________

Water exists in three states: solid, liq 니id, and gas.

Water that has changed to a gas is called w 二-

When water vapor cools, it energy. It

CQf and becomes liq 니id water again. When

liq 니id water loses enᄋ니gh energy, it 시 1g e z e 드_______ .

ll!H -M o J9 0 IA ^ U D =IEODl/\l

Particles that are frozen are locked in position and form

a(n) When water freezes, it

Empty spaces form between the

◎

particles and ca 니se the water to take up more space.

mq C h ap ter 10 • Changes in Matter Use w ith Lesson 1

R eading and W ritin g Changes o f State
 LE S S O N
Name
Outline

Physical Changes
Use your textbook to help you fill in the blanks.

W hat are physical changes?

1. A change in the appearance of matter is a(n) Qki-p'CQj (4삐 :.

2. Matter m a y _________ after a physical

change. However, it is still t h e _______________ of

matter.

3. Examples of physical changes are tearing, stretching,

_______________ , a n d _________________.

4. Three kinds of physical changes are changes in

_______________ , changes i n ________________ ,

and changes in ________________ .

W hat happens when you mix matter?

5. When different kinds of matter are p 니t together, a(n)

_______________ forms.

6. In a mixture, th e ________________ of each part of

the mixture do not change.

7. When matter is mixed evenly with another kind of

matter, a (n )________________ forms.

8. A solution is one kind o f ________________ .

9. An example of a solution is ______:__________ .

C h ap ter 10 • Changes in M atter Use w ith Lesson 2

R eading and W ritin g Physical Changes
 LESSON
N am e____________________________________
Outline ,
10. Even if you stir them for a long time, sand and water

will never form a (n )________________ .

11. Not all solutions contain________________ .

12. Air is a solution of d iffe re n t________________ .

13. Several different solids make u p ________________ .

How can mixtures be separated?

14. Mixt 니res can be separated 니s in g _______________

s니ch as size, shape, and color.

15. In a salt-water mixture, salt is separated when

w a te r________________ .

Critical Thinking

16. Describe two ways in which matter can be changed

physically. Use paper and water as examples.

up C h ap ter 10 • Changes in M atter Use w ith Lesson 2

R eading and W ritin g Physical Changes
 LESSON
Name
V o c a b u la ry

Physical Changes
Match the correct w ord with its description. W rite in
the correct letter in the blank provided.

a. evaporation d. properties g. solution

b. mixt 니re e. shape h. state
c. physical change f. size

sq 니are, round, or irreg 니lar

2. large or small

3. a change in the way matter looks

4. solid, liq 니id, or gas

5. one or more kinds of matter mixed evenly

in another kind of matter

6. the v 이니 me, mass, look, smell, feel, and

sᄋ니nd of something

what happens when a gas forms slowly

= !H - M D J9 0 ? U D = E o D I/ \◎

from a liquid

8. different kinds of matter mixed together

l

C h ap ter 10 • Changes in M atter Use w ith Lesson 2

R eading and W ritin g Physical Changes
43
LESSON 1
N am e________________________________
Cloze A c tiy ity ▲

Physical Changes
Use the words in the box to fill in the blanks below.

gases m ix t 니 re shape solids

m a tte r p ro p e rtie s size so lu tio n

Matter can 니nderg ᄋ physical changes. Afterwards, it

may look different, b 니t it is still the same_______________ .

Tearing a sheet of paper changes it s ________________ ,

b 니t it is still paper. Any change in t h e ________________,

shape, or state of matter is a physical change.

When different kinds of matter are mixed together,

a (n )________________ res니Its. Each kind of matter in a

mixture keeps it s ________________ . A mixture in

which matter mixes evenly with another kind of matter is

called a (n )________________ . Some s이니tions, like air,

are mixtures o f ________________ . Other s이니tions, s니ch

=
工1- AM DJQo^/UDIHEoDIAj

as brass, are m ixt 니res o f ________________ . Even two

foods, such as spaghetti and meatballs, can be called

◎

a mixture!

C hapter 10 • Changes in M atter Use w ith Lesson 2

R eading and W ritin g Physical Changes
 r- 1
Name Reading
in Science

Mining Ores
Read the Reading in Science feature in your textbook.

W rite About It
infer Read the article with a partner. Use what y ᄋ니
know and what y ᄋ니 read in the article to answer this
q 니estion. Why do y o 니 think it is important for people
to recycle metals? W rite a paragraph to share y ᄋ니r
ideas.

Use the graphic organizer below to identify what

you already know and w hat you can infer from the
passage about obtaining useful metals.

Clues What I Know W hat 1 Infer

1니se 1can recognize
metals because
are made of metals. they are
every day.

Metals come from Metals are fo 니nd in 1infer that there

are many ways to
separate metals from

C h ap ter 10 • Changes in M atter Use w ith Lesson 2

Reading and W ritin g Physical Changes
 Reading N am e________________________________
in Science a

Planning and Organizing

Answer the questions to help you w rite your essay.
1. What does recycling mean?

2. What do y ᄋ니 think happens to mcajntains or the

gr ᄋ니nd where ores are mined?

3. According to the information in the article, what

things might be saved if metals are recycled?

Drafting
W rite tw o or three reasons for recycling metals. Have
your partner read your work. Does your partner agree
or disagree with your reasons? Why?

2.

C h ap ter 10 • Changes in M atter Use w ith Lesson 2

R eading and W ritin g Physical Changes
 LESSON
Name
Outline

Chemical Changes
Use your textb o o k to help you fill in the blanks.

W hat are chemical changes?

1. R니st and ash are res니Its o f ________________ .

2. A chemical change takes place when a material forms

a (n )________________ of matter.

3. T h e ________________ of a new material will be

different from the original material.

4. Chemical changes break d o w n _______________

in our bodies.

5. ᄋ니r bodies g e t _______________ when food is

broken down.

6. Plants a n d _______________ stay alive beca 니se of

chemical changes.

7. Energy from the S니n is 니sed b y ________________ .

8. Plants change carbon dioxide and water into food

a n d ________________ .

9. Rust on a car shows that chemical changes have

happened to parts made o f ________________ .

C h ap ter 10 • Changes in M atter Use w ith Lesson 3

Reading and W ritin g C hem ical Changes
 LESSON
Outline
W hat are the signs of a chemical change?
10. There are o fte n ________________ that a chemical
change has taken place.

11. Signs of chemical change a re ________________ ,

_______________ , o r ________________ change.

12. When a log b 니ms, ᄂ^ ^ ^ ' .9^ are released and

______ ___________form.

13. Some chemical changes also m ake_______________

14. When baking soda and vinegar are mixed, b 니bbles of

_____________ gas form.

Critical Thinking

15. Give an example of a chemical change yo 니 have seen

that is helpful, and one that is damaging.

C h ap ter 10 • Changes in M atter Use w ith Lesson 3

R eading and W ritin g Chem ical Changes
 LESSON
Name
Y o c a b u la ry

Chemical Changes
Match the correct w ord with its description. Then
w rite its letter in the blanks below.

a. baking d. c h e m ica l ch a n g e g. p ro p e rtie s

1 .
b. b u b b le s e. gree n p lants h. rust
.

c. c a rb o n d io x id e f. lig h t and heat r

1

1. _______ These are two signs that a chemical change

has taken place.

2. _______ Plants change this material into food

and oxygen.

3. _______ This process goes on inside y ᄋ니 every day

and creates a new type of matter.

4. _______ These are the characteristics of a certain

type of matter.

5. _______ Coring this activity, cake batter is changed

chemically.

6. _______ When iron is chemically changed, this

is made.

7. _______ These use the S니n’s energy to make

chemical changes.

8. _______ These show that carbon dioxide gas forms

when baking soda is added to vinegar.

C h ap ter 10 • Changes in M atter Use w ith Lesson 3

Reading and W ritin g C hem ical Changes
LESSON
Cloze A e tiy ity

Chemical Changes
Use the words in the box to fill in the blanks below.

breaks d o w n c o lo r lig h t p ro p e rtie s

b u b b le s heat n e w ty p e signs

Every day, chemical changes take place in and

around you. For example, food that your body

_______________ 니ndergoes a chemical change. When

something changes chemically, it becomes a _________

of material and has d iffe re n t________________from the

original material.

The process of a chemical change can be detected

by ce rtain ________________ , or evidence. For

instance,_______________ a n d ________________ are

given off as logs burn. Another sign of a chemical

change is a change in _______________ , s니ch as when

II!H-M DJ0OIAI/UO=EO DI/M◎

an apple Ujrns brown. Chemical changes may also give

o f f _______________ when some materials are mixed

together. The mst on a bicycle and cooked food are

also examples of a chemical change.

n /\ C h ap ter 10 • Changes in M atter Use w ith Lesson 3

R eading and W ritin g Chem ical Changes
 CHAPTER
Name
Vocabulary

Changes in Matter
Circle the letter of the best answer.

1. Peas and carrots together in 4. When a string is o j t into

a bowl are an example two pieces, a ( n ) has
of a(n) occurred.
a. chemical change. a. chemical change
b. solution. b. change in state
^cT^riixture. ( 트 ^ Dhysical change
ᅳcL property. d. change in the string’s
properties
2. Water vapor collects on the
outside of a cold glass. This 5. What can happen when tw o
is an example of materials are combined to
a. boiling. make a new type of matter?

b . c ondensation. a. The shapes of the

materials change.
c. freezing.
b. The sizes of the materials
d. melting. change.

3. When a liq 니id evaporates, it eat and light are

released.
a. becomes a solid.
d. The materials can be
b. changes color. separated easily.
c. boils.
/ ᅳ\
d. changes state.

C h ap ter 10 • Changes in M atter c i

R eading and W ritin g
CHAPTER
Vocabulary
Circle the letter of the best answer.

6. What new types of matter 9. A person put a plastic

do green plants produce bottle of water in the
with the help of the S니n’s freezer. Later, the
energy? person observed that
a .'；carbon dioxide and water the bottle had cracked.
vapor What property of water
made this happen?
b. rust and iron
a. The water gained energy
C. ^ood and oxygen as it froze.
d. bubbles and a color b. The water expanded, or
change took 니다 more space, as
it froze.
7. What forms when one or
more types of matter are c. The water condensed on
mixed evenly with another the outside of the bottle
type of matter? as it froze.

a. bubbles d. The water gave off

b 니bbles of carbon dioxide
( b.^a solution
as it froze.
c. heat and light
d. a color change 10. One sign of a chemical
change in a banana is a
8. What happens when solid change in
water begins to gain energy? a. state.
a. it freezes b. shape.
b. it boils c. size.
c. it evaporates :이ᄋ r.
d. melts

CO C h ap ter 10 • Changes in M atter

Reading and W ritin g
 N am e. Chapter
Test A

Changes in Matter
W rite the w ord or words that best co m p lete each sentence
in the spaces below . W ords may be used only once.

chemical change
coritienses
evaporat€

The gase ᄋ니s state of water is called __U 여났"__V久|지

2. W ater will . when it gets cold

en ᄋ니g h —changing it from a liquid to a solid.

3. When one or more types of m atter are mixed

evenly with another type of matter, a(n)
^O j irf)Q y ■ forms.

4. When a solid changes into a liq 니id, it pk

5. When a gas cools and becomes a liq 니id, i t ( 0 1' 꽈

6. Matter looks different after a(n)

b 니t it is still made 니p of the same-kind of matter.

When a material changes into a new kind of

matter, a(n) t C/씨 已 . takes place.
IIIH - / v \ o J 9 o l/ \ J/ U D II!E o D l/ \ J◎

8 . When water is heated and b 니bbles form, i t ;

9. When y ᄋ니 make fm it salad, y ᄋ니 create a(n) 作 인

10. When a liq 니id changes into a gas w ith ᄋ니t boiling,
it ____

C hapter 10 • Changes in Matter Use w ith C hapter 10

53
Assessment
 Chapter % 一
Name
Test A
Circle the letter of the best answer for each question.
11. W hat kind of change takes
place when sand is made
into a sandcastle?
A a change in solution
B, a physical change
C a chemical change
D a change in temperature
12. All of the following
represent types of physical
changes except
A jchange in color.
B change in shape.
C change in state.
D change in size.
13. All of the following
represent types of
chemical changes except
^ A ^ h a n g e in temperature.
B 'c h a n g e in color.
^ ^ h a n g e in shape.
£iA.he appearance of
bubbles.
C hapter 10 • Changes in Matter
Assessment
Date
14. What does all matter have
in common?
A All matter is high in
energy.
II matter is made 니p of
tin y particles.
JC All matter is held tightly
together.
D All matter is solid.
15. What happens to water
when it freezes?
A It turns into water
vapor.
B It turns into gas.
C It takes 니p less space.
t takes 니다 more space.
II!H - M 0 J9 0 IA I/ U D II!E 0 D 1 A ©
I
Use w ith C hapter 10
 Name Chapter
i
Test A
Answer the follow ing questions.

Use the diagram below to answer the following q 니estion.

16. In terp re t Data Look at the pictures below. For
each picture, tell whether a physical change or a
chemical change has taken place.

■"계
+ +

c h o r)lc .c요
= !H - / \ A o Jo o lA I/ U D = !E o D l/ \ ©

18. Infer Is an apple t 니rning brown an example of a

physical change or a chemical change? Explain.
l

^ ᅳ c ^ / o Y ᅳ i h 행 c

C hapter 10 • Changes in Matter Use w ith C hapter 10

55
Assessment
 Chapter Name
Test A
Answer the follow ing questions.

19. W hat is the difference between a physical change

and a chemical change?

c P /^

fj\tr 시 』

2 0 . W hy does dew form on a plant’s leaves on a cool

morning?
으：

Q y \a Pi

21. C ritical Thinking How does the speed of particles

in matter affect the state of the object?

= ! H - M o J O O I/ \ l/ u o IIIE O o l/ \ ◎

22. Think Like a Scientist If a baker is making bread and

wants the yeast in the d ᄋ니gh to rise, should he p 니t the
d ᄋ니gh in the refrigerator or in a warm room? Why?
l

C hapter 10 • Changes in M atter Use w ith C hapter 10

Assessment
 Name Date Lesson I
X
Test

Circle the le tte r of the best answer for each question.

What happens when 3. All of the following are

matter is heated? states of water except
gains energy A ice
B all energy is removed B liquid water
C it loses energy (트 )dry ice
D energy is split D water vapor

2. What happens when gas 4. Which therm om eter shows

condenses? water in its solid state?
A it becomes hot A B C D

becomes a liquid
C it becomes frozen
D it becomes a solid

(*) (*)

hemn ᄋmeter A
B therm om eter B
C therm om eter C
D therm om eter D

Critical Thinking Which would take up more space

i i !h

in a container—16 ounces of liquid water or

- m d j 9 o 1a i / u d i i ! e o o 1a◎

16 ᄋ니nces of frozen water? Why?

ro
i

C hapter 10 • Changes in Matter Use w ith Lesson 1

57
Assessment Changes o f State
 Lesson 2 Name Date
Test

Circle the le tte r of the best answer for each question.

1. All of the following 3. All of the following are

represent physical changes ways m ixt 니res can be
in paper except separated except
( 포 ^)d니rning. )y evaporation
B cutting. iy its properties
C folding. by filters
D crumbling. D by weight

2. How is a solution formed? 4. St 니dy the table below.

A by mixing different M ixtures
kinds of matter vegetable sᄋ니p
B by evenly mixing tw o of salad dressing
the same kinds of matter clouds
mixing one or more
inds of matter evenly
What belongs in the em pty
into another kind of
box?
matter
D by changing the state A brass
of tw o or more kinds of B salt water
matter . C chocolate milk
t) salad

C ritical Thinking How can magnets be 니sed to

separate mixtures?
=!H-MDJ9os/UD=Eool/\l ◎

gg C hapter 10 • Changes in Matter Use w ith Lesson 2

Assessment Physical Changes
 Name Date Lesson 3
^5
Test

Circle the le tte r of the best answer for each question.

What is one way you can 3. W hat has to ᄋc a 」r for

tell that a chemical change cake batter to 니nderg ᄋ a
has taken place? chemical change?
A the object changes size A it has to be heated
he object changes B it has to be cooled
color C it has to be mixed
C the object changes D it has to be frozen
weight
D the object changes 4. Which of the follow ing
shape represents a chemical
change of an apple?
2. How does y ᄋ니r body
A peeling it
go through chemical
B cooking it
changes?
C o r n i n g brown
A by growing
D falling off a tree
B by sleeping
C ^ y breaking down food
by learning new skills 忽
Critical Thinking How is r 니st the res 니It of a
chemical change?
E H - M D J 9 0 2 / U D II I E 0 D 2◎

C hapter 10 • Changes in Matter Use w ith Lesson 3

Assessment Chemical Changes
59
 Chapter Name Date
TestB

Changes in Matter
W rite the word or words that best com plete each sentence
in the spaces below . W ords may be used only once.

게 r" fceeze _ 스 sojjut+crn

cherni c^Xc han g e water>ap6r
__^ORd^nses /jn lx to re
evapcrrates physipat'change
**«%
一 ^s
너 nu1

1. When water " on cool mornings it

is called dew.

2. Salt water is a(n) _ 맨 _ _ _ because salt

and water are mixed evenly.

3. W ater in the form of gas is called

4. A liq 니id when it changes into a

gas w ith ᄋ니t boiling.

5. When a log b 니rns, a(n) ^ takes

place. ^

6. If a liquid is cooled en ᄋ니gh，it will _ 士 T f자 C.

or change from a liq 니id to a solid.

7. Adding milk to cereal creates a(n) _ yVH

=!H-MoJoo5UDII!EoalAI ◎

8 . If a rock is exposed to extremely high heat,

it w il l ______ _

9. Tearing a piece of paper is an example of a(n)

、 a /
Q jn the paper.

1 0 . If water is heated to a certain temperature, it will

C hapter 10 • Changes in M atter Use w ith C hapter 10

60
Assessment
 Name Date
M
Chapter
TestB
Circle the le tte r of the best answer for each question.

11. Which of the following 14. Which of the follow ing

represents a chemical represents a physical
change? change?

士B aa< change
change in color
in shape
er t 니rns green
turns to r 니st
C a change in size d o 니gh is baked into
D a change in state read
ater freezes into ice
12. What happens to water
when it evaporates? 15. W hat kind of change takes
place when a banana turns
A it melts
brown?
B it condenses
it t 니rns into vapor chemical change
D it freezes change in shape
physical change
13. Which of the following is change in tem perature
not a mixture?
alt and pepper
ilk
C salad
D cake
一 IIH - M D J 9 0 ^ / U D II! E 3 D 2©

Chapter 10 • Changes in Matter Use w ith Chapter 10

61
Assessment
 Chapter Name Date
TestB
Answer the follow ing questions.

16. Make a M odel Draw and

label three ways paper can
go th r ᄋ니gh physical or
chemical changes.

17. Infer Is rain that t 니ms to snow an example of a

physical change or a chemical change? Explain
your answer.

18. In te rp re t Data Label what state water w ᄋ니Id be in

at each of the temperatures shown below.

225°

90c
= !H - M D J o o l/ \ j/ U D II!E o D I/ \ ◎
l

F a h re n h e it
scale

62 C hapter 10 • Changes in Matter Use w ith Chapter 10

Assessment
Name Date Chapter
TestB
Answer the follow ing questions.

19. W hat is the scientific difference between c 니ttin g a

tree limb and b 니rning a tree limb?

2 0 . Describe the similarities and differences between

melting and freezing.

21. C ritical Thinking How is exercise im portant in the

breaking down of food in y ᄋ니r body?

22. Think Like a Scientist A scientist mixes tw o

different chemicals and wants to know if they will
니nderg ᄋ a chemical change or create a m ix t 니re.
W hat are the signs the scientist can look for to see
what type of change has ᄋcc 니rred?

C hapter 10 • Changes in Matter Use w ith C hapter 10

Assessment
 P e rfo rm a n ce Name Date
A sse ssm en t

Water Brochures Materials

Objective: S t 니dent will create a pictu re book that
describes the changes w a te r goes t h r ᄋ니gh as heat
is added and taken away. Students will include a
d escription o f the w a te r as it goes th r ᄋ니gh each
state.

S c o rin g R u b ric

H p o in ts Student co rre ctly ill 니strates and describes all f ᄋ니r

changes in state 니sing a p p ro p ria te terms. St 니d e n t c o rre ctly
describes the changes as related to adding or taking away
heat energy. Student c o rre c tly describes the properties of
each state. St 니de n t clearly and co rre ctly explains his or her
answers to the q 니estions in Analyze the Res 니Its.

3 p o in ts St니dent co rre c tly ilkjstrates and describes at least

three changes in state using a p p ro p ria te terms. S t 니d e n t’s
d escription o f the changes as related to adding or taking
away heat energy is m ostly correct. SUjdent’s descriptions
o f the properties o f each state are m ostly correct. S tu d e n t’s
answers to the q 니estions are m ostly correct.

2 p o in ts St 니de n t ilkjstrates and describes one ᄋr tw o

changes in state correctly. St 니d e n t’s description of
the change as related to adding or taking away heat
is s o m ew ha t inacc 니rate. St 니d e n t’s descriptions o f the
properties of each state are so m ew ha t inacc 니rate.
Student's answers to the q 니estions are m ostly inacc 니rate
or incom plete.

\ p o in t S t 니d e n t’s ill 니stra ti ᄋ ns and description o f changes in

state are inacc 니rate. St 니d e n t’s descriptions of the changes
as related to adding or taking away heat energy are missing
or are m ostly inacc 니rate. St 니d e n t’s descriptions o f the
properties o f each state are missing or m ostly inacc 니rate.
S t 니dent does not answer the q 니estions.

^ || C hapter 10 • Changes in M atter Use w ith Chapter 10

Assessment
Name Date P e rfo rm a n c e
A s se ss m e n t

Water Brochures
Communicate
Design a picture book, showing in both labeled
p ict 니res and words, how water changes when heat
energy is added and taken away. Be s 니re to incl 니de a
description of the water as it goes th r ᄋ니gh each state.

Analyze the Results

1. What state is water in when its tem perature is very
high? Describe the properties of this state.

2. Describe the sequence of changes as water goes

from a very low temperature to a very high one.

3. Are the changes that water 니nderg ᄋes as it is

heated and cooled physical or chemical changes?
Explain y ᄋ니r answer.

C hapter 10 • Changes in Matter Use w ith C hapter 10

Assessment
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