spot UN Tikes Lint. Layer — Fraviing Error — and_camcton, flow conte) ( Elem Data_lings aan Slicking =i _trindeys pre: bi jaca i 3 “and Leal Area Nebveres Bees -Chatnnel_aldacabio ion , Mushde.accer>prolacls LAN ——— slandards, _spotdedes eae ewer (Fe 3. bridge. cin spanning tee. aaa2652.) BT pape yn etn pees Pred lala Lai lasyer topes a the physical Layer, aw trarprissiow as) roa i Unk renponsolé for rete, a fe-tede Cheap 12 hep) corturicabion. || Specipic rerpenaibililics . = aati ad ressug "hoya_conbral, evar co =? and edie accers Goutra. eee | The. dabe tink tes ivider the sfrea of bits. recelveg prot the nebroor& Layer tebe masggesble. dake utits _ the Dela _litk lager tre Muche + tral t Ati bee pam at An SS 1 a eet lam ab whith the daly are absorbed by the _ eeeiver is lors than the robe ob solids daba_arc. reduced _ih_the reader, the aba link lexer imposes i a_flero conbel Mechariom tp ave overShebing the 1 ot pest aie uv nercahellring = (ee — ; —Franing ick ae | Feuniig — Tie cheba Unt-laser, pack bits abo provnes, se BF ia aes pre sige poe arate | size Variable. s}= i i i Znesh ping» there 15. tr | Prxest sized preening = in _piged size prams 2 __ ne_need per Gio te leis the prerse>; the | size _ftselp con pe Gupesd or a dei riter Az ebample. oF ___lltets_bype. of rare bb the AT" DAN, plivn mes Sm peaaen of Pleat Pipe len u +p Inlarnbie sine. Bung = be) Cheaahee es ies Pte Ws Stal WI Briented soppyegsh (4 | Characker eritited protecala — “In charecber_orlenked — __| pretecel dala _to_be “cartied art. % bit cheracken — aa ——_lprorr_a_cesli _syspee such a 25 CTT————— eee | the header“ ponith mernolly camier the. Ssexste and Ii deptinobion address and other cenbrol_ingonaation ord sata = er USS Se to free ie a ia in_chatacher ert ES i pala prom upper (sje Ie Varroble number oF characke— 2M [eteg | wescer fe2e5 chumebor , ib reranves Tt pea the data. seclion ..., ot a Adin ny Bit , teens toe next character 01 aby Teh a a Er a epee a e770 ee in . : = Pravié Sei am —— niet ht ef afer ye ~Frane receives owe ee |g] beser [ec [Rog | E pels aa eer er Dias teas = (9) at i oe its to be tnberprebed by Woe. ‘upper ic qudio, Video and so on. speclo) bib po tte mn Mh [as eee Prete - STH der]oil cleo sole Treller] ofl " fag | vasiabentatiereg Ds logBit Sstugang = if the fl need. be sSteker intom te. recerrec 4 -end_op the prec be do. thie _by shugehigy | mtesd of Uy te) to_previ fern pr a peg TEs. Rare is eels Tie bits ping if aaa ean extra 2B abies. 1 ne £2 fravdesere | Beg [Hester [e010 1) 00 n) Prove reced red [Pea] Hesder [Seti Oi) eiili pe Jove lt unstated), peso Hit Hos Hitt ete Tata Po fret (Aesmagueer: feed epee poi ah ea) os ee et saat = yet = These single ib ©20r Hans yl bik of a given a ee cree Me, to_© fee Fo ae f p charged 40) _ ere = Je[olofojofefifo | sent 1 fi) Vicat eer The fone uct avy easn dead 2 as ies. ee eee el to © ey cone nor (3 bits) Seu SaTRaanEE [eT Telefe a Ae PER Dh] oieeL ad behife TT Tipe fo] TeliTsislohirt Received269 In_evrer_correction — We neest fo cmrreck ene. single ever in_an_® bit daba unit, poe rreest fo consider. ia possi. — ener lecabions; Tr we neato _csmect Ave Ener in—~ daby_urlt_o the suse site, e need to co mider 2? possibilitter. isu There gre tio nsin_Metheds_of ener conection — Li) fervard errer coh fon yar» steer gh Soom ates oon (21) || Re bramrdission Ads iss ga 2) Forward ewer peer eves ist Lie process “ino hich the Sic ee eta jes the message by ust 7 redurlapl bits is__possible, 04 12. —ste. Pere yp the Sey erate me a3 as weeas ot ip Irekemer sion — Parecterialie Mio vassioriazs __ih_ WHidh the. peceiver ie on lener_and ast» the _sender_te_reserl the — hf gee gree ~ = hei ie eee Ba WA Bee 4 |Cading ey is achebved tarotgh va rh - = sender adds risk ih Pe [tee Yelakionships behseen the eee es lee commh_tre enor Me af is 5 elect2U peli yenenlivid eo ——F png = Ta black bits, cabled debe % Ee mr Te orate a arr eeeee — dabassords. be odd piece to male he : Ui) The. hararing didaace d j (stel, ye) js 2 i lo le] perfor ee, a LLU : acess ofo}l Number of 15 = § EF ae q distanre — Hamrythe. = Tro seb _f poords, te mininauiss harrring —cistance Sallest hanrieglistece beheon ol) ouible pals Bxanple lo-6 find the inirruen et Adisfacice doveee, oj oli) = d (pcos, UWlle) = d (poceo, (oles) = » 4 (oj oll, totetd = - The vintwen bates valiyfmace = Cyclic_Cecles oka oe Cyclic codes — Cyclic. —Kedundancy check. CR: ee con create cyclic code» to Yoreck exer. CRE Ts_uret_in_neboores~ such 04 LAWS. and WANS pl am ee Noy ret eerste with _n=b ruber of Os Th then divides tee org tested — 3 ee LL O| fermoinder la Coco sore ah polliol> eee ps bide toro SsPea pharpen lurite tranminie, ~ ——— ae el tf a ef Bec coe “remainder op Le disiion tthe. F DECIR Sy odiyoes ard _aceepied _)' 01 a i 3 y de perd Pea 1)Otee Control ( Bement Dota Uirk frefocats) 3 = The1asstinportar’ responaiilitien of te deka —linlc—leger ae i= (i) lav_contro) i) Ever contra) Collectivedy, these. punctior» art. fenoisnas Corbrat. Hae tos Se — Dabs link {| for contre) — flo conval_coerdlinabes the._artouwt—2f 7 debs thal can beset re receiving an_acknowledytesl ahd is ence of the ast inportark dubicr of tre dala Link omen Hest proteceb plan carte) isa seb of pecedusres thal tebe tne seader hers rtuch cabs ip can beanemit before iP taut toatl jar ackasvled sent prove toe recdiver. — ee receiver. _ [hetecs am fests = Ous_pirst prodecel, nahin 10 9 y ether ore. Sinplest_prodrrcsd pater tbe AY a te Soa pal ot Oe ee a Slant stil pretend pp oedectols fenton are = ae x dion = porate sencler by 1 Sieplest_protecal Hr Shep cand = vinlt festoael = Te_slop andl = tnjp ~_____pretocel_becaure. tne. sender sends pre. prarie..tlsp, _ until ik rocives_tengirmabion prox? tee secebver, cand ia hen sende_dhe. ae : aa _— cerattunicalton fer frames, auxilinrss AL aA Li —fretea drovel_prom dhe ether dive SMe 1 — aia few dic Sender 1 far313 oder - poo) orDced Noisy channels — Adhoush the. stop Pt cubbends Std Py ie fe Tsp ‘ok heceive. inde for Seleckive. fepeok ARO — —— a - Kec eS ea Sere patbig = All Haze proto): are unidirecttonol "cata At bn _Sne. a TR —|such ap ACK and NWAK proven cou Jin the either __ direclion_Tn_real_tipe , dlabe_pravter ave nerrtalbs ——flassieg te both direction: prov nede A te rode fb and ae —tpors_nesie te node A. pa ee Ts team that the _cortrel_infortiotion olen needs to _ ae Sa - rae hy used_to Improve. the ey fatiencs of tre bidiveckionsl ze ( ) fo .profarels. when A fear Ducarjing debi prone # to By 2} Sat cara Fela chdelaincrant ateuk ane j {lor le: are) 27h» Dhen- «pratre is em | sha_peara Bb A. it can ole carry_cm “Souk te anived (er lest) frover prorat. a-E_ Date Unk layer. se __ Unit — Medivin Access Cartyal and Lescol ra Dehseg, 2) alocskion , mubiple—scteas pie POS Lys a er seine £ Pate dards, Link lo= S l = Stel igen aie aaa Tree. tat m to ___Meaiws Tie babe ie ayer ae i | _—_______allvided_tnbo ian shies Tipe Soler a waa ce Yes ponstie. for dala linte_corlraly—amt tose A ; 1s (a Sableerb ~fasposstite pate elvis FACce? bo tho _ =. —____ shared_med ia ______— 3 the _chsnnel“p. diced -2e-cla2 ae eS nego ahiss aca a meee acces resolution [| | — The uppers jor thu) is responsine Saba: Seale land errr contra)” jj eee es [coil Cred gical Link __ he lover _ssbla SLoUe i: en 1 sae sin — Fee =i fceats_casdral me Ce ager =Mubbtyle Access pooineal’s ae “Lanne {on Corbrelled Access. anvelieols | frotecets fb 5 Reservation —___— Fp. Pett Eeiprrse 7 Li2A Ls Teken passing ys Sal key CPA Rordom Atcess — Tn random accessor _Conberbion medieds, Thnx sdabion is Seperioy to onather slalion and rere fs staan pormils, or - i fon jo send. At ecg ___jretance.,_a_slabion thot Hasclaletfn. seen ee eben ie peta) te make a _dedsio __ipn_shether oreo} “Jo send. 7fip_ctecisisn clepend> om ie stale np the rtestiues Cider buds.) a Sea ALG poedeseep_ab tne of 5 SS asin, To i Cetetes) PAIN, bub ib tan ro for—— feb Ve Sane ae ma cles abyjou thal fare ave polebtal oe in c Ses Ls Sai Sie epee —Hejabteuph tp dle so ab the same Hoe. The dade — fit Rg a ae be Valepa WD. fare? aioAcs alle ee a —Hiiy_Statted ALBA _—dts 35? WY Pure ALonA— This is_o_simgle, bok clerank “ prota), The ide is that_eash stalin Sends, i J2 sends Heiser _prame.rheaever it hara_frave— ep toon ohe Pip eel al sla tare}? Pes Tee. pure ALOHA iS § = fies The mei Hrigip Snax _= 0,14 4 ——UD_sisHed_Alsha — Tr sto} the time iptn slots PY sent ple n370 yrier_Sense. Muttiple ficcess C cSr7A) —= To _minimire Fa Ca a ; dre Hance of callision ond, there pore, incrose the 2e Ve, yrance., the CSMA methed Lar developed The te” ae “ee callision_con bt reduced if a_stabion senses } the turn _beport teyis to wpe it. (Gr repuin tot eath stalion ee Ibtea_po the [sealer be pore seneti La other thors C5 A iy_beoed onthe paiiple. ee trarovtit” sx [ylen before dalle”. coma. can predure, z vee ¢ caller, aed 7 canrol ellrinake it e__possitoiliks callish Hl eas a eae aebeey 2h. a_stapiad_x dps —_— + p paleor ee he bit_tp_reach — ——— and_fer every oI Sena ee “Devotrer 1201, m olalion_aay erst the miedinet_ard_ plod ot follt opby because the Bit sorb by another ____|spalion hap set sje bean a fie oe = idle o snlim ee eee, medivry cunsk pied Tt ______lidle. pte it tenda— He at bet di aCats =7at a sation ¢sensep the intective and it tole become = ob tis tae. ,dhe_pint bits on Stebion pb have nel _ trated olatiea_¢. slolisn C plee_sendd _a_franie—. — es eee ee ee | 3 {p\_fersisteak Methods — Wid L= Persisterk meted Li Nonpersistent metied ——_____— . ti) p= fexsistext method om thek prs Stepr: fy eee ee sort_spobiors sail -boait the sexe 4 4 i and pets; 12 tenc| suaultan ously J Nt pesistak ebned is red it the a ie a time. Slok-s trith a shoh dati =375 fe pr Cartier Sere [Mudliple. Access pith Collision Deteckion C.csma/cd) — Csmalcv augments. the cbgorithen qo handle. the. callision . Tr\ this nethsc, a station pesnifois the ediven aptsr it sera a _prome foe. yp tae | dansuision Wet_syccesstul It se, the sdablon 11 penbhed. “the LTpi however, there is 11 collision the_prsme set ogee ary Y pe a MS ey v et a gab q ZO cama [cp_its one. such techriy ue inher differs salons nf that pelow tho profoca)

invented for itd Heprerk. Caltision are _aveded though sch pe weep COM AL CES chee. shalagicn g =< D) The tHe frame. space. te The —carterten vincter> ~ i. Bae bs Dilaprame space. (TS ) = fint callspr—a re. ave see trarnsctsion even Ifthe chante) is pound idle thee San idle channel. is_pound-, the stabton doen not send iyredialely . Te poedts" jor_a_pedol_sf tere. calles the inderprane_ spice Cte = | Tieng in csmajce _—__ ej cet ty ve_tid_The. Contention vindor = jf the. station finds Yhe_chenre) by, it deer not restart the Hizer of the contertion ee |indens » it slops the Pmex and yesjavs it when the — —-Chsnne) _becsmrea idle. pA ec nitvat = SHL_moey 0 eaillision_resulline tn destroyed dala, Th — addition , ig the __.ub Limer’ can hep quarantee. tak the recewver haprecerved the i rae ———__ Conhelled access freleats ——lidl feservabion p= Sera Ek —fassieg i —__Conhelled Access — Ta conhelled acess, tre tebion ——— consul one annther -#o_piindsrbith stir her be pemthyt> Habe to send +AL_slakion canrnt sends urless jp hee _bter authorized by ether stalion. }——O._ Reservation — Ti the_reservahion rethad }————shion needs to Make a reservation __Se» “dale. Tite is ctvidet thle thkenvats cane —tlerve) » @veservalion prese._preceds the daly emes—sert i took interval Bt y Pegies Io atch wae Uithy —S—desttnated a» a pr} ia other devicep Ge Se a avers See . = il the Prirtsiny te = ete - mm fS ot —ecendavy ik : 09) —iis YP the. prinai i ane —-clewite. 15 aloye) 2 we dpe Mt Tieptaaateie i afBe oa Ver of 0 $035 the privacy touts fo rece}ve data, hone the xtorcavies thes have. crythiig. 19. send pts j> cabled — fell prrnchisn, te primary pals to send cata, it telly the. secondary 10. reacky fo recel yeti is_cabled — seleck “furckion. ee as HO “Sdest and Rell panchiovs 20. felling Acces _Mebaed =Tre_slebion_comob send dala —unlil it reeves 4, abn be the net round. Zo the PYotens token a9: phen -a_sfalion recdiven the token and hor _ro dala to send, ib just passed tre cake be the slalion. a suse _this access Paar 1 shalins must be Iietbed in the tee they Can have possession op tre token The_tohen_nawel_be_tonilored 40 ensue 'j_hoo net been lest_or_desheyed“Channediza ton 323 | Telovia poink EA the Channelization — . Channel oblecalioc — When trere ave mort than pre. user a dasiver to access 4 shared nebprorl channel, jan cbgorithna is leyed pov channe) alboca He: eae a aa fe’ . ni oreng lS ree be O, gl ae optical __pizer_teonneclts ruiliple neder p01 a _ portion of thoi 4. thenrel ablerabion orth rs 3. e—iSred chsnneh ar bards; the ws273-LAN Shaner — qixipedi) : TELE 20) — Bor is a _farity of Trstitete o} — Gxoineers a PAN sy PAS 5 The. TERE 8.02 farily fF peanuts Sjandard hop. had 2¢ _dheoiagh Bors 1 2 Tee Se an pe a Aa ge paeew oS Hao sich (ea7 a A belage vasieaDly a deve Hh 1s os ie Line lager STING b Bridges. gee ester geek spiehs A swith Db basically o hard Pare ore device phich 1s responaible. for channelth tne data thot I> contig Unko. the Narioun input potts fp» porttcuboy Gb pork which sill prerther tage tre dala to the. desired destination. te satan s Th is dhue rasduby pad por_the transfer of te dala |packels —ataorg Various. behrorls devices such 92 routes; serven elt. Th is ackucthy « doba. tink_tecpor_dewice, Tinker ensitep thak the dala pckels being fororced ars — ener pree—vndk sicttureke a Sts sible jor dividing =. shagle nefoork_ ino variou — jebvere ents. 1 bo, 2 ae aa ___ Thy the precess iveding a_single_nehseic ito various — lat oe nae > te Neher. __— —t beitgitg. — ee Snitch I| imran ee Bridge. rati an Be. bridge paifiat te. PR reo packet by vin “im ree te nae [Si eudnssn 2 ib ts Sepbsd g —Tpence, it i> hardprare pases | base . ger. “wrecking 4 bride camnc pertor,, Lyn swibo Ve Se aes are