CHAPTER 11: PROJECT MANAGEMENT

Questions Answers
Given the following small project, the critical path is
________ days

C) 16

Given the following small project, the critical path is

________ days

C) 12

Table 11-1
The following represents a project with known
activity times. All times are in weeks

Using the data in Table 11-1, what is the minimum

B) 14
possible time required for completing the project?
Using the data in Table 11-1, what is the latest
possible time that C may be started without delaying C) 8
completion of the project?
According to Table 11-1, compute the slack time for
A) 0
activity D
Using the data in Table 11-1, compute the latest
C) 14
finish time for activity E
Table 11-2
The following represents a project with four
activities. All times are in weeks

According to the data in Table 11-2, what is the

C) B-D
critical path?
According to the data in Table 11-2, what is the
B) 19
minimum expected completion time for the project?
According to Table 11-2, there are four activities in
the project. Assume the normal distribution is
appropriate to use to determine the probability of
finishing by a particular time. If you wished to find
B) 4
the probability of finishing the project in 20 weeks or
fewer, it would be necessary to find the variance and
then the standard deviation to be used with the
normal distribution. What variance would be used?
According to Table 11-2, there are four activities in
the project. Assume the normal distribution is
appropriate to use to determine the probability of
A) 0.07
finishing by a particular time. What is the probability
that the project is finished in 16 weeks or fewer?
(Round to two decimals.)
Table 11-3

According to Table 11-3, there are five activities in a

D) B-E
PERT project. Which activities are on critical path?
According to Table 11-3, there are five activities in a
D) 1.111
PERT project. What is the variance of critical path?
According to Table 11-3, there are five activities in a
PERT project. If the normal distribution were used to
find the probability of finishing this project in 24 D) 22.667 and 1.111
weeks or fewer, what mean and variance would be
used?

CHAPTER 8: LP
Questions Answers
TABLE 8-1
A small furniture manufacturer produces tables and
chairs. Each product must go through three stages
of the manufacturing process: assembly, finishing,
and inspection. Each table requires 3 hours of
assembly, 2 hours of finishing, and 1 hour of
inspection. Each chair requires 2 hours of assembly,
2 hours of finishing, and 1 hour of inspection. The
profit per table is $120 while the profit per chair is
$80. Currently, each week there are 200 hours of
assembly time available, 180 hours of finishing
time, and 40 hours of inspection time. Linear
programming is to be used to develop a production
schedule. Define the variables as follows:
T = number of tables produced each week
C = number of chairs produced each week
According to Table 8-1, which describes a
production problem, what would the objective Maximize 120T + 80C
function be?
According to Table 8-1, which describes a
production problem, which of the following wouldbe T + C ≤ 40
a necessary constraint in the problem?
According to Table 8-1, which describes a
production problem, which of the following wouldbe 3T + 2C ≤ 200
a necessary constraint in the problem?
According to Table 8-1, which describes a
production problem, suppose it is decided that there
4T = C
must be 4 chairs produced for every table. How
would this constraint be written?
According to Table 8-1, which describes a
production problem, suppose it is decided that the
number of hours used in the assembly process must 3T + 2C ≥ 160
be at least 80 percent of the time available. How
would this constraint be written?
According to Table 8-1, which describes a
production problem, suppose it is decided that the
number of hours used in the assembly process must
3T + 2C ≥ 0.9(2T + 2C)
be at least 90 percent of the number of hours used
in the finishing department. How would this
constraint be written?
TABLE 8-2
Diamond Jewelers is trying to determine how to
advertise in order to maximize their exposure. Their
weekly advertising budget is $10,000. They are
considering three possible media: tv, newspaper,
and radio. Information regarding cost and exposure
is given in the table below:
Let T = the # of tv ads, N = the # of newspaper ads,
and R = the # of radio ads
According to Table 8-2, which describes a media
selection problem, what would the objective Maximize 7000T + 8500N + 3000R
function be?
According to Table 8-2, what is the advertising
800T + 1000N + 400R ≤ 10,000
budget constraint?
According to Table 8-2, which of the following sets
of inequalities properly represent the limits on T ≤ 10; N ≤ 7; R ≤ 20
advertisements per week by media?
According to Table 8-2, what is the optimal solution? T = 10; N = 2; R =
TABLE 8-3
A marketing research firm would like to survey
undergraduate and graduate college students about
whether or not they take out student loans for their The marketing research firm would like to minimize
education. There are different cost implications for the cost of the survey while meeting the
the region of the country where the college is requirements. Let X1 = # of undergraduate students
located and the type of degree. The survey cost from the East region, X2 = # of graduate students
table is provided below: from the East region, X3 = # of undergraduate
The requirements for the survey are as follows: students from the Central region, X4 = # of graduate
The survey must have at least 1500 students students from the Central region, X5 = # of
At least 400 graduate studentsAt least 100 graduate undergraduate students from the West region, and
students should be from the West X6 = # of graduate students from the West region
No more than 500 undergraduate students should
be from the EastAt least 75 graduate students
should be from the Central region
At least 300 students should be from the West
According to Table 8-3, what is the objective
Minimize 10X1 + 15X2 + 12X3 + 18X4 + 15X5 + 21X6
function?
According to Table 8-3, the constraint that there
must be at least 400 graduate students is expressed X2 + X4 + X6 ≥ 400
a
According to Table 8-3, the minimum cost is 19625
TABLE 8-4
A small furniture manufacturer produces tables and
chairs. Each product must go through three stages
of the manufacturing process: assembly, finishing,
and inspection. Each table requires 4 hours of
assembly, 3 hours of finishing, and 1 hour of
inspection. Each chair requires 3 hours of assembly,
2 hours of finishing, and 2 hours of inspection. The
selling price per table is $140 while the selling price
per chair is $90. Currently, each week there are 220
hours of assembly time available, 160 hours of
finishing time, and 45 hours of inspection time.
Assume that one hour of assembly time costs $5.00;
one hour of finishing time costs $6.00; one hour of
inspectiontime costs $4.50; and that whatever labor
hours are not required for the table and chairs can
be applied to another product. Linear programming
is to be used to develop a production schedule.
Define the variables as follows
T = number of tables produced each week
C = number of chairs produced each week
According to Table 8-4, which describes a
production problem, what would the objective Maximize 97.5T + 54C
function be?
According to Table 8-4, which describes a
production problem, suppose it was decided that all
the labor hour costs have to be covered through the
Maximize 140T + 90C
sale of the tables and chairs, regardless of whether
or not all the labor hours are actually used. How
would the objective function be written?
According to Table 8-4, which describes a
production problem, suppose you realize that you
can trade off assembly hours for finishing hours, but
7T + 5C ≤ 240
that the total number of finishing hours, including
the trade-off hours, cannot exceed 240 hours. How
would this constraint be written?
Suppose that the problem described in Table 8-4 is
modified to specify that one-third of the tables
produced must have 6 chairs, one-third must have 4 C = 4T
chairs, and one-third must have 2 chairs. How would
this constraint be written?
Table 8-5
Each coffee table produced by Timothy Kent
Designers nets the firm a profit of $9. Each
bookcase yields a $12 profit. Kent's firm is small and
its resources limited. During any given production
period (of 1 week), 10 gallons of varnish and 12
lengths of high quality redwood are available. Each
coffee table requires approximately 1 gallon of
varnish and 1 length of redwood. Each bookcase
takes 1 gallon of varnish and 2 lengths of wood
T = number of tables produced each week
B = number of bookcases produced each week

Referring to Table 8-5, if we were to frame this as a

linear programming problem, the objective function Maximize 9T + 12B
would be
Referring to Table 8-5, which of the following
1T + 1B ≤ 10
constraints would be used?
Referring to Table 8-5, suppose that this problem
requires that you use all the varnish for the week.
1B + 1T ≤ 10 will become 1B + 1T = 10
How would the linear programming representation
change
Referring to Table 8-5, the solution to the problem is T = 8, B = 2
Referring to Table 8-5, which of the following
1T + 2B ≤ 12
constraints would be used?
TABLE 8-6 Minimize X1 + X2 + X3 + X4
The following is a linear programming formulation Subject to: X1 + X4 ≥ 12 (shift 1)
of a labor planning problem. There are four X1 + X2 ≥ 15 (shift 2)
overlapping shifts, and management must decide X2 + X3 ≥ 16 (shift 3)
how many employees to schedule to start work on X3 + X4 ≥ 14 (shift 4)
each shift. The objective is to minimize the total all variables ≥ 0
number of employees required while the Final Optimal Solution:Z = 29.000
constraints stipulate how many employees are Variable Value
required at each time of day. The variables X1 - X4 X1 13.000
represent the number of employees starting work X2 2.000
on each shift (shift 1 through shift 4). X3 14.000
X4 0.000
According to Table 8-6, which describes a labor
planning problem and its solution, how many 13
workers would be assigned to shift 1?
According to Table 8-6, which describes a labor
planning problem and its solution, how many 14
workers would be assigned to shift 3?
According to Table 8-6, which describes a labor
planning problem and its solution, how many 2
workers would be assigned to shift 2?
According to Table 8-6, which describes a labor
planning problem and its solution, how many 0
workers would be assigned to shift 4?
According to Table 8-6, which describes a labor
planning problem and its solution, how many 13
workers would actually be on duty during shift 1?
TABLE 8-7
Ivana Myrocle wishes to invest her inheritance of
$200,000 so that her return on investment is
maximized, but she also wishes to keep her risk
level relatively low. She has decided to invest her
money in any of three possible ways: CDs, which
pay a guaranteed 6 percent; stocks, which have an C = dollars invested in CDs
expected return of 13 percent; and a money market S = dollars invested in stocks
mutual fund, which is expected to return 8 percent. M = dollars invested in the money market mutual
She has decided that any or all of the $200,000 may fund
be invested, but any part (or all) of it may be put in
any of the 3 alternatives. Thus, she may have some
money invested in all three alternatives. In
formulating this as a linear programming problem,
define the variables as follows

According to Table 8-7, which describes an

investment problem, which of the following would
C + S + M ≤ 200000
be the most appropriate constraint in the linear
programming problem?
According to Table 8-7, which describes an
investment problem, suppose that Ivana has decided
that the amount invested in stocks cannot exceed -C + 3S - M ≤ 0
one-fourth of the total amount invested. Which is
the best way to write this constraint?
According to Table 8-7, which describes an
investment problem, suppose that Ivana has
assigned the following risk factors to each
investment instrument – CDs (C): 1.2; stocks (S): 4.8;
1.2C + 4.8S + 3.2M ≤ 3.3(C + S + M)
money market mutual fund (M): 3.2. If Ivana decides
that she wants the risk factor for the whole
investment to be less than 3.3, how should the
necessary constraint be written?
TABLE 8-8
Cutlery Corner sells specialty knives to knife
enthusiasts. They have a generous advertising
budget to spread among four media channels: their
recurring TV show, newspaper ads, radio spots, and
social media. Tom, the owner and star of the TV
show is adamant that the show air at least twice a
day, seven days a week but decides you can
allocate the rest of the budget as you see fit. The TV
shows draws 20,000 interested viewers per airing
and costs $2,000 per episode. Daily newspaper ads
cost $1500 and can be run up to seven days a week.
Given the level of readership for newspapers, you
settle on a figure of 10,000 people reached per ad.
Radio spots come in 15 second and 30 second
durations — 15 second spots in drive time cost $500
per airingand 30 second spots any other time of the
day are a relative bargain at $250.
For the scenario in Table 8-8, what is the objective
function if the problem is set up to determine the
way to reach the most potential customers?
For the scenario in Table 8-8, what is the objective
function if the problem is set up to determine the
least expensive advertising campaign?
For the scenario in Table 8-8, what is the drive time
radio constraint if the problem is set up to determine
the least expensive advertising campaign?
Drive time spots are available twice a day (morning
and evening commute) five days a week and reach
12,000, and the "any other time" spots could air up
to six times a day seven days a week and reach
5,000 listeners per airing. The social media
campaign is run out of a specialist's office and a
burst of blogging, tweeting, vining and whatever
else happens to be in fashion at the time costs $700
and reaches 10,000
Naturally, it occurs to you that this could be
modeled as a linear program, so you define your
variables as:
T = dollars spent on a TV campaign
N = dollars spent on newspaper advertisements
RF = dollars spent on fifteen second drive time radio
advertisements
RT = dollars spent on thirty second radio
advertisements
S = dollars spent on the social media campaign
Max 20,000T + 10,000N + 12,000RF + 5,000RT +
10,000S
Min 2,000T + 1,500N + 500RF + 250RT + 700S
RF ≤ 10

For the scenario in Table 8-8, you could choose to

formulate the problem to maximize exposure or
20,000T + 10,000N + 12,000RF + 5,000RT + 10,000S ≥
minimize cost. Which of these constraints would be
some target exposure
needed only in the cost minimization system of
equations?
For the scenario in Table 8-8, what is the newspaper
constraint if the problem is set up to determine the
N≤7
way to reach the most potential customers if your
goal is to reach 1,000,000 customers?
For the scenario in Table 8-8, what is the exposure
constraint if the problem is set up to minimize 20,000T + 10,000N + 12,000RF + 5,000RT + 10,000S ≥
advertising costs as long as you reach 1,000,000 1,000,000
customers?
For the scenario in Table 8-8, how many constraints
exclusive of the non-negativity constraint, are
required if the problem is set up to minimize 5
advertising costs as long as you reach 1,000,000
customers?
For the scenario in Table 8-8, how many constraints
are required if the problem is set up to maximize 6
exposure?
For the scenario in Table 8-8, you could choose to
formulate the problem to maximize exposure or
minimize cost. Running the model to maximize
exposure within a weekly budget of $45,000 results
in an exposure value of 631,428.6 and 14 TV spots,
no newspaper ads, 10 fifteen second radio ads, 42 The minimum cost will be $45,000
thirty second radio ads, and 2.14 social media spots.
Suppose you re-run themodel to minimize the
budget and include a constraint that you must have
an exposure value of greater than or equal to
631,428.6 individuals. Which of these statements is
best?
For the scenario in Table 8-8, you could choose to
formulate the problem to maximize exposure or
minimize cost. Running the model to maximize
exposure within a weekly budget of $45,000 results
in an exposure value of 631,428.6 and 14 TV spots,
no newspaper ads, 10 fifteen second radio ads, 42 The quantity of purchases in each medium will be
thirty second radio ads, and 2.14 social media spots. exactly the same
Suppose you re-run themodel to minimize the
budget and include a constraint that you must have
an exposure value of greater than or equal to
631,428.6 individuals. Which of these statements is
best?
TABLE 8-9
As the high bidder on a monstrous storage locker in "One local distributer has placed an order for at
Rancho Cucamonga, Darrell discovers muchto his least 5,000 purses and is willing to increase the
dismay that no collectibles or priceless works of art order to a maximum of 10,000 if sales are strong. A
have been seeded in his locker. Insteadhe finds purse requires 0.25 yards of leather, a one foot
cases and cases of raw leather, zippers, packets of length of zipper material, one dye packet and two
dye, and spools of thread. After some thorough feet of thread. Darrell charges $41.50 for each one
research on typical prices, Darrell concludes that his shipped. Another distributor is more interested in
cost of the leather is $2 per yard, his zipper cost if apparel and has placed orders for bothpants at
$1 per foot, the dye is $1 per packet and the thread $33.50 and jackets at $104. They want at least
is fifty cents per foot.They don't call him "The 10,000 jackets up to a ceiling of 15,000 and at least
Gambler" for nothing, and he is determined to find 10,000 pairs of leather pants. As you might imagine,
a way to profit fromthis misfortune as well as shed there is no limit to the number of pairs of leather
the burden of his son Brandon, who isn't much of pants that can be sold. A leather jacket requires 1.5
an asset in the storage wars. He sets Brandon up yards of leather, three feet of zipper material, two
with a small production business and, using his dye packets and eight feet of thread. Leather pants
connections, manages to land contracts to supply take a full two yards ofleather, six inches of zipper
leather purses, pants, backpacks and jackets that material, two dye packets and six feet of thread. Yet
can be dyedto match current market trends. "In another distributor is keen on backpacks and sees a
fashion, one day you're in and the next day you're market for at least 2,500 backpacks but is unwilling
out," Darrell explains to Brandon as he reviewed the to take more than 7,500. Each backpack requires a
contracts he had arranged. "We can make enoughto half yard of leather, two feet of zipper material, one
get you out of the house now that I have 60,000 dye packet, and three feet of thread, and Darrell
yards of leather, 50,000 feet of zipper material, ships them to this distributor at $22.50
100,000 dye packets and 200,000 feet of thread.
Use the information in Table 8-9 to formulate an
Maximize 38Pu + 24Pa + 17B + 92J
objective function
Use the information in Table 8-9 to formulate a
0.25Pu + 2Pa + 0.50B + 1.5J ≤ 60,000
constraint for the use of leather
Use the information in Table 8-9 to formulate
P ≥ 5,000; P ≤ 10,000
constraints for the production of purses.
In the optimal solution to this scenario, purse
production falls in between the upper and lower
constraints. None of the items with maximum Nothing can be concluded from this statement
demands are produced to their limit. Which of these
statements is valid
Use the information in Table 8-9 to formulate a
1Pu + 0.5Pa + 2B + 3J ≤ 50,000
constraint for the use of zipper material
What will be the outcome of the linear program that
Each product will be produced to a level equal to its
uses the correct constraints but focuses on cost
minimum constraint
minimization rather than profit maximization?
Use the information in Table 8-9 to formulate an LP
approach to profit maximization. How many
11
constraints (exclusive of the non-negativity
constraint) should this problem have
Use the information in Table 8-9 to formulate an LP
approach to profit maximization. How many 4
decision variables should this problem have?
Use the information in Table 8-9 to formulate an
objective function that strives for revenue Maximize 41.50Pu + 33.50Pa + 22.50B + 104J
maximization
Use the information in Table 8-9 to answer this
question. If Darrell elects to make 5000 purses, what 190000
is their total contribution to his profit?