Evolution Review 2022

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1. What was Lamarck’s evolutionary hypothesis? What was wrong with his hypothesis?

2. What was Charles Darwin’s role in the formulation of evolutionary theory?

3. Be familiar with the basic story of how Darwin developed his theory of natural selection.

4. Why did Darwin wait for so long to publish his book On the Origin of Species?

5. How does artificial selection differ from natural selection?

6. What is a gene pool?

7. What is the ultimate single source of variation in all living things?

8. Explain the two major sources of variation?

9. How are single gene traits different from polygenic traits?

10. Differentiate between genotype and phenotype.

11. How is Darwinian fitness different from our “normal” concept of fitness?

12. Would you expect similar organisms to have similar DNA? Why?

13. Why is the fossil record so important in evolutionary theory?

14. What are vestigial structures and what do they show? Give two examples.

15. What are homologous structures and what do they show? Give two examples.

16. What are analogous structures and what do they show? Give two examples.

17. What happens during the process of speciation?

18. How is the danger of the overuse of antibiotics consistent with evolutionary theory?

19. What are the 5 different mechanisms that allow evolution to occur?

20. What is genetic drift and why is it important?

21. What are the major types of isolation which can lead to a new species?

22. Why is it said that natural selection acts directly on phenotypes and not genotypes?

23. What is the founder effect?

24. Identify the three types of selection curves and describe an event that could cause each to happen.

25. Be able to read and interpret a cladogram.