UNIT 1

INTODUCTION TO COMPUTER SYSTEM

CHAPTER 1

COMPUTER SYSTEM
 The full form of the Computer is Common Operating Machine Purposely
Used for Technological and Educational Research.
 COMPUTER: A computer is an electronic device that can be programmed
to accept data (input), process it and generate result (output).
 The functional components of a computer are Input unit, Output unit,
Central Processing Unit and Memory unit.
 Characteristics of a computer:
1. Speed
2. Accuracy
3. Reliability
4. High storage
5. Versatility
6. Diligence
 Limitations of computer:
1. Lack of decision making (It has no feelings, emotions or fear)
2. Zero IQ
 Data: It is a collection of raw or unorganized facts.
 Information: The processed or organized data is known as information.
 The first mechanical device developed in China - Abacus
 The name of first computer designed by Charles Babbage - Difference
Engine
 The world’s first commercial computer – UNIVAC -1
 The first computer to handle both numeric and text data - UNIVAC -1
(Universal Automatic Computer)
  The first general - purpose electronic digital computer – ENIAC
 The first electronics digital programmable computing device – ENIAC
(Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)
 The first computer to which we can give instructions and can also store
data in it. ---EDVAC(Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer)
 The first data storage device: Punch card
 The first electronic stored-program computer- Manchester Baby
 The Father of computer: Charles Babbage

Generations of Generations timeline Evolving hardware

computers
First generation 1940s-1950s Vacuum tube
Second generation 1950s-1960s Transistor
Third generation 1960s-1970s Integrated circuit
Fourth generation 1970s-present Microprocessor
Fifth generation The present and the future Artificial intelligence

IPO Cycle: The IPO cycle is the input & output after the process of the information.

Input->Process ->Output (IPO cycle)

Input Output
Data Process Information

Storage
 ARCHITECTURE OF COMPUTER

Computer System:

All of the components of a computer system can be summarized with the simple
equations. COMPUTER SYSTEM = HARDWARE + SOFTWARE+ USER

Hardware: Hardware refers to a tangible device that is physically connected to the

computer system. Hardware components are connected to the computer both
externally and internally.

Devices that you can see outside your computer are called external hardware,
such keyboard, mouse, printer, etc. Devices that are located inside the CPU
cabinet are called internal hardware, such as motherboard, hard drive, RAM, etc.

Software : A software is a set of programs, which is designed for a well-defined

function. Software is a non-tangible component of a computer.