GEN BIO II

Six-Kingdom Classification Scheme Runner

Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919) -new plants arise at nodes of above ground
-proposed the third kingdom (protista) horizontal stem

Edouard Chatton (1883-1947) Corm

-introduced the term prokaryotes and -new plants arise from very short thickened,
eukaryotes underground stem with thin leaves

Herbert Copeland (1902-1968) Rhizome

-proposed a four-kingdom scheme -new plants arise at nodes of underground
-classified prokaryotic organism into kingdom horizontal rootlike stem
Monera.
Bulbs
Carl Woese -new bulbs arise from axillary bud on very short
-proposed the division of prokaryota into stem
eubacteria and archaebacteria
-proposed the creation of the taxon called Cutting
domain -leaves or piece of a stem or roots are cut from
one plant
Robert Whittaker
-proposed the fifth-kingdom Budding and Grafting
-small stems from one plant are attached to
Domain Bacteria larger stems or roots of another plant
-includes all prokaryotic, single celled bacteria
-diverse organisms Tissue Culture
-aerobic bacteria -pieces of tissue from one plant are placed on
-some are autotrophs but most are a sterile medium and used to grow new
heterotrophs individuals in mass number
-the kingdom under is Eubacteria
Sexual Reproduction
Domain Archaea -involves the fusion of sex cells
-perceived to be more primitive than bacteria
-more closely related to eukaryotes Male Organs
-diverse in shape and mode of nutrition Stamen
-extreme thermophiles -male reproductive part
-the kingdom under is archaebacteria
Anther
Domain Eukarya -makes tiny grain called pollen
-the presence of membrane bound nucleus
and other membrane bound organelles Filament
-the kingdom under includes Protista, Plantae - holds up the anther
and kingdom Animalia
Female Organs
Asexual Reproduction Carpel
-produces identical offspring from a single - female reproductive part
parent plant
Stigma
Tubber -top part of the carpel with sticky surface
-new roots arise from axillary bud on swollen, to trap pollen
short, fleshly, underground stem
Style
-joins the stigma and the ovary Transport or Vascular Tissue
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Ovary
-contains the female sex cells called XYLEM
ovules -

GAS EXCHANGE IN PLANTS PHLOEM

Leaves -
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Human Heart
Stomata -
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Right Side
Cuticle -
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Left Side
Guard Cells -
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Septum
Lenticels -
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Right Atrium
Root Hairs -
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GAS EXCHANGE IN ANIMALS Tricuspid Valve, Bicuspid or Mitral Valve, Aortic

Respiration Valve
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Ventilation Aorta
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Four Major Types of Gas Exchange in Animals Left Ventricle

1. -
Integumentary Exchange
- Left Atrium
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2.
Operculum- The Blood
Lamellae- -
Countercurrent Exchange-
Plasma
3. -
Spiracles-
Tracheae- White Blood Cells
Tracheoles- -

4. Platelets
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Marcello Malpighi
- Red Blood Cells
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Mollusks
PLANT EXCRETION -
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Earthworms
Excretion -
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Insects
Amoeba -
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Vertebrates
Hydra -
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Nervous System
Malpighian Tubules -
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Neurons
Flame Cells -
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Glial Cell
Kidneys -
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Cell Body
Nephrons -
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Filtration Dendrites
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Filtrate Axons
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Reabsorption Myelin Sheath

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Urine Elimination Sensory Neurons

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Urine Interneurons
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Bladder Motor Neurons

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Urethra Nervous System

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ANIMAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Nerve Impulse

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Flatworms Synapse
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Central Nervous System Somatosensory System
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Brain Immune System

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Meninges Immune Response

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Dura Mater Immunity

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Arachnoid Mater Innate/natural Immune System

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Cerebrospinal Fluid Innate/adaptive Immune System

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Cerebrum First Line of Defense

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Cerebellum Skin
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Brain Stem Keratin

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Peripheral Nervous System Good Bacteria

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Autonomic Nervous System Biochemical Defense

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Somatic Nervous System Lysozyme

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Sensory System Mucus

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Mechanoreceptor Cilia
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Chemoreceptor Stomach Acid

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Photoreceptor Infection
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Thermoreceptor Second Line Defense

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 T- Lymphocytes
Lymphatic System -
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B- Lymphocytes
Lymph Tissue -
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Humoral Immune System
Lymph -
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Antibodies
Lymphocytes -
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Neutralization
White Blood Cells -
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Opsonization
Macrophages -
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Complement Activation
Neutrophils -
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IgA (immunoglobulin alpha)
Natural Killer Cells -
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Dendritic Cells IgD (immunoglobulin delta)

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Eosinophils IgE (immunoglobulin eplison)

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Basophils IgG (immunoglobulin gamma)

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Mast Cells IgM (immunoglobulin mu)

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Lymphocytes Activation of Phagocytes

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Antigen Antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes

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Cytokines Release of various cytokines

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Inflammation
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Histamines and Protaglandins

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