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Product: WHEEL LOADER

Model: 988G WHEEL LOADER 2TW
Configuration: 988G Wheel Loader 2TW00001-00659 (MACHINE) POWERED
BY 3456 Engine

Systems Operation
All Products Air Conditioning and Heating R-134a for All Caterpillar Machines
Media Number -SENR5664-13 Publication Date -01/05/2006 Date Updated -11/05/2006

i01209937

Glossary of Terms
SMCS - 7320

Accumulator - The accumulator is a component of an air conditioning system that has an orifice tube. The
accumulator separates liquid refrigerants from the circuit. The accumulator is used to store a small amount
of liquid refrigerant. The accumulator may also contain a desiccant which will remove moisture from the
system.

Ambient air - Outside air

Charge - The charge is a predetermined amount of refrigerant that is put into the air conditioning system.
The charge is measured in units of weight.

Compressor - The compressor is a component in the system that increases the pressure of the refrigerant.
The compressor increases the pressure of the refrigerant in the system by pumping.

Condenser - The condenser is a component in the system that changes the refrigerant from a vapor to a
liquid.

Contaminants - Dirt, water, and air

Desiccant - The desiccant is used in the receiver-dryer and in the accumulator. The desiccant removes
moisture from the air conditioning system.

Detecting - Detecting is finding the source of the problem in the system.

Diaphragm - The diaphragm is a rubber-like material. The diaphragm divides the upper chamber and the
lower chamber in the thermostatic expansion valve.

Discharge - Discharge is the removal of some of the refrigerant or the removal of all the refrigerant from the
air conditioning system.

Discharge side - The discharge side is the outlet from the compressor to the condenser coil.

Evacuating - Evacuating is the removal of air and moisture from the air conditioning system.

Evaporation - Evaporation is the process of changing a liquid to a vapor.

Evaporator - The evaporator is the component in the air conditioning system that changes the refrigerant
from a liquid to a vapor. The evaporator transfers heat to the liquid refrigerant in order to convert the
refrigerant into a vapor.

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Expansion Valve - The expansion valve is a component in the air conditioning system that regulates the
flow of liquid refrigerants into the evaporator.

Fluid - Fluid is a liquid or a gas.

Flush - Flushing is the removal of foreign material and oil from the air conditioning system. You must flush
the system with fluid that is approved. The fluid must be approved by S.A.E. and I.S.O. standards.

Freeze - Freezing causes a liquid to become a solid.

Gas - A gas is a substance that contains very small particles which float in the air. A gas does not contain
liquid or solid particles.

Graduated Container - A graduated container is a glass container with markings on the side of the
container. The markings are used in order to measure the amount of fluid in the container. The markings
normally have units of ounces or units of milliliters.

Heat - Thermal energy

Identifier - The identifier is an instrument that is used for testing the system. The identifier is used for
determining the type of refrigerant that is in the system. The identifier is also used for determining the
percentage of air that is in the system.

In-line Dryer - The in-line dryer is a component in the air conditioning system that removes moisture from
the system. The in-line dryer will have air conditioner quick disconnect in the system. The in-line dryer will
have an orifice tube in the system.

Latent heat of evaporation - The quantity of heat that is absorbed by a liquid as the liquid is changed from
a liquid into a vapor at a constant temperature.

Leak detector - The leak detector is a device that is used to locate leaks in the air conditioning system.

Liquid line - The liquid line is the line that connects the condenser coil, the dryer receiver, and the
expansion valve together in an expansion valve system. The liquid line is also the line that connects the
condenser coil and the orifice tube together in an orifice tube system.

Magnetic clutch - The magnetic clutch is a device which is used as a coupling between the pulley and the
compressor. The magnetic clutch turns the compressor on and off. An electric current activates the clutch.

Manifold gauge set - The manifold gauge set contains gauges and hoses that are used to measure the
pressures in the air conditioning system.

Moisture - Moisture is water that is in the air or water that is in the refrigerant.

Moisture indicator - The moisture indicator is a device that uses color to indicate if the material in the
dryer is fully soaked with moisture. The moisture indicator will display a pink color or a white color if the
moisture indicator is soaked with moisture. The moisture indicator will display a blue color if the moisture
indicator is capable of absorbing more moisture.

Orifice tube - The orifice tube has a body that is plastic with a metal tube device. The orifice tube is a
metering control. The orifice tube is located between the high pressure side and the low pressure side in the
orifice tube system.

Overcharge - A system is overcharged when an excessive amount of refrigerant is present in the air
conditioning system.

Partial charge - A partial charge is less than a full charge of refrigerant. An air conditioning system has a
partial charge when there is not enough refrigerant in the system.

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Performance test - The performance test is the notation of temperatures and pressures under controlled
conditions. The performance test is used in order to determine if the air conditioning system is operating
normally.

Refrigerant quick-check procedure - The refrigerant quick-check procedure is a brief inspection of the
system. No instruments are required in order to perform a refrigerant quick-check procedure.

Receiver-dryer - The receiver-dryer is the component in the air conditioning system that removes the
contaminants (moisture) from the circuit. The receiver-dryer is also a storage area for a small amount of
liquid refrigerant. The receiver-dryer may also have a pressure switch that deactivates the compressor if the
pressure of the refrigerant is lower than approximately 175 kPa (25 psi).

Reclaim - The reclaiming and the restoring of air conditioner refrigerant must meet the S.A.E. and the I.S.O.
specifications. The reclaiming of air conditioner refrigerant requires processes that are available only at a
remanufacturing facility.

Recover - Recovering is the removal of the air conditioner refrigerant from the air conditioner system. The
refrigerant must be stored in an approved container. The refrigerant is not required to be tested or processed
when the refrigerant is recovered from the system.

Recycle - The recycling of the refrigerant is usually completed at the site or at the service shop. The
refrigerant can be cleaned by using oil separation. The refrigerant can be cleaned by passing the refrigerant
through a filter dryer.

Refrigerant - The refrigerant is the fluid that is used in the air conditioning system. The refrigerant removes
heat from the operator's compartment.

Refrigerant oil - Refrigerant oil is the oil that is used in the air conditioning system. The refrigerant oil
lubricates the compressor.

Sight glass - The sight glass is used to observe the flow of refrigerant in the air conditioning system. The
sight glass is located at the top of the receiver-dryer or in the line that is leaving the receiver-dryer.

Stabilize - If the performance of the system is constant, the system is stabilized.

Stuck - Sticking will cause the prevention of free movement.

Sub-cooling - The additional cooling of the refrigerant in the bottom of the condenser after the refrigerant
has changed from a vapor to a liquid.

Suction side - The suction side is the connection that is between the evaporator coil and the compressor.

Superheat - The additional heating of the refrigerant in the bottom of the evaporator after the refrigerant has
changed from a liquid to a vapor.

Temperature of saturation - At the temperature of saturation, a liquid will change into a vapor and a vapor
changes into a liquid. The temperature of saturation depends on the pressure of the fluid. The temperature of
saturation increases when the pressure of a fluid increases.

Vapor - Gas

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