(8,9,10) Number System

The SPOORTHY Basic Classification - Numbers Tree CSAT 2024
Chapter -1: Basic Classification
The Numbers line:
is aa
The number line is line that starts from zero and goes towards positive infinity when it moves
to the right and towards negative infinity when it moves to the left.
ts negative
Classification of Numbers:
Real Numbers
Rational Numbers Irrational Numbers

(p/q) /2, 73, V4
Integers Fractions
-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3,
Whole Numbers
0, 1, 2, 3, 4,
Natural Numbers
Counting Numbers 1, 2, 3, 4,.
Natural numbers:
Numbers which are used counting,

it means all positive integers are natural numbers. (1, 2, 3, and so on).
Zero, negative numbers, and decimals are not included this group.
Whole numbers:
/ Natural numbers and zero called as whole numbers

Which are non-negative integers.
Denoted by W
Integers
Combination of positives and negatives is set of Integers

Negative and positive Natural numbers and => {......, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ......)
Rational numbers:
A rational number is one that can be represented as the ratio of two integers (p/q)
/
For example
(i) Terminating (or finite) decimal fractions: 17/4 = 4.25, 21/5 = 4.2....
(ii) Non-terminating decimal fractions:
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(a) Non-terminating periodic fractions: 16/3 = 5.333........

Here, terminating decimal and non-terminating periodic decimal fractions belong
to the set of rational numbers.
Irrational numbers:
An irrational number cannot be written as the ratio of two integers.
Non-terminating non-periodic fractions: 5.230987621..........
Examples, Pi = 3.14159......, e = 2.718........ /2 =1.4142...
Real numbers:
The set of Rational and Irrational numbers together is the set of Real Numbers and is
denoted by R.
a number line (number line
A real number is a value that represents any quantity along
represents numbers from .00 to +oo).
Because they lie on a number line, their size can be compared. You can say one is greater or
less than another, and do arithmetic with them.
Even and Odd Numbers:

Even and Odd are properties of Integers only.
For exams purposes, we would take non negative Integers i.e. 0, 1, 2, 3, .
Even Number:
A number which is divisible by 2 viz.
Even numbers are represented by 2n, where .
Zero is also an Even number.
Odd Number:
A number that is not divisible b viz. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9,
Odd numbers are represented + 1, where n = 0, 1, 2,.
Even ‡ Even Even

Odd + Odd = Even
Even + Odd = Odd
Odd + Odd Odd = Odd
Even x Any number = Even
Odd x Odd xOdd...... Odd
Eveneven = Even & Oddodd = Odd

Review Test-01
O1. If a, b & c are positive integers,

then (a - b)x (b- c) (c - a) is?
(a) always even (b) Always odd
(c) Could be Even also or Odd also (d) Cant be determined
2. If x, y and z are odd, even and odd, respectively, then (x2 - yz2 y?) and (x2 + y2 + z2) are
respectively
(a) Odd and odd (b) Even and Odd
(c) Odd and even (d) Odd and odd
3. Which of the following statements are/is correct?

(i) Pi (=n) is a irrational number
(ii) 22/7 is a rational number
(a) Only i (b) Only ii

(c) None of the above (d) Both i & ii
4. Consider the following statements.

(1) Square of every natural number can be written in the form 3n or 3n + 1.
(2) Square of every natural number can be written in the form An or 4n + 1.
Which of the above statements are/is correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 (c) (d) None of the above
5. Let S= p?+ q2 + r2,

Where p and q are consecutive positive intege and r = p x q.
Then VS is
(a) an even integer odd integer
(c) always irrational (dy sometimes irrational
In a three-digit number the sum e the digits is 13. The tens digit iS one less than the unit's digit.
Which of the following numbers cannot be a digit in the hundreds place?

(a) 4 (b)2 (c) 5 (d) 6
7. A number 15B is divisible by 6. Which of these will be true about the positive integer B?
(a) B will be even (b) B will be odd
(c) B will be even or odd (d) Can't say
8. A, B, C, D and E are five consecutive integers in increasing order of size. Which one of the following
expressions is not odd?
(a) AB + C (b) AB + D
(c) AC + D (d) AC + E
9. Find the smallest natural number n which satisfies the equation n3 + 2n? = b,
where is the square of an odd integer.
(a) 4 (b)1 (c) 6 (d) 7
10. The smallest rational number by which 1/3 should be multiplied so that its decimal expansion
terminates after one place of decimal, is
(a) 3/10 (b) 1/10 (c) 3 (d) 3/100

Key
Review Test -1
1. A
2. C
D
&. D
9. D
10. A

The SPOORTHY Divisibility Rules, Prime & Composite numbers CSAT 2024
In Chapter -02, we will discuss following concepts
Prime & Composite numbers

Divisibility rules
Remainders
Prime Numbers:
A number which doesn't have factors other than one.
Number 6 factors, are 1, 2 and 3. factors for 7, only 1 and itself. So, 7 is a prime number.
Prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73,
79, 83, 89, and 97 so on.
The only even number which is prime number is 2.

The first odd prime number is 3.
Note:
1. There are 25 prime numbers which are less than 100
2. For every prime number greater than 3, generally will be in the form of (6n+ 1)
or (6n 1), where as n is integer, but vice versa is not true, i.e. numbers which
are in the form (6n+ 1) or (6n - 1) need not be a prime
3. For every prime number greater than 3, divided by 6 then remainder is either
or b.
Composite Numbers:
Any number other than prime numbers called as composite numbers.
Examples are 2, 4, 8, 10 so on.
Note: is neither prime nor composite
Co-Prime Numbers:
Two numbers are said to be co-prime to each other if they do not have any common
factor, other than 1.
Thus 8 and 9, though they themselves are not primes, are co-prime to each other.
Similarly are 11 and 42.
Twin Primes:
Difference (gap) between any two primes is two or simply there is only one composite
number between two primes they are called twin primes.
Note: Twin primes concept is different from Co-primes.

Divisibility rules:
To know whether if a number is divided by another number or not.
Divisibility rules will help us to factorise numbers more easily.

pility Rules
Divisibility by 2 & its Powers:

clubs

Rule for 2: Any number ends with even digit are divided by 2. E.g: 298, 302, 1024 etc.
Rule for 4 (=2?): A number formed with last two digits in a number if it is divided by
4 then number is divided by 4.
E.g: 18548. Check if 48 is divided by 4, then 18548 is divided by 4.
Rule for 8 (=23): A number formed with last three digits in a number, if it is divided
by 8 then number is divided by 8.

The number 4816 is divisible by 8 because 816 is divided by 8
Similarly,
Rule for 16 (=24): A number formed with last four digits in a number,
Rule for 32 (=25): A number formed with last five digits in a number.....so on.
Divisibility by 3 & 9:
number is multiple of 3, then number is divided by 3.
If Sum of the digits in a
E.g: Take a number 1236. Sum of the digits is 1 + 2 + 3 + 6 = 12, which is a multiple of
3 is so number is divided by 3.
Similar rule for 9, sum of the digits must be 9 multiple.
E.g: 60813, sum of the digits is 6+0+8+1 ¾18, is multiple of 9.
Divisibility by 5 & Its powers:
Rule for 5: If a number ends (La digit) with zero or five then number is divided by
5. (E.g: 15, 20, 1255...).
Rule for 25 (=52): In a number, if last two digits are multiple of 25 then that number is
divided by 25. (E.g: 17875, 2065400...)
Rule for 125 (=53). In a number, if last three digits are multiple of 125 then that number
is divided by 125. (E.g: 50625, 44250...)
Rule for 625 (=54): In a number, if last four digits are multiple of 625 then that number
is divided by 625. (E.g: 50625, 841250...)
Divisibility by 6:
If a number is divided by both 2 and 3, then number is divided by 6.
Divisibility by 7:
If the difference between the number of tens in the number and twice of the unit digit
by 7, then number is divided by 7.
is 0 or divisible
Take a number 987, double the unit digit is 7x2 =14 difference is 98-14=84, check if
84is divided by 7. So number 987 is divided by 7.
Divisibility by 10:
A number should end with 0 to be divided by 10.
Divisibility by 11:
If sum of the alternate digits is same or differ by multiples of 11.
Take 1430, 1+3=4 and sum of the other digits is also 4 (= 4 + 0) so number is divided
by 11.
Take 587543, sums are 5+7+4=8+5+3=16 equal here sO number is divided by 11.
Divisibility by 19:
If the addition of the number of tens in the number and twice of the unit digit is
divisible by 19, then number is divided by 19. Take 684, 68 + 2x4 =76 is divisible by
19. If we have big number we can continue above process step by step.
Note:
For other numbers, say 24
First express the given number in terms of product of co-primes only, i.e.= 8 x
3 (not like 6 x 4 or 12 x 2)
Then, 24 8 x 3, number should be divided by 8 as well as 3.
Few more examples:

36 = 4 x 9
• 72 = 8 x 9
88 = 8 x 11
Divisibility properties:
If a is divisible by b then ac is also divisible

If is divisible by b and b is divisible by ¢ then a is divisible by c.
If a and b are natural numbers such that a is divisible by b and b is divisible by a then
= b.
If n is divisible by d and m is divisible by d then (m + n) and (m n) are both divisible
by d.
This has an important implication. Suppose 28 and 740 are both divisible by 4.
Then (740 +28) as well as (740 - 28) are divisible by 4.
If a is divisible by b and c is divisible by d then
ac is divisible by bd.
The product of 3 consecutive natural numbers is divisible by 6.
The product of 3 consecutive natural numbers the first of which is even is divisible by
24.
A sum of 5 consecutive whole numbers will always be divisible by 5.
Division Sum equation

(Relation between Dividend, Divisor, Quotient & Remainder)
Suppose 33 divided by 5, 3 is the remainder. So we write as 33 = 5x6 + 3.
In a division sum, dividend (N) divisor (d)x quotient (q) + remainder (r).
Number = dxq + r.
Two-digit numbers Properties:
Whenever, if take the difference between a number and number obtained by reversing
the digits of original number is always 9 multiple.

Assume number is XY number obtained by reversing the digits is YX.

So (10X + Y) - (10Y + X) = 9 (X Y).
So difference always equals to 9 multiple.
i.e. if difference is divided by 9 then remainder will be zero & quotient will be (X - Y)
= difference between digits.
Whenever, if take the sum of a number and number obtained by reversing the digits
of original number is always 11 multiple.
Three-digit numbers Properties:
Let take a 3digit number, XYZ, value of it is 100X + 10Y + Z. Number obtained by
reversing the digits is ZYX, value is 100Z + 10Y + X.

Difference is, (100X + 10Y Z) (100Z + 10Y + X) = 99 (X - Z) => 99 multiple.
3 digit number and number obtained by reversing the digits of

a 3
Difference between a
actual number is, like 783 - 387 = 396 (= 99 x 4).
Useful Points:
Number of single-digit natural numbers:

1-9 = 9
Number of two-digit natural numbers. 10- 99≥ 90
Number of three-digit natural numbers; 100- 999 = 900

Review Test-02
1. Which of the following statements are/is correct about co-prime numbers:

Two consecutive odd numbers are always co-prime
ge Two prime numbers are always co-prime
(ifi) One prime number and another composite number are always co-prime
(iv) Two numbers that have a difference of 3, but are themselves not multiples of 3
(a) Only i & ii (b) Only ii & iv
(c) Only i, ii & iii (d) All the above
2. If'n' is a positive integer ( > 1), then n'3 - n is divisible by?

(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 5 (d) 7
3. If P is a prime such that (P2 + 3) is also a prime then P can have

(a) 2 values (b) 1 value
(c) more than 2 values (d) None of these
4. Find the values of P & Q, if it is known that the number 28563P45Q is divisible by 88.
(a) 6 &1 (b) 2 & 6
(c) 3 & 6 (d) None of the above
5. If a number 45678A9231 is divisible by 3, then how many values are possible for A.
(a) 1 (b) 2 (d) 4
6. The number Y4532X, where Y and X are single digit numbers, is divisible by 72, then Y - X is?
(a)1 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d)2
7. (10 - 1) is always divided by (n is ger):

(a) 3 (c) 6 (d) a & b
8. Difference between the two digit number and the number obtained by interchanging the digits is
divided by 9. Then quotient is:

(a) 0 (b)1
(c) difference between digits (d) None
9. When the difference between the number 981 and its reverse is divided by 99, the quotient will be
(a)1 (b) 10
(c)3 (d) None of the above
10. A long part of wood of same length when cut into equal pieces each of 242 cms, leaves a small piece
of length 98 cms. If this Part were cut into equal pieces each of 22 cms, the length of the leftover wood
would be
(a) 76 cm (b) 12 cm
(c) 11 cm (d) 10 cm

We will discuss following concepts
Squares & Cubes applications
Squares:
Squares The second power of a number is called the square of that number. In other words, the
square of a number is the product of the number with the number itself.
given number is product of pairs of equal factors &

A a perfect square, if it is expressed as
Powers of factors must be even.
Square of a natural number can only end in 00, 1, 4, 5, 6, and 9. No perfect square can end in 2, 3,
7,8 or a single zero
A natural number having 2, 3, 7 or 8 in the unit's place is never a perfect square (or squared
number). Example: 37, 43, 148, 322 are not perfect squares.
The number of zeroes at the end of: perfect square is never odd.
Example: 100, 400, 3600, 640000 are perfect squares and 1000, 4000, 6400000 are not perfect
Squares.
The square of an even number is always an even number. 22 = 4, 62 = 36, 102 - 100, 122 = 144.
& The square of an odd number is always an odd number. 32 = 9, 72 = 49, 132 = 169, 152 = 225.
The square of a natural number n is equal to the sum of the first n odd numbers.
Example: 12 = 1 = sum of the first dd number; 22 +3 sum of the first 2 odd
numbers; 32 = 1 +3 + 5 = sum of the first 3 odd numbers.
A perfect square (other than 1) is either multiple of 3 or exceeds : multiple of 3 by 1. Example:

49 = (7)2 =: * 16 + 1, 169 = (13)2 = 56 + 1.
Note: Square of every ratural number can be written in the form 3n or 3n + 1.
A perfect square (other than 1) is either multiple of or exceeds multiple of 4 by 1. Example:

81 (9)2 = 4 x 20 + & 441 = (21)2 = 4 x 110 + 1
Note: Square of every natural number can be written in the form 4n or 4n + 1.
Difference between squares of two consecutive numbers always equals to sum of the numbers
Example: 412. 402 = (41 40) (41 40).
Cubes
Cubes We know that 33 = 3 x 3 x3,53= 51 5 x 5, 73 = 7 x 7 x 7, a3 = a x a x a.
Here, a3 is called the third power of 'a'. The third power of'a is also called the cube of 'a'.
Cubes of all odd natural numbers are odd & Cubes of all even natural numbers are even.
The cube of a natural number which is multiple of 3 is multiple of 27.
The cube of a natural number which is of the form 3n + 1 (e.g., 4, 7, 10......) is also a number of the
form 3n + 1.
The cube of natural number which is of the form 3n + 2 (e.g., 5, 8, 11....) is also a number of the
form 3n + 2.

Important formulae:
(a ‡ b)2 =a2 + b2 + 2ab

n(1+1)
Sum of first n natural numbers =
Sum of squares
n(1+1)(2n+1)
of first n natural numbers
• Sum of cubes of first n natural numbers (u(n+b)
Review Test - 2 (B)
1. The least number which should be multiplied to 243 to get a perfect cube is
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 9 (d) 6
O 2. If p9 is perfect square as well as a perfect cube, where p and q are natural numbers then q must
multiple of
be
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 6 (d) None of these
3. Difference between squares of two consecutive numbers is 71, find the numbers?
(a) 35 & 34 (b) 36 & 37 (c) None (d) 36 & 35
4. The product of three consecutive even numbers when divided by 24 is 96; find the product of their square
roots?
(a) 32 (b) 36 (d) 48
5. X is a positive integer such that 4950 when multiplied by X would be the square of an integer. What is
the least possible value of X?

(a) 22 (b) 11 (c) 10 (d) 6
6. If we add the square of thedigit in the tens place of positive two-digit number to the product of the
digits of that number, we shall get 52, and if we add the square of the digit in the units place to
the
same product of the digits, we shall get 117. Find the two-digit number:
(a) 18 (b) 39 (c) 49 (d) 28
7. What is the difference between the sum of cubes and that of squares of first ten natural numbers?
(a) 5280 (b) 2640 (c) 3820 (d) 4130
8, IF N = (14921)2 + 14921 + 14922, then find the square root of N?

(a) 14921 (b) 14922 (c) 14925 (d) Cant be found
OConsider four digit numbers for which the first two digits
9. are equal and the last two digits are also equal.
How many such numbers are perfect squares?
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 0 (d)1
O 10. A general, trying to arrange his men numbering 276674 into perfect square formation, found that
were men less. How many men were there in the front row?
there
(a) 424 (b) 526 (c) 408 (d) None
bility Rutes

Key
Review Test-02
1. B
2. B
3. B
4. D
5. D
6. B
7. D
8. C
10.D
Review Test - 2 (B)
1. B
D
D
A
7. B
8. B
9. D
10. B

The SPOORTHY Indices & Surds
Indices Properties
Basic Surds
Rules of Indices:
Rule 1: a xa' =a
Rule 2: a"+a"=a""
Rule 3: (a") =a
Don't Confuse......
The two expressions (2') and 23 are different.
In the first expression, we use the above rule and it evaluates to (2°) = 2° = 64
In the second expression, the absence of brackets, implies that we will first have to
evaluate 3 Thus, 23 = 2° =512.
By this logic, 5" =5" - 581 whereas
Rule 4: (a x b)n = an x bn
Rule 5:
&
Rule 6: a0 =
How about 00?

Indifferent fields of mathematics, based on the context, Q° is defined differently. In
combinatronics and binomial, it could be taken as 1; in calculus it is taken as 0 or as
Undefined. Inquite a few cases it is also taken as Indeterminate i.e. it's value cannot
be found uniquely.
However we would never come across any case of 00 and thus let's forget about it.
Rule 7:
a"
Rule 8: a = a"

Handy Tip in Comparing a" and b°
If two distinct numbers, a greater than 3, then among a' and b', the
and b, are both
number having the higher exponent is larger.
Thus, 3' >4' and 17's 19!7
But remember that both a and b have to be greater than 3. Because if it is not sO, we have
the following classic cases of exception that are worthwhile to remember.... ..

3 >2,2' =4' and obviously n' >1' where n is any number more than 1.
Surds
Surds are expressions involving irrational numbers like
Rationalizing a surd
any expression
One of the common techniques to handle expressions like is the
atb
process of rationalizing the denominator i.e. converting the denominator into a rational
number.
Consider the expression To rationalize the denominator, we multiply

73-1
both the numerator and denominator with the conjugate pair of the denominator, V3+1 in
this case
43+1 _/341
073+1
Review Test - 03
1. Find the value of below
814 1251 646
(a) 0 (b)1 (c) 2 (d) None
2. 470.00000256 =
(a) 0.0002 (b) 0.002 (c) 0.02 (d) None
O (a) 2
3. What is the value of n in the equality: 3224
(b) ½
- 16n
(c) 5 (d) None
4. If 22 then find n
81-3'
(a) 0 (b)1 (c)2 (d) None
5. Find n.
(a) 7 (b) -9 (c) 3 (d) None

64
6. Find the value of yin,
343
(a) 6 (b) 8 (c) -8 (d) 9
7. (7+/19) & (/3+/29) which is largest?

(a) (17 +/19) (b) (V3 + /29)
(c) Cant be found (d) both are equal
O8. terms =?
(a) 9 (b) 7 (c) 97 (d) None
O 9. Find the value of,
(a) 6
12112112cJf.2........C.
(b) 12 (d) 4
O 10. Find the value of, 12/12/12-/12 =?

(a) 127/8 (b) 1215/16 (d) None
Key:
Review Test -03
D
D
D
o ot
8. B
9. B
10. B

The SPOORTHY 4. Cyclicity (Units digits) CSAT 2024
Finding the last (Unit's) digits

Cyclicity nature
Let's have a look on a basic problem:
1. Find the unit digit of 23 x 49 x 31

Sol: Here, we have to find the last digit (unit's digit) of the product,
SO consider only unit digits =3 x 9 x 1 = 27x1 = 7x1 = 7.
Note: 5 x any even number = ....0
any Odd number =
2. Find the unit digit of 489 x 509 x 315 x 2079 x 208

Sol: Zero is the answer.
Cyclicity (Units digits)
At times there are questions that require the students to find the units digit in
case of the numbers occurring in
powers If anyone asks you to find the unit digit of
you will easily calculate it also you can calculate for 35 but if any
33, one ask you the
unit digit of 17399, it will be hard to calculate easily.
Finding the last digit's in larger powers:
Let us look at the last digits owers of 3.
3'=3,32 59.33 7,31

it means the last digit is repeating after four steps.
To find out the last digit of 35, find the multiple of four near 13. Here, 12 is the multiple
of 4, if we divide 13 by 4 remainder will be 1 , so 32 will be ending with 1 (3 ends with
1), so 3" ends with 3.
3. Find the last digit of 37?

Sol: Recollect divisibility rule for 4, if last 2 digits of any number is divided by 4 then
that number is divided by 4, 72 is nearest multiple to 75, so after dividing 175 by 4
remainder is so last digit is 7(3' =7).
So, to find out last digits of any power of any number one should know the cyclic
nature of numbers. It means after how many steps last digits are repeating.
Cyclicity of digits 2, 3, 7 and 8:

• Each of these digits has a cycle of 4 and the respective cycles are...
As n assumes successive natural numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
unit digit of 2n will be 2, 4, 8, 6, 2, 4, 8, 6, 2, 4,
unit digit of 3n will be 3, 9, 7, 1, 3, 9, 7, 1, 3, 9,
unit digit of 7n will be 7, 9, 3, 1, 7, 9, 3, 1, 7, 9, ..
digit of
unit 8n will be 8, 4, 2, 6, 8, 4, 2, 6, 8, 4, ...
Cyclicity of digits 4 and 9:
The digit 4 and 9 have a cyclicity of 2i.e. two different values of the unit digit
get repeated, as the powers of 4 and 9 are increased successively.
Cycle of unit digit of 4n as n takes values 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, is: 4, 6, 4, 6, 4,
Cycle of unit digit of 9n as n takes values 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ...... is: 9, 1, 9, 1, 9,
Note: Thus in the case of 4n and 9n one just needs to check if n is odd or even and
accordingly the unit digit can be found
Cyclicity of digits 1, 5 and 6:
Any power of 1, 5 and 6 will end respectively with 1, 5 and 6 (irrespective of

the power).
Thus the digits 1, 5 and 6 are said to have a cyclicity of and finding the unit
digit of their power is not an issue.
Review Test-04
1. A two-digit number N has its digits reversed to form another two-digit number M.
What could be the unit digit of M, if product of Mand N is 574?
(a)1 (b) 3 (d) 9
2. Find the unit's digit of 13501 - 1 and 1'

(a) 4, 2 (b) 2, 4 (c) 3, 4 (d) None
3. The last digit of 63n x 525 x 199 is zero. Then find the following?
(i) Greater possible value of n?
(a) 2 (c) 5 (d) 8
(ii) How many values are possible for n?

(a) 2 (b)1 (c) 5 (d) 8
4. Find the unit digit of 11+ 22 + 33 + ... .+ 1010?
(a) 9 (b) 7 (c) 0 (d) None
5. Find unit's digit of 61 x 988 x 121 - 33 x 123 =?

(a) -1 (b)1 (c) 0 (d) None
6. P and N are positive integers. If PN has the same unit's digit as P. How many
possibilities exist for the unit's digit of P?
(a)1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
7. What is the digit in the unit's place of the number represented by 398. 389?
(a) 3 (b) 6 (c)7 (d) 9

8. The last digit of the expression 4 + 92 + 43 + 91 + 45 + 96 + ... + 499 + 9100 is?

(a) 4 (b) 0 (c) 9 (d)1
9. What is the largest two-digit value than n can take such that 88n and 22n have the same
unit's digit?
(a) 99 (b) 98 (c) 97 (d) None
10. Find the unit's digit of 8n + 2n if the unit digit of 4n is not 6.

(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) None
Key:
Review Test -04
1.
9. B
10. A

The SPOORTHY Number Systems CSAT 2024
Topics to be revised before solving the Questions (b) an even number

Chapter - 1: Basic Classification (c) an odd number
Chapter -2: Divisibility Rules, Remainders, (d) divisible by
Squares Cubes
Chapter - 3: Indices and Surds 8. How many prime numbers are there between
200 and 230? (UPSC CISF AC 2018)
PYQS (a) 1 (b) 2
Questions (Set -1): (c) 3 (d) 4
O
1. The difference of
odd numbers is
squares of two consecutive
always (UPSC CISF AC 2018) 9. A 3- digit number 4x3 is added to 984 to get a
(a) divisible by 8 4-digit number 13Y7. If 13Y7 is divisible by 11,

(b) divisible by 3 then what is the value of (X+Y)? (UPSC CAPF
(c) divisible by 16 2017)
(d) None of the above (a) 15 (b) 12
O
(c) 11 (d) 10
O
2. If the sum of a real number and its reciprocal is
equal to 5, then what is the sum of the squares 10. If the product of n positive numbers is unity,
of the number and its reciprocal? (UPSC CISF then their sum is (UPSC CAPF 2017)
AC 2021) (a) a positive integer
(a) 25 (b) 24 (b) divisible by n
(c) 23 (d) 22 (c) equal to (n + 1/n)
(d) never less than n
3. Sum of the series 22 + 42 + 62 • 202 is
(UPSC IES 2021)

(a) 1040
(c) 2540
(b) 1540 O Which one of the following is the greatest
number by which the product of three
(d) 3080 consecutive even numbers would be exactly
divisible? (UPSC CAPF AC 2019)
O
4. Suppose x is the smallest integer greater than
such that when it is divided by 6 or 8, the
(a) 12
(c) 48
(b) 24
(d) 64
remainder is 3. y is the smallest integer greater
than such that when it is divided by 6 or 8,
the remainder is 2. What is x (UPSC CISF
O
12. A is the smallest positive integer which when
divided by 9 and 12 leaves remainder 8. B is the
AC 2020) smallest positive integer which when divided
(a)1 (b) 2 by 9 and 12 leaves remainder 5. Which one of
(c) 3 (d) 4 the following is the value of A B? (UPSC
CAPF AC 2019)
5. When the digits of two-digit numbers are (a) 3 (b) 2
reversed, the number increased by 27, the sum (c)1 (d) 0
of such two-digit numbers is (UPSC CAPF
2019) 13. A two-digit number is such that the product of
(a) 235 (b) 249 the digits is 8. If 63 is added to this number, the
(c) 213 (d) 180 digits interchange their places. What is the sum
of the digits in the number? (UPSC CDS 2021)
6. The sum of squares of successive integers to
(a) 6 (b) 7
16, both inclusive, will be (UPSC IES 2018)
(c) 8 (d) 9
(a) 1126 (b) 1174
(c) 1292 (d) 1356 14. If the number 23P62971335 is divisible by the
smallest odd composite number, then what is

7. Suppose P and Q are distinct two-digit the value of P? (UPSC CDS 2020)
numbers consisting of the same digits. Then P-
(a) 4 (b) 5
Q is (UPSC CISF AC 2018)
(c) 6 (d)7
(a) a prime number
CSAT 2024
The SPOORTHY Number Systems
(c) 5 (d) 4
15. The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is
13 and the difference between the number and
22. The eight-digit number 789459xy is divisible
that formed by reversing the digits is 27. What the
by 88, where x and y are digits. What are
is the product of the digits of the number?
possible values of x and y? (UPSC EPFO 2023)
(UPSC CDS 2020) (a)x =1,y =2 (b)x=2,y =2
(a) 35 (b) 40 (c)x=3,y=6 (d)x =4,y =4
(c) 45 (d) 54
23. Consider the following number?
O
16. The number 2x3x5x7x11+1 is
2020)
(UPSC CDS 1. 437
3. 1073
2. 797
(a) a prime number How many of the above numbers are prime?
(b) not a prime, but power of a prime (UPSC CDS 2023)
(c) not a power of a prime, but a composite (a) Only one (b) Only two
even after (c) All three (d) None
(d) not a power of a prime, but: composite odd
number 24. Consider the following statements:
(1) If n is a natural number, then the number
17. If m is the number of prime numbers between (n(n2 .2)/3 is also a natural number.
number
0 and 50 and n is the number of prime numbers (2) 1i m is an odd integer, then the
between 50 and 100, then what is (m n) equal (m+ 4m?+ 11)/16 is an integer.
Which of the statements given above is/are
to? (UPSC CDS 2020)
correct? (UPSC CDS 2023)
(a) 4 (b) 5
(a) only (b) 2 only
(c) 6 (d) 7 (d) Neither nor 2
(c) Both 1 and 2
18. When N is divided by 17, the quotient is equal
25. It is given that 5 does not divide n - 1, n and n
to 182. The difference between the quotien +1, where n is a positive integer. Which one of
and the remainder is 175. What is the value the following is correct? (UPSC CDS 2023)
N? (UPSC CDS 2019) (a) 5 divides (n2 + 1)
(a) 2975
(c) 3101
(b) 3094,
(dy3268
& (b) 5 divides (n2 - 1)
(c) divides (n2 4 n)
(d) 5 divides (n2 - n)
19. The inequality 3N

O
> N3 holds when (UPSC 26. Consider a 6-digit number of the form
CDS 2019) XYXYXY. The number is divisible by: (UPSC
(a) N is any natural number CDS 2023)
(b) N is natural number greater than 2
(a) 3 and 7 only (b) 7 and 13 only
(c) N is a natural number greater than 3
(c) 3, 13 and 37 only (d) 3, 7, 13 and 37
(d) N is a natural number except 3
20. Three numbers which are co-prime to

other, are such that the product of the first two
each O27. If x = V4v4v4V4..., then what is the
(UPSC CDS 2023)
value of x?
is 286 and that of the last two is 770. What iS (a) 2 (b) 4
the sum of the three numbers? (UPSC CDS (c) 8 (d) 16
2018)
(a) 85 (b) 80 (c) 75 (d) 70 28. Let m and n be natural number. What is the
minimum value of (m + n) such that 33m + 22n

21. What would be the maximum value of Q in the is divisible by 121? (UPSC CDS 2023)
equation 5P9 + 3R7 +2Q8 = 1114? (UPSC CDS
(a) 3 (b) 4
2016)
(c) 5 (d) 10
(a) 9 (b) 8
O
29. Consider the following statements:
(1)n3- n is divisible by 6.
35. What is the smallest number, which when
multiplied by gives the product having the
(2) ns - n is divisible by 5. digit only in all places? (UPSC CISF 2023)
(3) n3 - 5n1+ 4n is divisible by 120. (a) 95283955 (b) 61728395
Which of the statements given above are (c) 12345675 (d) 59382716
correct? (UPSC CDS 2023)
(a) 1 and only (b) 2 and 3 only 36. A 2-digit number is such that the sum of the
(c)1 and 3only (d) 1, 2 and 3 number and the number obtained by reversing
the order of the digits of the number is 55.
30. When the square of the sum of two numbers Further, the difference of the given number
are added to the square of their difference, we
and the number obtained by reversing the
get 416. The difference between the square of order of the digitsof the number is 45. What is
the sum and square of the difference is 384.
the product of the digits? ((UPSC CDS 2023))
What are the numbers? (UPSC CISF 2022) (b) 2
(a) 5
(a) 18 and 24 (b) 12 and 16 (c)1 (d) 0
(c) 8 and 12 (d) 10 and 12
37. What is the least value of n if 194480 + n1
31. If the sum of five consecutive even numbers is

where mand n are natural numbers? (UPSC
equal to the product of first five natural
CDS 2022)
numbers, then which one of the following is (b) 2
the largest of those even numbers? (UPSC (c) 3 (d) 4
CISF 2022)
(a) 30
(c) 26
(b) 24
(d) 28
O
38. Let p
even
22r+2 + 111 and q = 2in
natural number). What should
m (Where
be the
is
least value of m such that p as well as q is

32. Which the following is the difference of
one of
divisible by 5? (UPSC CDS 2022)
the sum of cubes of first ten natural numbers
(a) -1 (b)1
and the sum of squares of first ten natural (d) 6
(c) 4
numbers? (UPSC CAPF 2022)
(a) 2400
(c) 2880 (dy 2000 39. What is
1+/2 /2+V3
O
33. If x and y are two-digit prime numbers such
that y is obtained from x by interchanging its /2020 + /2021
x-y = 36, then what is the value of (UPSC CDS 2022)
digits and
xy? (UPSC CAPF 2023) (a) /2020+1 (b) /2021 +1

(a) 1611 (b) 2701 (c) /2020 + /2021 - 1 (d) /2021 -1
(c) 4031 (d) 5603
34. How many three-digit numbers are possible 40. What is the smallest natural number from the
such that the difference between the original following which must be subtracted from 9410
number and the number obtained by reversing to make the remaining number a perfect
the digits is 396? (no digit is repeated) (UPSC square? (UPSC CDS 2022)
CAPF 2023) (a) 4 (b) 3
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 2 (d)1
(c) 50 (d) 40

41 If squaring a positive real number x is same as UPSC CSAT PYQS (Set -2):
O
adding 12, then what is x equal to? (UPSC CDS
A gardener has 1000 plants. He wants to plant
2022)
them in such a way that the number of rows
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
and the number of columns remains the same.
What is the minimum number of plants that he
needs more for this purpose? (UPSC CSAT
(1) The sum of the cubes of three consecutive
2013)
natural numbers is divisible by 9. (a) 14 (b) 24
(2) Every even power of every odd number (>
(c) 32 (d) 34
1) when divided by gives as remainder.
Which of the above statements is/are correct? 2. If R and S are different integers both divisible
(UPSC CDS 2022)
by 5, then which of the following is not
(a)1 only (b) 2 only
necessarily true?
(c) Both and (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(a) R - S is divisible by (UPSC CSAT 2016)
(b)R + is divisible by 10
43. If three times the greater of two numbers is
(c)R * Sis divisible by 25
divided by the smaller number, the quotient (d) R2 S2 is divisible by 5
will be 6 and the remainder will be 6. If five
times the smaller number is divided by the 3. There are certain 2-digit numbers. The
greater number, the quotient will be 2 and the différence between the number and the one
remainder will be 3. What is the difference obtained on reversing it is always 27. How
many such maximum 2-digit numbers are
between the numbers? (UPSC CDS 2022)
there? (UPSC CSAT 2017)
(a) 8 (b) 9 (a) 3 (b) 4
(c) 10 (d) 12
(c) 5 (d) None of the above
O
44. There are two natural numbers
X > y. When x is divided

x and y, where
by 6, it leaves the
4. A 2-digit number is reversed. The larger of the
two numbers is divided by the smaller one.
remainder 2 and; when y is divided by 6) it What is the largest possible remainder (UPSC
leaves the remainder 3. What is the remainder CSAT 2017)
(a) 9 (b) 27
when (x - y) is divided by 6? (UPSC CDS 2022)
(c) 36 (d) 45
(a)1 (b)
O
(c) 5
5. The age of Mr. X last year was the square of a
(d) Remainder cannot be determined
number and it would be the cube of a number
next year. What is the least number of years he

45. The value of a 2-digit number is 5 times the
must wait for his age to become the cube of a
sum of the digits. What is the product of the
number again? (UPSC CSAT 2017)
digits? (UPSC CDS 2022) (a) 42 (b) 38
(a) 15 (b) 18 (c) 25 (d) 16
(c) 20 (d) 27
O
6. Certain 3-digit numbers have the following
characteristics: (UPSC CSAT 2017)
1. All the three digits are different.
2. The number is divisible by 7.

3. The number on reversing the digits is also
divisible by 7.
How many such 3-digit numbers are there?
(a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 6 (d) 3

7. X and Y are natural numbers other than 1, and (c) 3 (d) 2
greater than X. Which of the following

O
Y is
13. Let XYZ be a three-digit number, where
represents the largest number? (UPSC CSAT
(X+Y+Z) is not a multiple of 3. Then
2018)
(XYZ+YZX+ZXY) is not divisible by? (UPSC
(a) XY (b) X/Y
(c) Y/X (d) (X+Y)/XY CSAT 2020)
(a) 3 (b) 9
8. If x - y = 8, then which of the following must (c) 37 (d) (X+Y+Z)
be true?
14. Let p, 9, and s be natural numbers such that
1) Both x and y must be positive for any value
of x and y. p-2016 = q+2017 = r-2018 = s+2019 Which one
2) If x is positive, y must be negative for any of the following is the largest natural number?
value of x and y. (UPSC CSAT 2020)
3) If x is negative, y must be positive for any (a) p (b) q
value of x and y. (c)r (d) s
Select the correct answer using the codes given
below. (UPSC CSAT 2018) 15. One page is torn from a booklet whose pages
(a) only 1 (b) only 2 are numbered in the usual manner starting
(c) Both 1 and 2
from the first page as 1. The sum of the
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 nor 3
numbers on the remaining pages is 195. The
9. A number consists of three digits of which the torn page contains which of the following
middle on is zero and their sum is 4. If the numbers? (UPSC CSAT 2020)
number formed by interchanging the first and (a) 5, 6 (b) 7, 8

(c) 9, 10 (d) 11, 12
last digits is greater than the number itself by
198, then the difference between the first and
16. Let A3BC and DE2F be four-digit numbers
last digits is? (UPSC CSAT 2018) where each letter represents a different digit
(a) (b) 2
greater then 3. If the sum of the numbers is
(c) 3
15902, then what is the difference between the
10. An 8-digit number 4252746B leaves)remainder values of A and D? (UPSC CSAT 2020)
0 when divided by 3. How many values of B (a)1 (b) 2

(c) 3 (d) 4
are possible? (UPSC CSAT 2019)
(a) 2 (b) 3
17. How many integers are there between 1 and
(c) 4 (d) 6
100 which have 4 as a digit but are not divisible
11. Number 136 is added to 5B7 and the sum by 4 as digit but are not divisible by 4? (UPSC
obtained is 7A3, where A and B are integers. It CSAT 2020)
(a) 5 (b) 11
is given that 7A3 is exactly divisible by 3. The
(c) 12 (d) 13
only possible value of B is?(UPSC CSAT 2019)
(a) 2 (b) 5 18. A digit n>3 is divisible by but not divisible by
(c) 7 (d) 8
6. Which one of the following is divisible by 4?
(UPSC CSAT 2020)
12. The ratio of atwo-digit natural number to a
(a) 2n (b) 3n
number formed by reversing its digits is 4 : 7.
(c) 2n + 4 (d) 3n + 1
The number of such pairs is? (UPSC CSAT
2019) 19. Consider 3-digit numbers (without
all
(a) 5 (b) 4
repetition of digits) obtained using three non-
CSAT 2024
The SPOORTHY Number Systems
Let S be (a) 15713 (b) 15723

zero digits which are multiples of 3.
their sum (d) 15873
(c) 15783
Which of the following is/are correct?
1. S is always divisible by 74
S is always divisible by 9
Select the correct answer using the code given
below. (UPSC CSAT 2021) The sum of 5 consecutive integers can be
1)
(a) 1 only
100.
(b) only
(c) Both 1 and 2 2) The product of three consecutive natural
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 numbers can be equal to their sum.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
20. Integers are listed from 700 to 1000. In how
many integers is the sum of the digits 10 ? (UPSC CSAT 2021)
(UPSC CSAT 2021)
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(a) 6 (b) 7
(c) 8 (d) 9 (c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
21. The number 3798125P369 is divisible by 7.
What is the value of the digit P? (UPSC CSAT
2021) 25. Consider the following multiplication
(a)1 (b) 6
problem:
(c) 7 (d) 9
(PQ) x 3 = RQQ where P, Q and R are different

22. The difference between 2-digit number and
digits and R # 0.
the number obtained by interchanging
What is the value of (P + R) +Q? (UPSC CSAT
number obtained by interchanging the
2021)
positions of the digits is 54. Consider the
(a)
following statements:
(b)
(c)
1. The sum of the two digits of the number
(d) Cannot be determined due to
can be determined only if the product of insufficient data
the two digits is known.

26. An Identity Card has the number ABCDEFG,
2. The difference between the two digits of
not necessarily in that order, where each letter
the number can be determined.
represents a distinct digit (1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 only).
Which of the above statements is/are correct? The number is divisible by 9. After deleting the
(UPSC CSAT 2021) first digit from the right, the resulting number
(a) 1 only(b) 2 only
is divisible by 6. After deleting two digits from
the right of original number, the resulting
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
number is divisible by 5. After deleting three
digits from the right of original number, the
23. When a certain number is multiplied by 7, the resulting number is divisible by 4. After
product entirely comprises ones only (1111...). deleting four digits from the right of original
What is the smallest such number? (UPSC number, the resulting number is divisible by 3.
CSAT 2021) After deleting five digits from the right of
original number, the resulting number. is

divisible by 2. Which of the following is a (c) Both 1 and

possible value for the sum of the middle three (d) Neither 1 nor 2
digits of the number? (UPSC CSAT 2022)
32. If p, q, r and s are distinct single digit positive
(a) 8 (b) 9 (c) 11 (d) 12
numbers, then what is the greatest value of (p
27. Which number amongst 240, 321, 418 and 812 is q)(r s)? (UPSC CSAT 2023)
the smallest? (UPSC CSAT 2022) (a) 230 (b) 225
(a) 240 (b) 321 (c) 224 (d) 221
(c) 418 (d) 812
33. A number N is formed by writing 9 for 99
28. Let p be a two-digit number and be the times. What is the remainder if N is divided by
number consisting of same digits written in 13? (UPSC CSAT 2023)
reverse order. If pxq=2430, then what is the (a) 11 (b) 9

(c) 7 (d)1
difference between p and q? (UPSC CSAT
2022)
34. Each digit of a 9-digit number is 1. It is
(a) 45 (b) 27 of the
multiplied by itself. What is the sum
(c) 18 (d) 9
digits of the resulting number? (UPSC CSAT
29. Consider the following statements in respect of 2023)
two natural numbers q such that p is a

and q (a) 64 (b) 80
81 (d) 100
prime number and q is a composite number:
What is the sum of all digits which appear in
1) pxq can be an odd number. all the integers from 10 to 100? (UPSC CSAT
2) q/p can be a prime number. 2023)
3) ptq can be a prime number. (a) 855 (b) 856
Which of the above statements are correct? (c) 910 (d) 911
(UPSC CSAT 2022)
(a) 1 and 2 only. (b) 2 and 3 only) 36. If ABC and DEF are both 3-digit numbers such
(c)1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and that A, B, C, D, E and F are distinct non-zero
digits such that ABC + DEF = 1111, then what
30. The sum of three consecutive integers is equal is the value of A+ B+ C+ D +E + F? (UPSC
to their product. How many such possibilities
CSAT 2023)
are there? (UPSC CSAT 2022)
(a) 28 (b) 29
(a) Only one (b) Only two (c) 30 (d) 31
(c) Only three
(d) No such possibility is there
O
37. D is a 3-digit number such that the
number to the sum of its digits is least.
ratio of the
What is
31. Let A, B and C represent distinct non zero
the sum of all possible 3- the difference between the digit at the
digits. Suppose x is
hundred's place and the digit at the unit's
digit numbers formed by A, B and C without
place of D? (UPSC CSAT 2023)
repetition.
(a) 0 (b) 7
Consider the following statements: (c) 8 (d) 9
1. The 4-digit least value of x is 1332.
2. The 3-digit greatest value of x is 888. 38. Three of the five positive integers p, q, r, s, t are
Which of the above statements is/are correct? even and two of them are odd (not necessarily
(UPSC CSAT 2022) in order). Consider the following;
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
1. p + q+ r - s - t is definitely even.

2.2p + q + 2r - 2s + t is definitely odd. (c) 8878 (d) 9238

Which the above statements is/are
of
correct? (UPSC CSAT 2023)

(a) 1 only (b) only
39. Consider the following in respect of prime
number p and composite number c.
1. ptc /p-c can be even.

2 2p + c can be odd.
can be odd.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(UPSC CSAT 2023)
(a) and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
40. A 3-digit number ABC, on multiplication with

D gives 37DD where A, B, C and D are
different non-zero digits. What is the value of
A + B + C? (UPSC CSAT 2023)

(a) 18 (b) 16
(c) 15
(d) Cannot be determined due to insufficient
data
41. For any choices of values of X, Y and
digit number of the form XYZXYZ is

by: (UPSC CSAT 2023)
(a) 7 and 11 only (b)11 and 13 only
(c) and 13 only (d) 7,11 and 13
O
42. Let PP, qq and rr be
g < r. If pp + qq rr
2-digit numbers where p <
tt0, where tt0 is 3-digit
number ending with zero, consider the

following statements:
1. The number of possible values of p is 5.

2. The number of possible values of is 6.
Which of the above statements is/are
correct? (UPSC CSAT 2023)
(a)1 only (b) 2 only
O
43. What is the sum of all 4-digit numbers less than
2000 formed by the digits 1, 2, 3 and 4, where
none of the digits is repeated? (UPSC CSAT
2023)
(a) 7998 (b) 8028

Ie l I I Number Systems ( A U
Key
ey
43. B
Me (e ▇ ▇
44. C
Set -1 45,
CSAT PYQS (Set -2)

2. B
5.
11. C
12. A
13. D
13.
14. A
15. B
16. A
17. B
18. C
19. D
20. D
21. A 21.
22. D 22.
23. A
The
24.
24. C
25. B
25. A
26. D
27.
27, B 28.
28. B 29.
29. D 30.
30. C 31.
31. D 32.
33.
32. B
34.
33. B
35,
34. C
36,
35,. B 37,
36, D 38.
37, A 39.
38, B 40,
39, D 41.
40, D 42. C
41, C
42, C
Download "The SPOORTH " app & https:L/wwwthespoorthycsatcom

CSAT Classes & Test Series Contact (Delhi Branch); Mob: 99771385066 &(Hyderabad branch): 9032036086
The SPOORTHY Number Systems A l ZU24
1 3 chapters PYQS Solutions:
Mole hena 1 O Q r
Up Py8
0
를 8 ; 5=16
박- = ala 0b 3
13y3 y
X+늦 5 (+ ) = 0 1-y *
(+3) -
국능우a: 26 Y= 9 Y- +X =) =
동 Y자 a 25-qs 3 Q
) = 1 = 10
(+급+: -- - l = Prdt=
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= w(wt)(택1)a
6 M +Yx bn
* 1 ,
, Raltxs
= 0 fhy Sas gpn 지곳
Prd 났
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=|
a =) dy2 *
Xn = k(mof 68 +고24 -A6- = Q
4
21 *4 6 = .
o hha a he
w le ( )
doyf we(
-9(서
) )
아 6 g ) eo G
(x-y)= -) X~ = ((P) -5 = 0 refe 4

E oy 쓰: 14 h= M2구 1 (X-y) = 63 X-=구
(9)- 씨o 합넘
0
4 as, 36, 사7, 50,69
버 = 4 (B
7
(6 (+A)-( .
a Hh se으)(0 J
Yl
y' 1W bgls
W b 1M l
Download "The SPOORTHY" app https:L/www.thespoorthyesatcom
CSAT Classes & Test Series Contact (Delhi Branch); Mob: 9971385066 & (Hyderabad branch);: 9032036086
Pta9= ) 4이▇ & 재

nl ta z
( )=23 X= ▇
) =
)
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tx= 40 0
37 = /9 a3
w W ( 9구 rne 0,
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(o13
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Aly bve io s px0
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ab bc 카) e ( ) = S0n
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#f 3 P (
O(종) = S6a
) = 8 mlge
1
구0 (
13+35 2 0( 스) = 지
fre MariwS a P= R=0 a Nwo ray.
&h mo /이l이0
W im M-는
fo4 chl fer aplins n
307n
aa ~) ta=Il M~e
Prndninl melked
미14
B= 1
digt no abes he4-inb4e
hiuly xY Y 의 foc00epet
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CSAT Classes & Test Series Contact (Delhi Branch): Mob 9971385066 &(Hyderabad branch): 9032036086
The SPOOK IH1 Number Systems C A I ZU24
=) 어어o 19( - )=34 X1 = b

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=) 이이 i0x +Y) 95
8
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0 3d제z
x 4( ) =) X = 4
Zyx A
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8 y (의
=) 3M 2 = M=3M의 )
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2 )
2)
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to w Op lnd
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=:
= |그 0 ( O
(* )+(-) 지 )
x주y= Ao8
= 4
w ) Roefo hy Ma
(X+y)-(x-y)- 지y = 96
(. = |(or)
이IAc 194 , b 194 8
A( (ex 9 다
( (- ) +( -) (9)+(사 ▇ W
= n" .Q
.Sx =20 -)츠s 사 w 4 (oy)
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()- w쓰) (e) 6
to =
= 2 -)P- 6 t W
으) 19스 = s6- W
W |
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CSAT Classes & Test Series Contact (Delhi Branch):; Mob: 9971385066 & (Hyderabad branch): 903203608
The SPO0ORTHY
Number Systems CSAT 2024
い1フ⼭ (ん-) -
1+ (い-1) メ- 8, Yョa
(ふ-) +(8-4)+ (A-4) ラ (1-8)l-)Rっルッ/
- +(市-広ao) O
2oa- (は
伊s)）1oメ⼗〉- s(メヤY）
1平10 - 1406
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t
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1910 レ -990Kメラ) Sメ＝ 4)=）1=上
ニ1o1
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19 10 =）4・5= 2-0G
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メョ12＋メ-）メ= t O
4o1a+'。 36 (1
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0 3ョ・ 1 / R＝）
R=|
se as|g
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Sy = メ・ a
ろメー6y =6 _1と
う) -2メャSy 3
メ3
a) 6 メ - |2y =/2
-ザが :すy=1
メ=|I6
ラ1-タ＝10
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CSAT Classes & Test Series Contact (Delhi Branch: Mob: 9971385066& (Hyderabad branch):9032036086
CSAT 2024
The SP0OrTHY Number Systems
Wa Cor ha W」19i)11」 86) W8a

N)
(,w ニN い= 6
a）104y lieahlou hin』h*
チ
NxN ョ N
(0n Ioj
*ー0 I0
Jeay i PeyS 0 an
0As iprtなh"
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tuid
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a0
9(ッ) - 27）メ s363
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L4
リ） 96 2) 8らりみいrk =⼗ーー;|2
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K= 36 O
） 1s|s9 ソ
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19l99
a
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0 メ= 26J。l Q6-A し
Se
Q sa9っ4l
@
Md C te みi6
ヨ）b- 16- 38 y 0 *hsうャ.3
10tA-/(1 mQe
ユt-43 -
1010=|
0 Te bojdvlo 136 (0+0=1&
業無
Sg1
-）⼩+8 )4 dle,16u
(や）
@ 6
(rlAAoす（の2
P仙- 91メーL)ム* 1 トe wk ahw s1
11 3
ラ) 14(XーZ) ⼀）チ mdpl, 1t） 1作 1
A- Peehd
今) メーてョ -(s) -6y
(川
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CSAT Classes & Test Series Contact (Delhi Branch: Mob: 9971385066 & (Hydenabad branch9032036086
CSAT 2024
The SPOOKIH1 Number Systems
)D ty = 속리 Rat
10t
B = 9 Ro (4 .
= otp지
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-) 6S-
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4
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36
3996z
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P 639
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= 3996 0b 여v
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a이0 11 1
hy)
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s 0P
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D aF Q (- ) -
90 2 X-y - 6
C f .a =) 8t4 ( )7+「 0 hhs Gvrd Ar Arned
와 (- , F- y 0 - 10 M-y A h d3)
( +2)+/
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CSAT 2024
The SP0ORTH1 Number Systems
0 (자) (- * 제Y
4s. 6) ( 6
v
dy 현
g() (
o wt or fdd 사) 이 0.( bok ont el l
Ge wK Cge 6o elndt
OE
w a wi
hnt 5 Caulb woI Rx 30
MV o e T E
6e c (Ew: Ixa3 o d Af *5 dhasseta

alt차)
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pue v,▇
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So = 5z
S4 x하S = a430 1
X = Pis pr」 * Aeyehe

~) pt=R ▇ 3x 9 = 29 )odd 0
= a5 ) P
s =. 3
=) 요 드 O 2)
) 3 9 ) nez
a (e
천tr da Ow dp 1i
F muF Q n ( ▇x ▇Ay오 = 6
ft lelk 2 ie
*6,
= 5
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) - 0 x = 0 =-
-6 * --2-3
0
b
ly 3dg, daa
공
(C5
tter Lo t but(o lae b
fm)4 0 /나 13로 R외+
가
3 t 나의▇
o , ( D = IatS 2)
이l . 31
C D+ 7+at - 14 ve (wt b
(W) 91R4 =16

o H차S- O
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CSAT Chasses & Test Serles Contact (Delhi Branch) Moby 997185066 (Ilydenabad branch) 9020N6
The SPOORTHY
(R ) (거+ 1o 91
T, ws prol It no ) wwe oeh wodd i

Hie Cowt a
bon
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Xz 도>6x ste plaLe 19 ?) 1o Ru
1 , !2
나 sy a plat 9 9
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(0y)
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= 19 *(1 + +
1)
= /9 x 도 =855
=
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= Iz
91 /1s
1991 s
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856
1 9 3
2 To
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=) B+ 취=4
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10
9 u) + Dt=
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a wra 슈tD *
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/ V
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u A g Nr 0 -
믿
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fRt
의sz 36
= 91 디) 10. *
1
1
8 구 +
뷰-
10 "
" 도 6= 히
-)
The SPO0RIHY
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ト w0
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33
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⼟学テ+ 11
=11
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ヘ｜ 3り2
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堂
タ1っ1i0
sIL1 dud h oe
Ophの ()
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CSAT Classes & Test Series Contact (Delhi Branch: Mob: 9971385066 & (Hyderabad branch:9032036086

(8,9,10) Number System

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The SPOORTHY Basic Classification - Numbers Tree CSAT 2024

Chapter -1: Basic Classification

The Numbers line:

Rational Numbers Irrational Numbers

Numbers which are used counting,

/ Natural numbers and zero called as whole numbers

Combination of positives and negatives is set of Integers

(a) Non-terminating periodic fractions: 16/3 = 5.333........

less than another, and do arithmetic with them.

Even and Odd Numbers:

Even ‡ Even Even

Eveneven = Even & Oddodd = Odd

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O1. If a, b & c are positive integers,

3. Which of the following statements are/is correct?

(a) Only i (b) Only ii

4. Consider the following statements.

(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 (c) (d) None of the above

5. Let S= p?+ q2 + r2,

Which of the following numbers cannot be a digit in the hundreds place?

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In Chapter -02, we will discuss following concepts

Prime & Composite numbers

The only even number which is prime number is 2.

Note: Twin primes concept is different from Co-primes.

To know whether if a number is divided by another number or not.

Divisibility rules will help us to factorise numbers more easily.

Divisibility by 2 & its Powers:

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by 8 then number is divided by 8.

Divisibility by 5 & Its powers:

For other numbers, say 24

Few more examples:

If a is divisible by b then ac is also divisible

A sum of 5 consecutive whole numbers will always be divisible by 5.

Division Sum equation

Suppose 33 divided by 5, 3 is the remainder. So we write as 33 = 5x6 + 3.

Two-digit numbers Properties:

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Assume number is XY number obtained by reversing the digits is YX.

Three-digit numbers Properties:

reversing the digits is ZYX, value is 100Z + 10Y + X.

3 digit number and number obtained by reversing the digits of

Number of single-digit natural numbers:

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1. Which of the following statements are/is correct about co-prime numbers:

2. If'n' is a positive integer ( > 1), then n'3 - n is divisible by?

3. If P is a prime such that (P2 + 3) is also a prime then P can have

7. (10 - 1) is always divided by (n is ger):

divided by 9. Then quotient is:

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We will discuss following concepts

Squares & Cubes applications

given number is product of pairs of equal factors &

numbers; 32 = 1 +3 + 5 = sum of the first 3 odd numbers.

A perfect square (other than 1) is either multiple of 3 or exceeds : multiple of 3 by 1. Example:

Note: Square of every ratural number can be written in the form 3n or 3n + 1.

A perfect square (other than 1) is either multiple of or exceeds multiple of 4 by 1. Example:

Example: 412. 402 = (41 40) (41 40).

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(a ‡ b)2 =a2 + b2 + 2ab

• Sum of cubes of first n natural numbers (u(n+b)