(Established under the Presidency University Act, 2013 of the Karnataka Act 41 of 2013)

ACA-2[2019] COURSE HAND OUT

SCHOOL: Engineering DEPT.: Civil Engineering DATE OF ISSUE: 07 -08- 2019

NAME OF THE PROGRAM: B.Tech in Civil Engineering

P.R.C. APPROVAL REF.:
SEMESTER/YEAR:
COURSE TITLE & CODE:
COURSE CREDIT STRUCTURE:
CONTACT HOURS:
COURSE INSTRUCTOR:
PU/AC-11/5/06_2019
3rd / II year [2018 – 2022 batch]
FLUID MECHANICS – CIV 208
3–1–0–4
61 HRS
Mr. Santhosh M B & Mrs. Bhavya

PROGRAM OUTCOMES:

PO-1: Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering

fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering problems.

PO-2: Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex
engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics,
natural sciences, and engineering sciences.

PO-3: Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and
design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate
consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations.

PO-4: Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and research
methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of the
information to provide valid conclusions.

PO-5: Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern
engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex engineering activities with an
understanding of the limitations

PO-6: The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess
societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to the
professional engineering practice.
 PO-7: Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering
solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of and need for
sustainable development.

PO-8: Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and
norms of the engineering practice.

PO-9: Individual and teamwork: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader
in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.

PO-10: Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the

engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and write
effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive
clear instructions.

PO-11: Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
engineering and management principles and apply these to one's own work, as a member and
leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.

PO-12: Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in
independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.

COURSE PREREQUISITES: The student requires the basic knowledge of Elements of Civil Engineering –
resolution of forces, equations of equilibrium, resultant forces, Strength of Materials – stress- strain
relationships, Centroid and Moment of Inertia to understand the content of the course on Fluid
mechanics.

COURSE DESCRIPTION: The main objective of this course is to understand the properties of fluid at rest
and in motion. The students having basic knowledge of mechanics and strength of materials can easily
understand this course.

The course is designed to present the fundamental properties of fluids, density, specific weight, specific
volume, viscosity, Vapor pressure, cavitation, surface tension, capillary effect, fluid pressure, and its
measurements, variation of pressure, Pascal’s law, hydrostatic forces on plane surface and curved surface,
buoyancy and stability, fluids in rigid - body motion, Lagrangian and Eulerian descriptions, flow patterns
and flow visualization, the Reynolds transport theorem, Bernoulli and energy equations, Momentum
analysis of flow systems , Newton’s laws , forces acting on a control volume, The linear and angular
momentum equations, Dimensional analysis and modeling, Types of flows and major and minor losses,
Differential analysis of fluid flow, Conservation of Mass – Continuity Equation, Cauchy’s equation and
Navier –stokes equation.

COURSE OUTCOMES: On successful completion of the course the students shall be able to:

1) Describe the properties of fluid and measurement of fluid pressure.

2) Compute forces on immersed plane and curved plates.
3) Apply continuity equation and energy equation in solving problems on flow through conduits.
 4) Compute the Minor and major losses through pipes.

MAPPING OF C.O. WITH P.O.: [H-HIGH, M- MODERATE, L-LOW]

CO PO-1 PO-2 PO-3 PO-4 PO-5 PO-6 PO-7 PO-8 PO-9 PO-10 PO-11 PO-12
No.
CO1 H M - - - - - - L L - -
CO2 H H - - - - - - L L - -
CO3 H H L L - - - - L L - -
CO4 H H L L - - - - L L - -

COURSE CONTENT (SYLLABUS):

Module: 1: Properties of Fluids and measurement of fluid pressure [ 9 Hrs - L [7] + T [2]] [Knowledge]

Introduction to fluids and its properties – Effect of shear stress on fluids, pressure at a point in the static
mass of fluid, variation of pressure, Pascal’s law, Absolute, gauge, atmospheric and vacuum pressures,
pressure measurement by simple, differential manometers and mechanical gauges.

Module: 2: Hydrostatic Forces on Surfaces and Buoyancy [12 Hrs- L [9] + T [3]] [Application]

Introduction to Fluid Statics - Total pressure and center of pressure for horizontal plane, vertical plane
surface and inclined plane surface submerged in static fluid. Archimedes’ Principle, Buoyancy, center of
buoyancy, meta center and meta centric heights its application in shipping, stability of floating bodies,
Metacentric height for floating bodies

Module: 3: Fundamentals of Fluid Flow, Equations of motions and [19 Hrs - L [16] + T [4]] [Application]
Energy Equation

Introduction to Velocity of fluid particles and types of fluid flow – Basic principles of fluid flow – Continuity
equation – Acceleration of fluid particles – Velocity potential and stream function - Stream line,
equipotential lines and flow net.

Introduction to forces acting on Fluids in motion- Euler equation of motion – Bernoulli’s equation from
the principle of conservation of Energy- Applications of Bernoulli’s theorem- Flow measurement devices-
forces acting on a control volume - The linear and angular momentum equation

Module: 4: Flow through pipes and [15 Hrs -L[12]+T[3]] [Application

Differential Analysis of Fluid Flow

Introduction to flow through pipes – Types of flow based on Reynold’s experiment- Friction loss through
pipes based on Darcy-Weisbach equation – Minor losses through pipes – Pipes in series and parallel –
Equivalent pipe.

Introduction to Conservation of Mass –The differential linear momentum equation – Cauchy’s Equation;
The Navier – Stokes Equation.
DELIVERY PROCEDURE (PEDAGOGY):

Self-learning Topics: Meta center and Meta centric heights its application in shipping.

Problem Based Learning: Problem solving through group discussion and tutorial sessions.

REFERENCE MATERIALS:

Textbooks:

T1. P.N.Modi and S.M.Seth“Hydraulics And Fluid Mechanics Including Hydraulics Machines”
Standard Book House, 2002.

T2. Yunus A, Cengel, John.M.Cimbala“Fluid Mechanics, - Fundamentals and Applications”, McGraw

Hill.

Reference books:

R1. R.K.Bansal, “A Textbook of Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines”, Laxmi

R2. Robert W. Fox, Alan T. McDonald, Philip J. Pritchard, John W. Mitchell, “Fluid Mechanics: SI
Version”.

R3. K Sudramanya, “Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines”, Tata McGraw, New Delhi.

GUIDELINES TO STUDENTS:

1. Students are expected to regularly revise the content covered in class and to approach the faculty
with new problems and other innovative ideas of problem solving found in textbooks and
reference books.
2. Education videos accessible on the World Wide Web add to subject learning, and development.
As the topic is being covered students are encourage to refer textbooks for in-depth learning.
Maintaining classwork is an important and integral part of this course.

COURSE SCHEDULE:

STARTING CONCLUDING TOTAL NUMBER OF

Sl. No. ACTIVITY
DATE DATE PERIODS
01
01 Program integration 07-08-2019 07-08-2019
[01 Lecture]
9
[06 Lectures + 02
02 Module: 01 08-08-2019 02-09-2019
Tutorials + 01
Course Integration]
8
[05 Lectures + 02
03 Module: 02 – Part – 1 03-09-2019 25-09-2019
Tutorial +01 Course
Integration ]
04 Discussion - Assignment – 1 26-09-2019 26-09-2019 1
 [01 Lecture]
05 Test-1 27-09-2019 01-10-2019 -
Discussion of Test – 1 1
09-10-2019 09-10-2019
Question Paper [01 Tutorial]
5
06 Module: 02 – Part – 2 10-10-2019 17-10-2019 [03 Lectures + 02
Tutorials]
13
[09 Lectures + 03
07 Module: 03 – Part – 1 18-10-2019 11-11-2019
Tutorials + 01
Course Integration]
1
08 Discussion - Assignment 2 15-11-2019 15-11-2019
[01 Lecture]
09 Test-2 16-11-2019 19-11-2019
Discussion of Test – 2 1
20-11-2019 20-11-2019
Question Paper [01 Tutorial]
6
10 Module: 03 – Part – 2 21-11-2019 25-11-2019 [05 Lectures + 01
Tutorials]
11 Quiz 25-11-2019 11-12-2019
15
[11 Lectures + 03
12 Module: 04 26-11-2019 11-12-2019
Tutorial + 01 Course
Integration]
12 Last Instruction Day 12-12-2019 12-12-2019
SCHEDULE OF INSTRUCTION:

Course
Sl. Session Delivery
Lesson Title Topics Outcome Reference
no no Mode
Number
Chalkboard/
Course Integration
1. L2 Course Integration CO1 PPT T1
to Module – 1
presentation
Branches of fluid
Chalkboard/
Introduction to mechanics and
2. L3 CO1 PPT T1
Fluids mechanics Properties of fluids
presentation
Effect of shear stress
Concept of fluid on fluids
Chalkboard/
pressure and pressure at a point in
3. L4 CO1 PPT T1
variation of fluid the static mass of fluid
presentation
pressure and variation of
pressure
Derivation of Pascal’s
Explain Pascal’s law. Absolute, gauge,
4. L5 CO1 Chalkboard T1
law atmospheric and
vacuum pressures.
Measurement of Pressure
fluid pressure measurement by Problem
5. L6 using monometers simple, differential CO1 Based T1
manometers and Learning
mechanical gauges
Procedure to solve Numerical Problems Problem
6. T1 numerical on simple CO1 Based T1
problems monometers Learning
Procedure to solve Numerical Problems
7. L7 numerical on differential CO1 Chalkboard T1
problems monometers
Procedure to solve Numerical Problems Chalkboard/
8. L8 numerical on differential CO1 PPT T1
problems monometers presentation
Numerical Problems
Procedure to solve Problem
on simple and
9. T2 numerical CO1 Based T1
differential
problems Learning
monometers
END OF MODULE – 1
Chalkboard/
Course Integration Recall of concepts
10. L9 CO2 PPT T1
to module -2 required for module 2
presentation
Introduction to Pressure diagram and
Chalkboard/
hydrostatic total pressure on
11. L10 CO2 PPT T1
pressure horizontal plane
presentation
surface
 Determining of
Numerical Problems
total pressure Problem
on pressure acting on
12. T3 acting on CO2 Based T1
horizontal plane
horizontal plane Learning
surface
surface
Pressure diagram and Chalkboard/
Total pressure on
13. L11 total pressure on CO2 PPT T1
plane surface
vertical plane surface presentation
Determining of
Numerical Problems Problem
total pressure
14. L12 on pressure acting on CO2 Based T1
acting on vertical
vertical plane surface Learning
plane surface
Pressure diagram and Chalkboard/
Total pressure on
15. L13 total pressure on CO2 PPT T1
curved surface
curved surface presentation
Determining of
Numerical Problems Problem
total pressure
16. L14 on pressure acting on CO2 Based T1
acting on curved
curved surface Learning
surface
Procedure to solve Total Pressure acting Problem
17. T4 numerical on horizontal and CO2 Based T1
problems vertical plane surfaces Learning
Introduction to
Archimedes’ Principle
Archimedes’
18. L15 Buoyancy force and CO2 Chalkboard T1
Principle and
centre of buoyancy
buoyancy
Explain stability of Metacentric and meta
Problem
floating bodies centric height,
19. L16 CO2 Based T1
Stability of submerged
Learning
and floating bodies
Determination of Problem
Metacentric height for
20. L17 metacentric height CO2 Based T1
floating bodies
Learning
Procedure to solve Numericals on Problem
21. T5 numerical buoyancy force and CO2 Based T1
problems meta centric height Learning
END OF MODULE – 2
Chalkboard/
Course Integration
22. L18 Course Integration CO3 PPT T1
to Module – 3
presentation
Introduction to Chalkboard/
Types of fluid flow and
23. L19 velocity of fluid CO3 PPT T1
flow pattern
particles presentation
Explain basic Chalkboard/
Basic principles of
24. L20 principles of Fluid CO3 PPT T1
fluid flow
flow presentation
 Explanation Derivation of Chalkboard/
25. L21 Continutty Continutty Equation CO3 PPT T1
Equation presentation
Explanation Derivation of Chalkboard/
26. L22 Continutty Continutty Equation CO3 PPT T1
Equation presentation
Numericals on Solved examples on Problem
27. L23 Continutty Continutty equation CO3 Based T1
equation Learning
Procedure to solve Numericals on Problem
28. T6 numerical Continutty equation CO3 Based T1
problems Learning
Explain CO3 Chalkboard/
Acceleration of fluid
29. L24 Acceleration of PPT T1
particle
fluid particle presentation
Concept of velocity CO3 Chalkboard/
velocity potential and
30. L25 potential and PPT T1
stream function
stream function presentation
Concept of
streamlines, Chalkboard/
streamlines,
31. L26 equipotential lines CO3 PPT T1
equipotential lines
and streamlines presentation
and streamlines
Introduction to Chalkboard/
Forces acting on Fluids
32. L27 forces acting on CO3 PPT T1
in motion
Fluids in motion presentation
Euler’s equation Euler’s equation of Chalkboard/
motion and PPT
33. L28 CO3 T1
integration of Euler’s presentation
equation
Bernoulli’s Bernoulli’s equation Chalkboard/
equation from the principle of PPT
34. L29 CO3 T1
conversation of presentation
energy
Procedure to solve Numericals on Euler’s Problem
35. T7 numerical and Bernoulli’s CO3 Based T1
problems equation Learning
Procedure to solve Numericals on Euler’s
36. L30 numerical and Bernoulli’s CO3 Chalkboard T1
problems equation
Application of Chalkboard/
37. L31 Bernoulli’s Venturimeter CO3 PPT T1
equation presentation
Procedure to solve Numericals on Euler’s Problem
38. T8 numerical and Bernoulli’s CO3 Based T1
problems equation Learning
 Application of Orifice meter Chalkboard/
39. L32 Bernoulli’s CO3 PPT T1
equation presentation
Application of Nozzle meter and Chalkboard/
40. L33 Bernoulli’s other flow CO3 PPT T1
equation measurement devices presentation
Application of Numerical Problems
Problem
Bernoulli’s on venturimeter ,
41. T9 CO3 Based T1
equation orificemeter and flow
Learning
nozzle
END OF MODULE – 3
Chalkboard/
Course Integration
42. L34 Course Integration CO4 PPT T1
to Module – 4
presentation
Types of flow based Chalkboard/
43. L35 Introduction to on Reynold’s C04 PPT T1
flow through pipes experiment presentation
Major losses Friction loss through
44. L36 through pipes pipes based on Darcy- CO3 Chalkboard T1
Weisbach equation
Procedure to solve Numericals on Problem
45. T10 numerical Reynold’s experiment CO3 Based T1
problems Learning
Procedure to solve Problem
Numericals on major
46. L37 numerical CO4 Based T1
losses through pipe
problems Learning
Procedure to solve Problem
Numericals on major
47. L38 numerical CO4 Based T1
losses through pipe
problems Learning
Explain minor Chalkboard/
minor losses through
48. L39 losses through CO4 PPT T1
pipes
pipes presentation
Procedure to solve Numericals on minor Problem
49. T11 numerical and major losses CO4 Based T1
problems through pipes Learning
Flow through Pipes in series or Chalkboard/
50. L40 series pipe system compound pipe CO4 PPT T1
presentation
Concept of Chalkboard/
Equivalent pipe and
51. L41 Equivalent pipe CO4 PPT T1
pipes in parallel
system presentation
Procedure to solve Problem
Numericals on pipes in
52. L42 numerical CO4 Based T1
series
problems Learning
 Procedure to solve Numericals on Problem
53. T12 numerical Equivalent pipe CO4 Based T1
problems system Learning
Introduction to Conservation of Mass,
Problem
Conservation of The differential linear
54. L42 momentum equation CO4 Based R2
Mass Learning

Derivation of Cauchy’s Equation Problem

55. L43 Cauchy’s Equation CO4 Based R2
Learning
Derivation of The Navier – Stokes Problem
56. L44 Navier-stokes Equation CO4 Based R2
Equation Learning
END OF MODULE – 4

ASSESSMENT SCHEDULE:

Venue
Course ,
Sl.n Assessment Duration
Contents outcome marks weightage DATE
o type In Hours
Number &
TIME
 Pascal’s law
 pressure
measurement
by simple
monometer
 Pressure
Evaluation – 1 – measurement 26-09-
1. CO1,CO2 - 15 7.5%
Assignment – 1 by differential 2019
manometers
 Numerical
Problems on
pressure acting
on horizontal
plane surface
 Properties of
Fluids and
27-09-
measurement
2019
of fluid
2. Test – 1 CO1,CO2 1 hr 40 20% to 01-
pressure
10-
 Hydrostatic
2019
Forces on
plane Surfaces
  Hydrostatic
force acting on
curved surface
 Buoyancy and
Evaluation – 2 – buoyancy force 15-11-
3. CO2,CO3 - 15 7.5%
Assignment – 2  Bernoulli’s 2019
Equation
 Flow
measurement
devices
 Hydrostatic
force acting on
curved surface
 Buoyancy and
stability of 16-11-
submerged 2019
4. Test – 2 bodies CO2,CO3 1 hr 40 20% to 19-
 Fundamentals 11-
of Fluid Flow, 2019
Equations of
motions and
Energy
Equation
 Properties of
Fluids and
measurement
of fluid
pressure
 Hydrostatic
Forces on
Surfaces and
Buoyancy
 Fundamentals CO1, CO2, 11-12-
5. Quiz 10 5%
of Fluid Flow, CO3, CO4 2019
Equations of
motions and
Energy
Equation
 Flow through
pipes and
Differential
Analysis of
Fluid Flow
 Properties of 20-12-
End Term Final CO1,CO2,C
6. Fluids and 3 hrs 80 40% 2019
Examination O3,CO4
measurement to 11-
 of fluid 01-
pressure 2020
 Hydrostatic
Forces on
Surfaces and
Buoyancy
 Fundamentals
of Fluid Flow,
Equations of
motions and
Energy
Equation
 Flow through
pipes and
Differential
Analysis of
Fluid Flow

COURSE CLEARANCE CRITERIA:

Method of Assessment
for Courses with Credit Structure (L –T – 0) or (L – 0 – 0)
Weightage Duration of
Components of Continuous Assessments (% of Total Assessment
Marks)
1. Test 1 20% 1 hour
2. Test 2 20% 1 hour
This Component of continuous assessment
shall consist of at least TWO (02) of the
following:
(1) Assignment(s)
(2) Quiz
3. (3) Technical Seminar / Report 20% NA
(4) Attendance / Class participation
(5) Assessment on self-learning topic(s), or
(6) Any other type of assessment as
prescribed in the concerned Course
Handout.
4. End Term Final Examinations 40% 3 hours
Total 100%
1. The student has to secure a minimum of 40% in the continuous assessment for the eligibility for end
term examination. The student needs to secure a minimum of 30% in the end term examination to
clear the course.
2. Students are required to have minimum of 75% of attendance to be eligible to attend exam.

CONTACT TIMINGS IN THE CHAMBER FOR ANY DISCUSSIONS:

Students are encouraged to come for any discussions on this course at my chamber during free hours.

SAMPLE THOUGHT PROVOKING QUESTIONS:

COURSE
SL BLOOM’S
QUESTION MARKS OUTCOME
NO LEVEL
NO.
1.
5
Define Fluid and explain the effect of shear stress on CO1 L1
Marks
solids and fluids
2.
Determine the total pressure on a circular plate of
10
diameter 1.5 m which is placed vertically in water in such CO2 L3
Marks
a way that the Centre of the plate is 3 m below the free
surface of water. Find the Centre of pressure also.
3. A piezometer and a Pitot tube are tapped into a
horizontal water pipe, as shown in figure below to
measure static and stagnation (static dynamic)
pressures. For the indicated water column heights,
determine the velocity at the center of the pipe.

10
CO3 L3
Marks

Figure-1
4.
10
Water at 5 0C (ρ = 1000 kg/m3 and μ = 1.519 X 10-3 CO4 L3
Marks
kg/m.s is flowing steady through a 0.3 cm and 9 m long
 horizontal pipe at an average velocity of 0.9 m/s .
Determine
a) The head loss
b) The pressure drop
c) The pumping power requirement to overcome
this pressure drop

Figure-2

Target set for course Outcome attainment:

Target set for

C.O.
Sl.no Course Outcomes attainment in
No.
percentage
Describe the properties of fluid and measurement of fluid 70%
01 CO1 pressure.

Compute forces on immersed plane and curved plates. 60%

02 CO2
Apply continuity equation and energy equation in solving 50%
03 CO3 problems on flow through conduits.

Compute the Minor and major losses through pipes. 50%

04 CO4

Signature of the course Instructor

This course has been duly verified Approved by the D.A.C.

Signature of the Chairperson D.A.C.

Course Completion Remarks &Self-Assessment.

Activity
Scheduled Completion Actual Completion
Sl.no. As listed in the course Remarks
Date Date
Schedule
1. Module – 1 02-09-2019
2. Assignment 1 26-09-2019
3. Test 1 27-09-2019 TO 01-10-
2019
4. Module – 2 17-10-2019
5. Module – 3 25-11-2019
6. Assignment 2 15-11-2019
7. Test 2 16-11-2019 TO 19-11-
2019
8. Module – 4 10-12-2019
9. End Term 20-12-2019 TO 11-01-
2020

Any specific suggestion/Observations on content/coverage/pedagogical methods used etc.:

Course Outcome Attainment:

Remarks on
Actual C.O.
Target set for attainment &
C.O. Attainment
Sl.no Course Outcomes attainment in Measures to
No. In
percentage enhance the
Percentage
attainment
01 CO1
02 CO2
03 CO3
04 CO4

Name and signature of the Faculty member:

D.A.C. observation and approval:

 BLOOM'S TAXONOMY

Learning Outcomes Verbs at Each Bloom Taxonomy Level to be used for writing the course Outcomes.

Cognitive Level Illustrative Verbs Definitions

arrange, define, describe, duplicate, identify,
label, list, match, memorize, name, order, remembering previously learned
Knowledge
outline, recognize, relate, recall, repeat, information
reproduce, select, state
classify, convert, defend, discuss, distinguish,
estimate, explain, express, extend,
generalize, give example(s), identify, grasping the meaning of
Comprehension
indicate, infer, locate, paraphrase, predict, information
recognize, rewrite, report, restate, review,
select, summarize, translate
apply, change, choose, compute,
demonstrate, discover, dramatize, employ,
illustrate, interpret, manipulate, modify, applying knowledge to actual
Application
operate, practice, predict, prepare, produce, situations
relate schedule, show, sketch, solve, use
write
analyze, appraise, breakdown, calculate,
categorize, classify, compare, contrast,
criticize, derive, diagram, differentiate,
breaking down objects or ideas
discriminate, distinguish, examine,
Analysis into simpler parts and seeing how
experiment, identify, illustrate, infer,
the parts relate and are organized
interpret, model, outline, point out,
question, relate, select, separate, subdivide,
test
arrange, assemble, categorize, collect,
combine, comply, compose, construct,
create, design, develop, devise, explain,
rearranging component ideas into
Synthesis formulate, generate, plan, prepare, propose,
a new whole
rearrange, reconstruct, relate, reorganize,
revise, rewrite, set up, summarize,
synthesize, tell, write
appraise, argue, assess, attach, choose,
compare, conclude, contrast, defend,
making judgments based on
describe, discriminate, estimate, evaluate,
Evaluation internal evidence or external
explain, judge, justify, interpret, relate,
criteria
predict, rate, select, summarize, support,
value