Basic Circuit Components and

Theory*
Yuttapong Jiraraksopakun

*Image courtesy: Allan R. Hambley, Electrical Engineering Principles and Applications, 4th Ed., Upper Saddle River,
NJ: Pearson Education, Inc., 2008.
Circuits
Currents

dq t t
it qt i t dt q t0
dt 0
Direct and Alternating Current
Votages
Power and Energy

pt vtit
t2
wt p t dt
t1

charged discharged discharged

Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL)
The net current entering a node is zero

ia ic ib id
Series/ Parallel Circuits

ia ib ic

va vb vc
KCL Problems
Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL)

KVL related to Conservation of Energy

pa pb pc 0
va i vbi vc i 0
va vb vc 0
Voltage Sources
Independent sources

Dependent sources Avoid self-contradictory circuit

Current Sources
Independent sources

Dependent sources
Resistance and Ohm’s Law

p vi
p Ri 2
v2
p
R

v iR
1
i v
R
i Gv L
R
A
Resistive Circuits
Problems
Voltage-Divider and Current-Divider
Circuits

Ri
vi vtotal
R1 R2 R3

Ri
ii itotal
R1 R2
Node-Voltage Analysis
Mesh-Current Analysis

i1 i2 5
Thévenin Equivalent Circuits

voc Vt
Vt voc Rt isc
isc Rt
Thévenin Resistance
Zeroing sources
Thévenin Circuit Example
Norton Equivalent Circuits

In isc

Source Transformation

In Vt Rt
Maximum Power Transfer

Vt 2 RL
pL 2
Rt RL
dpL
0 RL Rt
dRL
Vt 2
PL max
4 Rt
Superposition Principle
Total response is the sum of the
responses to each of the
independent sources acting
individually
Linearity

v 10i 2
ics K cos ix
i ev
Capacitance

A
C
d
12
0 8.85 10 F m

q cv
dv dq
i c
dt dt
Voltage and Stored Energy
t
qt i t dt q t0
t0

1 t
vt i t dt v t0
C t0

dv
pt vtit Cv
dt
t 1 2
wt p t dt Cv t
t0 2
1
vtqt
2
q2 t
2C
Inductance

1 t
it v t dt i t0
L t0

di
pt Li t
dt
1 2
wt Li t
2
Voltage, Power, and Energy for Inductance
Mutual Inductance
Problems

solve for node voltage solve for power delivered by the voltage source
 Problems

find Thévenin and Norton equivalent circuits

find i using superposition principle