A PROPOSED CONSTRACTION OF MODERN LIBRARY AT KIRIAINI

TOWN IN MURANG’A COUNTY

NAME : ERIC GATHII KARIUKI

INDEX NO :

COURSE CODE : 2705/305

CENTER NAME : ZIWA TECHNICAL TRAINING INSTITUTE

CENTER CODE :

PRESENTED TO : KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATION

COUNCIL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR
THE AWARD OF DIPLOMA IN BUILDING
TECHNOLOGY

SUPERVISOR : MR.

EXAM SERIES : NOVEMBER 2024 SERIES

i
DECLARATION
BY THE CANDIDATE

I declare that this report is entirely my original work and has not been presented in certificate,
diploma or degree course in this or any other college or institution of higher learning

NAME : ERIC GATHII KARIUKI

DATE :

SIGN :

BY THE SUPERVISOR

This research project has been submitted for examination with my approval with a
faculty/departmental supervisor.
NAME : MR.

DATE :

SIGN :

ii
DEDICATION
I would like to dedicate this Diploma Research project first to Almighty God for giving me life
and good health during the time of carrying out this research. Dedication also goes to our head of
department, our class tutor and all the entire community of Ziwa Technical Training Institute.
May this work inspire you to greater heights of exploration in your desired professional fields.

iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I take this time to thank our Supervisor MR. FRANCIS for his guidance, encouragement and
concern for me. I would like to acknowledge his inspirational instructions and guidance and the
initial impetus to study of my project of in modern library

iv
Table of Contents
DECLARATION.........................................................................................................................II
DEDICATION...........................................................................................................................III
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..........................................................................................................IV
ABSTRACT..............................................................................................................................VI
CHAPTER ONE..........................................................................................................................1
1.0 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................1
1.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION...............................................................................................1
1.2 JUSTIFICATION......................................................................................................................1
1.3 PROJECT OBJECTIVES...........................................................................................................1
1.4 CONSTRUCTION...............................................................................................................1
1.5 COMPARISION OF PROJECT..........................................................................................2
CHAPTER 2...............................................................................................................................3
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW............................................................................................................3
2.1 HISTORY OF THE PROJECT....................................................................................................3
2.2 HISTORY OF MATERIALS.......................................................................................................3
CHAPTER 3...............................................................................................................................5
3.1 MEASUREMENT TAKE OFF...................................................................................................5
3.2 ORDER OF TAKING OFF........................................................................................................ 6
PITCHED ROOF....................................................................................................................... 8
3.3 BILL OF QUANTITY.......................................................................................................12
Form M................................................................................................................................ 31
Dry density/moisture content relation................................................................................31
BS 1377:1975....................................................................................................................... 34
Liquid and plastic limit......................................................................................................... 34
Liquid limit using the casagrand apparatus..........................................................................34
CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................... 37
RECOMMENDATIONS.............................................................................................................. 38
ACTIVITY SHEET........................................................................................................................38
SCOPE...................................................................................................................................... 38
APPLICATION: BUILDING..........................................................................................................38
EAST ELEVATION....................................................................................................................39
NORTH ELEVATION................................................................................................................40
SOUTH ELEVATION................................................................................................................41
WEST ELEVATION...................................................................................................................42
STAIRCASE.............................................................................................................................43

v
ABSTRACT
The construction of m basically deals with the construction of an advanced modernity by use of
tree stamps which in this case will replace the use of bricks and blocks in the construction
industry. The proposed use of tree stamps brings a new outlook and competition in the
engineering field. The outlook of the stamps brings an aquatic appearance thus attractive finishes
appears.

Moreover, in this case different types of trees can be used so that the sequence of appearance be
motivated and thus forming a series of pattern will bring attractive outlook because each type of
the tree has different inner appearance. And if one type of tree may be used it will bring
uniformity from the being of the project from the slab to roof.

Basically, tree stamps are easily acquired and thus it makes the construction of a very quick and
easily. Because if easy acquisition the tree stamps saves thus it gives the enough time for the
construction setting out to take place within a possible short time. The period of constructing the
project is reduced because a good number of course of construction it can be done within a very
short period.

Due to the high competition in the commonly used type of material e.g. bricks and blocks the use
of this material minimizes the immovability of the raw materials and because are easily acquired
and within a very short time it will first save the time and the cost because transport cost is
reduced in a good percentage.

Use of tree stamps dislodges the site because a number of workers are not required in the site. It
there reduces the cost in terms of labor.

The construction of this project will solve so many problems that have been brought by use of
bricks and blocks. That’s construction of the project using tree stamps can accommodate a large
population because trees cannot change in temperatures thus providing a constant temperature in
the rooms.

Excavation will be done by use of unskilled personnel, then level is taken in the foundation,
blinding layer is then put in place. Then foundation wall is carried out to the required level. The
standard level is taken to make sure the foundation wall is well set. Backfill is then made where
necessary and removal of vegetable soil is done. Hardcore is then laid and compacted.
Thereafter formwork to the foundation is done and the slab is laid. Curing is done for
consecutive period and setting out of the wall is made.
The construction of the first two courses is made by blocks and the rest of the course is done by
use of tree stamps. The construction of the course can be vertical or horizontal pattern.
This is done up to the lintel and the formwork to the lintel is made and the rest of the cases after

vi
the lintel we will use the bricks.

Roofing is done by use of steel trusses, this is because and important to become the atmospheric
temperature on the top of the building by use of steel because the walls tree stamps have been
used.

Keys is done and finishing is applied to reach the maximum engineering competition of the
building.
Basically, the objectives of this project is to:
 Stimulate the use of different materials in construction so that to reduce the cost of
materials
 Reduce the cost of construction by use of material that are locally accepted and available
 Promote the use of mix material to bring the attractive nature in the field.
 It also answers the question of varying climatic changes that happens each day.

vii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background information
Ziwa technical training institute has existed for more than fifteen years now but it began just a small facility that
offered formal education. Due to development of the locations around economically, this education Centre has
evolved with time to a polytechnic and until now that it a technical institution that is government institution offering
technical courses to more than two thousand student.

1.2 Justification
Ziwa Technical Training Institute has been gaining popularity in Uasin Gishu area since its establishment. Students
in this area are increasing each and every day hence arising a need to build modern library to accommodate the high
number of students. Coupled with activities which are always on day and night, therefore to promote welfare and
dignity of students within the institute, the proposed project is set to achieve the daily requirements of gaining
knowledge and equipping young people with skills that can make them better.
Its establishment will increase the number of students who will be admitted from all over the country which in turn
will enhance the growth of Uasin Gishu County and also outside the county.
Hygiene and sanitation of the library will be greatly enhanced as the structure will ease this work.
It will enhance development of the surrounding areas improving the livelihoods of people within the respective
surrounding.
The structure will cater for security issues by installation of CCTV cameras all around the library and inside of the
same.

1.3 Project Objectives

The various objectives of putting up the library blocks are as follows;
- To equip young generations with skills that they can rely on.
- To improve understanding on the careers chosen by the students
- To enhance discipline on self-reliance to every student who joins the institution
- To provide every resource needed by students in an institution.

1.4 CONSTRUCTION
The structure will adopt the normal construction routine in that it will be erected starting with the foundation. Super
structure.
The first phase of construction will commence by site clearing, setting out, and taking out levels. Excavation work
will also fall here followed with the erection of substructure works.
The second phase will involve the construction of super structure work, which will include walling, shattering and
roofing.

The fourth phase will have the finishing work done which will involve pointing and jointing painting etc.
The total time estimated is about 11months at most.

1
1.5 COMPARISION OF PROJECT
Alter the completion of this modern library , the institution will gain recognition from all over the nation for
producing people equipped with skills and with high competency and also the community around the institution
will get skills from the same facility leaving them with sharpened skills to venture in any industry of their wish.

2
CHAPTER 2
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 HISTORY OF THE PROJECT
The history of library construction is closely intertwined with the development of human knowledge, literacy, and
the desire to preserve and share information. Here is a brief overview of the evolution of library construction.

Technological Advances: The advent of the internet and digital technology revolutionized libraries. Construction
and renovation efforts focused on incorporating technology, creating spaces for computer access, and designing
flexible, multi-purpose areas.

Sustainable Design: Modern libraries often incorporate environmentally-friendly design elements, such as energy-
efficient lighting and heating systems, as well as sustainable building materials.

Architectural Diversity: Contemporary library architecture varies widely, from sleek, modern structures to
renovated historic buildings, reflecting diverse community needs and architectural preferences.

Today, libraries continue to evolve in response to changing technologies and community needs. They serve as
hubs for information access, education, community engagement, and cultural enrichment. Designs often prioritize
open, welcoming spaces that accommodate a range of activities beyond traditional book lending.
2.2 HISTORY OF MATERIALS
The construction of m basically deals with the construction of an advanced modernity by use of tree stamps which
in this case will replace the use of bricks and blocks in the construction industry. The proposed use of tree stamps
brings a new outlook and competition in the engineering field. The outlook of the stamps brings an aquatic
appearance thus attractive finishes appears.

Moreover, in this case different types of trees can be used so that the sequence of appearance be motivated and thus
forming a series of pattern will bring attractive outlook because each type of the tree has different inner appearance.
And if one type of tree may be used it will bring uniformity from the being of the project from the slab to roof.

Basically, tree stamps are easily acquired and thus it makes the construction of a very quick and easily. Because if
easy acquisition the tree stamps saves thus it gives the enough time for the construction setting out to take place
within a possible short time. The period of constructing the project is reduced because a good number of course of
construction it can be done within a very short period.

Due to the high competition in the commonly used type of material e.g. bricks and blocks the use of this material
minimizes the immovability of the raw materials and because are easily acquired and within a very short time it will
first save the time and the cost because transport cost is reduced in a good percentage.

Use of tree stamps dislodges the site because a number of workers are not required in the site. It there reduces the

3
cost in terms of labor.

The construction of this project will solve so many problems that have been brought by use of bricks and blocks.
That’s construction of the project using tree stamps can accommodate a large population because trees cannot
change in temperatures thus providing a constant temperature in the rooms.

Excavation will be done by use of unskilled personnel, then level is taken in the foundation, blinding layer is then
put in place. Then foundation wall is carried out to the required level. The standard level is taken to make sure the
foundation wall is well set. Backfill is then made where necessary and removal of vegetable soil is done. Hardcore
is then laid and compacted.
Thereafter formwork to the foundation is done and the slab is laid. Curing is done for consecutive period and setting
out of the wall is made.
The construction of the first two courses is made by blocks and the rest of the course is done by use of tree stamps.
The construction of the course can be vertical or horizontal pattern.
This is done up to the lintel and the formwork to the lintel is made and the rest of the cases after the lintel we will
use the bricks.

4
CHAPTER 3
3.1 MEASUREMENT TAKE OFF

NOTES

Site is bushy

Top soil av 190 mm deep to be

removed

5
3.2 ORDER OF TAKING OFF

WORK TO FOUNDATION
Site clearance S.M Top soil S.M
Trench excavation S.M Backfilling S.M Dewatering S.M
Timbering item Planking S.M
Levelling and compacting S.M Blinding S.M
Concrete in trench S.M Foundation wall S.M Hardcore S.M
Levelling and compacting hardcore S.M Treat surface of hardcore S.M
Blinding layer S.M
D.P.M S.M
Floor slab S.M Formwork to edge S.M Render to plinth
S.M Paint to plinth S.M D.P.C
Backfilling C.M

W
16.800
33.294
Less 400 400
wall
2x200 32892
1400
32.89
16.4 250mm thick hardcore filling to raise level
Level and compact surface of hardcore
And
33.29 Treat surface of hardcore with approved inspector
6
16.8 And
50mm thick blinding

500mm gauge d.p.m polythene

P.c 1:3:6 in 125mm thick ground slab

BACKFILL M. GIRTH

2
Add 3322+16800=50092
corners 100184
10000
100.5 -500
0.25 1000684
0.18 Ddm
Remove from site
And
Backfill

PITCHED ROOF
Wall plate L.M
Bolts, knot’s, washes
Drill holes – No in timber
Tie beam –L.M
Struts, ties –L.M
Rafter – L.M
Ridge board –L.M
Polythene sheets –S.M
Chicken wire –S.M
Battens –L.M
Roof covering –L.M
Half round cover –L.M
Fascia board –L.M
Runners – L.M

7
 WALL PLATES
2/33.29 Length -33292
No of joint-4

2/2/0.01 {100x50 in wall plate bedded on cement sand mortar}

BOLTS AND NUTS

No of bolts
Assume at 500mm center to center
500/33292+1 =67
2/67/1 Fungated or fish tail=250

12mm m.s bults with nuts and washes 250mm with one
end fish tailed
And
Drill 150mm holes in wall for bolts
And
Ditto in 50mm thick timber for 12mmdiameter bolt

No of tress
1800/33292 +1=19
The following is 10x10 trusses including hoisting and
fixing at a height of 3.3m from c.t
NOTE: All timber will be well seasoned cypress
Add2/200
Eaves TIE BEAM
2/50 16446
400
100

10/16.95 16946
10/0.25 No of joist =2
150x150mm tie beam

8
10/2 350mm long scarf joint in ditto including flying all round with flat
bar

STRUT LENGTH
Sin 22.5=5
56.48
S=5648sin22.5

2161.4MM

TIE LENGTH
S22.5=21614
2161.4
Tie

Tie=2161.4
Sin22.5
56.48
19/2/22.61 RAFTER
19/2/5.6 Cos22.5=8923/R
R=9659
No
600/33292+1
=56 rafter
100x50mm strut
Ditto ties

9
 56/2/5.90 Ditto rafter
Ridge board length
5.20 33292
1000
Add/walls 34292
2/200
2/200
4 joints
{175x25mm ridge board 350mm long scarf joint in ditto
34.29 add}
2/0.35
500 guage polythene underlay
And
4/2
475x330mm mareba tiles laid 22.5 degree slop

Rafter =1968/guage +1
No of bolts 9658+1
200
=488
40x40mm battens

250mm and half ridge cover include bedding in matching

34.29
MORTAR
34.29 Fill ends ditto with matching mortar

10
 3.3 BILL OF QUANTITY
ITEM DESCRIPTION QTY UNIT RATE AMOUNT
(Kshs)

ELEMENT NO. 1

SUBSTRUCTURE
WORKS (ALL
PROVISIONAL)

Excavations

A Clearing site of all bushes,

shrubs, undergrowth and the
like; small trees not
exceeding 600mm girth;
disposing arising 320 SM 80 25,600

B excavate top soil average

depth 150mm and preserve
as directed by project
manager 320 SM 150 48,000
C Excavate for strip
foundations not exceeding
1500 mm deep commencing
from ground level 131 CM 200 26,200

D Extra over all excavations

and earthworks for breaking
up rock where encountered 0 CM 1,000 0

E Plank and strut to uphold

sides of excavations: keep
excavations free from all
fallen material 0 Item 10,000 0

F Keep excavations free from

ground and surface water 0 Item 10,000 0

G Load and cart away surplus

excavated material from site 44 CM 300 13,200

11
H Return, fill and ram
excavated material around
foundations 87 CM 100 8,700
Hardcore filling

J 300mm thick hardcore or

other approved inert
material: well-watered and
compacted in 150 mm thick
(maximum) layers 320 SM 300 96,000
Carried to collection 217,700

12
ITEM DESCRIPTION QTY UNIT RATE AMOUNT
(Kshs)
Hardcore blinding

A 50 mm Thick approved lean

mix blinding to surfaces of
hardcore 320 SM 100 32,000

Polythene underlay

B Gauge 500 polythene

underlay laid on hardcore
blinding 320 SM 100 32,000

Ant termite treatment

C Approved anti-termite
treatment with 10years
guarantee 320 SM 300 96,000

50mm thick mass concrete

(1:4:8) in:-

D Blinding under strip

foundation 33 SM 300 9,900

Insitu reinforced concrete

class 20/20: vibrated: in

E Strip foundation and bases 20 CM 1,000 20,000

F 150mm thick floor slab 320 SM 1,000 320,000

Sawn formwork to:-

H Sides: foundations 65 SM 250 16,250

I Edges: slabs over 75 but not

exceeding 150 mm girth 70 LM 100 7,000
Carried to collection
533,150

13
14
ITEM DESCRIPTION QTY UNIT RATE AMOUNT
(Kshs)
Mesh fabric reinforcement
to B.S 4483 and setting in
concrete with 300mm side
and end laps (measured
nett-
allow for laps

Fabric ref. A142 weighing

2.22kg/ sq. metre, in surface
A bed. 320 SM 400 128,000
Approved Natural
Stonework; roughly squared;
bedded in cement and sand
mortar (1:4); 25mm wide x
20 Gauge hoop iron
strapping every alternate
courses
B 200mm thick walls 219 SM 130 28,470
Plinth Finishes
Render to plinth Finishes
C 12mm thick cement/ sand
render 35 SM 270 9,450
Paintwork
D Prepare and apply three
coats of black bituminous
paint to plinth render 35 SM 250 8,750
Carried to Collection 174,670
COLLECTION
From page 1 217,700

From page 2 533,150

From page 3 (above) 174,670
 TOTAL FOR SUBSTRUCTURE CARRIED TO SUMMARY 925,520
ITEM DESCRIPTION QTY UNIT RATE AMOUNT
(Kshs)

ELEMENT No. 2

REINFORCED
CONCRETE (R.C)
WORKS

Insitu reinforced concrete

class 20/20: vibrated: in

A Ring beams 10 CM 10,700 107,000

Reinforcement

High tensile, square twisted

bar reinforcement to BS
4461

B 8mm dia bars 621 Kgs 135 83,835

C 12mm dia bars 320 Kgs 135 43,200

Sawn formwork as described
to:-
D Sides of ring beam 98 SM 400 39,200
TOTAL FOR R.C WORKS CARRIED TO SUMMARY 273,235
ITEM DESCRIPTION QTY UNIT RATE AMOUNT
(Kshs)
ITEM DESCRIPTION QTY UNIT RATE AMOUNT
ELEMENT No. 3 (Kshs)
ELEMENT No. 4
WALLING
ROOF
Dressed Natural stone
jointed and bedded
ROOF in
STRUCTURE
cement and sand mortar
(1:4)All
as described in:-
in sawn cypress: second
grade: clean: treated with
A 200mm thick walls
approved woodwith and
preservative:
including 25x3mm
including thickand
jointing
hoopconnections
iron strips every
as necessary
alternate course. 281 SM 1,300 365,300
The following in Roof
Dump proof course
Support

B A 200mm 150wide
x 50"Plavix"
mm Rafters
or 213 LM 350 74,550
other equal and approved
B dump150roofx course
50 mmlaid and
Kingpost 35 LM 350 12,250
bedded in and including
C cement and sand mortar
150 x 50 Tie beam
162 170 LM LM 120 350 59,500
(1:4) 19,440
TOTAL FOR WALLING CARRIED TO SUMMARY 384,740
D 100 x 50 Internal Members 84 LM 250 21,000

Common Members

E 50 x 50 mm purlins 389 LM 250 97,250

F Ditto; Wall plate: fixed to

concrete or masonry with
approved bolts at 1000 mm
centers 190 LM 300 57,000

G G28 IT5 roofing sheets

fixed to timber purlins with
approved nails 221 SM 1,500 331,500

H Ditto ridge capping to match

the roof profile 38 LM 500 19,000

17
 Carried to collection 672,050
ITEM DESCRIPTION QTY UNIT RATE AMOUNT
(Kshs)
RAINWATER GOODS

26 gauge, galvanized iron

sheet with one coat red
oxide primer before fixing
as described in:

A 150 x 200 mm box gutter,

fixed to timber fascia (m.s.)
with approved straps 76 LM 950 72,200

B Extra over ditto for 100 mm

diameter nozzle outlet. 7 NO 300 2,100

C Ditto, but for stopped ends 7 NO 300 2,100

D Ditto but for bend 7 NO 300 2,100

E 100 mm diameter rain water

down pipe fixed to masonry
with approved holderbats 19 LM 700 13,300

F Extra over ditto for swan-

neck 7 NO 250 1,750

G Ditto, but for shoe 7 NO 250 1,750

EAVES FINISHES

Wrot cypress: prime grade

H 225 x 25 mm Fascia/barge
board 76 LM 300 22,800

Prepare and apply three

coats gloss oil paint on:-

18
I Surfaces of woodwork, 200 -
300 mm girth externally 76 LM 80 6,080

J External metal surfaces of

large pipe 11 LM 75 825

K General metal surfaces of

gutters 76 LM 200 15,200

L Extra for bend 7 NO 500 3,500

M Extra for shoe 7 NO 500 3,500

Carried to collection 147,205

19
ITEM DESCRIPTION QTY UNIT RATE AMOUNT
(Kshs)
COLLECTION

From page 6 672,050

From page 7 147,205

TOTAL FOR ROOF AND RAINWATER GOODS CARRIED
TO SUMMARY 819,255

ITEM DESCRIPTION QTY UNIT RATE AMOUNT

(Kshs)
ELEMENT NO. 5

WINDOWS

Casements

Steel casement windows

purpose made primed steel
complete in opening and
fixed lights complete with
fasteners and stays ;steel
lugs built into stone work
and complete with burglar

20
 proofing in 15 mm diamond
paten solid bars with circular
top to architects approval.

A Window size 1200 x 1500

mm high 1 No. 9,000 9,000

B Ditto 1500 x 1800 mm high 3 No. 7,700 23,100

C Ditto 1600 x 2100 mm high 1 No. 8,000 8,000

D Ditto 800 x 1200 mm high 1 No. 5,000 5,000

E Ditto 500 x 600 mm high 2 No. 3,000 6,000

Glazing

F 6 mm thick clear sheet glass

and glazing to metal with
metallic putty in different
panes 15 SM 900 13,500

Painting

G Prepare and apply three

coats of gloss oil paint to
metal surfaces of windows;
internally 15 SM 250 3,750

H Ditto; externally 15 SM 250 3,750

TOTAL FOR WINDOWS CARRIED TO SUMMARY 72,100

21
ITEM DESCRIPTION QTY UNIT RATE AMOUNT
(Kshs)
ELEMENT No. 6

DOORS

50 mm thick mahogany
paneled double leaf doors to
B.S 459: part 2 both sides
with mahogany veneered
plywood and lipped on all
edges in approved hardwood

A 1500 x 2400 mm high

1 no 12,000.00 12,000.00

B 900 x 2100 mm high

4 no 9,000.00 36,000.00

C 900 x 2100 mm high

9 no 9,000.00 81,000.00

D 3000 x 2100 mm high

1 no 12,000.00 12,000.00

E 1000 x 2100 mm high

1 no 9,000.00 9,000.00

F 2100 x 2100 mm high

2 no 12,000.00 24,000.00

Hardwood door frames and

framings
G DOOR FRAMES; 2 No.
labors; plugged door frame 96 lm 250.00 24,000.00

22
I 50 x 55 mm molded
architrave 96 lm 150.00 14,400.00

J 25 x 25mm molded
quadrants 96 lm 150.00 14,400.00

Carried to Collection 226,800.00

23
ITEM DESCRIPTION QTY UNIT RATE AMOUNT
(Kshs)
Iron Mongers
Supply and fix the following
to UNION catalogue or
other equal and approved
4 no 150.00
A 375mm fixing clamps 600.00

-
B 100mm steel butt hinges
48 prs 200.00
9,600.00
C Three lever mortice lock
complete with set lever 4 no 2,500.00
10,000.00
handle furniture
Ditto two lever mortice
14 no 2,000.00
locks 28,000.00

-
D Rubber door stop complete
with 38 mm rail bolt 2 no 120.00
240.00
E Painting
Prepare and apply three
coats of clear varnish to
89 SM 250.00
general surfaces of external 22,250.00
F doors (both sides measured)
Ditto, but to surfaces of
timber framing 100-200mm 96 LM 150.00
14,400.00
H girth
Carried to Collection
85,090.00
COLLECTION
Brought Forward
226,800.00
From page 10
From page 11
Above 85,090.00

TOTAL DOORS
CARRIED TO
SUMMARY 311,890.00

24
25
ITEM DESCRIPTION QTY UNIT RATE AMOUNT
(Kshs)
ELEMENT NO. 7
FINISHES

WALL FINISHES

EXTERNAL WALL
FINISHES

External cement and sand

(1:3) render: wood floated:
on masonry or concrete: to

12mm thick to External

Wall/and concrete surfaces
A externally 281 SM 270.00 75,870.00

Prepare surfaces: apply three

coats of Crown vinyl paint
or other equal approved: on
steel troweled plaster: to

26
 Wall/ concrete surfaces
B externally 281 SM 250.00 70,250.00

INTERNAL WALL
FINISHES
12mm Plaster: cement/lime
putty/sand: steel troweled
smooth: on masonry or
concrete: to

C Walls /concrete surfaces

internally 275 SM 270.00 74,250.00

10mm Backing:
cement/sand (1:4): on
masonry or concrete: wood
float finished: to
D Walls to receive ceramic
wall tiles ( ms) 110 SM 250.00 27,500.00

Colored and glazed ceramic

wall tiles
250x250x6mm thick wall
tiles as SAJ or other equal
and approved complete with
cement grouting to joints to
E match. 110 SM 1,000.00 110,000.00
Prepare surfaces: apply three
coats Crown vinyl emulsion
paint or other equal
approved: on steel troweled
plaster: to
Internal masonry and
F concrete surfaces 275 SM 250.00 68,750.00

Wall Finishes Carried to collection 426,620.00

27
 BS 1377:1975

Form M
Dry density/moisture content
relation
2.5kg/4.5kg {rammer method}
Site:

Hall for indoors games

Borehole

No 2
Depth

sample:2m
Sample

NO
Operator ERICK GATHII

Date 6/11/2023
Description of Black cotton
Single/separate /sample
Amount retained on 20mm BS test sieve
Total mass of sample

Test number 1 2 3 4 5
Mass of mould +base +compacted 5930. 6021. 6520.0 6530 6515
specimen{m2} 45 0 .0 .0
Mass of mould + base{m1} 4863. 4863. 4863.5 4863 4863
7 7 .5 .5
Mass of compacted specimen{m2-m1} 776.8 786.6 1178.3 1256 1152
.5 .2
Bulk density p=m2-m1 0.78 0.87 2.4 2.4 2.4
1000
Moisture content container No. A1 A2 A3 A4 A5
Moisture content 9.98 10.7 14.0 15.0 16.0

28
Dry density p= 100p 0.49 0.56 0.78 2.01 2.02
100/w
mg/m3

29
30
 BS 1377:1975

Form C

Liquid and plastic limit

Liquid limit using the casagrand apparatus
Site:
Hall for indoors games
Borehole
No 1
Depth
sample:2m

Sample
NO
Operator ERICK GATHII

Date 6/5/2022
Description of soil Red soil
Test details: properties of sample retained on 425 um BS test sieve………..
Soil condition: natural moisture content air dried unknown
Delate as appropriate.
Liquid limit machine No………..
Soil equilibrated with water for………

Test No 1 2 3 4 5
Type of test W.W W.W W.W W.W W.W
No of blows {liquid limit test} 57 27 13 10 9
Container No.
Mass of wet soil+ container g 20.7 22.9 19.8 21.7 25.5
Mass of dry soil + container g 19.8 19.6 12.9 19.8 18.9
Mass of container g 11.8 17.9 9.8 11.9 15.9
Mass of moisture g 3.8 3.8 3.7 6.9 3.7
Mass of dry soil g 3.9 6.9 6.9 6.7 2.8
Moisture content g 9.8 11.8 6.5 6.5 9.8
Type of test: natural moisture content {N}Liquide limit {LL}, Plastic limit {PL}
31
100 100

90 90 90 90

80 80 80 80

70 70 70 70

60 60 60 60

50 50 50 50

40 40 40 40

30 30 30 30

20 20 20 20

10 10 10 10

clay Fine medium coarse fine Medium coarse fine medium coarse cobbles
Salt sand gravel
Site: Hall for indoors game
Borehole number 02
Sample No 02
Depth of sample
2m
British standard test sieves

32
ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS

LIB

CONFRENCE
ROOM

MAIN LIBRARY

33
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, this research has proven that flexible library design has the potential to improve library
performance by allowing the motel property to more effectively and efficiently accommodate changing
demand conditions. The thesis argues that highly profitable library developments require library design
to be highly market orientated, but also needs to take into consideration the changing market conditions
to further match supply with demand.

The research has discussed the methodologies and considerations of conventionally library design, and
the impact different market segments have on tangible design considerations. The research identifies that
there is a knowledge gap in market orientated library design that currently ignores the problems and
opportunities caused by short‐term demand fluctuations.

These demand fluctuations are commonly represented in guest nights or occupancy rates, but a closer
analysis revealed that the type of guest also changes significantly from day of the week to month of the
year. While the bulk of this information is discussed in the realm of library management and marketing,
this thesis argues the importance of rethinking library design in response to short‐term demand
fluctuations.

A hypothesis was established that flexible library design has the potential to enhance motel performance
by allowing the motel property to be more responsive to short‐term demand fluctuations. This was
followed by an examination of flexible architecture and flexible motels as a way of allowing the motel
to physically respond to changes in demand.

While the topic of flexible architecture is extremely broad, it was found that due to the short ‐time period
and re‐occurring nature of demand fluctuations, certain flexible design strategies were found to be more
practical than others. Internal‐based flexible interventions were found to be more feasible
and realizable, namely the concepts of multi‐use space, movable internal partitions and flexible built-in
furniture. These changeable building elements give motel spaces the potential to be reconfigured quickly
and easily in response to changing circumstances.

These flexible design strategies were further tested in proposed library designs, which demonstrated how
flexible design of the public spaces and guestrooms is able to make better utilization of the building
resources and attract more customers during when demand is low by offering the facilities that particular
market group’s desire. At the same time, flexible design allows those spaces to be reconfigured to take
advantage of high demand levels, by increasing the capacity of the library, therefore increasing the
revenue earning potential of the motel property.

The findings of this research could be a basis for a prototype ‐ high occupancy ‐ flexible library, which
would be the ultimate proof of this thesis.

34
RECOMMENDATIONS
To sum up this report it is obvious that there are a lot of things that can be improved at the house from a
Kenyan perspective. If the suggested changes are made there is a lot of money, energy and environment
to be saved. To develop this final project there are a few points that can be further continued.
No extensive calculations have been made but further calculations can be made on the load-bearing parts
of the structure and the cost of the project. The calculations of the insulation and the moisture are very
brief and can be developed and deepened.

ACTIVITY SHEET
Events Duration Start Finish Start Finish Critical Float
path
1-2 2 0 2 2 4 - 2
B 1-3 3 0 3 0 3 x 0
C 1-4 4 0 4 1 5 - 1
D 2-5 5 2 7 4 9 - 2
E 3-5 6 3 9 3 9 x 0
F 4-7 7 4 11 5 12 - 1
G 4-6 8 4 12 5 13 - 1
H 5-7 5 9 14 9 14 x 0
I 7-8 9 14 23 14 23 0
J 6-8 0 - - - - - -
K 6-9 9 12 21 13 22 - 9
L 8-10 11 23 34 23 34 x 0
M 9-10 12 21 33 22 34 - 12

SCOPE
The chapter deals with structural design of members of structure, it includes design of:
 Reinforced concrete slab
 Reinforced concrete beams
 Reinforced concrete columns
 Stairs

APPLICATION: BUILDING
To design and analysis of reinforced concrete members applies to all design of structural members. They
should be able to resist failure and various aspects of design

35
EAST ELEVATION

36
NORTH ELEVATION

37
SOUTH ELEVATION

38
WEST ELEVATION

39
STAIRCASE

40
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