D.A.V.

School Sree Nandeeswarar Campus,

Adambakkam , Chennai, Tamil Nadu – 600088

Physics Investigatory
project to study
Earth's magnetic field using
tangent galvanometer

GROUP MEMBERS:
S.Harinee
R.S.Lakshmi Narayani
Sneha pradan
S.Varunika
S.Harshini
 INTRODUCTION :
Studying Earth's magnetic field is crucial for
understanding various natural phenomena and has
practical applications in navigation, communication,
and geology. One way to investigate the Earth's
magnetic field is by using a tangent galvanometer, a
device that measures the horizontal component of
the magnetic field.
The Earth's magnetic field is generated by the
motion of molten iron and nickel in its outer core.
This creates a complex magnetic field that extends
from the Earth's interior into space, forming a
protective shield around the planet. The strength
and direction of this magnetic field vary depending
on the location on the Earth's surface .

A tangent galvanometer consists of a coil of wire

suspended within a magnetic field. When a current
passes through the coil, it experiences a torque due
to the interaction between the magnetic field and the
current. By adjusting the current until the coil aligns
with the Earth's magnetic field, the angle of
deflection can be measured and used to determine
the strength of the magnetic field.

In this project, we will use a tangent galvanometer to

measure the horizontal component of the Earth's
magnetic field at different locations. By comparing
these measurements, we can observe how the
strength and direction of the magnetic field vary
across the Earth's surface.

To conduct the experiment, we will need a tangent

galvanometer, a power source, a compass for
determining the direction of the Earth's magnetic
field, and a method for measuring the angle of
deflection of the galvanometer coil. Additionally, we
will need to record the geographic coordinates of
each measurement location to account for variations
in the Earth's magnetic field.
The procedure for the experiment will involve setting
up the tangent galvanometer and calibrating it using
a known magnetic field strength. We will then take
measurements at different locations, adjusting the
current through the galvanometer until the coil aligns
with the Earth's magnetic field. By recording the
angle of deflection and the geographic coordinates
of each measurement location, we can create a map
showing the variation in the Earth's magnetic field
strength.

The results of the experiment will provide valuable

insights into the Earth's magnetic field and its spatial
variation. By understanding how the magnetic field
varies across the Earth's surface, we can better
comprehend its underlying mechanisms and how it
affects various natural and technological processes.

In conclusion, studying Earth's magnetic field using

a tangent galvanometer is an informative and
engaging project that allows us to explore the
fundamental forces shaping our planet. Through
careful experimentation and analysis, we can gain a
deeper understanding of this fascinating aspect of
Earth science