Recall A sequence is an infinite list of numbers

Fu an It

an 1 as as 94

L Itt I I 1 4

A sequence converges if it gets really close to a finite number

as n gets big Otherwise it diverges

EI Kitty It
tf I Caninges

him
Mx lun x diverges

him
nix lent x diverges

Lim GM DME diverges

no
 Math 166 10.1 / 10.2 – More Sequences, Infinite Series Iverson

Note You should know these limits, and you can use them freely:
p
• lim n n = 1
n!1

• If |x| < 1, then lim xn = 0

n!1
✓ ◆
x n
• For any x, lim 1 + = ex
n!1 n
xn
• For any x, lim =0
n!1 n!

Thm Suppose lim an = A, where A is finite. If f (x) is any function that is continuous at x = A, then
n!1
lim f (an ) = f (A).
n!1

✓ ◆n/2
8
Ex 1 Find lim 1 .
n!1 n

II l f II GET
Taking x 8 in x we find

it l E et
fence
text Fx is continuous at A é then

its Cleat instant er

T
Final answer

1
 Math 166 10.1 / 10.2 – More Sequences, Infinite Series Iverson

p p
Ex 2 Put a1 = 2, and then define an+1 = 2 + an recursively. One can show that {an }1
n=1 converges.
Assume this is the case, and find lim an .
n!1

Thesequence goes
a I
92 2 9 2nd
93 95
2
2tFÉ
2

Main idea
Call the limit E Ethan
Take limits of both fides in anti 295

We get

him ant him Stan

It Stan
finn fix 21T is continuous at x L we can move the limitinside

2thman 25
Now Solve for L 12 2 2 EL 2 0 7 L 2 4170
Either 1 2 a 2 1 But fine an Stant 30 fall n

he must have EGG 9h30 Thus 2

ED Find answer
 Math 166 10.1 / 10.2 – More Sequences, Infinite Series Iverson

Ex 3 Find a simpler way to write

1 1 1 1
sN :=+ + + ··· + N .
2 22 23 2
What value should we give the infinite sum?
1
X 1 1 1 1
n
= + 2 + 3 + ···
2 2 2 2
n=1

Atrick I say I ft ft t
In ft ft ft
fo
Int
Sn If ft It In
Est t
Int Int
ISN I 21 M2 Itt I E
So 1 In K N3 It I 1 25 78
Ny ft ft 1 24 18
fine
tut t t 1 In we should say that
Etta t
Has 1 In I in an Final answer 1

o
Def A series represents an infinite sum that adds up all the terms infinite sequence {a } n n=k :

1
o
X
an = ak + ak+1 + ak+2 + ak+3 + · · · .
n=k

Its N th partial sum adds just the first N terms:

k+N
X
sN := ak + ak+1 + · · · + ak+N 1 = an .
| {z }
N terms n=k

We say the series converges if the sequence {sN }1

N =1 of partial sums converges to a finite number,
which we take as the value of the infinite sum:
1
X k+N
X
an := lim sN = lim an .
N !1 N !1
n=k n=k

We say the series diverges if the sequence of partial sums fails to converge or diverges to ±1.

3
 Math 166 10.1 / 10.2 – More Sequences, Infinite Series Iverson

P1 n
Thm (Geometric Series) Let c 6= 0 and r be real numbers, and let m be an integer. The series n=m cr
converges if and only if |r| < 1, in which case
1
X crm
crn = (|r| < 1).

ÉÉÉt
n=m
1 r

E IN
Ex 4 (bonus problem) Find the sum, if the series converges:
1
1
X 1
X
2 · 5n+1
(a) (b) ( 1)n
7n 1
n=3 n=1

É
Rewrite s E E
n o 25414,1

5
251
I final answer