MODULE 1
over time & In different geographic locations
Introduction to Transcultural Nursing
● People may have different frames of
reference and varied preferences
regarding their health and health
care needs.
● Plan and deliver culturally
appropriate and competent care
● Nurses must understand - language
of culture, culturally appropriate
care, and cultural competence and
the various aspects of culture that
should be explored for each patient
● Concept of culture, relationship to
health care beliefs and practices
Foundation for transcultural nursing
1.Goal of TCN - Scientific & Humanistic
Body of Know
CULTURE- SPECIFIC
CULTURE UNIVERSAL NURSING CARE
DEFINITION OF TERMS:
CULTURE SPECIFIC
-Particular values , beliefs & patterns of
behavior, special or unique to a group &
don't tend to be shared with other cultures
CULTURE- UNIVERSAL
• Commonly shared values, norms,
behaviors & life patterns similarly held
among cultures about human behavior &
lifestyle
Culture
• Norms / practices of a particular group that
are teamed and shared and transmitted
values, beliefs, norms & lIfeways of a
particular group of people that guide
thinking, decisions, and actions in a
patterned way blueprint provides the
broadest & most comprehensive means to
know, explain, predict people's Lifeways
•Influence a person's definition of health &
illness 6 appropriateness to self treat or
sufficiently ill/SICK
CULTURAL VALUES:
• Individual's desirable or preferred way of
acting or knowing something that is
sustained over a period of time and which
governs actions or decisions
SUBCULTURE
Groups that have values & norms that are
distinct from those held by majority w/ in a
wider society
ETHNICITY
•Perception of one-self & a sense of
belonging to a particular ethnic group
RACE
• Group of people who share genetically
transmitted traits
CULTURALLY DIVERSE NURSING CARE:
•Refers to variability of nursing approaches
needed to provide
Culturally Appropriate Care that
incorporates an individual's cultural values,
beliefs, and practices including sensitivity to
the environment from which the individual
comes and to which the individual may
ultimately return
CULTURALLY COMPETENT NURSING
CARE
• Effective, Individualized care that
demonstrates respect for the dignity,
personal rights, preferences, belles, and
practices of the person receiving care, while
acknowledging the biases of the caregiver
and preventing these biases from interfering
with the care provided
CULTURAL NURSING ASSESSMENT
• A systematic appraisal or examination of
Individuals, familles, groups, and
communities in terms of their cultural
beliefs, values, and practices
Culturally Congruent Nursing Care
•Refers to those cognitively based assistive,
supportive, facilitative, or enabling acts or
decisions that are tailor-fit with an
individual's, group's or institution's cultural
values .beliefs and lifeways in order to
provide meaningful, beneficial, satisfying
care that leads to health and well-being
Cultural congruence
•Central in the theory of Culture Care
Diversity & Universality.
TRANSCULTURAL NURSING
• Specialty within nursing focused on the
comparative study and analysis of different
cultures and sub- cultures.
• Various groups are examined with respect
to their caring behavior, nursing care, health
and illness values, beliefs and patterns of
behavior
• A legitimate and formal area of study,
research, and practice focused on culturally
based care, values, and practices to help
cultures and subcultures maintain or regain
their health and face difficulties or death in a
culturally congruent and beneficial caring
ways"
HISTORY OF TRANSCULTURAL
NURSING
Transcultural Nursing
•Madeleine M. Leininger
•a foundress of Transcultural Nursing, noted
cultural differences between patients and
nurses while working with emotionally
disturbed children
•Experience led to study clinical difference
in perception of the care
She escoarbed that hand tornaulted the
theory of
Transcultural Nursing
•Established in 1991 'Culture Care Diversity
And Universality: A Theory Of Nursing
•theory has now developed into a discipline
in nursing
• During the 1950s. Madeleine Leininger
worked in a child gutdan home and while
she recognized the importance of focusing
on «care" early on she was also surprised to
observe stark differences in child behavioral
patterns based on differing cultural
backgrounds.
•The ideas sparked by her conclusion paved
the way for Leininger to expand nurses'
knowledge and understanding of diverse
cultures that were lacking in healthcare at
this time.
•Her endeavor to enhance patient care and
well-being through a culturally competent
nursing education would later be coined as
the
Transcultural theory concept
• Uses culture to understand behavior
• All cultures are not alike
• Culture Influences all spheres of life. It
defines health. Illness and search for relief
from disease or distress.
• Each person viewed as unique with
differences that are respected Cultural
competence Is Important in nursing.
• Cultural competence is a combination of
culturally congruent behaviors, practice
attitudes and policies that allow nurses to
work effectively in cross cultural situations.
Factor that established TC framework
● A marked increase in the migration
of people within and between
countries world wide
 ● A rise in multiculturalism identifies,
with people expecting their cultural
belief, values, and lifestyles to be
understood and respected by nurses
and other health care providers.
● Increased use of healthcare
technology sometimes conflicts with
cultural values of clients.
● World wide there are cultural
conflicts. clashes, and violence that
have an impact on health care as
more cultures interact with one
another.
Factor that established TCN framework
● An increase in legal suits resulting
from cultural conflict, negligence,
ignorance, and Imposition of health
care practice
● An increase in the number of people
travelling and working in many
different parts of the world.
● Rise in feminism and gender Issues,
with new demands on health care
systems to meet the needs of
women and children
● an Increased demand for
community and culture based health
care services in diverse
environmental contexts.
Cultural Care Preservation or
Maintenance
A Is also known as MAINTENANCE.
A It includes those ASSISTIVE,
SUPPORTING, FACILITATIVE, Or
ENABLING PROFESSIONAL ACTIONS
and DECISIONS that help people of a
particular culture to retain and/or preserve
relevant care values so that they can
maintain their well-being, recover from
illness, or face handicaps and/or death.
Cultural Care Accommodation or
Negotiation
• Cultural care accommodation, also known
as negotiation, includes those assistive,
supportive, facilitative, or enabling creative
professional actions and decisions that help
people of a designated culture to adapt to or
negotiate with others for a beneficial or
satisfying health outcome with professional
care providers.
Culture Care Repatterning or
Restructuring
Includes those assistive, supporting.
facilitative, or enabling professional actions
and decisions that help clients reorder,
change, or greatly modify their lifeways for
new, different, and beneficial health care
patterns while respecting the clients' cultural
values and beliefs and still providing a
beneficial or healthier lifeway than before
the changes were established with the
clients. (Leininger, 1991)
In transcultural nursing, nurses practice
according to the patient's cultural
considerations. It begins with a
culturological assessment, which takes
the patient's cultural background into
consideration in assessing the patient and
his or her health.
Once the assessment is complete, the
nurse should use the culturological
assessment to create a NURSING CARE
PLAN that also takes the patient's cultural
background into consideration