Date 15/1/2020

ME-110 BASIC MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

5th WEEK LECTURE # 9 & 10

Theory Teacher :
Muhammad Muzammil Ejaz
Lecturer

Department of Mechanical Engineering NED University Of Engineering And Technology

Basic Mechanical Engineering (ME-110), Muhammad Muzammil Ejaz– Department of Mechanical Engineering, NED
University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date 6/1/2020

SLIDE # 2

Basic Mechanical Engineering (ME-110), Muhammad Muzammil Ejaz– Department of Mechanical Engineering,
NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date 6/1/2020

Cont ’ d… SLIDE # 3

T-v Diagram for phase change

Basic Mechanical Engineering (ME-110), Muhammad Muzammil Ejaz– Department of Mechanical Engineering, NED
University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Cont’d.
Date 6/1/2020

SLIDE # 4

 At a given . pressure, the temperature at which a pure

substance changes phase is called the saturation temperature Tsat.

 Likewise, at a given temperature, the pressure at

which a pure substance changes phase is called the saturation pressure Psat.

 Let us add weights on top of the piston until the pressure inside the cylinder
reaches 1 MPa. Now heat is transferred to the water
 Boils at higher temperature
 Specific volume of saturated liquid is larger and specific volume of saturated vapor is smaller than at 1 atm.

 As the pressure is increased further, this saturation line continues to shrink,

Basic Mechanical Engineering (ME-110), Muhammad Muzammil Ejaz– Department of Mechanical Engineering, NED
University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Cont’d..
Date 6/1/2020

SLIDE # 5

 The point at which the saturated liquid and saturated vapor states are identical is called as Critical Point

Basic Mechanical Engineering (ME-110), Muhammad Muzammil Ejaz– Department of Mechanical Engineering, NED
University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Cont’d.
Date 6/1/2020

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Basic Mechanical Engineering (ME-110), Muhammad Muzammil Ejaz– Department of Mechanical Engineering, NED
University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Property Tables Date 6/1/2020

SLIDE # 7

 For most substances, the relationships among thermodynamic properties are too complex to be expressed by
simple equations. Therefore, properties are frequently presented in the form of tables.

 Enthalpy
 It is combination property
 In thermodynamics , frequently encounter the combination of properties u + Pv.

kJ
 ℎ = u + Pv ( ) OR H = U + PV (kJ)
kg

 The subscript “f ” is used to denote properties of a saturated liquid,

 The subscript “ g ” to denote the properties of saturated vapor

 The subscript “ fg “, which denotes the difference between the saturated vapor and saturated liquid values
of the same property
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Basic Mechanical Engineering (ME-110), Muhammad Muzammil Ejaz– Department of Mechanical Engineering, NED
University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date 6/1/2020

Dryness Fraction or Quality (x) SLIDE # 8

 To analyze liquid-vapor mixture properly, we

need to know the proportions of the liquid
and vapor phases in the mixture. This is done
by defining Quality.

 The ratio of the mass of vapor to the total

mass of the mixture.

Basic Mechanical Engineering (ME-110), Muhammad Muzammil Ejaz– Department of Mechanical Engineering, NED
University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date 6/1/2020

SLIDE # 9

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Basic Mechanical Engineering (ME-110), Muhammad Muzammil Ejaz– Department of Mechanical Engineering, NED
University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date 6/1/2020

SLIDE # 10

Basic Mechanical Engineering (ME-110), Muhammad Muzammil Ejaz– Department of Mechanical Engineering, NED
University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date 6/1/2020
 Example 3:1 A rigid tank contains 50 kg of saturated liquid
water at 90°C. Determine the pressure in the tank and the SLIDE # 11

volume of the tank.

Basic Mechanical Engineering (ME-110), Muhammad Muzammil Ejaz– Department of Mechanical Engineering, NED
University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date 6/1/2020

SLIDE # 12
LATENT & SENSIBLE HEAT
 The amount of energy absorbed or released during a phase- change process is
called the latent heat.
 The amount of energy absorbed during melting is called the latent heat of fusion. For water 333.7
kJ/kg at 1 atm
 The amount of energy absorbed during vaporization is called the latent heat of vaporization. For
water 2256.5 kJ/kg at 1 atm

 The amount of energy absorbed or released during temperature change process is

called as sensible heat .

Basic Mechanical Engineering (ME-110), Muhammad Muzammil Ejaz– Department of Mechanical Engineering, NED
University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date 6/1/2020

SLIDE # 13

Basic Mechanical Engineering (ME-110), Muhammad Muzammil Ejaz– Department of Mechanical Engineering, NED
University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date 6/1/2020

SLIDE # 14

Basic Mechanical Engineering (ME-110), Muhammad Muzammil Ejaz– Department of Mechanical Engineering, NED
University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date 6/1/2020

SLIDE # 15

Basic Mechanical Engineering (ME-110), Muhammad Muzammil Ejaz– Department of Mechanical Engineering, NED
University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date 6/1/2020

SLIDE # 16

Basic Mechanical Engineering (ME-110), Muhammad Muzammil Ejaz– Department of Mechanical Engineering, NED
University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
 Date 6/1/2020

SLIDE # 17

Basic Mechanical Engineering (ME-110), Muhammad Muzammil Ejaz– Department of Mechanical Engineering, NED
University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi