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 [2958] This is true of the Lex Lat. Bant. (p. 380), the Appuleian
laws (p. 395), and the Julian agrarian law of 59 (p. 440).
[2959] As by forbidding tribunician intercession; Lex Mal. 58;
Cic. Leg. Agr. ii. 12. 30.
[2960] Cic. Att. iii. 23. 2.
[2961] Lange, Röm. Alt. ii. 652.
[2962] Livy iii. 57. 10; Cic. Phil. i. 10. 26; Tac. Hist. iv. 40; Suet.
Vesp. 8; Serv. in Aen. vi. 622. In earlier time wooden tables were
used for laws as well as for rogations; Dion. Hal. iii. 36. 4; iv. 43.
1.
[2963] P. 438. Plebis cita and the senatus consulta pertaining
thereto were originally kept by the aediles of the plebs in the
temple of Ceres; p. 278 f.
[2964] “Unde de piano recte legi possit”; Probus, in Gramm.
Lat. iv. 273, for example, the Forum; Dion. Hal. x. 57. 7.
Plebiscites and senatus consulta of international importance
could be found in the temple of Faith on the Capitoline hill; Suet.
Vesp. 8; Obseq. 68. For other places, see Lange, Röm. Alt. ii. 652
f.
[2965] Under the aedile for judicial business only; p. 325.
[2966] P. 276.
[2967] Cf. p. 304.
[2968] For judicial business only; p. 292.
[2969] P. 327.
[2970] P. 141. For instance, the dictator; p. 416, n. 1.
[2971] Livy xxv. 3. 14; xxxiii. 25. 7; xxxiv. 1. 4; 53. 2; xliii. 16. 9;
xlv. 36. 1; App. B. C. i. 15. 64; Plut. Ti. Gracch. 17; C. Gracch. 13;
Aemil. 31; Ascon. 77.
[2972] Dion. Hal. vii. 17. 2; ix. 41. 4; x. 9. 3; Livy viii. 14. 12;
Varro, R. R. i. 2. 9. For legislation in the Forum, see Lex Quinct.
de Aq. praescriptio.
[2973] Varro, R. R. iii. 2. 5; Cic. Planc. 9. 16; Att. i. 1. 1; iv. 3. 4;
Fam. vii. 30. 1.
[2974] Livy iii. 54. 15; xxvii. 21. 1; cf. Richter, Top. v. Rom, 48,
212; Platner, Top. and Mon. of Anc. Rome, 343.
[2975] Livy iii. 20. 7.
 [2976] P. 297. Meetings distant from the city were soon
afterward forbidden by law.
[2977] Vocare tribus in (or ad) suffragium (Cic. Planc. 20. 49;
Livy iii. 71. 3; iv. 5. 2; vi. 38. 3; x. 9. 1; xxv. 3. 15), citare tribus ad
suffragium ineundum (Livy vi. 35. 7), or mittere tribus in
suffragium (Livy iii. 64. 5).
[2978] Livy xxv. 3. 16; Lex Mal. 53; Fest. 127. 1. These sources
prove, against Lange, Röm. Alt. ii. 483, that the right to vote in a
tribe drawn thus by lot was not restricted to those who were
virtually citizens awaiting enrolment. It is probable that, at least in
early time, not even residence was a requirement; cf. Mommsen,
Röm. Staatsr. iii. 232, n. 2, 396 f., 643 f.
[2979] In the opinion of Mommsen, Röm. Staatsr. iii. 397, n. 4,
411, n. 7; Abhdl. sächs. Gesellsch. d. Wiss. ii (1857). 426, n. 107,
the principium had nothing to do with the order of voting. His
argument is based chiefly on the fact that according to the Lex
Mal. 55—a constitution evidently based in large part on that of
Rome—the curiae voted simultaneously. Reference to the
preliminary vote of a single Roman tribe, however, is made by
Plut. Aemil. 31; App. B. C. i. 12. 52. Furthermore it is difficult to
understand why so great importance should attach to the
principium on Mommsen’s supposition that it had merely to do
with the order of announcement after the simultaneous vote of all
the tribes. His view is accepted by Liebenam, in Pauly-Wissowa,
Real-Encycl. iv. 684, but rejected by Lange, Kl. Schr. ii. 477 f.;
Herzog, Röm. Staatsverf. 1184, and ignored by most other
writers, including Liebenam, inconsistently; ibid. 706.
[2980] “Sitellam deferre.” It was filled with water, the lots were
thrown in, and the drawing was effected by pouring out the water,
which caused the pieces to fall one by one. The process was
supervised by the custodes; cf. Ascon. 70; Cic. Leg. Agr. ii. 9. 22.
[2981] Dion. Hal. vii. 59. i; App. B. C. iii. 30. 117.
[2982] Serv. in Bucol. i. 33; Ovid, Fast. i. 53; Cic. Mil. 15. 41.
[2983] The marble building, known as the Saepta Julia, begun
in 54 by Julius Caesar (Cic. Att. iv. 16. 14), was finished by
Agrippa in 27 b.c. A plan is given by Platner, Top. and Mon. of
Anc. Rome, 365, who describes it at length; cf. Richter, Top. v.
Rom, 230 ff.
[2984] Cic. Sest. 51. 109; p. 129 above.
 [2985] The act could take place during the deliberation, the
placing of the urn, the sortition, and the separation of the people
in their voting groups; Ascon. 70; (Cic.) Herenn. i. 12. 21; Cic. N.
D. i. 38. 106. It was most convenient, however, for the tribune to
interpose his veto by forbidding the reading of the bill; Ascon. 57
f. (p. 430 above); App. B. C. i. 12.
[2986] P. 115.
[2987] Livy ix. 46. 2; Gell. vii (vi). 9. 2.
[2988] Dion. Hal. vii. 59. 9; 64. 6.
[2989] This is true of the comitia centuriata (Cic. Div. ii. 35. 75;
N. D. ii. 4. 10), and doubtless applies as well to other forms of
assembly; Mommsen, Röm. Staatsr. iii. 403, n. 4. The rogator
must have kept a tally of the votes in rogations in some such way
as in elections, in which for each vote he placed a mark
(punctum) after the name of the candidate in whose favor it was
given; Mommsen, ibid. 404.
[2990] P. 359, 390.
[2991] U. R. and presumably A.; Cic. Att. i. 14. 5; Mommsen,
Röm. Staatsr. iii. 402, n. 2. There were corresponding
abbreviations for trials; Liebenam, in Pauly-Wissowa, Real-
Encycl. iv. 692; cf. p. 178 f. above.
[2992] Plut. Cat. Min. 46; Suet. Caes. 80. These names might
also be abbreviated; Cic. Dom. 43. 112.
[2993] Sisenna, Frag. 118 (Peter, Reliq. i. 293); (Cic.) Herenn. i.
12. 21; Plut. Ti. Gracch. 11. The voting within the curiae was also
by heads; Livy i. 43. 10; Dion. Hal. iv. 20. 2.
[2994] Cic. Red. in Sen. 11. 28; Pis. 15. 36; Lex Mal. 55 (Bruns,
Font. Iur. 149; Girard, Textes, 112). As they also counted the
votes, they were termed diribitores. In the last century of the
republic they were drawn from the album iudicum (Pliny, N. H.
xxxiii. 2. 31), and hence included some of the most influential men
in the state; cf. Cic. Leg. iii. 3. 10; 15. 33 f.
[2995] Cic. Planc. 20. 49; Pis. 5. 11; 15. 36; Varro, R. R. iii. 5.
18.
[2996] Cic. Planc. 14. 35. The order of announcement of the
curial votes was likewise determined by lot; Lex Mal. 57. Livy, ix.
38. 15, refers to the sortition for the principium.
 [2997] Varro, in Gell. x. 1. 6; Cic. Pis. 1. 2; Mur. 17. 35; Plut. C.
Gracch. 3; Caes. 5; Suet. Vesp. 2. In the case of censors alone
no declaration was made unless two were elected; Livy ix. 34. 25.
[2998] Lex Mal. 57; Cic. Mur. 1. 1; Gell. xii. 8. 6. In like manner
in the comitia curiata a majority of the curiae decided; Dion. Hal.
ii. 14. 3.
[2999] As in the vote to depose Trebellius from the tribunate in
67 (p. 432); cf. the deposition of Octavius in 133; p. 367. The
voting as well as the announcement might be interrupted by an
evil omen (p. 109, 111, 248), in which case the assembly had to
be adjourned. Sometimes the president arbitrarily adjourned the
meeting; Livy xlv. 36. 1-6, 10; Plut. Aemil. 31.
[3000] Twelve Tables i. 9: “Solis occasus suprema tempestas
esto”; Documents in Varro, L. L. vi. 87, 92; Declam. in Cat. 19; cf.
Livy x. 22. 7 f.
[3001] For the presidency of the tribunus celerum, see Livy i.
59. 7; cf. Humbert, in Daremberg et Saglio, Dict. i. 1377. It is
denied by Liebenam, in Pauly-Wissowa, Real-Encycl. iv. 682.
[3002] Livy ix. 38. 15; p. 112 above.
[3003] P. 195 f.
[3004] Cic. Rep. ii. 13. 25; 17. 31.
[3005] Cic. Leg. Agr. ii. 11. 28.
[3006] P. 155.
[3007] P. 154.
[3008] Livy v. 52. 15; Dio Cass. xli. 43.
[3009] Varro, L. L. v. 155; Livy, ibid.; cf. Fest. ep. 38.
[3010] P. 154.
[3011] Gell. xv. 27. 2.
[3012] Dion. Hal. ii. 8. 4; p. 31 above; cf. Mommsen, Röm.
Staatsr. iii. 386.
[3013] On the procedure, see Liebenam, in Pauly-Wissowa,
Real-Encycl. iv. 682-4.
[3014] P. 103, 140, 203, 244, 245. The censors convoked it for
the census and the lustrum only; p. 204.
 [3015] He could not hold these comitia for elections; Livy xxii.
33. 9.
[3016] See references in the next to the last note above.
[3017] Livy v. 52. 15; Gell. xv. 27. 5; Cic. Rab. Perd. 4. 11.
[3018] Varro, L. L. vi. 88, 91; cf. Verg. Georg. ii. 539.
[3019] P. 203, n. 2.
[3020] P. 150.
[3021] Livy xxvi. 22. 11; Juv. vi. 529; Serv. in Bucol. i. 33.
[3022] 70 of the first class—1 prerogative + 18 equestrian.
[3023] Cic. Att. i. 14. 5; (Cic.) Herenn. i. 21; Fest. 334. 16.
[3024] P. 359, 390, 467.
[3025] P. 211, 226 f.
[3026] Cic. Fam. vii. 30.
[3027] In the comitia centuriata in addition to the prerogative
there had to be at least four, and possibly seven, successive
votings before a majority could be reached. In the tribal assembly
there was but one in addition to the principium. After the comitia
curiata had come to be represented by thirty lictors the votes
could be taken in a few minutes.
[3028] Varro, L. L. vi. 29: “Comitiales dicti quod tum ut coiret
populus constitutum est ad suffragium ferendum nisi si quae
feriae conceptae essent, propter quas non liceret, (ut) Compitalia
et Latinae”; Macrob. Sat. i. 16. 14: “Comitiales sunt, quibus cum
populo agi licet, et fastis quidem lege agi potest, cum populo non
potest, comitialibus utrumque potest”; Verrius Flaccus, in Fast.
Praen. ad Ian. 3 (CIL. i². p. 231); Ovid, Fast. i. 53; Fest. ep. 38.
[3029] For the various local Italian calendars with Mommsen’s
comment, see CIL. i². p. 203 ff. Especially useful is the Diei
notarum laterculus, ibid. p. 290 ff.
[3030] On the distinction between dies fasti and dies nefasti,
see Varro, L. L. vi. 29 f., 53; Macrob. Sat. i. 16. 14; Fast. Praen.
ad Ian. 2; Ovid, Fast. i. 47; Fest. ep. 93; Gaius iv. 29.
[3031] March 24 and May 24; p. 159, n. 8.
[3032] June 15. For the meaning of this expression and the one
given just above, see Varro, L. L. vi. 31 f.; Ovid, Fast. v. 727; vi.
225; Mommsen, in CIL. i². p. 289. These three days were called
fissi; Serv. in Aen. vi. 37.
[3033] Dies endotorcisi or intercisi; Varro, L. L. vi. 31; Macrob.
Sat. i. 16. 3; Ovid, Fast. i. 49; Mommsen, in CIL. i². p. 290.
[3034] Cf. Varro, L. L. vi. 30; Macrob. Sat. i. 16. 14. In a wider
sense comitial days were fasti. Naturally judicial business could
be transacted on those comitial days on which the assembly did
not actually meet, or after its adjournment if time remained; p.
315. A Clodian law of 58 permitted comitial legislation on all dies
fasti; p. 445.
[3035] Mommsen, in CIL. i². p. 296; 109 according to Wissowa,
Relig. u. Kult. d. Röm. 368 f.
[3036] Mommsen, ibid. Wissowa, ibid., reckons 192 comitial
days, which would give 43 non-comitial fasti. The following were
the dies comitiales according to Mommsen:

Jan. 3, 4, 7, 8, 12, 16-28, 31—in all xix.

Feb. 18-20, 22, 25, 28—vi.
Mar. 3-6, 9-12, 18, 20, 21, 25, 26, 28-31—xvii.
Apr. 3, 4, 24, 27-30—vii.
May, 3-6, 10, 12, 14, 17-20, 25-31—xviii.
June, 4, 16-28, 30—xvi.
July, 10-14, 17, 18, 20, 22, 26-31—xv.
Aug. 3, 4, 7, 8, 10-12, 15, 16, 18, 20, 24, 26, 28, 31—xv.
Sept. 4, 7-11, 16-22, 24-28, 30—xix.
Oct. 3-6, 9, 10, 12, 17, 18, 20-31—xxi.
Nov. 3, 4, 7-12, 15-28, 30—xxiii.
Dec. 4, 7-10, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24-28, 31 —xv.

[3037] Wissowa, ibid. 378.

[3038] Varro, in Macrob, Sat. i. 16. 19; L. L. vi. 29.
[3039] Varro, R. R. ii. praef. 1; Serv. in Georg. i. 275.
[3040] That judicial business was done on those nundinae
which were not marked N(efasti) is clearly proved by the Twelve
Tables, iii. 1-6 (Girard, Textes, p. 13), in Gell. xx. i. 45 ff.; cf.
especially § 47: “Trinis nundinis continuis ad praetorem in
comitium producebantur, quantaeque pecuniae iudicati essent,
praedicabatur.”
[3041] Dion. Hal. vii. 59. 3: Ἐν δὲ ταύταις (ἀγοραῖς) συνιόντες ἐκ
τῶν ἀγρῶν εἰς τὴν πόλιν οἱ δημοτικοί τὰς τ’ ἀμείψεις ἐποιοῦντο
τῶν ὠνίων κὰι τὰς δίκας παρ’ ἀλλήλων ἐλάμβανον, τά τε κοινά,
ὅσων ἦσαν κύριοι κατὰ τοὺς νόμους καὶ ὅσα ἡ βουλὴ ἐπιτρέψειεν
αὐτοῖς, ψῆφον ἀναλαμβάνοντες ἐπεκύρουν; Rutilius, in Macrob.
Sat. i. 16. 34: “Romanos instituisse nundinas, ut octo quidem
diebus in agris rustici opus facerent, nono autem die intermisso
rure ad mercatum legesque accipiendas Romam venirent.” The
words of Dionysius and Rutilius apply to all voting assemblies, not
simply to those of the plebs.
[3042] Gran. Licinian. in Macrob. Sat. i. 16. 30 (quoted p. 315,
n. 2).
[3043] Cf. Lange, Röm. Alt. ii. 518 f.
 INDEX
Abbreviations: c. = consular, d. = dictatorial, p. = pretorian, t. =
tribunician. The numbers in parentheses are dates b.c.

Abacti, 391.
Abjuration of social rank, 156, 162, 163, 165.
Abrogation, of imperium, 324, n. 1, 342, 360, 390, 404;
of tribunician power, 366, 367 f., 432, 455;
of pretorian power, 455, n. 3.
Accensi velati, 66, 80 f., 207, 208, 228.
Accensus, summons comitia centuriata, 469.
Accerani, receive citizenship, 304.
Acclamation, 152, 202, 276.
Acculeia (curia), 11, n. 7.
Accusation, fourth, 260.
Acilius Glabrio, M’., trial of (189), 319.
Adlectio of senators, 166, 418.
Adoptions, 160, 166;
testamentary, 161.
Adrogatio, 156, 160 f.;
of Clodius, 30, 443;
formula of, 161;
for transitio ad plebem, 162, 443.
Adscriptivi, 80, n. 5.
Adsidui, 61.
Aediles, election of, 127;
presidency of contio, 141;
of comitia, 292, 465;
jurisdiction of before Hortensius, 290-2;
after Hortensius, 325-7;
limited by standing courts, 326 f.
Aediles cereales, 454, n. 5.
Aediles, curule, and lex curiata, 189;
instituted, 234, 291;
presidency of comitia, 292, 465;
jurisdiction before Hortensius, 291 f.;
after Hortensius, 325-7.
Aediles, plebeian, instituted, 262;
election of, 262, 272;
bailiffs of tribunes, 264, n. 5;
sacrosancti, n. 7, 274;
Valerian-Horatian law on, 274, 278 f.;
relation to tribunes, 290;
jurisdiction, before Hortensius, 195, 290-2;
after Hortensius, 325-7;
presidency of comitia, 292, 465.
Aemilius Lepidus, M., his imperium abrogated (136), 360, 367.
Aemilius Lepidus, M., consul (78), 423, 425.
Aemilius Paulus, L., trial of (218), 318.
Aemilius Scaurus, M., trial of, for neglect of duty (103), 323;
for maiestas (91), 257, n. 5.
Aerarii, 60, 62, 64, 65, 212, 318.
Aerarium, 62.
Aes equestre et hordearium, 93 f.
Aetates, in comitia centuriata, 222.
Africa, organized under lex Livia, 349;
agrarian conditions of, 387.
Ager, privatus, ownership of, 48 f.;
registration in tribes, 50, 54, 60 f., 64;
publicus, agitation for assignment of, 270, 272, 295, 310 f.,
360, 373 f., 435 f.;
laws for assignment of, see Legislation, agrarian.
Ager compascuus, 365.
Ager, effatus, etc., 108.
Agrarian laws, see Legislation, agrarian.
Alba Longa, three tribes in, 4, n. 3.
Alban Mount, triumphs on, 293, 335, n. 2, 350.
Aliens, treatment of, 38;
under jurisdiction of senate, 254;
of people, 255;
expulsions of, 273, 354, 370, 397, 434;
enrolment in colonies, 353;
see Italians, Latins.
Allies, unfair treatment of, 352;
under lex Iulia repetundarum, 442;
 see Italians, Latins.
Ambitus, laws on, 295, 296 f., 348 f., 419, 431, 436 f., 448, 454,
474.
Aniensis iuniorum, 217, 227, n. 2.
Annius Luscus, T., prosecution of (133), 322.
Annius Milo, T., prosecution of, 327.
Anquisitio, 259.
Antias, Valerius, on Scipionic trial, 319, n. 7.
Antiquo, 467.
Antonius, L., tribune (45-44), 455.
Antonius, M., misuses oblativa, 113;
tribune (49), 453 f.;
consul (44), 454, n. 4, 457-9.
Apparitores, 416, n. 1.
Appeal, to comitia curiata, 182, 239;
to centuriata, 239 ff., 259, 287;
to tributa, 259, 266, 268, 286 f., 292, 317, 325, 327;
limited by first milestone, 241;
from military imperium, 251 f.;
from tribunes in capital cases, 268;
when most used, 328;
right offered as reward, 378.
Appian, on new tribes (90), 57 f.;
reëlection of tribunes, 369;
liability of jurors for bribery, 378, n. 8;
lex Boria (?), 385;
 lex Livia iudiciaria, 398;
lex Cornelia Pompeia (88), 407;
election of senators, 418.
Appuleius Decianus, C., tribune (98), 323 f.
Appuleius Saturninus, L., weakens veto, 117;
interdicts Metellus, 257, n. 5;
murdered, 258 f., 396;
tribune (103, 100), 393-6.
Ἀρχαιρεσία, 406, n. 6.
Archives, for senatus consulta, 278 f.;
for statutes, 437 f., 465.
Ardea, disputes with Aricia, 294.
Ardeates, concilium of, 122.
Aricia, disputes with Ardea, 294.
Army, relation of to folk, 2, 35;
pre-Servian, 10 f., 35;
Servian, 58 ff., 66 ff., 72-6;
originally self-supporting, 61 f.;
not identical with comitia centuriata, 68;
Graeco-Italic, 69-71;
primitive Roman, 69, n. 4;
like Athenian, 76;
post-Servian, 76-80;
supernumeraries in, 80-2;
early republican, 83 f.;
political importance of, 202.
Arpinates, receive suffrage, 352.
Arrogation, see Adrogatio.
As, sextantarian, 67, n. 4, 87, 213;
declines in value, 86 f.;
of ounce weight (uncial), 90, n. 4, 336;
semiuncial, 91, 403.
Assembly, German, 33, 153, n. 3, 168, 169, 170, 172;
Homeric Greek, 33, 153, n. 3, 168, 169, 170 f.;
European, 152, 168-73;
Athenian, 153, 168;
Alamannic, 153;
Irish, 153, n. 3, 172;
Slavic, 168, 172 f.;
Lacedaemonian, 168;
Celtic, 168, 170;
Etruscan, 169;
Italian, 171;
Frankish, 172.
Assembly, Roman, affected by omens, 109;
plebeian tribal, termed comitia, 120, 126-30;
three organized forms of, 138;
origin of, 152;
limited by senate in early republic, 273, 284;
development of voting in, 275 f.;
laws on, 307;
packing of, 405;
 see Comitia, Concilium, Contio.
Asylum, in theory of patrician state, 36 f.;
connection with tribunate, 265.
Ateste, law found at, 454, n. 3.
Atilius Calatinus, M., trial of, 247.
Atinius Labeo, C., tribune (131), 264, n. 8.
Atius Labienus, T., tribune (63), 435;
prosecutes Rabirius, 258.
Attus Navius, 101, n. 3, 105, n. 3.
Auctoritas, see Patrum auctoritas.
Auguraculum, 109, n. 7.
Augural districts, 108.
Auguria, 106.
Augurs, 105-8;
number and character, 105 f.;
functions, 106-8;
have nuntiatio, 111 f.;
attend comitia, 107, 112 ff.;
election of, 120, 391, 435;
in contiones, 146, n. 1;
increased to fifteen, 416.
Auspices, 100-18;
of Sodales Titii, 2, n. 6;
private, 100-3;
nuptial, 100, n. 4;
public, 100, 101, 103-18;
 impetrativa, 103-11;
assemblies requiring, 110 f.;
oblativa, 111-8;
spectio, 112 ff.;
under Aelian and Fufian laws, 116 f., 279 f., 358 f.;
misuse of, 117 f.;
essential to magistratus iustus, 187, n. 7;
borrowing of, 244, 245, 280, 315;
violated by consul, 248;
of first tribunician election, 263, n. 1;
support nobility, 330 f.
Auspicium, 100, 102 f.;
deputed, 104, 244, 245, 280, 315;
lex for, 179;
see Auspices.
Auxilium, tribunician, 253, 263, 414.
Aventine hill, 2, n. 6;
outside the Servian tribes, 59;
so-called lex Icilia for assignment of, 238, 265, n. 1, 272 f.

Bacchanalians, 254, n. 3.
Ballot, 467;
laws on, 359, 369, 371, 389 f.;
use of in quaestiones, 420;
in all comitia, 469;
boxes, 389, 467.
Belot, on ratings, 91-3.
Berns, on comitia and concilium, 126.
Bibulus, spectio of, 114, n. 9, 116, n. 1, 439.
Bill, see Rogatio.
Birds, auspices from, 108.
Bird-seer, 105, n. 1.
βουλή, 407.
Bribery, in trials, 378, 442;
of magistrates, 429 f.;
electoral, see Ambitus.

Caecilius Metellus, L., tribune (213), 318.

Caecilius Metellus, Q., censor (131), 264, n. 8.
Caecilius Metellus, Q., consul (60), 163.
Caecilius Metellus, Q., consul (57), 115.
Caecilius Metellus Numidicus, Q., prosecution of (100), 257, n.
5.
Caedes, see Murder.
Caeles Vibenna, 3.
Caelestia (auspicia), impetrativa, 108;
oblativa, 112;
de caelo servare, 114;
of Bibulus, 439.
Caelian hill, 3.
Caerite franchise, 38, n. 1.
Caerites, 62.
Caesetius Flavius, L., tribune (44), 324, 455.
Calabra, curia, 154, 468.
Calare, 153 f.
Calatores, 154.
Calendar, 470-2;
pontifical control of, 358.
Calumniator, Calumny, 400.
Camillus, see Furius Camillus.
Campanian land, vectigalia of, 337, 351, n. 5, 365 f., 373;
under lex Iulia, 439, 440.
Campanians, punished for revolt, 254, 340;
senatus consultum on, 353.
Campus Martius, meeting place of centuries, 108, 203, 469;
of tribes, 465;
president’s platform in, 109;
elections in, 115, 194, n. 2;
inauguration in, 156;
execution in, 258.
Candidacy, in absentia, 436 f., 449;
see Ambitus.
Cannae, effect of disaster at, 343.
Capital punishment, under kings, 182, 239 f.;
voted by centuries, 240 ff., 286 f.;
in early republic by curiae and tribes, 266-9;
abolished by lex Porcia, 250 f.;
avoided by exile, 344;
 see Appeal.
Capite censi, 89, 394.
Capitoline hill, 2;
beyond Servian tribes, 59;
auspication on, 109, 154;
comitia tributa on, 465;
curiata on, 468.
Capua, plan to colonize, 373, 382, n. 9;
lex Iunia on, 410.
Carpenters, in comitia centuriata, 206.
Carthage, colonization of, 383, 385.
Cassius, Sp., 238, 244, 310.
Catiline, 437.
Cato the Elder, see Porcius, M., the Elder.
Cato the Younger, 111, 126.
Cattle, standard of value, 269, 287.
Caudium, effect of defeat at, 302 f.
Cavalry, see Equites.
Celeres, 73.
Censi, 90, n. 5.
Censoriae Tabulae, 67, 85, 204.
Censors, make up tribes, 60;
relation to aerarii, 60, 62, 64 f.;
instituted, 79, 234, 237;
auspices of, 103;
auspicate lustral comitia, 111;
 preside over contio, 141;
inspect arms, 204;
election of, 229;
centuriate sanction, 237;
laws on, 237, 300, 307;
grant citizenship, 283, 304;
prosecution of, 318;
reëlection forbidden, 332;
limited by comitia, 337;
supervise morals, 332, 337, 428;
tribunes interfere with, 351, n. 5;
assign seats to senators, 356 f.;
let out taxes of Asia, 380;
stigma of, 445, 450, n. 2.
Census, connection of with tribes, 50, 54, 59;
money valuation in, 65;
instituted, 53, 68, n. 7, 76;
Greek, 71;
post-Servian, 77;
object of, 204;
after reform, 216;
under lex municipalis, 457.
Centuria procum (patricium), 67, n. 3, 75, n. 1;
of the tardy, 208, 226.
Centuriate organization, Fabius on, 52 f., 67;
Livy and Dionysius on, 66, 68;
 Servian, 72-6;
post-Servian, 76-80, 201 ff.;
see Comitia centuriata.
Centuries, 66 ff.;
number of, in classes, 66, 76 f.;
in the classis, 73, 76;
in post-Servian phalanx, 76 f.;
in fifth rating, 77;
supernumerary, 80-82, 205-9, 224;
of juniors, 82 f., 205;
of seniors, 205;
after reform, 216 ff.;
increased, 219 ff.;
see Comitia centuriata.
Centurions, in comitia centuriata, 211;
in jury service, 458.
Ceres, connection of with plebeian organization, 264, n. 7;
forfeiture of estates to, 267, 274;
senatus consulta in temple of, 278 f., 465, n. 2.;
Priestesses of granted citizenship, 353.
Chalkidae, an Attic gens, 28.
Chariot, in war, 69, 74.
Χειροτονία, 406, n. 6.
Chicken auspices, 107, 118, n. 2.
Cicero, on early Roman history, 26;