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The Project Gutenberg eBook of Billiards
 This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United
States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away
or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License
included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you
are not located in the United States, you will have to check the
laws of the country where you are located before using this
eBook.

Title: Billiards

Author: William Broadfoot

Contributor: Archibald H. Boyd

Sydenham Dixon
William Justice Ford
Dudley David Pontifex
Reginald Henry Rimington Rimington-Wilson
Russell D. Walker

Illustrator: Lucien Davis

Release date: June 11, 2022 [eBook #68289]

Language: English

Original publication: United Kingdom: Longmans, Green and co,

1896

Credits: Richard Tonsing and the Online Distributed

Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file
was produced from images generously made available
by The Internet Archive)

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BILLIARDS

***
Transcriber’s Note:
The cover image was created by the transcriber
and is placed in the public domain.
 The Badminton Library

OF

SPORTS AND PASTIMES

EDITED BY

HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF BEAUFORT, K.G.

ASSISTED BY ALFRED E. T. WATSON

BILLIARDS
A Screw Losing Hazard.
 BILLIARDS

BY
MAJOR W. BROADFOOT, R.E.
WITH CONTRIBUTIONS BY
A. H. BOYD, SYDENHAM DIXON, W. J. FORD, DUDLEY D.
PONTIFEX, RUSSELL D. WALKER, & REGINALD H. R.
RIMINGTON-WILSON

ILLUSTRATED by LUCIEN DAVIES, R.I., and from PHOTOGRAPHS also by

numerous Diagrams and Figures

LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO.

LONDON AND BOMBAY
1896

All rights reserved

 DEDICATION
TO
H.R.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES

Badminton: May 1885.

Having received permission to dedicate these volumes, the

Badminton Library of Sports and Pastimes, to His Royal
Highness the Prince of Wales I do so feeling that I am dedicating
them to one of the best and keenest sportsmen of our time. I can say,
from personal observation, that there is no man who can extricate
himself from a bustling and pushing crowd of horsemen, when a fox
breaks covert, more dexterously and quickly than His Royal
Highness; and that when hounds run hard over a big country, no
man can take a line of his own and live with them better. Also, when
the wind has been blowing hard, often have I seen His Royal
Highness knocking over driven grouse and partridges and high-
rocketing pheasants in first-rate workmanlike style. He is held to be
a good yachtsman, and as Commodore of the Royal Yacht Squadron
is looked up to by those who love that pleasant and exhilarating
pastime. His encouragement of racing is well known, and his
attendance at the University, Public School, and other important
Matches testifies to his being, like most English gentlemen, fond of
all manly sports. I consider it a great privilege to be allowed to
dedicate these volumes to so eminent a sportsman as His Royal
Highness the Prince of Wales, and I do so with sincere feelings of
respect and esteem and loyal devotion.

BEAUFORT.
BADMINTON
 PREFACE

A few lines only are necessary to explain the object with which
these volumes are put forth. There is no modern encyclopædia to
which the inexperienced man, who seeks guidance in the practice of
the various British Sports and Pastimes, can turn for information.
Some books there are on Hunting, some on Racing, some on Lawn
Tennis, some on Fishing, and so on; but one Library, or succession of
volumes, which treats of the Sports and Pastimes indulged in by
Englishmen—and women—is wanting. The Badminton Library is
offered to supply the want. Of the imperfections which must be
found in the execution of such a design we are conscious. Experts
often differ. But this we may say, that those who are seeking for
knowledge on any of the subjects dealt with will find the results of
many years’ experience written by men who are in every case adepts
at the Sport or Pastime of which they write. It is to point the way to
success to those who are ignorant of the sciences they aspire to
master, and who have no friend to help or coach them, that these
volumes are written.

To those who have worked hard to place simply and clearly before
the reader that which he will find within, the best thanks of the
Editor are due. That it has been no slight labour to supervise all that
has been written, he must acknowledge; but it has been a labour of
love, and very much lightened by the courtesy of the Publisher, by
the unflinching, indefatigable assistance of the Sub-Editor, and by
the intelligent and able arrangement of each subject by the various
writers, who are so thoroughly masters of the subjects of which they
treat. The reward we all hope to reap is that our work may prove
useful to this and future generations.
THE EDITOR.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
Introduction 1

I. History of Billiards 6
By Sydenham Dixon.

II. Implements 55
By Archibald Boyd.

III. Elementary: One-ball Practice 104

With Memorandum by Dudley D. Pontifex.

IV. Motion, Impact, and Division of Balls: Two-ball

Practice 130

V. Plain Strokes, Winning and Losing Hazards,

Cannons: Three-ball Practice 142

VI. On the Rotation of Balls 189

VII. Miscellaneous Strokes 215

VIII. The Spot Stroke 264

IX. Safety and Baulk Play 283

X. Breaks 300
With Memoranda by Archibald Boyd and R. H. R. Rimington-Wilson.

XI. The Championship and the Three-inch Pocket Table 362

With Memorandum by Russell D. Walker

XII. The Rules of the Game of Billiards 374

XIII. Pyramids, Pool, and Country-House Games 387

By W.J. Ford
 XIV. Miscellaneous Notes 436

Index 447
 ILLUSTRATIONS

(Reproduced by the Swan Electric Engraving Co.; Walker &

Boutall; P. Naumann, and G. H. Ford)
 PLATES

ARTIST
A Screw Loser Lucien Davis. Frontispiece

Choosing a Cue „ „ To face p. 48

Preliminaries „ „ „ 108

Opening The Game „ „ „ 133

A Disputed Score „ „ „ 148

In or out of Baulk „ „ „ 190

The Long Rest „ „ „ 264

A Serious Game: Nursing the Balls „ „ „ 300

A Difficult Stroke „ „ „ 362

Are They Touching „ „ „ 386

A Ladies’ Battle „ „ „ 440

ILLUSTRATIONS IN TEXT

PAGE
Mr. Samson’s Sections of a Billiard-room 64, 65

An Outside Billiard-Room 103

Stringing. 106

An Easy Attitude 107

The Bridge 109

Using the Rest 113

The Bridge (bouclée) 129

Instead of Long Rest 148

High Bridge for a Cramped Stroke 188

A Push Stroke 225

A Push (bouclée) 232

The Leap or Jump Stroke 252

When Player’s Ball is near a Cushion 263

Preparing to play behind the Back: the right way 314

Preparing to play behind the Back: the wrong way 324

A Nursery 349

Playing behind the Back 360

A Winning Game 437

BILLIARDS
 INTRODUCTION

Justification for the appearance of a volume on the game of

billiards as it is played early in 1896 is ample, for no treatise or
manual exists in which modern developments are considered.
Though this is so, it does not follow that the instruction in older
works is unsound; much may be learnt from some of them, specially
about plain practice strokes, but the science of playing breaks has
been completely changed since they were published. If, however,
further warrant were needed, it is supplied in the neglect of most
players, whether professional or amateur, of elementary facts
concerning the motion of balls on a table; and this, though
ameliorated as regards professional players by constant practice and
observation, obstructs both classes more than they think in the race
for distinction. The best French players, from whom we have much
to learn, recognise that the closer and more intelligent the study of
the game, and the more nearly the implements reach perfection, the
nearer do scientific theory and actual practice conform. Hence in this
book considerable space is devoted to matters which may seem
elementary and self-evident, but which are really the bases of sound
knowledge, and of which amateurs (for whom the volume is
primarily written) are for the most part completely ignorant. When
the behaviour of a ball under various influences is described
endeavour is made to use the simplest language; mathematical terms
not generally understood are as far as possible avoided.
Several matters of importance to the game and in need of reform
are discussed, the opinions of experts, amateur and professional,
being occasionally quoted; sometimes opposite views are stated, and
efforts are made to consider duly those of all shades.
It is usual, and most of the contributors have not failed to conform
to the fashion, to insist on the fact that more can be learnt from a