Pi INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS AND PREVENTION SYSTEMS P. Raja abhilash. M.Pharm. (Ph.D.) Assistant professor cs - S.R. college of phramacy. Te el v-lECONTENTS INTRODUCTION WHAT ARE INDUSTRIAL HAZARD GENERAL HAZARDS IN INDUSTRIES ) Fire accidents MM Coietn cet Opa tectetet d) Chemical and Pharmaceutical Beene yas IMAGES FOR UNDERSTANDING BETTER INDUSTRIAL SAFETY CONCLUSION REFERENCESINTRODUCTION HAZARD is a situation that posses a level of threat to life, Peni re srsm@ememanconaiten INDUSTRIAL HAZARD may be defined as any condition Pretettcce Nan Ute Comi tant nmetecn nny tamomelett nC Peet Reis er tom cer tases terstcnaa YU SIOM MRT CR Cre nm eevee icctereColnn Teor CeaeCeett hace cena risk or injury or loss . INDUSTRIAL SAFETY refers to the protection of workers from the danger of industrial accidents .WHAT ARE INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS? ™ Physical --noise,vibration, heat, cold,pressure, radiation, fibres,... ™ Chemical — flammable/explosive materials, toxics, sensitising agents. ™ Biological — dust , pathogens ™ Psyhological — work place practices & systems, payment systemsGENERAL HAZARDS IN INDUSTRIES = FIRE HAZARDS ™ MECHANICAL HAZARDS ™ ELECTRICAL HAZARDS ™ CHEMICAL HAZARDS ™ PHARMACEUTICAL HAZARDS ™ RADIATION HAZARDS ™ DUST EXPLOSIONFIRE HAZARDS eee Renee ieee tence are tate nicer near en pats) rene Slow combustion eg: cotton waste burning Rapid combustion eg: petroleum product Spontaneous combustion eg: paint, scrap The effect of fire on people take the form of skin burns Sacre TRC RCC TOC UCNT cent es COM nM TS TTC TM [om TICS TeCeT FincecdersteMereyt Tintea fe tres Reseersnite neve teltiatess SOSSOURCES OF FIRE HAZARDS Hot surfaces Combustible and flammable liquids Heat utilization equipments (over heating) Chemical process equipments Lightening Gas cylinders Ovens and furnaces ster Teacely Welding and cutting Spark from metal to metal contact CarelessnessSOURCES OF FIRE HAZARDS Sree tatters Combustible and flammable liquids Heat utilization equipments (over heating) Cerone bree nents sore cont fererongiiters Ovens and furnaces Teor Welding and cutting Spark from metal to metal contact LeroiMECHANICAL HAZARDS Occurs due to: Large number of equipments Crowded work place conditions Frequent interaction between worker and equipment Insecurely fixed machines Failure of SOP Dangerous Parts Negligence = . = . ™ Worn and teared parts = . i ™ Improper maintenance of equipment Most common in metal industries and construction sites.Factors responsible are: ™ PHYSICAL — Physical capability of worker may not meet the job requirement. ™ PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS: a) Age b) Sex c) Time d) ExperienceSafety measures for Mechanical hazards ™ All machinery must be fenced or mechanical Seto teTurn key system for cleaning and for repairing. i CO Tice MN ot en coum eCelt Cem cem nen ice kre LO eloe-1 em MICA CoR- RTH CMOD ICHMT ene mt NCMm eaten ELCn Strictly following SOP. Stop and lock button for machines.PREVENTIVE MEASURES __ OQ BUILDING PLANNING : er -- Floors must be non slippery type id -- Enough space to move easily -- Easy access of workers to the safety Salve ster QO SAFE MATERIAL HANDLING : --All material handling equipments should be repaired and maintained properly.Q PERSONNEL PROTECTIVE DEVICES: -- Protection of head by using hard hats and helmets -- Ears by using ear muffs and plugs -- Face by using face masksELECTRICAL HAZARDS ™ Electricity is the flow of electrons through a substance which allows transfer of electrical energy from one position to another. How Shocks occur? Current Level Probable Effect on Human body TenvN Slight tingling sensation San Sree eee (O oe CU Reet 6-30 mA LTRS ere em Eee Oe 50-150 mA Stress ne eee e Pit Rie teeter Rete tect Toe SOON Neon eee Ceeo ee m aces Lets occur. Death is most likely. 10,000 mA Cardiac arrest, severe burns and probable CreuELECTRICAL HAZARDS ™ Electricity is the flow of electrons through a substance which allows transfer of electrical energy from one position to another. How Shocks occur? Cora ere Oe EOL ny ear Slight tingling sensation. SEN Slight shock felt; not painful but disturbing, 6-30 mA PTI S tere Senet CET se 50-150 mA Poe eee eS Tete eon Piers rmeen thee trent Ree Te eno TO RIOT Niet eigen tere en eters rca ems Bye ENE CONTEC KY 10,000 mA Cardiac arrest, severe burns and probable ereSafety Measures for electrical hazards BBY Fea MTU CoN Zoe Implement a safe electrical work program (Oo arom uveluaoe-laetae Use protective equipment LOCA eTenb lero elroy Recheck the equipment everyday Heat producing electrical equipment Overhead electrical wire should have extra care Recheck the lines everyday Proper training to workersPREVENTIVE MEASURES ™ Proper maintenance of wiring and equipments. ™ High voltage equipments should be properly enclosed. ™ Indication of danger sign at every high voltage terminal. ™ Safe work project ™ Insulation, guarding , grounding, electrical protective devices.™ Worker should avoid working with the equipment in wet clothes and shoes. = Water supply should be far away from electrical circuits.CHEMICAL HAZARDS ™ Chemical hazards are: - Toxic - Corrosive - Irritant - Carcinogenic - Flammable - Mutagenic™ Chemical reactions may get out of control due Keys -Wrong raw materials -Raw materials with impurities -Changed operating conditions -Time delay -Equipment failureDUST EXPLOSION The term dust is used if the maximum particle size of the solids in the mixture is S00 mm . Dust explosion is a rapid combustion of a dust cloud. Drying, milling and blending operations generate atmospheric and fugitive dust emissions. During wet granulation, compounding and tablet coating, hazardous air pollutants may be released to the atmosphere or in the workplace as process or fugitive emissions.