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 11 jk fjΩu - 03-04 l,dm udkj iudcfha NdIKh uq,ska u ìys jQ nj;a
ISSN 2279-2120 f,aLk jHjydr NdIKh mokï lr .ksñka thg
fndfyda ld,hlg miqj ìys jQjla nj;a jd.aúoHd{fhda
© cd;sl mqia;ld, yd m%f,aLk fiajd uKav,h yd NdId úYdrofhda fmkajd fo;s' fï u;h ;yjqre
WmfoaYl;ajh lsÍu i|yd m%d.a ft;sydisl f,ka is;=jï we;=¿
uydpd¾h kkao O¾ur;ak mqrdúoHd;aul idOl fidhd .ekSu o ÿIalr fkdfõ' YS%
iNdm;s ,xldfõ n%dyaó wlaIr ud,dj yd f,aLk l,dj wdrïN
ví,sõ' iqks,a jQfha ljr od o flfia o hkak ms<sn|j ksYaú; u;hla
wOHlaI ckrd,a mqrdúoHd{hka yd NdId úYdrohka w;r fkdue;'
fiakdks nKavdr jxYl:dfõ f,aLk l,dj ms<sn|j uq,skau i|yka
wOHlaI jkafka ls%'mQ' 6 jeks ishjfia Èjhsfka Wmksjdi msysgqjd
.;a úch l=ure ms<sn| mqjf;ah'
ixialrKh
icka;s fndamsáh wd.ñl lD;s" NdId" idys;H" ffjoH Ydia;%h"
m%ldYk ks,Odß hka;% uka;%" m%nkaO isß;a úß;a yd W;aij" kS;sh"
iïnkaëlrKh fj<|du yd rdcH md,kh we;=¿ úúO úIh lafIa;%j,g
u,sla pñkao O¾uj¾Ok wh;a mqiafld< fmd;a rdYshla rpkd lr we;' fuu
iyldr wOHlaI .%ka: iuld,Sk úydria:dkj, yd mqia;ld,hj,;a
;ekam;a lr mßyrKh lr ;sfí' ,xldfõ mqiafld<
NdId ixialrKh yd fidaÿm;a ne,Su
Y%Skd;a .fKaj;a; fmd;a yd ,sms úYd, m%udKhla úfoaYSh fl!;=ld.drj,
yd mqia;ld,j,o ;ekam;a lr ;sfí'
msgqjeiqï ksuejqu$msgq ie,iqu
tu fmd;am;a ,sms f,aLk ish,a, u ms<sn|j fï
*diaÜ weâia ^m%hsjÜ& ,sñgâ jk f;la u úêu;a iïmQ¾K we.hSula lr ke;;a
m%ldYkh oekg fidhdf.k we;s mer‚ u mqiafld< fmd;a
m%ldYk yd .%ka: ixj¾Ok wxYh ls%'j' 13 jeks ishjig wh;a nj lsj yelsh' mqiafld<
cd;sl mqia;ld, yd m%f,aLk fiajd uKav,h fmd;aj, ld,ks¾Kh i|yd wod< l%ufõo Ndú; l<
wxl 14" ksoyia udj;" fld<U 07'
hq;=h' j¾;udkfha fYaIj we;s iuyr mqiafld< fmd;a
ÿrl:k( 011-2687583" 011-2698847-248
*elaia( 011-2687583 tl;=j,g ksis wjOdkh yd wdrlaIdj fkd,eîu
úoHq;a ,smskh( pub@mail.natlib.lk fya;=fjka úkdY fjñka mj;S' fï yd iïnkaO
fjí wvúh( www.natlib.lk idïm%odhsl ;dlaIKh yd ixialD;sl ls%hdldrlï
kqÿre wkd.;fha§ uq¿ukska u wfydais ù hkq
l,dmhl ñ,( re' 125'00
we;' fï ;;a;ajh ksid mqiafld< fmd;a ,sùfï yd
jd¾Isl odhl;ajh( re' 700'00
iq/lSfï mer‚ ;dlaIKh j¾;udk iudcfhys m%p,s;
lsÍu w;HjYH ù we;' tajd úNjuh whqßka Ndú; lsÍu
fplam;a yd uqo,a weKjqï(
iNdm;s"
ms<sn|j o h<s i,ld ne,Su isÿ l< hq;=h'
cd;sl mqia;ld, yd m%f,aLk fiajd uKav,h" fuu ;;a;ajfhys ,d mqiafld< fmd;a ,sùu yd
kug fhduq lrkak' ne÷Kq ;dlaIKh j¾;udk iudchg ,nd §u" mer‚
mqiafld< fmd;a ixrlaIKh yd j¾;udk cd;sl
uqøKh( ixj¾Ok ls%hdodufhys ,d tajd m%fhdackhg .ekSu
*diaÜ ms%kagß ^m%hsjÜ& ,sñgâ hk lreKq wka;¾.; jQ jHdmD;shla ieliSu w;sYhska
165" foajdkïmsh;siai udj;" fld<U 10' jeo.;a ls%hdud¾.hla jkq we;'

fuys m< jk ,sms ms<sn| j.lSu wod< f,aLlhka i;= fõ'

3
w;aje,

1' Y%S ,xldfõ jd¾;d jk foaYSh ffjoH mqiafld< .%ka: 3-

ffjoH veksiag¾ t,a' fmf¾rd
2' uykqjr iufha mqiafld< f,aLk iïmdokh iïnkaO 17
wd.ñl ixl,am
Yls, rdclreKd
3' pQ, idys;H iïm%odfha mqiafld< f,aLk 26
iór m%ix.
4' mqiafld<hg kj w¾:l:khla 32
wdpd¾h bIxL u,aisß
5' merKs ,xldfõ .%ka: ksIamdokh 45
iS' tï' Tiaáka o is,ajd
6' mqiafld<fmd;aj, Ndú; wlaIr 53
.,ajefõ úu,Lka;s ysñ
7' isxy, mqiafld< fmd;a kdudj,S iïmdokfha wdrïNh''' 62
nqoaêl fldakdr
8' mqiafld< fmd;a ixrlaIKfha yd wdrlaIKfha kQ;k Ndú;fhda 73
wdpd¾h Woh lírd,a
9' ixialrK Ys,am l%u 79
uydpd¾h ta' ù' iqrùr
10' w;a msgm;aj, mefkk f,aLl fodaI yd uQ, mdG 87
ixialrKfha § mdGdx;r ±laùfï jeo.;a lu
uydpd¾h r;akisß wrx.,
11' fmd;l j; 94

4
 Y%S ,xldfõ jd¾;d jk
foaYSh ffjoH mqiafld< .%ka:
Y%S ,xldfõ foa Y S h ffjoH idys ; H
m¾fhaIKfha uQ,dY% iïnkaOfhka
.fõIKhkays ks h ef<ñka Ydia ; S % h
wOHhkhka isÿ lsÍfï wNsreÑhla olajk
úoaj;=kayg mqiafld< .%ka: iïnkaOfhka
jk ;= , kd;a u l Ydia ; S % h úu¾Ykh
b;d m% f hda c kj;a fõ' foa Y S h ffjoH
idys;Hfha wm%lg f;dr;=re fukau idys;H
uQ ,dY%hhkays iqú fYaI ;d iïnkaOfhka
lrkq ,nk úu¾YkYS,S .fõIKhla yd
ixikaokd;aul wOHhkhla o we;=<;a
fldg Y%S ,xldfõ ffjoH mqiafld< .%ka:
5
.ek hï újrKhla fuys,d bÈßm;a flf¾'
mqrdK w;amg
s m;a yd mqi;a l ms<n
s |j yodrk
f,aLkfõoh (manuscriptology) wo f,dalfha
fnfyúka wjOdkhg ,laj we;s lafIa;%hla
fukau úoHd;aul wOHhkhkag n÷ka j
we;s úIhhla o fõ' w;amsgm;a tl;= lsÍu"
j¾.SlrKh" kdudj,S ieliSu" ld,ks¾Kh"
ixrlaIKh" wkqf,aLkh" ixialrKh wdÈ
lreKq ms<sn|j fuys§ yodrkq ,efí' ta
ta rgj,g wdfõ‚l ixialD;sh" wd.u"
l,dj" ffjoHl%u wdÈh yd ne÷Kq foaYSh
oekq u yd Ys , a m S h {dkh f,a L k.;
lsÍfï idïm%odhsl l%ufõohka iEu wdÈ
YsIagdpdrhla i;=ju ;snQ fyhska fun÷
lafIa;%hla iïnkaOfhka wjOdkh fhduq
lsÍug úoaj;=ka fm,ö we;'
wfma rfÜ mqiafld< fmd;a wdrlaId ù
;s n q f Ka fn!oa O is o a O ia : dkhka y s h'
úfYaIfhka u O¾u Ydia;%Sh
lghq ; = j , fndfyda fihs k a ks h e¿fKa
NslaIqkajykafia ùu;a" wfma rfÜ mer‚
wOHdmk flakøa h mkai, ùu;a thg fya;=
úh' fï wOHhkhg mdol jk" ixialD;sl
fomd¾;fïka;j = uÕska 1959 § m%ldYhg m;a
l< ,xldfõ mqiafld< fmd;a kdudj,sh
kï .%ka:fha m%:u yd oaú;Sh Nd.hkays
úydria:dk 1587l kduf,aLkhla oelafõ'
fuhska m%:u Nd.fha muKla we;=<;a jQ
mqiafld< fmd;a ixLHdj msgm;a 44"329ls'
fï ms < s n |j tys ixia l drl jQ ,xld
úYajúoHd,hSh mqi; a ld,fha Wmm%Odkj isá
fla' ã' fidauodi iQÍyq fufia i|yka lr;s'
—wmf.a kdudj,sh iïmdokh
lsÍug ,enqKq mqiafld< fmd;a ,ehsia;= o
fláfhka ye¢kaùu iqÿiq h' nqoaO ika;l
jia ; = j h" Oïu ika ; l jia ; = j h" ix>
ika;l jia;=j hehs úydr foam< ,ehsia;=j
fldgia ;=klska hqla;h' mqiafld< fmd;a
Oïu ika ; l jia ; = j g we;= < ;a fõ'
úydrdêm;Ska jykafia kula wmj;a ù
jod< miq wNskj úydrdêm;Ska jykafia
úydria:dkh Ndr .kafka foam<
,ehsia;=j uyd ix>hd jykafia yd odhl
Ndrldrd§ka uOHfhys lshjd tys we;s
wvqmdvq fidhd ne,Sfuka miqjh' ie,lsh
hq;= úydria:dkj, fï isß; oekqÿ mj;S'
uydNdrldr;= u df.a md,kh hgf;a
mj;sk úydria:dkhkays mqiafld< fmd;a
,ehsi; a j
= , msgm;a t;=udf.a ld¾hdxYfhys o
6
;ekam;a l< hq;=h' .%ka: kduh" msgm;a
.Kk" m;abre .Kk" jákdlu hkdÈ
úia;r fï ,ehsia;=j, i|yka fõ' fï
úydria:dkhka f.ka mqiafld< msgm;a
neyer f.k hEug myiq f jka bvla
fkd,efí' thska msgm;a wvq jqjfyd;a jyd
oek .; yelsh'˜
fï wkqj n,k l,ays ixialD;sl
fomd¾;fïka;=j uÕska m< lsÍug fhÿKq
kdudj,sfhys we;=<;a mqiafld< fmd;a
iïnka O fhka úuiS u la ls Í ug W;a i q l
ùu jeo.;a h ' fuu mq i a f ld< fmd;a
isxy, wl=rej,g wu;rj nqreu" ishï"
fou<" f;<s.=" u,hd,ï" kd.r" ldïfndac
wl=rej,ska ,sheù we;' tAjd w;r isxy,"
md,s" ixialD; NdId;%hg wh;a mqiafld<
fmd;a nyq,h' úIhhka jYfhka .;a l,
;% s m s g ld.; O¾uh" ffjoH" fcHdA ; s I "
idys;H yd NdId Ydia;%dÈ úIhhkag wh;a
fõ' fuys § foaYSh ffjoH .%ka:hkays
kdudj,sh yd tajdfha ;;A;ajh ms<sn|j
úuid ne,Su jvd m%fhdackj;a fõ' tfy;a
fuu mqiafld< fmd;a fuu kdudj,sfha
i|yka ia:dkj, tf,iskau ksremøs;j
mj;skafkao hkak iel iys;h' tajdhska
fndfyduhla iajdNdúl fya;= ksid úkdY ù
fyda udkj l%shdjka fya;=fjka wia:dk.;
ù fyda we;ehs wkqudk l< yelsh' fidauodi
uy;d f.a jokaj,ska fmfkkqfha o tu
wjodku tod isgu mej;s njhs'
—wmf.a ia j dóka jyka f ia , d b;d
Nla;Hdorfhka mqiafld< fmd;a wdrlaId
lrk neúka úydr mq i a ; ld,hka f .ka
mqiafld< fmd;a ke;s jkafka l,d;=rlsks'
we;eï mçjrekg o we;eï m%N+jrekg o
.%k:a ixfYdaOkh i|yd fmd;a .=,ja ,ska ÿka
w.kd mqiafld< msgm;a wdmiq fkd,enqKq
nj mkai,aj,ska wikakg ,efí' iqÿiq
md,lhl= fkdue;slñka" wiu.slï yg
.ekSfuka" fidri;=re Wjÿre;a fõhka
óhka wdÈ i;=kaf.ka" jeiaig mskakg
f;;a ùfuka yd fjk;a wNd.H iïmkak
fya ; + k a ks i d o mq i a fld< fmd;a j ,g
w,dNydks meñfKa' fï fya;= ksid isÿ
jQ w,dN ydks yd wvq mdvq ta mqiafld<
fmd;a kdu f,a L kj,u úydrdêm;S k a
jykafia,d igyka fldg ;n;s˜ ^,xldfõ
mqiafld< fmd;a kdudj,sh( m%:u Nd.h
1959" vii msgqj&' wfma úydria:dk fï oekqï
iïNdrhg fld;rï /ljrKhla ù oehs
fuhska fmfka'
wdhq ¾ fõofha jDoa O ;% h h f,is k a
ie,flk prl" iqY%e;" jd.aNg hk ixys;d
wfma foa Y S h ffjoH .% k a : j, Ydia ; % S h
wdNdihg fnfyúka odhl ù ;sfí' tfy;a
ta w;=frka prl ixys;dj fyda tys ikakhla
fyda ,xldfõ jd¾;d jk mqiafld< fmd;a
w;r olakg fkd,eîu iqúfYaI ldrKhls'
foa Y S h ffjoH .% k a : hka y s i|yka jk
wdhq¾fõodj;rK m%jD;a;sfhys mjd iqY%e;
ms < s n |j úkd prl ms < s n |j i|ykla
fkdue;' ta kuq ; a prl ixys ; dfjka
Wmqgd.;a Ydia;%Sh lreKq yd T!IO fhda.
foaYSh ffjoH .%ka:hkays nyq,h' wfma
foaYSh ffjoH idys;Hfha uq,au lD;sh
fia ie,flk ls%'j' 4 jk ishjfia §
muK nq o a O odi rcq úis k a ,s h k ,oehs
ms < s . efkk idrd¾: ix.% y hg prl
ixys;dfõ we;eï fldgia tf,iskau msúiS
we;' bkaÈhdkq foaYmd,k iïnkaO;d"
fjf<| lKavdhï iy wd.ñl iïm%odhj,
n,mEu ksid prl ixys;dj wkqrdOmqr
hq.fha § u fï rfÜ m%p,s; jkakg we;ehs
is;sh yelsh' fï yryd Ydia;%Sh yqjudre ùï
yd fnodyod .ekSï fkd;sfnkakg we;ehs
7
is;sh fkdyelsh'
ta wkqj iuld,Sk bkaÈhdkq Ydia;%Sh
iïm% o dh wfma rfÜ ffjoH l% u j,g
wod< nqoaê m%Ndj iy Ydia;% YslaIKh
fj; n,mEula l< nj ks . ukh l<
yels h ' l% s ' j' 4 jeks is h ji jk úg
idrd¾: ix.%yh jeks ffjoH .%ka:hla
ixialD; NdIdfjka rpkd lsÍug ;rï
NdId {dkhla ;s î fuka fmfkkq f ha
prl ixys;dj fyda wfkl=;a ixialD;
uQ, .%ka: fyda Ndú; lsÍfï ndOdjla
fkd;sìh yels njh' zixialD; iqY%e;
ixys;djZ fnkaf;dg hd;%duq,af,a jkjdi
rdcuyd úydrh" WKjgqk mS,af,af.dv
ffp;Hd,xldr uyd úydrh" .d,a, ng¥fõ
mQ¾jdrduh hk fmd;a.=,aj, ;sfnk nj
i|yka h ' zwiïmQ ¾ K iq Y % e ; ika k hla Z
le,‚fha úoHd,xldr msßfjfka we;s njla
fmfka' iqY%e; ixys;dfjka Wmqgd.;a foa
tf,iska .;a nj i|yka j we;af;a fNaiÊc
u[acQidfõ h' tkhska n,k l, iqY%e;
ixys;dj ms<sn|j furg ffjoHjreka ;=<
b;du f.!rjhla ;snQ nj fmfka'
.d,af,a fnda.y f.dve,af,a iqo¾Yk
mrudkkao mqrdK úydrfhka zwIagdx.
ix.%yZ msgm;la jd¾;d fõ' fuh ,shQ
jd.aNgdpd¾hhkaf.a iShd o jd.aNg kñka u
m%isoaO h' fu;=ud o ffjoHjrhl= njg
ms < s . efka ' tkuq ; a jd.a N g kdufhka
m%isoaOj we;af;a jDoaO jd.aNgf.a uqkqmqrd jQ
wIagdx. ix.%yfha l¾;D jd.aNg;=udhs' fï
jd.aNg ;=udf.a fojk lD;sh jQfha wIagdx.
yDoh ixys;dj fõ' zjd.aNghZ kñka m%lg
jQfha ta .%ka:hhs' 1964 § wd¾' nqoaOodi iQÍka
w;ska isxy,hg fmr¿Kq fuu .%k: a h rdcH
NdId fomd¾;fïka;=j uÕska m< lrk ,È'
wdpd¾h jd.aNg 6 jeks ishjfia úiQ nj
ms<s.;a u;hhs' ,dxlsl ffjoH iudcfha
w;suy;a .re irejg n÷ka jQ ixys;dj
fuh hehs lsjfyd;a ksje/Èh' fNaiÊc
u[a c Q i dj nyq , j u i|yka lrkq f ha
zjd.aNghZ ms<sn|jhs' ta zndygZ kñks'
ndyg hkq jd.aNg hkafka m%lD; rEmhhs'
,>q ; % h hg wh;a udOj ks o dkh
hkq frda. úksYaphg wod< b;d jákd
ixialD; wdhq¾fõo .%ka:hls' wfma rfÜ
fmd;a.=,aj, udOj ksodk msgm;a 36la
muK ola k g ,efí' ths k a 7la muK
wiïmQ ¾ K h' udOj ks o dk ika k 6la
muK o udOj ksodk idrh kñka msgm;a
93la o jd¾;d fõ' wNs k j udOjh 15
jeks is h jfia § muK rdc .= r e lú
pkaø mç;=ud w;ska ixialrKh jQ udOj
ksodkhu h' udOj ksodkh uE; hq.fha §
ngqjka;=vdfõ mç;=ud úiska isxy,hg
fmr<k ,ÿj m< úK' 1984 § muK
mKaä; wd¾hodi l=udrisxy uy;d /iehQ
l=udrfla,S jHdLHdj iys; isxy,dkqjdoh
wdhq ¾ fõo fomd¾;fïka ; = j uÕs k a m<
lrkq ,eîh' zwNskj udOjZ kñka jk
kj udOjh fyj;a rdc.=re lúpkaøhkaf.a
ixialrKh fmardfo‚h úYajúoHd,hSh
mqia;ld,fhka o wUl|fmd< .fKalkao
rdcuyd úydria : dkfhka o hkq f jka
mqiafld< msgm;a ;=kla yuq ù we;'
,>q ; % h fha wfkl= ; a fmd;la jk
zYd¾x.Or ixys;djZ kñka jd¾;d jkqfha
n,msáfha je,sf;dg wïnrelaLdrdufha we;s
mqiafld< msgm;la mu‚' ,>q;%hhg wh;a
Ndjm%ldY ks>Kavqj fyj;a Ndjm%ldYh
jkdys 16 jeks is h jfia § ldkHdl= í c
foa Y fha Wmka NdjñY% mçjrhd úis k a
,shk ,o lD;shls' wfma rfÜ jd¾;d ù we;s
mqiafld< fmd;a w;r Ndjm%ldYfha msgm;a
8
yuq fkdùu .eg¨jls'
oUfo‚ hq . hg wh;a " md,s f hka
,shejqKq tlu fjofmd; jk fNaiÊc
u[a c Q i dj ms g m;a 38la muK mka i ,a
fmd;a .=,aj,ska fidhd f.k we;' 1734 È
je,súg irKxlr ysñhka w;ska ,shjqKq fuu
ikakfha msgm;a 30la muK úúO úydria:dk
fmd;a.=,aj, we;' 1962 § m< jQ fla' ã'
fidau;s,l ixialrKhg mdol ù we;af;a
khsfj, úydrfha msgm;hs' 1967 § uqøKh jQ
úf,a f .dv O¾ulS ¾ ;s Y% S Oïudkka o
ixialrKh l¿;r mq,sk;,drdufha yd
lyfõ iriSy uyskaodrdufha mqiafld<
fmd;a weiqfrka nj tys ix{dmkfhys
i|ykah' tfiau fyaiÊc u[acQid .egmo
ikakhla n,msáh wïnrelaLdrdufhka
yuq ù ;s f í' fya i Êc u[a c Q i d Ndj
ikakh kñka mqiafld< fmd;a folla
WKjgqk iqo¾Ykdrduh iy n,xf.dv
m% s h do¾Ykdrduh hk úydria : dkj,s k a
jd¾;d fõ'
idrd¾: ix.%yh hkq fï rfÜ m%:u
ffjoH .% ka : h f,i ie,fla ' tkñka
,shejqKq uykqjr hq.hg wh;a nqoaO mo
j¾Kkdjla o we;' fuh 1718 § je,súg
irKxlr ys ñ hka w;s k a is x y,fhka
,shejqKq lD;shls' wfma rfÜ mqiafld<
fmd;a kdudj,sfha fuh fjka fldg olajd
we;s w;r zidrd¾: ix.%yhZ hgf;a msgm;a
100lg wdikak ixLHdjla úúO m<d;aj,
úydria : dkj,s k a jd¾;d ù we;' fuu
kdudj,sfha fojk ldKavfha zidrd¾:
ix.%yhZ hgf;a jryka ;=< zfjo fmd;Z
hkak fhdod fjfiiska olajd we;' fuu
ms g m; udrmk Ydia f ;% d a o h ms ß fjks k a
yuq ù we;' fuu .%ka:hg ,shQ ikakhla
^jridrd¾: ix.%yh@& ueoj, w;a;r.u
rdcuyd úydrfha ^fmd;a . = , a ud,s . h&
fmd;a.=f,ka ,eî we;s nj fmfka' zidrd¾:
ix.%y ks>Kavj
q ˜ kñka isxy, lú fmd;la o
WKjgqfka iqkkaodrdu úydrfhka jd¾;d
jk kuq ; a th fjofmd;la o hka k
fkdmeyeÈ,sh'
ffjoHl idrd¾: ix.% y h cd;s l
fl!;=ld.dr fomd¾;fïka;j = uÕska 1987 §
m%ldYhg m;a lrkq ,eîh' tys isxy,dkqjdoh
mKaä; wd¾hodi l=udrisxy iQÍkaf.ah' tys
ix{dmkfha i|yka whqßka tu m%ldYk
ld¾hh i|yd uq,a .%ka:fha w;a msgm;a
fidhd f.k we;af;a ia:dk lsysmhlsks'
tajd kï fl!;=ld.drfhka ,;a w;a msgm;"
fo‚ms á fha fjo mrmq f ¾ w;a ms g m;"
WKjgqfka fjofialr mrmqf¾ w;a msgm;"
mems<shj, lsßjfKa fjoeÿre hQ' ã' mshisxy
uy;df.ka ,;a w;a msgm;" m%dKdpd¾h ã'
fld,aúka fiakdr;ak uy;df.ka ,;a w;a
msgm;" .ïmy isoOa dhq¾fõo úoHd,hfha w;a
msgm; fõ' óg fmr 1922 § ffjoHdpd¾h
mS' iS' .=Kfialr uy;d úiska lrk ,o
idrd¾: ix.%yfha msgq 288ls' fujr th
msgq 1200lg wdikakh' fuys uq,a msgm;a
uq¿ Èjhsfka u we;af;a iaj,amhla nj
l=udrisxy uy;d uq, §u i|yka lrhs' tfia
kï mqiafld< fmd;a kdudj,sfha oelafjk
msgm;a úYd, m%udKh fuu fmd; úh
fkdyelso@
oUfo‚ hq.fha § ,shejqKq
fhda.d¾Kjh uq,au isxy, fjo fmd; jk
w;r tys msgm;a 13la yd wiïmQ¾K msgm;a
folla úydr fmd;a .=,aj,ska jd¾;d ù we;'
;j o fhda.d¾Kdj ikakhla udjke,af,a
iq k ka o drdufhka yuq ù ;s f nhs ' fï
fhda.d¾Kjh 1963 § lsßwe,af,a [dKúu,
ys ñ hka úis k a ilia fldg m< lrk
9
,È' fjda m foa j ,s h Q Y;Ya f ,da l S kï
.% k a : fha ms g m;a lS m hla u wm rfgka
jd¾;d fõ' fuu l;= j rhd Yd¾x.Or
ixys;djg o wgqjdjla ,shd we;'
fyf;u fla Y j kï ffjoHjrhl= f .a
mq;%fhls' Y;Yaf,dalS .%ka:fha msgm;a 09la
muK úúO úydria : dkj,s k a jd¾;d
fõ' Y;Ya f ,da l S jHdLHdj kñka tla
ms g m;la n,ms á h wïnrela L drdufhka
yuq ù ;sfí' okaf.or chj¾Okdrduh"
me,au`vq,af,a mqrdK úydrh fuh yuqjQ
wfkla ia : dkhhs ' Y;Ya f ,da l S ika k h
msgm;a ;=kla fmardfo‚h úYajúoHd,h"
ks y s ¿ j ioa O ¾fuda o h ms ß fjka úydrh"
me,auvq,af,a mqrdK úydrh fmd;a.=,aj,ska
yuq ù we;'
fldaÜfÜ hq.hg wh;a fhda.
r;a k dlrh kï .oH ffjoH .% k a : fha
msgm;a 69la muK o wiïmQ¾K msgm;a
8la muK o úúO fmd;a.=,aj,ska yuq ù
we;' fhda.r;akdlr mod¾: kï mqiafld<
fmd;la ñoafo‚h chfndaê uyd úydrfhka
jd¾;d fõ' jrfhda.r;akdlrh hkq fuu
lD;sfhau uq,a .%k:
a hla o ke;fyd;a fuhu o
hkak meyeÈ,s fkdfõ' jrfhda.r;akdlr
kñka isxy, mqiafld< fmd;l msgm;a
04la yd wiïmQ ¾ K ms g m;a wm rfÜ
úydria:dkhkays ;sî yuq ù we;' fuhg
wu;rj jrfhda.r;akdlr ikak fmd;a
fnka.uqj fÉ;shlkaordrdufhka jd¾;d
fõ' 17 jk ishjig wh;a YS% fhda.r;akdlrh
o ol=Kq bka§h fhda.r;akdlrh o isxy,
fhda.r;akdlrh o fjka fjka lD;sh'
isxy, fhda.r;akdlrh 1897 § fodka fcda¾Ê
iur;=x. rkaÿkq uy;d m< lr we;' ixialD;
fhda.r;akdldrh kï mqiafld< fmd;la
jgoaor {dfkdaoh msßfjk" kdj,msáh Y%S
kd. fndaê úydrh" ud;f,a ;síngquq,af,a
úydrh" .d,a, mrudkkao úydrh" ó we,a,"
fudorjdk iqNødrduh" .fKaf.dv mqrdK
úydrh hk fmd;a.=,aj,ska jd¾;d ù ;sfí'
fhda.r;akdldrh kñka md,s mqiafld<
fmd;a msgm;a 4la o kdudj,sfha i|yka
fldg ;sfí'
jrfhda.idrh kï .%ka:fha
msgm;a 39la o wiïmQ¾K msgm;a myla o
mka i ,a fmd;a .= , a y s jd¾;d fõ' fuh
ls ß we,a f ,a [dKúu, ys ñ hka úis k a
1966 § m< lrk ,È' óg fmr 1944 §
l< uq ø Khla ms < s n |j is x y, idys ; H
jxYfha i|yka h ^666 ms ' &' jrfhda .
idr ikakh lE.,a, úY=oaOdrdufhka o
yla u k iq N ødrdufhka o" jrfhda .
ix.%yh ykafoiai ksl;ekak rdcuyd
úydrfhka o jrfhda . idrd¾:Ñka ; duŒ
kï fjofmd;la wU.iafodaj .fKa;ekak
mqrdK úydrfhka o jd¾;d fõ' óg wu;rj
jrfhda.r;akdj,sh kï Yaf ,dal iys;
fmd;la kEfndv .,af,k mqrdK úydrfha
;sfnk nj i|ykah' m%fhda.r;akdlrh
kï mqiafld< fmd;la uykqjr m%dÖk
mq i a ; ld,fhka jd¾;d jk w;r th
fhda.r;akdlrhu o hkq fidhd ne,Su
jeo.;ah' oUfo‚ hq.hg wh;a nj ie,flk
m%fhda.r;akdj,sfha msgm;la me,auvq,a,
mqrdK úydrfhka o jd¾;d fõ' l,jdk
;s,lr;akdrduh i;= m%fhda.r;akdj,sh
md,s fmd;la f,i olajd ;sfnk ksid th
ffjoH .%ka:hla o hkak fidhd ne,sh
hq;=h' m%fhda.d¾Kjh kï fmd;la udrmk
Ydiaf;%daoh msßfjka fmd;a.=f,ka jd¾;d
fõ' fuh fhda.d¾Kjhu o hkak úuish
hq;=h'
ffYf,a k a ø is x yhka f .a ffjoH
Ñka ; duŒ fNa I Êc ix.% y fha ika k h
10
jd¾;d jka f ka uykq j r is ß foa j ñ;a ;
mqia;ld,fha we;s tlu msgm; mu‚'
Èlaje,af,a jejqrelkak, rdcuydúydrfha
we;s njg i|yka jk ffjoH Ñka;duŒ
.% k a : h ika k h fkdfõ' th o tlu
ms g m;ls ' Y% S ùr mrdl% u kf¾ka ø is x y
rcq f .a w;a fjofmd; kñka mq i a f ld<
fmd;la udrmk Ydia f ;% d a o h ms ß fjfka
;sfí' fuu l;=jrhdu ,shQ jÜfgdare fjo
fmd; 1950 § weyef,afmd< w;afjo fmd;
kñka uq ø Khka m<jQ nj mq x ÑnKa v dr
ikakia., lshhs ^isxy, idys;H jxYh" 669
ms'&' tkuq;a weyef<afmd, wÈldrï;=udf.a
w;a fjofmd; kñka mqiafld< fmd;la
udrmk Ydia f ;% d a o h ms ß fjfkys we;s
ksid th ffYf,akaøisxyhkaf.a jÜfgdare
fjo fmd; yd jrojd .; hq;= fkdfõ'
fnfy;a fmd; kñka mq ia f ld< fmd;a
kdf.dv mqfKHdaohdrduh" iq,a;dkdf.dv
.=Kr;ak úfõldrduh" l=¿.ïuk rdcuyd
úydrh wdÈ fmd;a . = , a j , jd¾;d fõ'
fnfy;a jÜfgda r e fmd; kñka kñka
mqiafld< fmd;a lsysmhla o jd¾;d jk
w;r tajd o fujeks jÜfgdare fjofmd;a
.Khg wh;a fõ'
jÜfgdare fjofmd; kñka msgm;a
.oH yd moH mqiafld< fmd;a 32la muK
úúO úydria : dkj,s k a yuq j k w;r
yla u k iq N ødrdufhka ms g m;a 8la o
fírej, ffY,ìïndrdufhka msgm;a 7la o
;syf.dv lkafoj;a; úydrfhka msgm;a
5la o ówe,a, .fKaf.dv mqrdK úydrfhka
ms g m;a 4la o fo‚ms á h iq N ødrduh"
;x.,a, jkjdi l=vd úydrh" lUqremsáh
Y%S ksjidrduh hk fmd;a.=,aj,ska msgm;a
2 ne.ska o yuq ù ;sfí' zw;afí;a fmd;Z"
zmq r dK fjofmd;Z" zw;a f jofmd;Z wdÈ
kï hgf;a zjÜfgdare fjofmd;aZ 25la
muK úúO úydria:dkj,ska jd¾;d fõ'
lgqmsáfha h;s÷ kñka fí;a lú fmd;la
uykq j r jgrl mka i ,s k a jd¾;d fõ'
zjÜfgdare fjofmd;aZ l=¿.ïuk Y%S ksjdi
mqrdK rdcuyd úydrfhka msgm;a 11la
o fld<U úfoHdaoh msßfjfkka 12la o
ueoj, w;a;r.u rdcuyd úydrfhka 11la o
jd¾;d fõ' zi¾jdx. fjofmd;Z kñka
mqiafld< fmd;a msgm;a 30la muK o úúO
úydria:dk mqi;a ld,j,ska jd¾;d jk w;r
tajd fmdÿfõ .;a l, zjÜfgdare fjofmd;aZ
.Kfha ,d ie,ls h yels h' tfia u
zfjofmd;Z hk YS¾Ih hgf;a mqiafld<
fmd;a ms g m;a 100lg wêl ixLHdjla
fkdfhl= ; a mq i a ; ld,hj,s k a jd¾;d ù
;sfí' bka fndfyda fmd;aa .oH ffY,sfhka
,sheù we;' iuyr tajd meÈfhka ,shd ;sfí'
ixialD; fjofmd; kñka msgm;a
n,msáh Y%S rdyq, úydrh" b÷rej iqO¾udlr
msßfjk" f;,aj;a; iuriSy u;skaodrduh"
w;= r ,s h iq o ia i kdkka o úydrh" ud;r
fmd,a f ya f ka mq r dK úydrh" fojq k a o r
fndaUqf¾ mqrdK úydrh" ud;r ys;a;eáfha
rdcuyd úydrh hk fmd;a.=,aj, jd¾;d
fldg ;sfí' md,s fjofmd;la udrmk
Ydiaf;%daoh msßfjkska jd¾;d jk w;r
th fNaiÊc uxcQidj oehs fidhd ne,sh
hq ; = h ' je,s . u rdcl= , jvk rdcuyd
úydrfhka fou< fjofmd;la jd¾;d fõ'
f;,aj;a; iuriSy u;skaodrduh iy .d,a,
iqukdrduh hk fmd;a.=,aj,ska jd¾;d
jk ffNIcH o¾mK wldrdÈh" WKjgqk
ffp;Hd,xldr úydrh i;= ffNIcH
§msld" wl=/iai mrudkkao úydrfha ;sfnk
ffNIcH r;akdlrh kï .%ka: o" noafoa.u
Y%S mdo ffp;Hdrduh i;= NsI.ar;akh"
NsIlal,am,;d hk fmd;a o ixialD; ñY%
ffjoH Ydia;%Sh lreKq we;=<;a fmd;a
11
nj wkqudk l< yels h' fmardfo‚h
úYa j úoHd,fha ffNIcH r;a k ix.% y
ikak kñka mqiafld< fmd;la yuq fõ'
fNIÊc l,a m h kï lD;s f ha ms g m;a
24la wm rfgka yuq ù we;' thska tlla
wiïmQ¾Kh' fuu lD;shg ,shQ ikakhla
.% E ka â mdia y s ch;s , ldrdufhka yuq ù
we;' ;j o ffNIcHud,d kï .%ka:hl
tlu msgm; je,a,j;a; iqúY=oaOdrdufhka
jd¾;d fõ'
1798 § ,shjqKq fhda.odrKh kï fjo
lú fmd;ska msgm;a 32la yd wiïmQ¾K
msgm;la o Èjhsfka fmd;a.=,aj,ska yuq
fõ' óg wu;rj fhda.OdrK ikakh kï
lD;shla ñoafo‚h chuyfndaê úydrfhka
jd¾;d fõ' fhda . ms g lh me,a u vq , a f ,a
mq r dK úydrfhka o fhda . Ñka ; duŒ
jgoaor {dfkdaoh msßfjfkka o" fhda.
idrh fn,sw;a; wNhisß kdrdhKdrduh"
ùrleáh uQ,.sß úydrh" fudorjdk jdõfõ
mqrdK úydrh hk fmd;a.=,aj,ska o fhda.
uql; a dj,sh l¿;r lkafoa úydrh" WKjgqk
fia¨;a;rdrduh hk mkai,a fmd;a., = j
a ,ska o
yuqù ;sfí' fhda.uqla;dj,s Ndj ikak kï
fmd;la m,af,fndaj, fndaj, rdcuyd
úydrfhka yuq fõ' fhda . uq l a ; dj,s h
kï ixia l D; fmd;la lUq r ems á h Y% S
ksjidrdufhka o yuq jk ksid tu ikakh
thg wod< o hkak;a th fjofmd;la o
hkak;a fidhd ne,sh hq;=h' mqxv¨Th
fndaêrelaLdrdufhka fhda.r;akdj,sh kï
fmd;la yd noafoa.u wNskjdrdu fn!oaO
uOHia:dkfhka fhda.r;akh kï fmd;la
o yuqfõ'
uykqjr hq.fha È ,shjqKq wßIag
Y;lh kï jQ l=vd .%ka:fha msgm;a 16la
úúO m<d;a j , mka i ,a fmd;a . = , a j ,s k a
jd¾;d ù ;sfí' fuu wßIag Y;lhg isxy,
ikakhla uykqjr hq.fha §u ,shejqKq
nj isxy, idys;H jxYfha i|ykah ^498
ms'&' 1816 § muK ñfo,a,j fldard, kï
mrisÿ lsú÷ úiska fy< .Shg kÕk ,o
wßIag Y;lh wßIag ud,dj kï úh' wßIag
Y;l ikakh msgm;a 11la úydria:dk
fmd;a .= , a j ,s k a yuq fõ' ri ixys ; d
kï jQ .%ka:hl msgm;la jd¾;d jkafka
ud;r kd÷., iqO¾udrdu mqrdK msßfjka
fmd;a.=,a úydrfhks' fohshkaor lS¾;s Y%S
f;acjfrdardufhka yuq jk Niau úêh
kï mqiafld< fmd;a ri fjolug wh;a
fõ' weâjâf.a fjofmd; kñka mqiafld<
fmd;la mdKÿr ioaO¾fudaoh msßfjfkka
jd¾;d fõ'
ñfo,a,j fldard, w;ska fy< .Shg
ke`.=Kq wfkla fmd; fhda. Y;lhhs' th
fy<hg kÕd we;af;a fhda. ud,dj kñks'
fuys uq,a fmd; jk fhda. Y;lfha msgm;a
41la muK o wiïmQ¾K msgm;la o jd¾;d fõ'
fhda. Y;l mod¾: kï lD;shla fudrgqj
,la I m;s f ha la f Ia ; % d rdu úydrfhka o
fhda . Y;l jHdLHdk ms g m;a folla
ud;r fldáldf.dv rdcuyd úydrfhka o
fn,s w ;a ; WK mq r dK úydrfhka o
fidhdf.k we;' fhda . Y;l ika k
msgm;a 18la muK úúO m%foaYj,ska yuq
ù we;' fhda.r;ak ud,dfõ msgm;a 2la
m,a f ,fnda j , chj¾Okdrdufhka o
tl msgm;la .=kakEmdk fo.,afodrej
rdcuyd úydrfhka o jd¾;d fõ' jd;frda.
ksodk kï ixialD; isxy, ñY% fmd;la
wxf.dv .,ajdfka mqrdK úydrfhka o
jd;l¾u úê kï fmd;la uykq j r
wia.sß úydrfhka o jdÔlrK Ñls;aid
kñka mqiafld< fmd;la yevúkak mqrdK
úydrfhka o jd¾;d fõ'
12
wfma rfÜ fndfyda ffjoHjreka
w;r m%p,s; l=vd w;afmd;la jk
ffjoHd,xldrh kï lD;sfha msgm;a 10la
yd wiïmQ¾K tla msgm;la o jd¾;d ù
we;' fuhg ,shQ ikakfha msgm;a folla
n,msáh wïnrelaLdrdufha o fmardfo‚fha
úYa j úoHd,hS h mq i a ; ld,fha o we;'
fuhska miqj lshejqKq msgm; wiïmQ¾Kh'
ffjoHd,xldr ix.%yh kñka jQ .%ka:hl
msgm;a 32la o ;j;a wiïmQ¾K msgm;a
;=kla o Èjhsfka úúO m%foaYj,g wh;a
úydria:dkj,ska yuq fõ' tu l=vd fmdf;a
wka;¾.; jkafka ffjoHjreka úiska o;
hq;= uQ,sl lreKq iy ms<smeÈh hq;= Wmfoia
iuqodhls'
iria j ;S ks > Ka v q j kï .% k a : fha
ms g m;a 35la muK úúO úydria : dk
j,ska jd¾;d jk w;r tajdhska lsysmhla
wiïmQ ¾ K ta j d nj i|yka fõ' fuu
.%ka:h .ek ix>rdc f,alï ñáfha o
i|yka nj isxy, idys;H jxYh i|yka
lrhs' ã' î' tÉ' tia' lúr;ak fjoeÿrka
úiska fuu lD;sh m<uq jrg uqøKh l<
w;r f.aíßh,a .=Kj¾Okhka úiska l<
ixia l rKh jkdys iúia ; rh; úuiq ï
iys;h' iuyr Ydlj, Ñ;% igyka o fhdod
;sfí' ta ta T!IO j¾.j, ixialD; m¾hdh
kdu iy tajdfha .=K l¾u we;=<;a fuu
.%k: a h fndfyda fihsku a bkaÈhdkq ks>Kavq
weiqre l< nj fmfka'
isoafO!IO ks>Kavqj kñka mqiafld<
fmd;a 25lg wdikak ixLHdjla Èjhsfka
úúO m%foaYj, úydria:dkj,ska jd¾;d
fõ' thg iemhQ ikak msgm;a folla ud;r
ùrnd msßfjkska yd ùrleáh uq,alsß.,
rdcuyd úydrfhka o yuq fõ' isoafO!IO
ks>Kavq jHdLHdjla jejqrelkak, rdcuyd
úydrfhka yuq fõ' fuh 1932 § ta' ã'
tia' .=K;s,l uy;d úiska uqøKh lrkq
,en we;' mqxÑnKavdr ikakia., iQÍkag
nUr., úydrfhka fuu ks > Ka v q f õ
msgm;la yuq jQ nj i|ykah ^isxy, idys;H
jxYh 499 ms'&' j¾. T!IO ks>Kavqj kñka
ixialD; NdIdfjka ,shejqKq mqiafld<
fmd;la lemamsáfmd< iqux.,drdufhka
yuq fõ'
Y% S jdiq f oa j ks > Ka v q j o tl,
ffjoHjreka w;r Ndú; jQ øjH.= K
fmd;la jk w;r fuys msgm;a 25la muK
wm rfÜ fmd;a .=,aj,ska fidhd f.k we;'
fuu ks>Kavqj uqøKh jQ njla fkdoksuq'
;j;a m%lg ks>Kavqjla jk jrreÑ fldaI
fyj;a jrreÑ ks>Kavqj msgm;a 10la muK
wm rfgka yuq fõ' fNaiiac u[acQidfõ
jrreÑ ixys;dj .ek i|ykah' th jkdys
10 jeks ishjig wh;a lD;shla nj fmfka'
wfma rfÜ Ndú; jkjdi ks>Kavqfõ isxy,
yd ixialD; uqiq NdId ffY,shla olakg
we;' jkjdi ks>Kavq msgm;a y;la wm rfÜ
fmd;a.=,aj, jd¾;d ù we;s w;r thska o
;=kla wiïmQ¾Kh'
idr ks>Kavq kï .%ka:hl tlu
msgm;la hgj;af;a Wre<Ej;af;a mqrdK
úydrfhka yuq fõ' fuh ffjoH ks>Kavj q la
oehs fkdoks u q ' wldrd§ ks > Ka v q j kï
ffjoH wldrdÈfha mqiafld< fmd;a msgm;a
f,õ, fnda ê rela L drduh" n,ms á h Y% S
rdyq, uyd úydrh" ksys¿j ioaO¾fudaoh
msßfjk hk fmd;a.=,aj,ska jd¾;d fõ'
ffjoH ks>Kavq fmd;a ylauk iqNødrduh"
n,msáh Y%S rdyq,drdu úydrh" kdl=¿.uqj
mqij
a , úydrh" j,iau,q ,
a Y%S úydrh" ksy¿ s j
ioaO¾fudaoh msßfjk hk fmd;a.=,aj,ska
yuq jk w;r ud;r ys;a;eáfha rdcuyd
13
úydrfhka msgm;a 4la jd¾;d fõ'
fnfy;a wldrdÈh kñka fmd;la háhk
u‚r;kdrdufhka o fnfy;a kï kñka
ud;r fõr.ïmsg rdcuyd úydrfhka o
yuq fõ' fïjd o T!IO kdu wldrdÈ iys;
ks>Kavq .Khg wh;a fõ' ffjoH ks>Kavq
ikakh kï fmd;la ylauk iqNødrdufhka
yuq fõ'
w.,j;a; m%;srdc msßfjka
úydria:dkh i;= øjH.=K àldj"
ffp;Hd,xldr uyd úydrfha iy
úfoHda o h ms ß fjfka øjH.= K o¾mKh"
mhd., mq I a m drduh" f.,s T h w.% f nda ê
úydrh" n,msáh wïnrelaLdrduh" §hd.y
iqkkaodrduh" fo‚msáh iqo¾Ykdrduh"
ud;r chuy úydrh" iq , a ; dkdf.dv
.=Kr;ak úfõldrduh hk fmd;a.=,aj,
we;s øjH.=K ks>Kavqj" ;,afma
mru is ß ks f la ; iq o ¾Ykdrduh i;=
øjH.= K d.= K " l=reKE., fn!oaOdf,dal
msßfjk" me,auvq,af,a mqrdK úydrh i;=
øjH.=K mdG iy øjH .=K msgm;a follska
hq;a mqiafld< fmd;a ks>Kavq f,i ie,lsh
yelsh' fïjdfha wka;¾.; jkafka T!IO
m¾hdh ixialD; kdu iy tajdfha .=K
l¾u wdÈ f;dr;=re fõ'
wdhq¾fõofha b;d m%lg ks>Kavqjla
jk Okajka;Í ks>Kavqfõ msgm;a
fudrgqj lafIa;%drdufhka yd f;,aj;a;
iuriS y u;s k a o drdufhka o jd¾;d fõ'
tys ikakhla ùrleáh uQ,.sß rdcuyd
úydrfhka yuq ù ;sfí' i¾jkdu ks>Kavq
hkq f jka fmd;la wm rfÜ fmd;a .= ,a
lsysmhlska fidhd .; yelsh' nKavdrfj,
iqo¾Yk fL;a;drduh" mskaj;af;a
ioa O ¾udlr ms ß fjk" ud;r je,s f õßh
mqIamdrduh" ;x.,a, jkjdi l=vd úydrh
tajd w;r fõ' fuh T!IO kdu we;=<;a
ks>Kavj q la oehs fidhd ne,sh hq;h
= ' ffjoH
fldaIh kñka fmardfo‚h úYajúoHd,h"
y,a f ,d¨j lgdrx., rdcuyd úydrh"
lgq . ia f ;dg rdcis x y mq r dK rdcuyd
úydrh" fldKavfo‚h rdcuyd úydrh"
me,auvq,af,a rdcuyd úydrh" mdKÿf¾
fnda ê rela L drduh wdÈ ia : dkj, we;s
mqif
a ld< fmd; o wh;a jkafka fï ks>Kavq
.Khg hs'
isoaêidrh kï jQ mqiafld< fmdf;a
msgm;a wl=/iai kkaokdrdufha tlla o
j,ia . , chj¾Ok uq o ,s k a o drdufha
folla o jYfhka ;= k la jd¾;d fõ'
fuh Ysfrdafrda. Ñls;aid .%ka:hla nj
i|ykah' jrfhda.idr 1944 uqøKfha fuu
.%ka:fha ku fmfkk nj mqxÑnKavdr
ikakia., lshhs' ^isxy, idys;H jxYh
666 ms ' &' idrix.% y kï fjofmd;la
rUq l a l k iq u kdrduh" ñkq j ka f .dv
.fKa l ka o rdcuyd úydrh" udrmk
Ydiaf;%doa h msßfjk hk fmd;a.,= j
a , ;sfí'
idrixlafIamh kñka fldaÜfÜ hq.fha§
,shejqKq ixialD; fjofmdf;a mqiafld<
msgm;a úydria:dk 37lska muK jd¾;d
fõ' tu ikakh fmd;a.=,a 23lska muK
yuq fõ' fuh 1865 § ã' tÉ' tia' lúr;ak
ffjoHr;ak;=uka úiska o 1984 § wd¾hodi
l=udrisxyhkaa úiska o isxy,hg fmr<s‚'
ojq,., ,xld;s,l rdcuyd úydrfhka
idrixys;d kï ixialD; fjofmd;la yuq
úh' th fldf<dkakdfõ úydrh" uykqjr
yh.sß úchiqkaordrduh" WKjgqk hg.,
rdcuyd úydrh hk úydria:dkj,ska o
yuq fõ'
wlaIs frda. Ñls;aidj kï fmd;la
ud;f,a wdf,da l rdcuyd úydrfhka
14
iy yla u k nq í nq , drdufhka yuq fõ'
weia fjo fmd; kñka mqiafld< fmd;a
lsysmhla ó.y;ekak mrudkkao rdclSh
mqia;ld,h" .ïfmd< fndaj, fmd;a.=,a
úydrh" m,af,fndaj, fndaj, rdcuyd
úydrh" f;,aj;a; iuriSy u;skaodrduh"
bu¥j iqfïOdrduh" wl=/iai kkaokdrduh"
udjke,a , iq k ka o drduh" fldáhdl= U q r
fYdaNs;drduh hk fmd;a.=,aj,ska yuqfõ'
fuys wiïmQ¾K msgm;a oka´úg ;dUq.,
rdcuyd úydrh" kdj,ms á h kd.dy
Y% S fnda ê rela L drduh iy udjke,a ,
iqkkaodrduh hk úydria:dkj, jd¾;d
fõ' fka;% frda. Ñls;i a d Ndj ikakh kñka
fjofmd;la ysksÿu Ydifkdaohdrdufhka
jd¾;d fõ'
.=,s l,al" jÜfgdare kï lúfmd;"
.=KmdGh kï lú fmd;" fnfy;a .=,s
fmd;" fnfy;a f;,a jÜfgdare fmd;"
i¾jdx. fjo fmd; wdÈ fjo fmd;a
iuQ y hla o fuys we;' me,a u vq , a f ,a
mqrdK úydrh i;=j .=,sl,al iy .=,s
fí;a w;afmd; hkqfjka mqiafld< fmd;a
folla jd¾;d fõ' WKjgqk iqkkaodrduh
iy m,af,fndaj, chj¾Okdrduh i;=
f;,a fí;a fmd;" me,auvq,af,a mqrdK
úydrfha fjo jÜfgdare mqiafld< fmd;a o
ó.y;ekak mrudkkao rdclSh mqi; a ld,h"
.ïm< fndaj, fmd;a.=,a úydrh" fojqkaor
.,.fka úydrh" yevúka f ka úydrh"
kdj,ms á h kd. Y% S fnda ê rela L drduh"
fo‚msáh iqNødrduh i;= msgm;a 4la jk
f;,a jÜfgdare fmd; o" m,af,fndaj,
fndaj, rdcuyd úydrfha ff;, ùÈh hk
mqiafld< fmd; T!Iëh f;,a is£u ms<sn|
lreKq iys; fmd;a fõ'
l=Kavidf,a rdcuyd úydrh"
n,ms á h wïnrela L drduh" f;,a j ;a ;
iuriS y u;s k a o drduh" flda Ü fÜf.dv
.,alkafoa mqrdK úydrh hk fmd;a.=,aj,
;sfnk .=KmdG kï mqiafld< fmd; o
ks > Ka v q .Khg wh;a fõ' óáhf.dv
mQ.j;a:qldrdufhka jd¾;d jQ T!IO .=K"
fma r dfo‚h úYa j úoHd,h i;= T!IO
.=KmdGh" ;j,ka;ekak isoaOd¾:df,dal
rdcuyd úydrfha we;s T!IO kduud,d
j¾Kkd ms g m;a fol" iy wiïmQ ¾ K
ikak iys; T!IO kdudj,sh" lUqremsáh
[dKdNs j xiis ß Oïurla Å ;drdufha
fNaiÊc kdudj,sh" u,a,fmd<
wdkkaomín;drduh i;= T!IO ks>Kavqj
hk fmd;a wh;a jkafka o ks>Kavq ldKavhg
fõ' fnr,mkd;r iqo¾Ykdrduh i;=j we;s
T!IO .=K yd fhda. Ndjikakh o fujeksu
mqiafld< fmd;ls' Èlaje,a, ud,s.d;ekafka
rcuyd úydrfhka jd¾;d jk T!IO
ix.%yh iy n,msáh wïnrelaLdrduh i;=
Tiqúê hk mqiafld< fmd;aj, o ;sfnkqfha
T!IO ixia l rKhg wod< f;dr;= r e
úh hq ; = h ' yia ; idr jÜfgda r e kñka
mqiafld< fmd;l msgm;a ;=kla fírej,
ffY,ìïndrdufhka jd¾;d fõ'
kdf.dv mq K Hodrduh i;= frda .
ks o dkh" ;j,ka ; eka k is o a O d¾:df,da l
rcuyd úydrfha ;sfnk frda. mÍlaIdj
ud;r chuy úydrh iy ùrleáh uQ,.sß
rcuy úydrh i;= frda. ,laI K hk
mqiafld< fmd;a frda. úksYaphg wod<
lreKq iys ; h' frda . mÍla I dj kï
is x y, lú fmd;" wIa g mÍla I dj kï
ixialD; isxy, mqiafld< fmd; lgq.
ia f ;dg Wvq j dj, mq r dK úydrfhka o
wIagmÍlaId ikakh mdKÿr kd.dkkao
úydrfhka iy ylauk iqNødrdu
úydrfhka o jd¾;d fõ' kdä Ydia;%h
15
kï lúfhka ,shejqKq mqiafld< fmd;la
m,af,fndaj, fndaj, rcuyd úydrfhka o
tys wiïmQ¾K msgm;la kdj,msáfha Y%S
kd. fndaêrelaLdrdufhka o jd¾;d fõ'
tfia u ;j,ka ; eka k is o a O d¾:df,da l
rcuyd úydrh" kdf.dv mqfKHdaohdrduh"
u,a,fmd< wdkkaomín;drduh" lUqremsáh
nvm;a;, úydrh hk fmd;a.=,aj, kdä
mÍlaId kñka mqiafld< fmd;la jd¾;d ù
;sfí' ;%sxYoaNsIcdx.h kñka hq;= ixialD;
isxy, ñY% .%k: a hl msgm;la .d,a, iqo¾Yk
mrudkkao mqrdK úydrfhka yuqjk w;r
tys ikak úoHd,xldr msßfjkska yd Y%S
,xld úYajúoHd, mqia;ld,fhka jd¾;d ù
;sfí' f;,aj;a; iuriSy u;skaodrdufha
ffNIcHdx.h fyj;a ¥; ,la I Kh o
oka´úg ;dUq., rcuyd úydrh i;= ¥;
,laIKh o frda. úksYaphg wod< fmd;ah'
ika k s m d; fjolug wh;a fld,
ùÈh kï mqiafld< fmd;la l¿;r lkafoa
úydrh" WKjgqk ffp;Hd,xldr úydrh"
.d,a , mrudkka o úydrh" kdl= ¿ .uq j
y;afndaê úydrh hk fmd;a., = j
a ,ska yuqfõ'
flda, úê kï jQ fjo fmd;la fmardfo‚h
úYajúoHd,fhka jd¾;d fõ' ud;f,a wdf,dal
úydrh" WKjgqk iqkkaodrduh" u,a,fmd<
wdkka o mín;drduh iy m,a f ,fnda j ,
chj¾Okdrduh hk úydria : dkj,s k a
jd¾;d jk ikaks fjo fmd; o ikaksmd;
fjolug wh;a fmd;a fõ' ;% f hda o Y
ika k s m d; úê kï mq i a f ld< fmd;la
iq,a;dkdf.dv .=Kr;ak úfõldrdufhka
jd¾;d fõ' Whkaf.dv mqrdK úydrfha
we;s ÊjrfNa o jHdLHdj lUq r e.uq j
rdu.s ß úydrh" lUq r e.uq j w;a ; r.u
rcuyd úydrh i;= ÊjrdIa g Y;lh"
m,af,fndaj, chj¾Okdrdufha jd¾;d jk
Êjr Ñls;aidj" fmardfo‚h úYajúoHd,h
iy fldKavfo‚fha rcuyd úydrh i;=
ÊjrdIag Y;l ikakh wdÈh WK frda.h
.ek f;dr;=re iys; fmd;a fõ'
tfia u úÿï ms , s i a i q ï fjolug
wh;a i,a , úêh" i,a , úê" ier úêh"
wiqr úêh" mQäúêh" úÿka Ydia;%h wdÈ
fmd;a b;du jákd fjolï iïnka O
tajd fõ' fï wxYfha fmd;a m;a b;du
iq¿ m%udKhls" wm rfgka jd¾;d jkqfha"
ud;r je,sfõßh mqIamdrdufha úÈkúê
^lú& kï fmd;" ó we,a, .fKaf.dv
mqrdK úydrfha úÿï l%u" ier úêh kï
fmd;" wxf.dv .,ajdfka mqrdK úydrfha
Yia;% l¾u úê kï fmd; wdÈ lSmhla ta
w;r fõ' me,auvq,a, mqrdK úydrfha we;s
kyr úÿï Ydia;%h kï msgm;a y;r o
YsrdfõOhg wh;a tajd úh hq;h = ' fnkaf;dg
.fKa m q r dK rcuyd úydrfha ms < s l d
m% l rKh kï ixia l D; fjofmd;la o
ul=,afo‚fha isßj¾Okdrduh i;=j ms<sld
m%lrKh kï lúfhka ,shQ fjo fmd;la
o" m,af,fndaj, chj¾Okdrdufha ms<sld
frda. fjofmd; kï mqiafld< fmd;la o
jd¾;d fõ' mSkia fjofmd; kï mqiafld<
fmd;la ;x.,a, jkjdi l=vdúydrh i;=j
;sfí'
úI fjolug wh;a i¾m fjo
fmd;" i¾m¥;h" msiaiq n¨ úIg fí;a"
Wkaku;lYajdk úfY!IO" úhre ,laIK"
úhre Wm;" úhre úI fnfy;a" úI úêh"
úIdNdlrh" úI fNa I ch wdÈh w.o
;ka;%hg wh;a fmd;a fõ' i¾mfõoh kñka
lúfhka ,shQ mqiafld< fmd;la wia.sß
úydr ueo mkaif,ka o i¾m ¥;h kï
fmd;la n<kaf.dv isßúchf;kakfldaka
uqo,skaodrdufhka o jd¾;d fõ' óg wu;rj
WKjgq k iq k ka o drdufhka iy ud;r
16
ys ; a ; eáfha mq r dK úydrfhka yuq j k
úI fjofmd;" mq j la m s á h wdkka o drdu
weia j ;= uydúydrh i;= úI w;a f jo
fmd;" ysksÿu Ydifkdaohdrdufha ;sfnk
úI Ñls ; a i d Ndjika k h hk fmd;a o
úI fjolug wh;a fõ' i¾m fjo fmd;
kñka mq i a f ld< fmd;a 35lg wêl
ixLHdjla úydria:dkj,ska jd¾;d jqj;a
msiaiq n¨ úIg m%;sldr we;=<;a fmd;a m;a
iaj,amhls' uyr.u m[a[d;s,ldrduh"
WKjgqk iqkkaodrduh úydrh" Wv.u
chj¾Okdrduh" udjke,a , mÈhfodr
rdcuyd úydrh hk ia:dkj, we;s msiaiq
n¨ úI fjo fmd;a fyj;a c,NS ; s l d
frda. Ñls;aid .%ka: lSmhla w;a;r.u
rdcuyd úydrfhka jd¾;d fõ' fmardfo‚h
úYajúoHd, mqia;ld,fha úhre n¨ úIg
fí;a kñka fmd;a folla jd¾;d fõ'
.¾NŒ Ñls ; a i djg wh;a fmd;a
jYfhka m,af,afndaj, chj¾Okdrdufha
iy lUqremsáh Y%S% ksjdidrdufha ;sfnk
.¾NŒ Ñls ; a i dj" ówe,a , .fKa f .dv
mqrdK úydrfha m%;sikaê Ñls;aidj,sh
wdÈ ia:dk lSmhl olakg ,efí' .vqúÈh
kñka lú fmd;la yuqjkafka fn,sw;a;
Y%S% iqux.,drdufhka mu‚' f.ä fjolu
iys; mqif a ld< fmd;a 15lg wêl ixLHdjla
mkai,a fmd;a.=,aj,ska jd¾;d fõ' ud;r
mq I a m drdufhka yuq j k ff;,dNHx.
úê kï mqiafld< fmd; YÍrfha f;,a
.e,aùï l%u iys; fmd;ls' ykaÈ fjofmd;
kñka mq i a f ld< fmd;la mq y q , a j e,a ,
iqo¾Ykdrdufhka o m,af,fndaj, fndaj,
rcuyd úydrfhka o jd¾;d fõ' ykafoiai
ksl;ekak mqrdK úydrfha ;sfnk Nskak
Ñls;aid kï mqiafld< fmd; o levqï ì÷ï
fjolug wh;a fõ'
 mY= fjolu o wm rfÜ ÈhqKqj ;snQ
ffjoH l%uhls' fï ms<sn|j ,shejqKq .j
r;akh kï fmdf;a msgm;a ;j,ka;ekafka
isoaOd¾:f,dal uyd úydrh yd uykqjr
yh.sß úchiqkaordu mqrdK úydrh hk
mkai,a fmd;a.=,ays we;' 1912 § muK
uqøKh jQ nj isxy, idys;H jxYfha i|yka
.jr;akh fuh oehs fkdoksuq ^674 ms'&'
.j fjofmd;Z kñka mqiafld< fmd;la
udrmk Ydiaf;%daoh msßfjfka fmd;a.=,
i;=j ;sfí' yrka; kï m%lrKh fyj;a
yrla fjofmd; kñka mqiafld< fmd;la
ud;r ys;a;eáh rcuyd úydrfhka jd¾;d
fõ' m,a f ,fnda j , chj¾Okdrdufha
.jfrda. ms<shï" .jfrda. ms,siaiSu fyj;a
Yr úÈh kñka mqiafld< fmd;a ;sfnk
w;r tys .jfrda. i|yd wfma rfÜ Ndú;
jQ idïm%odhsl ms,siaiqï l%u i|yka fõ'
zyrla fjofmd;Z kñka ;j;a mqiafld<
fmd;la nq;amsáh chfialrdrdufhka o
jd¾;d fõ' fldKavfo‚h rcuyd úydrfha
;s f nk .cfhda . r;a k h iy .,ms g uv
17
r;a k drdufha we;s .cfhda . idrh w,s
we;=ka i|yd lrkq ,nk fjolï we;=<;a
mq i a f ld< .% k a : fõ' fldKa v foKs f ha
rdcuyd úydrh i;= we;afí;a kï mqif a ld<
fmd; o tjeks fmd;la úh hq;=h' udrmk
Ydiaf;%daoh msßfjk i;= uvqjkafj, w,s
fjofmd; o ueo.u w;a;r.u rdcuyd
úydrh iy .ïfmd< wdkkaodrduh i;= w,s
fjofmd; kï mqiafld<fmd;a o ta .Khg
wh;a fõ'
ol=Kq l¿;r mQ¾jdrdufhka jd¾;d
jk ffjoH l¾u ix.%y kï mqiafld<
fmd;" n,ms á h wïnrela L drduh i;=
ffjoH mxpl¾uh kue;s fmd; o ffjoH
l¾uhg wh;a hï Ñls;aid iys; fmd;a úh
hq;h
= ' l=Kva idf,a wYaj;a:drdufhka jd¾;d
jk ffjoH m%fhda.h wiïmQ¾K msgm;"
fodvka ¥ j >kdkka o rcuyd úydrfha
;sfnk ffjoH fhda. idrh" lkafoaf.or
chiqukdrduhg wh;a ffjoHr;akdlrh"
ykafoiai ksl;ekafka úydria:dkfhka
jd¾;d jk ffjoH ix.% y h" .s ß W,a ,
iqkkaodrdu rcuyd úydrfhka yuqjk
ffjoHr;akh" Èlaj e,a, jejqrelkak ,
uyd úydrh i;= ffjoH Ñka;duŒ wdÈ
fmd;a o fï rfÜ foaYSh ffjoHjreka
i;= j ;s n Q nq o a ê uh foa m < iïNdrhg
lÈu ks o iq k a h ' me,a u vq , a f ,a mq r dK
úydrfhka jd¾;d jk ffjoHl udkh
lsreï ñkqï wdÈh .ek fmd;la úh hq;=h'
.,a . s ß hd.u mq r dK jkis x y úydrh
i;= ffjoH Ydia;%h yeoEÍu iy
wl= / ia i wia u df.dv mq r dK úydrfha
ffjfoHdamfoaYh hk fmd;a ffjoH l¾uh
ms<sn| wdOHdmksl u`. fmkaùï we;=<;a
fmd;a f,i ie,ls h yels h ' n,ms á h
wïnrelaLdrduh i;= ffjoHdlrK N+IK
idrd¾: kï fmd; l=uk wdldrfha ffjoH
.%ka:hla o hkak fidhd ne,sh hq;=h'
fuu fndfyda mqiafld< msgm;aj,
m;abre lsysmhla muKla we;s w;r m;abre
úYd, m%udKhla iys; msgm;a o olakg
,efí' tajdfha wdrlaIdj iy ixrlaIKh
iïnkaOfhka hï mq¿,a jev ms<sfj<la
ielish hq;=h' ishjia .Kkla mqrd foaYSh
idudðl" ixialD;sl yd wd.ñl wkkH;dj
wd¾Ólh uÕska .s,.kq ,enQ w;r ck
Ôú;fha ish¨ wxYhka mqrdu me;sÍ .sh
ngysr wdNdih wmg Wreu lr § we;af;a
ixialD;sl Kh.e;s njls' wfma mqiafld<
fmd;a rdYshlau úfoaYSh fl!;=ld.drhkays
yd mqia;ld,hhkays fl!;=l jia;+ka njg
m;aj we;af;a o tysu m%;sM,hla f,isks'
wfma rfÜ úydria : dkj,g wu;rj
Èjhsk mqrd úisÍ isák fjouy;=ka i;=j
o mqiafld< fmd;a oyia .Kkla ;sfí'
tajd w;r b;d ÿ¾,N .Kfha wm%ldYs;
fjofmd;a fndfyda .Kkla ;sìh yelsh'
18
uydpd¾h mqKaÑnKavdr ikakia.,
iQÍka ,shQ jelshlska ,smsh iudma; lsÍu
fhda.H nj isf;a' ˜fy< niska ,shejqKq
úúO úIhSh fmd;am;a w;r wks;a jákd
fmd;a .Khla kï" fy< fjofmd;a
mrmqrhs' wkqrdOmqr ld,fha isg fï úis jk
ishji f;la ,shù we;s ta fmd;a m;a w;r"
úh;=ka ,shQ fmd;a o fj;s' m%isoaOj we;s
fmd; m;g jvd wm%ldYhg m;a fmd;au fï
wxYfha fnfNú' tajd ta ta fjo mrmqr úisk"a
W;=ï fnfy;a fhda. .=re uqIaá jYfhka
;nd ish ore mrmqrg fyda muKla foñka
mj;ajdf.k wd jÜfgdare fjhs' l,a hEfï §
tajdhska fndfyduhla úkdYhg m;a úh'
wo o furg fjo mrïmrd w;r m%ldYhg
fkdm;a tn÷ jÜfgdare olskakg mq¿jk˜
^isxy, idys;H jxYh( 659 ms'&'
wdYs%; .%ka:
fidauodi" fla'ã' ^1959&' ,xldfõ mqiafld< fmd;a
kdudj,s h ¦ m% : u Nd.h' fld<U( ixia l D;s l
fomd¾;fïka;=j
,xldfõ mqiafld< fmd;a kdudj,sh¦ oaú;Sh Nd.h'
^1964&' fld<U( ixialD;sl fomd¾;fïka;=j
ikakia.," mS'î' ^1961&' isxy, idys;H jxYh'
fld<U( weia' f.dvf.a m%ldYlfhda
ffjoH veksiag¾ t,a' fmf¾rd
 uykqjr iufha mqiafld< f,aLk
iïmdokh iïnkaO wd.ñl ixl,am

iS ;djl iufha § ,xldfõ is ÿ jQ

nrm;< Ydia;%Sh mßydksh;a iuÕ
,xldfõ Ydia;%Sh fmd; m; iïmdokh ùu
wvd< úh' fufia mßydkshg m;a Ydia;%Sh
.%k:a lrKh h<s k.d isgj
q k ,oafoa je,súg
wirK irK irKxlr ysñhka úisks' ta
uykqjr iufha § h' t l, jk úg rpkd
jQ fndfyda fmd;a m;a wd.ñl uqyqKqjrla
.ksñka rpkd ù we;s nj o fï jk úg
úoHudk idOl wkqj fmkS hhs' fndfyda
úg idys;HlrKh i|yd m%fõY lrùu
msKsi wkqn, ÿka fndfyda fmd;a fn!oaO
uqyqKqjrlska meje;Su óg fya;=j úh yels
h' ta wkqj uykqjr iuh jk úg fn!oaO
fmd;a ,s ù u yd ,s h eùu iïnka O fhka
úfYaI keUqrejla we;s lsÍug wkqn, ÿka
wd.ñl b.ekaùï lSmhla u y÷kd.; yels
h' thska lSmhla my; mßÈ úia;r lruq'
iín odkx Oïu odkx ðkd;s
iínx rfid Oïu rfid ðkd;s
iínx r;sx Oïu r;sx ðkd;s
;KaylaLfhd iín ÿlaLx ðkd;s

19
 ^ish¨ odkhka mrojd O¾u odkh ch
.kafka h' ish¨ rihka mrojd O¾u rih
ch .kafka h' ish¨ r;Ska mrojd O¾u r;sh
ch ,nkafka h' ;Kaydj laIh lsÍu ^ry;a
M,h& ish¨ ÿla ch .kafka h&'
fï .d:dj Oïu mofha z;Ka y d
j.a.Zfha olakg ,efnkakls'1
tfia u uykqjr iufha we;eï
mqiafld< f,aLk msgm;a lsÍu fyda rpkd
lsÍu fyda msKsi ieoeyj;=ka fufyhjQ
;j;a fn!oaO b.ekaùula jYfhka"
úydrx tl lmam`p `úlmamx :Qmfuj p
wdrduka;S ;slmam`p fy;=iaó p;=lmamfhd
lÀfk m`plmamdŒ P lmamx Odifud oKx
i;; lmamx ;ux mqF:x w`G lmamx Oïu foikx
fmdF:lx kj lmam`p oi lmafmd irKx.f;d
hk .d:dj fmkajd Èh yels h' ie,lsh hq;=
m%udKhla mqiafld< f,aLkj, wjidk yd
wdrïNl .d:dj jYfhka my; oelafjk
.d:dj o olakd ,efí'
3' wlaLrx tlfulx jd nqoaOrEm iux ishd
;iaudys mKaäf;d fmdfid ,sfLhH
msgl;a;hx
^;%smsglfha tla tla wlaIrh" tla
tla nqÿ ms<su jykafia kula yd iudk h'
tfyhska {dkjka; mqoa.,hd ;%smsglh
,shkafka fjhs'&
fï .d:dj ioaOïu ix.y kue;s
.%ka:fha o olakg ,efí' Wla; .d:dj yd
ioaOïu ix.yfha tk .d:dj w;r fjkilg
we;af;a" fldai, ìïn jKaKkdfõ tk
.d:dfõ zwla L rx tlfulx jdZ he hs
;sîu;a" ioaOïu ix.yfha tk .d:dfõ
zwlaLrx tlfuZl[apZ hkqfjka ;sîu;a
1. Oïumo újrKh" fudr.,af,a isß [dfKdNdi ;siai ysñ"
1999" fld<U( iSudiys; weï' ã' .=Kfiak iy iud.u" 674
msgqj'
20
muKs'2 ioaOïu ix.%yfha o fldai, ìïn
jKaKkdj ms<sn`o i`oyka ù ;sîu ie,elsh
hq;= ldrKhls' tfia u rdcr;akdlrh3 yd
uOHu ,Ùld mqrdjD;a; .%k:a fha tk" zlS¾;s
Y%S rdcisxy uydrdfcd;a;uhka úiska l<
YdikdNsjD`êZ4 hk fldgfia o fï .d:dj
olakg ,efí' idikjxi kue;s lD;sfha o
iq¿ iq¿ fjkialï iys; j Wla; .d:dj
olakg yelsh'
wlaLrd tlx tl[a p nqoaOrEmx iux ishd
;iaud ys mKaäf;d fmdfid ,sfLhH
msgl;a;hx5
zwlaLrx tlfulx jdZ hk .d:dj
wdka;sl igykla jYfhka fhdod ;snQ
wh.u .x.drdufha we;s i;smÜGdk iQ;%h
yd ikakh hk mqiafld< f,aLkfha w.
my; mßÈ i|ykla úh' Wla; .d:dj tys §
fld;rï iqúfYaI ù weoao hkak jgyd
.ekS u ms K s i ths k a ,efnka f ka uy;a
rel=,ls'
fofkamsáfha f,dl= y¿f.hs cdksia
fm%ard o tu whf.a ifydaor wJøsia fm%rd o
mkdf.dv cfik;= m%kd÷f.a wøshdkd o
lfrdÑ wmmq o uf;ia fyjd ni;shka is,j a do
hk wms mia fokd úis k a ෴ wla L rx
tlfulx jd nq`OrEm iuxishd ;iudys
m`äf;d fmdfid ,sfLhH msgl;;hx෴
hk fï ij_{ foikdj wid tys meyeo
;% s m s g l Ouu_ h iumQ kk_ f hka ,s h ùug
wfmdfydi;a neúka wm f.a iel;s jq
2. ioaOïu iÙ.fyd" ixia( .ïueoafoaf.dv mq[a[idr ysñ"
2014" fld<U( iSudiys; weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda
^mqoa'& iud.u" 36 msgqj'
3. rdcr;akdlrh" ixia( isß ;s,lisß" 2011" fld<U( weia'
f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda" 77 msgqj'
4. Oïudkkao ysñ" kdjq,af,a" 1969" uOHu ,Ùld mqrdjD;a;"
fld<U( iSudiys; weï' ã' .=Kfiak iy iud.uh" 261
msgqj
5. Sasanavamsa, ed: Mabel Bode, 1897, London: Published
for the Pali Text Society by Henry Frowde, p. 170.
kshdjg tlS Ou_uhla ,shjd mQcd lsÍfuys
m%ikk j tu ;%smsgl Ouu_hka w;=frka iQ;%
msglfhys ish¿ nqÿjrhka f.a u w;s .duNSr
foikdj jQ fï uyd i;sm`Gdk iQ;%dk;
Ou_u foikdj ,shjd f,aLk ldrhkag wm
úiska ñ, § i;=gq fldg óg odhl jQ wms
mia fokd we;¿ jQ wmf.a nJOq ñ;% mq;%r
l,;%d§ iEu fok u Krl;%sh fm%; wiqr
ldh hs lshk ,o i;r wmdfhys fkd hsmo
ÈjH ukqiH ium;a ú| fl,jr iek;
m%kS; jq fkj_dk ium;;shg meñfka j hs
lshd m%dF:_kd fldg ieu ix>hd jykafia,d
úiska nj Ndjkd§ jifhka m%fhdck ú`Èk
f,i idx>Sl fldg mQcd lrK ,§෴
by; i|yka lrk ,o .d:dj
úia;r lrñka igyka lr ;snQ úia;rhla
o .,alkafoa mqrdK rdcuyd úydrfha we;s
mqiafld< f,aLkhl olakd ,È' tys jQ
úia;rh my; mßÈ h(
zz''' ,sLdh md,skdOïud kjfldá
iyiailx lmamx wlaLr .Kkdh plalj;a;s
Núiai;s෴ wm ;sf,d.=re nqÿ rcdkka
jykafi úiska jodrK ,o iQ;% wNsOu_u
úKh ixLHd; iajdiq oyila Ou_uialJOhka
w;=frka tla;rd oyï mohla ,shjqfjd o
,sjqfjd o hï i`O_d iïmkak ia;%s mqI_hka
flfkla we;akï t ia;%s mqI_d§ka úiska
tla .d:djl= o ,shjqfjd o ,sjqfjd o ñ,
§ nK okakd mKaä;hl= ,jd ,shjqfjd ù
Kï kj fldá iyiailx" tl wlaIrhlg
kjodia fldá lma ÈjH f,dlfhys Èj
iem;a ú|s k a f ka h tfiu kj oyila
fldá lma ÈjH rdcHh fuka i;sia ,laI
oY oyia ;=kaish mKia fhdÿka ilaj,
we;=,; pl%j;_;s rdcHh lrkafk h ;j o
m%{d ,nK mßÈ flfi o h;a ෴ ෴
.`.dh jd`MldÇfh Wolx Çfh uy;a;fj
21
uyShdu;a;sld Çfh ,lafLK uu nq`êhd
෴ ෴wlaLrx tlfulx jd nq`O rEm iux
ishd ;iaudys mKaäf;d fmdfid ,sfLhH
msgl;a:hx ෴ ;j o irK YS,hg m`piS,h
wIagd`. iS,h oi YS,h fldáhla ixjr
iS,hg o fï Ou_uh n,d ldufhys wd§kj
±k iS,h rlaId lrK fyhska fuu Ou_uh u
W;=ï jkafka h hkdÈ oYmdrñ;dÈ iu;%`s Y;a
mdrñ;djkag fuu Ou_uh W;=ï jkafka h
hkdÈ oY mdrñ;dÈ iu;%Y s ;a mdrñ;djkag u
Ou_uh .=re isáfkh ;j o fuu Ou_uh
W;=ï jkafkh hkdÈ oY mdrñ;dÈ iu;%`s Y;a
mdrñ;djkag u Ou_uh .=re isáfkh ;j o
fuu Ou_ u h ,s h jq f jd o ,s f jd o hk
fo mlaIfhys ia;%s mqI_dÈ hï flfkla
we;akï t W;a;ufhd nqÿ mfi nqÿ uy
ry;a hk ;=ka fndêfhka tllg meñK
tldka;fhka ksjJolakdyq h ෴ ෴ZZ
Wla; lreK fldai,ìïn jKaKkd
kue;s .%ka:fhys o olakd ,È'
zz''' fuu l%ufhka i;a ojila msg msg
mjrd uyd oka § blaì;s nqÿka je| tl;a mia
j yqka fldai, rÊcqrefjda ms<su lerùfuys
wdksixi úpdrkakdy'
iajdóks" uu fkd okakd ;eke;af;ñ
ish,a, u okakd jQ f,djq;=rd nqÿka w;ska
úpdrñ hs lSy' hï i;a;ajfhla ms<suhla
lerjQfha ù kï t fia jQ i;a;ajhkag
ljr kï úmdlhla ,efí ± hs b÷rd wikq
leue;af;ñ hs wdrdOkd l< l,ays" fufia
mfiakdÈ fldai, rÊcqrefjd úiska wdrdê; jQ
nqÿ rcdKka jykafia idÿ idÿ uyrc" ;d
lS kshdj b;d hym;eZhs f;dmg yef`.
kd mßoafoka b÷rd lshd,ñ wid is;a ;nd
.kqj hs jod< fial' ta weis,af,ys u wk|
uy f;reka jykafia fodfyd;a uqÿka §
isg iajdóks" nqÿ rcdKks" Tn jykafia
úiska foaYkd lrk ,o nK fmd;a ,shjd
oka ÿkakkag ,efnk úmdlh;a fï fufia
hehs lshd tla fldg jod< uekeje hs" b÷rd
wikq leue;af;ñ hs wdrdOkd l<dy t úg
nqÿ rcdKka jykafia Tn f.a nia wid" idÿ
idÿ wk|h ;d is;+ kshdj;a b;d hym; tla
fldg lshd,ñ is; fy,d wij hs jodrd'''ZZ
tfia u fmd;a ,shufka wdksixih
kñka hq;a m;a bre wglska hq;= mqiafld<
f,aLkhla ms<sn|j ta' ù' iqrùr úiska"
f,aLk iólaId - kj wdf,dalOdrd .%k: a fha
i`oyka lr ;sfí' ,kavka úYajúoHd,fha
mQ¾jfoaY iy wm%sldkq wOHhk wdh;k
mqia;ld,fha ;sî fuh yuq ù we;' ;;a
f,aLkfha tk i`oyka lSmhla fufia h'
zz''' ;jo fuu Ouu_ h ,s h jq f jda o
,sjf
Q jdaO hk fï fomCIfhys i;%S mqId_ § hï
flfkla we;akï ta W;;ufhd nqOqmfianqOq
uyd ry;kairK ;=ka fndaêfhka tla;rd
fndaêhlg meñK taldka;fhkau ksjka
olsKKdyqh '''ZZ6
zz''' ;jo fuu ouu_ h ,s h jq f jda o
,sjqfjdao hk fu fomCIfhays i;ajfhda
,nk wdkqixi ium;a lsh;a nqOq uqlfh
lsh;a lshd mK we;s i;=ka lsis flfkl=kg a
wYudF:jfkkahe '''ZZ 7
zz''' ;jo fï Ouu_h ,shjQ ckfhda rc
nuqkq fj,o f.dú hK fï i;r mCIfhys
úkd wka l=,hl kqmoKdyqu'''ZZ8
fï wdldrfhka fn!oaO
.%ka:lrKfhys keUqre jQ úúO msßiaj,
meje;s iudÔh miq ì u yd Tjq k a f.a
Ñka ; kuh m% f õYh ms < s n | f;dr;= r e
6. iqrùr" ta' ù'" 2011" f,aLk iólaId kj wdf,dalOdrd"
fld<U( i§md m%ldYlfhda" 51 msgqj'
7. tu" 51--52 msgq'
8. tu" 52 msgqj'
22
;;ald,Sk mqiafld< f,aLkj,ska fy<s lr
.; yels h' th wOHhkh lsÍfï myiqj
msKsi fn!oaO NslaIQka jykafia yd .syshka
f,i fjka jYfhka wjOdkhg md;% lrkq
,efí'
fn!oaO NslaIQka jykafia
,xldfõ mqiafld< f,aLk l,dfõ
wdrïNl wjêfha mgka ie,els h hq ; =
.%ka: m%udKhla ìys lsÍfï mqfrda.dó;ajh
fn!oaO NslaIQka jykafia úiska isÿ lrk
,È' fï wdldrfhka meje; wd l%ufõoh hï
wdldrfhlska iS;djl iufha § wjk;shlg
n÷ka jQ wdldrhla by; idlÉPd lf<uq'
tfy;a bka miq je,s ú g wirK irK
irKxlr ix>rdc ysñhka úiska we;s lrk
,o Ydia;%Sh mqkreoh;a iuÕ u keje;;a
fn!oaO NslIa k
Q a jykafia,d f,aLklrKhg
;Èka m%fõY jQ wdldrh oel.; yels h'
iajlSh ;ks wNsu;h wkqj hï hï NslaIQka
jykafia,d úiska msgm;a lrk ,o fndfyda
mqiafld< f,aLk fï jk úg yuqù ;sfí'
.,alkafoa mqrdK rdcuyd úydrfha ;sî
yuq jQ wkqreoaO Y;l ikakh mqiafld<
msgm;l iudma;s jdlHhla fufiah (
zzfï fmd; ,shd ksu lf,a ;=reú,
WkakdfJIa jK ud úisx hZZ
my; oelafjkafka .,af,kf.dv
rdcuyd úydrfha we;s wNsOdkmam§msld
ika k h mq i a f ld< f,a L khl meje;s
wdka;sl igykls'
zzfï fmd; imr.uqfj foajdf,.u
irKmd, WkkdfJIa úiska ,shd ksujk
,§' jI_ 1856'11'10 Èk § hZZ
we;eï wjia:dj, hï hï NslaIQka
jykafia úiska lrk ,o wdrdOkd wkqj
mq i a f ld< f,a L k.; jQ wjia : d o yuq
fõ' my; oelafjkafka .,alkafoa mqrdK
rdcuyd úydrfha meje;s uÊCêu ksldh
mqiafld< msgm;lska Wmqgd .;a wdka;sl
jdlHhls'
zziljI_ tCjdoyii;ish wiQ yhg
meñks fuu jI_fhys b,a ui wj wgjl
ku;sÓh ,;rú Èk yf; kel;sx Èjq,jefj
Ouuoiis ms`vmd;sl i;úrhx jyfJI f.
wdrdOkdj ms,sf.k ,shd luuq;= l, ueÿï
i`.s fmd;jykafia hZZ
we;eï f,aLk rpkd lsÍu msKs i
NslaIQka jykafia úIhfhys wdrdOkd lrkq
,en we;af;a .syshka úisks' .,alkafoa
mq r dK rdcuyd úydrfha we;s Oïila
meje;=ï iQ;h% mqif
a ld< f,aLkfha wdka;l
s msg mqiafld< f,aLkh rpkd lsÍu fyda
jdlHhls my; oelafjkafka'
zzfldkajefõ talKdhl uqÈhxfia,d
f.a wmmqydñ fõ,a úodfK f. wdrdOkdj
ms<sf.k w¨;ajefõ mshoiis f;reJjyxfia
úisx <shd ksu l< Oïila mej;=x iq;;rh
iy me±kqu idOq iir ÿla f.jd fkj_dfka
,efí jdZZ
tu úydrfha u we;s Oïila meje;=ï
iQ;% ikakh mqif
a ld< f,aLkhl my; mßÈ
wdka;sl igykla úh'
zzÈjq,a,efj iqoCIs ,sjq Ouu_h hs ෴
óg wdrdOkd fjk wuu`ä álld wdrpÑ,
f. wuu`ä o fuu fokkd wdrdOkd fldg
,sjq Ouu_h hsZZ
we;eï mqiafld< f,aLk rpkd lsÍu
msKsi NslaIQka jykafia úiska ñ, f.jQ
wjia:d ms<sn`o j hï hï f;dr;=re o wm
yuqfõ ;sfí' .,alkafoa mqrdK rdcuyd
úydrfha we;s ioaO¾ur;akdj,S mqiafld<
msgm;l iudma;s igykla fufia h(
23
zziljI_ tla o dia y;a i s h wkQ j g
meñks fuu jI_fhys mqr fjila ui fo
fmda od ,shd ksu l,d ෴෴෴ fï fmd;
,shjd nrmeka ÿfkka k,,uqodfõ fyar;a
uqÈhkafia f.a uqkqnqrd jk k,,uqodfõ
irKmd, WkkdfJIa úiska ෴ fikiqrdod
,shjdmq r;kdj,,s fmd;a jykafia hZZ
by; i|yka úia;r wkqj fn!oaO
NslaIQka jykafia,d úIhfhys o mqiafld<
f,a L k rpkd ls Í u ms ‚ i fl;rï
keUqrejla we;s ù ;snqfKa o hkak fï
lreKq Tiafia meyeÈ,s lr.; yels h'
we;eï wjia:dj, ;ukag wjYH wdldrfha
iïm;a we;akï iaj wNsu;h mßÈ mqiafld<
f,aLk rpkd lsÍu fyda hul= f.a wdrdOkdj
olakd ,È' tfia;a fkdue;s úg ;uka
uqo,a f.jd mqiafld< f,aLk rpkd le/jQ
wjia:d o ÿ¾,N fkdfõ' O¾u .%ka: rpkd
lsÍu yd lrùu msKsi fn!oaO NslaIQka
jyka f ia , d ;= < meje;s fï keUq r ej
fndfyda úg irKxlr ysñhka úiska we;s
lrk ,o wd.ñl yd Ydia;%Sh mqkreoh
ksid;a" ta Tiafia f.dvk`.k ,o Ñka;kh
ksid;a isÿjQ tlle hs is;Su wmyiq ke;'
fndfyda wjia : dj, l= u k fyda O¾u
.%ka:hla ,shd fyda ,shjd fyda mQcd lsÍu
tjl úiQjka uy;a wNsreÑhlska l< fohla
nj fmfka' fmr i|yka l< wdldrfha
fn!oaO b.ekaùï Tiafia fufyjqKq Tjqyq
l=ula fyda O¾u .%k:a hla ,sùu fyda ,sheùu
fyda ms‚i lghq;= isÿ lf<da h' th m;a bre
ixLHdfjka jeä .%k: a hla o" wvq .%k:
a hla o"
fkdtfia kï ÿ¾,N fyda iq , N fyda
.%ka:hla o hk ldrKh fyda flfrys
Tjqka f.a wjOdkh fhduqjQfha ke;' nqÿ
oyu yd ine|s .%ka:hla kï ta ms<sn|
muKla l,amkd lsÍu Tjqkaf.a isß; úh'
tfyhska ,xldfõ fiiq mqif a ld< fmd;aj,g
idfmalaI j n%yaucd, iQ;%h" Oïila mej;=ï
iQ;h
% " i;smÜGdk iQ;h% jeks iQ;% widudkH
iq,N;ajfhlska yuq ù ;sfí' ^fï i|yd
we;eï úg je,súg ix>rdc ysñhkaf.a
foaYkd o n,mdkakg we;' z;=kahï rd;%sh
uq¿,af,ys úúO úÑ;% úfYId:_ j¾Kkd
lsÍfuka Oïuplal mj;a;k iQ;% - n%yu a cd,
iQ;%d§ka iNdrxckh fldg nK lSfuys oZ
irKxlr ysñhkaf.a keUqrejla meje;s
njg ix>rdc idOq pßhdj mjid we;s
fyhsks9&' we;eï ;ekaj, by; i|yka
l< wdldrfha iQ;% msgm;a 30-40lg wêl
m%udKhla yuq fõ' ta yer mQcdj,sfha tk
úYdLd ufydamdisldjf.a mQ¾jdrdu mQcd
l:dj" fjiaika;r cd;lh" ksñ cd;lh"
lÜGdß cd;lh jeks isx y, mqi af ld<
f,aLk o fiiq mqiafld< fmd;aj,g jvd
;rula iq,N j yuq jk njla o¾Ykh ùu o
úfYaIs; h'
.sysfhda
NslaIQka jykafia yereKq úg .syshka
úiska ,shk ,o iy ,shjQ mqiafld< f,aLk
b;d nyq, j Èjhsfka fkdfhla m%foaYj,ska
yuq jk w;r m%ia;=;dkq.; fn!oaO f,aLk
iïnkaOfhka muKla fuys § wjOdkh
fhduq lrkq ,efí'
by; § o i`oyka lrk ,o wdldrhg
fn!oaO .%ka:lrKhg m%fõY jQ .syshka
wdldr lSmhl uÜgïj, isá nj fmfka'
fï w;r hï hï rdcH ks,OdÍka fyda m%Nk + a
fyda jYfhka isá msßia o isákakg we;'
,xldfõ úiQ we;euqka fl;rï olaI f,i
mqiafld< f,aLk ld¾hfha ksr; jQjd o
hkak ms<n
s | ,efldïfí iajlSh igykaj,
úia;r fldg ;sfí' /,a*a mSßia úiska isxy,
9. ix>rdc idOq pßhdj" ixia( wl=ráfha úu,jxi ysñ" kdf.dv
wdßhodi fifkúr;ak" 1997" fld<U( iuhj¾Ok" 50 msgqj'
24
iudc ixúOdkh ^uykqjr hq.h& .%ka:fha
olajd we;s mßÈ ,efldïfí olajk úia;rh
fufia h (
zz''' Tjqyq fï whqßka wl=re ,sùug
fl;rï olaIfhda o h;a" fl;rï úplaIK
nqoaêfhka hqla; o h;a" Tjqka f.ka tla
;eke;a ; l= iuÕ" m% Y a k úpdrñka ud
.uka.;a wjia:dj, § Tyq ta m%Yakj,g ksis
ms<;s r
= e imhk w;r u ;u ,sùu fkdlvjd
lf<a h' ud lshk fohg weyqïlka §ug
fyda uf.a l=;+y,h ikay÷ùug fyda ,sùu
kj;d" úfYaI mßY%uhla fkd ord u Tyq
;u ,sùfï lghq;a; ndOd rys; j lrf.k
.s f ha h' jkpdßhl= fu;rï mßmQ ¾ K
ukilska hqla; ùu uf.a buy;a úiauhg
fya;= úh' Tjqkaf.ka fndfyda fofkl=g u
mdfya tjeks yelshdjla ;sfnk nj uu miq j
oek.;sñ '''ZZ10
,efldïfí ;=< ,xldjdiSka ms<sn`o j
meje;af;a hym;a Ñ;%hla fkdjk nj
by; WoaOD;fhka fmkS h;;a" ,dxlslhka
.%ka:lrKfha oelajQ úYsIag;ajh ms<sn`o j
Tyq wjxl j u i`oyka lr ;sîu ie,elsh
hq;a;ls'
fndfyda úg .sys fn!oaOhka wd.ñl
.%ka: rpkd lsÍu msKsi t<eUqKq wdldrh
ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq lrk úg fmkS
hkafka" yqfola Tjqka ;=< nqÿ oyu yd ta
flf¾ we;s <eÈhdj fldf;la o hkak
hs ' tfia u we;eï mq i a f ld< ms g m;l
f,aLlhd th rpkd l< l=i,h ;ud wh;a
fkdlr" th o úydrfha kdhl ysñhka
fjkqfjka fhojQ wdldrh fmfka' .,alkafoa
mq r dK rdcuyd úydrfha ;s î yuq jQ
jD;a ; ud,dj mq i a f ld< f,a L khl w.
igyka lr ;snqfKa"
10.mSßia" /,a*a" 2005" isxy, iudc ixúOdkh ^uykqjr hq.h&"
fndr,eia.uqj( úisÿkq m%ldYlfhda" 113 msgqj'
 zzwfk wfm yduqÿrefjd f,djq;r
= d nqÿ
fj jdZZ hkqfjks'
fï uÕska kej; kej;;a meyeÈ,s
jkafka nqÿ oyu;a" úydrh;a iu`. fl;rï
ióm in|;djla mer‚hka ;=< ;snqfKa o
hkak hs' ta yer" mqiafld< fmd;aj, olakg
,enqKq iudma;s m%d¾:kd ie,elsh hq;=
m%udKhla nqÿ nj m;d isÿ l< tajd nj
fmks‚'
i. fu ,sjq msksx uu ksjka olsï jd
ii' fu ,sjq mskska f,djq;=rd nqÿ fjï jd
O¾u NdKavd.dßl fjka jd
iii' f,djq;=rd nqÿ fjï jd
iv' ffu;%S nqÿka o¾Ykfhka fk¾jdk.dó
fjï jd
v' m%{djka;hka flfrka w.% j fuf; nqÿx
oel ksjka olsï jd ksjx olsï jd
irKxlr ysñhka we;s l< wd.ñl
yd Ydia ; % S h mq k reofhka miq j jq j o
,xldfõ ie,elsh hq;= ;rul idlaIr;dj
iys; msßi w;r nyq;rh fn!oaO NslaIQka
jykafia,d jQy' tn÷ yelshdjla iys;
.syshka jQfha w;sYh iSud iys; j h' fmr
lshk ,o wdldrfhka rdcH ks,OdÍka"
m%N+ka" fjoeÿrka" fcHda;sIfõ§ka yd w;sYh
iSud iys; j idudkH iudcfha hï hï
fokd o jQ nj fmfka' tfyhska mqiafld<
f,aLk ld¾hh i|yd .syshl=g lsishï
wjYH;djla we;s jqjfyd;a idlaIr;dj
iys; fn!oaO NslaIqjl fyda .syshl= fyda
yuq ùug Tjqkag isÿ úh' tfia u f,aLk
ld¾hh i|yd u iqúfYaI jQ we;euqka o
;;ald,h jk úg isá nj fmfka' we;eï
m%N+kaf.a f,aLk ld¾hh i|yd o Tjqka
iydh jQ njla olakg we; ^fï i|yd
ksoiqka jYfhka flda,ï kdgH iïm%odfha
tk wdrÉÑ flda,u iu`. inhg meñfKk
25
z,shkmamqZ fmkajd Èh yels h' ,shkmamqf.a
tla w;l mqiafld< f,aLkhla o" wfkla
wf;a mkays|la o ord isák fia ksrEmKh
flf¾&' flfia fyda idlaIr;dj rys;
idudkH ckhd" idlaIr;dj we;s whg ñ,
f.jd mqiafld< f,aLk iïmdokh lr
.;ay' fufia ilia lr .;a f,aLk ms<ns `o j
f;dr;=re o fï jk úg yuq ù we;s msgm;a
wdY%hfhka u u;= lr .; yels h' my;
oelafjkafka .,alkafoa rdcuyd úydrfha
we;s n%yaucd, iQ;%h mqiafld< f,aLkhl
;snQ iudma;s igyk hs (
zzud;f,a wia.sß fldarf,a Wvish
m;a;=fõ w¿;a.u .srdwfUmsáfh f.or
Wmdilhd úis k a fï n% yucd, iQ ; a ; % h
,shjd nrmeka f.jd ksodia Wkd we; Yu
ish¿ fokdg u mska ,nd .kk fyd`o hs෴
tu Wmdilhd f.a bia;%S;a m%:ufhuu fï
foaikdjg odhl hs ,sjq we;a;dg;a mska
,efí jdZZ
hula lula we;s yels wh jqj o ñ,
f.jd mqiafld< f,aLk ,shjd .ekSug
fhduq jQ wdldrh ms<sn| ksoiqkls my;
oelafjkafka' Wmqgd .ekSu fud<f.dv
rdcuyd úydrfha mqiafld< msgm;lsks'
zzYljI_ tCjdoyii;aish wiQ myg
meñks fuu jI_fhys jla ui mqr i;jl
Kï ;sÓh ,;a i÷ Èk ,shjd ;SJÿ lrmq
i;sm`Gdk iQf;% mo wekqu m;;sre y;,sia
kjhla o ifkka m;;sre mKia y;la o
fï m;;sre tlish yhg m;;srejg mekai
fol ne.ska fiaru uqo, remsh,a kjh hs
mekai fol hs fu muK nrmeka f.jd
fï fmd;a jyfJIa ,sfhõfõ fud,f.dv
r;akelaf.or lxldKka ks,fu jk uu
úiska f,djq;=rd nq`OFjh m%dF:_kd lrñka
,sfhõjd h'ZZ m%udKfhka úYd, m%udKfha
mqiafld< f,aLk msgm;a lrkqfha fndfyda
úg fofokl= f.a fyda lSm fokl= f.a
fyda iyNd.s;ajfhks' úfYaIfhka mkaish
mkia cd;l fmd; jeks .%ka:hla ms<sn`o
wjOdkh fhduq flfrk úg fuh jvd;a
lemS fmfkhs' fï wdldrfhka mqiafld<
f,aLkh lSm fokl= f.a iyNd.s;ajfhka
msgm;a jk úg ta i|yd ta ta mqoa.,hka
fjkqfjka ,nd ÿka m;a bre ms<sn| j
.,alkafoa rdcuyd úydrfha ;sî yuqjQ
mqiafld< f,aLkhl igyka j meje;sfha
fufia h'
zzcd;l fmdf;a 1 fjks ldfJâ .=re
m;;sre 200 la ;=reú, wmmqydñ fjord, o 2
fjks ldfJâ tu m;;sre 100 la lsrf,d.u
wmmqydñ fj,a úodfka o 3 fjks ldfJâ tu
m;;sre 50 la fk,nql=,fï yduqÿrejkag o
4 fjks ldfJâ tfia u 30la ±kg ;=reú,
is á k u,,ydñg iy 5 fjks ldfJâ
tu m;;sre 100la uvj,.u wmmq ,shk
khsfog;a Bg f.da, m;;sre;a iu. ndr
wiQ my hs - yh fjks ldfJâ mkia my hs
.=re fmdf;a f.da, fmdf; mk hs u,aydñ
Ndfr j,.xmdyqfj mkai,a úodfkag 7 fjks
ldf`v m;a bre 20ila .=re fmdf;ka iy
f.da, fmdf;kq;a ÿkkd hZZ
by; kdudj,s f ha tk ;= r eú,
wmamqydñ fjord<" lsrf,da.u wmamqydñ
fj,a úodfk" uvj,.u wmamq ,shk khsfoa"
j,.xmdyqfj ^j,.xndyqj& mkai,a úodfk
jeks mqoa.,fhda .syshka jYfhka lsishï
wdldrhl jeoe.;alula iys; j isá wh h'
tfia u fuys tk .%du kdu .;a úg tajd
o lsf,daóg¾ 2-20 olajd ÿr m%udKj,ska
msysá .ï ùu ;j;a iqúfYaI ldrKhls' fï
msgm; wkqj mqiafld< f,aLk ld¾hhl
ksu.ak jk úg ta i|yd iyNd.s lrjd
.; yels idlaIr;djla iys; jQjka úúO ÿr
26
m%udKj, msysá .ïj,ska tl;= lr iyNd.s
lrjd .;a wdldrh oel .; yelsh'
tfia u fï f,a L kfha ;j;a
iqúfYaI fhÿï folla oel.; yels h'
ta z.=re fmd;Z yd zf.da, fmd;Z hkq hs'
lsishï mqiafld< f,aLkhla n,d fjk;a
ysia msgm;l igyka flfrk úg rpkd
lr we;s uq,a msgm; .=re fmd; kñkq;a"
tys m;a bre .=re fmdf;a m;a;sre kñkq;a
y÷kajk ,È' f,aaLkh i`oyd ilia l<
ysia mqiafld< fmd; f.da, fmd; kñkq;a"
tys m;a bre f.da, fmdf;a m;a;sre kñkq;a
y÷ka j d we;' mq i a f ld< f,a L k l,dj
iïnkaO mdßNdIsl Yío ms<sn| wjOdkh
fhduq flfrk úg fï m;a brej jeo.;a
jkafka fï ldrKh fya;=fjks'
tfia u ,xldfõ mqiafld< f,aLk
ld¾hh i`oyd m%fõY jQ úúO l=, ms<sn`o
woyia ,nd .; yels wdldrfha igyka o
olakg ,efí' ksoiqkla jYfhka my;
i|yk foi wjOdkh fhduq lrkq jà'
zz,shjkag odhlfhd kï u,úmiisii
NsCIqJjyfJIa o yria.u ÿ..drd,,e f.orl
jQ rd, o w.,j ueksla ÿr f.or ueksld
ÿrhd o tu .u l=, fyajd ÿr f.or Wll=jd
ÿrhd o fu y;r fokd úisx ner mex
f.jd l¨ ue`o by i`oyJjQQ WJjyfJIag u
mQcd l,d hZZ
f.dú.u" ro, fkdjQ hï hï msßia
mqiafld< f,aLk ld¾hh i|yd m%fõY
jQ wdldrh;a" Tjqka fkd iÕjd iajlSh
wkkH;dj m%o¾Ykh l< wdldrh;a wkqj
wmg ks.ukh l< yels ldrK lSmhls'
1' ;ukaf.a l=,h fyda wkkH;dj fyda
ms<sn| m%isoaêfha i`oyka lsÍu ;ukag
,Êcdjg lreKla fkdjk njg
Tjqkaf.a meje;s ms<s.ekSu'
2' ;ukaf.a wkkH;dj ie`.úh fkdyels
jk wdldrfha nrm;< iudc mSvkhla
f.dú.u l=,fhka msg; l=,j, jQjka
úIhfhys fkdmeje;Su'
3' wd.ñl ikao¾Nhla hgf;a ish,a,ka
u tlsfkldf.ka fjkia fkdjQ fmdÿ
tallhla jYfhka ie,elSu'
4' j¾;udkfha idlÉPd flfrk wdldrfha
l=, úIu;djla iudcfha fkdmej;Su'
zwdrÉÑZ ;k;= r jeks iudcfha
ls i s h ï jeoe.;a ks , hla oerEjka mjd
mqiafld< f,aLk msgm;a lsÍfï ld¾hh
fjkqfjka wjOdkh fhduq l< wdldrh
fkdfhla jr olakd ,È' .,alkafoa mqrdK
rdcuyd úydrfha we;s mqiafld< msgm;lska
Wmqgd .;a mdGhla my; oelafõ(
zztmmdj, fldrf,a ;sìßhd ;=,dfk
udj;jefõ mÈkaÑ chiqJor uqÈhkafi,d
f. Wvhdfr ysgmq wdrpÑ, úiska by;
lS fldrf,a flda J jefj mÈxÑ fya r ;a
uqÈhkafi,d f. äka.%s t;kSg ,shjd ÿkkd
h hs mska msksiZZ
ta wkqj fn!oaO NslaIQka jykafia"
fjoeÿrka " úúO rdcH ks , OdÍka yd
m% N + k a " fcHd;s I fõÈka wdÈ úúO ms ß ia
mqiafld< f,aLk msgm;a lsÍfï ld¾hfhys
ksu.ak jQ wdldrh;a" fn!oaO mßirhl
Tjqka Bg wkq.; jQ wdldrh;a" fufia ilia
jQ iudc mßirh ,xldfõ wd.ñl Ydia;%Sh
l%shdj,sfhys,d w;sYhska jeo.;a N+ñldjla
ksrEmKh l< wdldrh;a jgyd .; yels
h' ,xldfõ Ydia;%Sh wOHdmkh fn!oaO
fjfyr úydr flakaø lr.ksñka meje;s
tlla ksid fndfyda wjia:dj, úúO úIh
moaO;Ska weiqre lr.;a mqiafld< f,aLk
ks¾udKh ùula o fï uÕska mefkhs' fmr
27
fkdjQ úrE wdldrfhka mqiafld< f,aLk
ld¾hh i`oyd iudÔh keUqrejla we;s
ùug je,súg irKxlr ix>rdc ysñhkaf.a
fufyhùu yd Wka jyka f ia f .a jev
ms<sfj< o fya;= jQ nj o ie,lsh yelsh'
wdY%s; .%ka: kdudj,sh
Ssasanavamsa, (ed.) (1897). Mabel Bode. London:
Published for the Pali Text Society by Henry
Frowde.
;siai ysñ" fudr.,af,a isß [dfKdNdi' ^1999&'
Oïumo újrKh' fld<U( iS u diys ; weï' ã'
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weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda'
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tys wlaIr igyka lr ;nkqfha mkays`o
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mq i a f ld< f,a L k úúO úIh mokï
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f,aLk ie,lsh hq;= ixLHdjla o yuq fjhs'
§mjxih" uydjxih" jxi;a:mamldisksh"
mQcdj,sh wdÈ lD;s tA w;r lemS fmfkhs'
tfy;a i|yka l< m%lg lD;sj,g wu;rj
úo.a O iudcfhka wE;a j we;eï úg
28
pQ, idys;H
iïm%odfha
mqiafld<
f,aLk
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Ndck fkdjQ mqiafld< f,aLk rdYshla
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iïm%odfha idys;Hh f,i ye|skafõ'
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pQ, iïm%odh yd uyd iïm%odh hk
kHdh hqfrdamd flakaøSh jQjls' frdnÜ
frâ*S,aâ úiska rpkd lrk ,o Peasant
Society and Culture kue;s lD;sfha Ndú;
kHdhs l lreKq Wmfhda . s lr .ks ñ ka
.Kkd;a Tfífialrhka rpkd l< zisxy,
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ks¾udK fyda ixl,am fyda uyd iïm%odh
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njhs' tA wkqj uyd iïm%odh Tiafia ,shejqKq
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pQ, iïm%odh Tiafia ,shejqKq fmd;am;a
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rÑ; tA j d h' tfy;a fuu iïm% o dh
foflys u tls f klg n,mdk fmdÿ
,la I K fuka u tls f kls k a tls f klg
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fndfyda úg .eñ iïm% o dh .re lrk
pQ , idys ; H iïm% o dh" uyd iïm% o dfha
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.eñ iïm%odhg wkkH ,laIK iuqodhla o
pQ, idys;Hfhys oel .; yelsh'
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f,aLk
pQ , idys ; H iïm% o dhg wh;a
mqiafld< f,aLk" j¾. lsysmhlg fnod
oelaúh yels h' tA
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2' ú;a;s fmd;a
3' lvhsï fmd;a
4' nKavdrj,s
5' úia;r
6' mgqka fmd;a
7' Wm;a l;d
8' l:d fmd;a
29
wdÈ jYfhks' neÆ ne,aug u fïjd kdñlj
tlsfklg fjkiaj fmkqK o wka;¾.;h
yd wdlD;s f,i fjkia jkafka b;d w,am
j h'
fmdÿ ,laIK
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yels fmdÿ ,laIK lsysmhla ms<sn| j
wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu jeo.;a fjhs' we;eï
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tys wka ; ¾.; yd ls i s ÿ iïnka O hla
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jkaks rdcdj,sh Bg ksoiqkls' tys kduh
weiQ ie‚ka hul=g is;g kef`.kqfha
th jka k s md,lhka ms < s n | úia ; r
we;=<;a ,sheú,a,la jkakg we;s njhs'
tfy;a ieneúka u tys wka;¾.; jkqfha
le,Ks;siai rcq úiska ry;ka jykafia
kula f;,a lgdrul oud msßksjka mEug
ie,eiajQ isÿùfï isg fojk rdcisxy rdcH
iuh olajd jQ furg b;sydifha rcjreka
lsysm fofkl= ms<sn`o j lrk úia;rhls'
^2005( 36- 1 36&' tu úia ; r o uydjxih
we;¿ uyd iïm%odfha idys;H lD;sj, tk
úia;rj,ska ñ§ úúO ck l;d yd m%jdo
w¨;ska tla lrñka ilia l< tAjd h ^2005(
38" 49&' óg wu;rj lvhsï fmd;aj, oelsh
yels N+ñ úia;r we;=<;a fldgia o jkaks
rdcdj,sfhys nyq,j oel.; yels h ^28-34"
52-55&'
mqkrela;s nyq, ùu fuka u tl u
l;d mqj;a .oHfhka yd moHfhka hk
fohdldrfhka u bÈßm;a lsÍu pQ, idys;H
iïm%odhg wh;a we;eï lD;sj, oelsh yels
;j;a fmdÿ ,laIKhls' u,, ú;a;s" u,,
l:dj jeks ,sheú,s óg lÈu ksoiqka h'
tajdys u,, l=udrjrekaf.a ,xld.ukh
.oHfhka yd moHfhka wjia:d lsysmhl §
u i|yka lr ;sfí ^u,, ú;a;s 2005( 16-25;
u,, l:dj 2005( 45-49&'
NdId Ndú;fha §" úfYa I fhka
jHdlrK Í;s iïnkaOfhka ms<s.;a úo.aO
iïm%odh fjkqjg .eñhd úiska Ndú; ir,
fïjdys NdId rgdj lemS fmfkk fmdÿ
,laIKhla fjhs' rdcdj,sh óg ksoiqkls'
my; oelafjkqfha tjeks WodyrKhls(
zz'''lS r je,a f ,a rd,ydñka v f.kd
ìfida woyiska je¥ ore i;afokd w;=frka
.EKq l=udßh Wvq.ïm, Wka il,l,dj,a,
rc b`Èkd wjêfha u Wvrg rc lrk chùr
rÊcqrejkav ÿkakdy' tA l=udßhg wlald
lshkav fhda.H ksid lkaoWv Woúhg
udhdÿkafka rÊcqrefjda jeähhs oek.;
hq;=hsZZ ^rdcdj,sh 1997( 225&'
zz.EKq l=udÍ" wlald lshkavZZ wdÈ
jpk idudkH .eñ jHjydrfha Ndú; tAjd
úkd f,aLkfha § fhdod.kq ,nk tAjd
fkdfjhs' fndfyda úg fuu l;=jreka ,sx.
fNaoh" Wla; wdLHd; iïnkaO;dj" mqreI
fNaoh wdÈ Í;s ms<sn| ie,ls,a,la olajd
fkdue;s njg my; i|yka WodyrKh
lÈu idlaIHhls(
zzuyd iïu; rcq mq ; a frda c kï
rc wixLHhla wjq r eÿ rc flf<a h"
t;eka mgka foúfhda rcqkag wrlaf.k
fkdisákdy" tA ìij tA rcqg cd;l lr
cka;= kï mqf;l= jeÿjdyZZ ^rdcdj,sh 1997(
157" 159" 162&'
fuh rdcdj,shg muKla fkdj pQ,
iïm%odhg wh;a ish¨ u rpkdj,g fmdÿ
,laIKhla fjhs'
is h lD;s j , wka ; ¾.; is o a ê yd
Bg uq,a jQ ld,jljkq ms<sn| j olajk
fkdie,ls,a, fuu f,aLk ish,af,ys u
30
mdfya wvqjeä jYfhka y÷kd.; yels
;j;a fmdÿ ,laIKhla f,i ±laúh yels h'
fmdÿfõ nqjfklndyq kï rc flfkl=f.a
ld,jljkqjg fndfyda isoaê f.dkq lsÍu
tA i|yd we;s WodyrKhls ^u,, ú;a;s
2005( 28-29; u,, l:dj 2005( 47; jkaks
Wm; 2005( 25-26&' u,, ú;a;s" u,, l:dj
yd jkaks rdcdj,sh hk lD;s ;=fkys u
Nd;sldNh rcqf.a md,k iufha isÿ jQ k,
kue;s uqo,sfhl=f.a wdl%uKhla ms<sn| j
i|yka fjhs ^jkaks rdcdj,sh 2005( 62;
u,, ú;a;s 2005( 160" u,, l:dj 2005(
45&' tfy;a fuh uyd iïm%odfha uQ,dY%hkays
ljr ;efkl fyda oelsh yels isoaêhla
fkdfõ'
l¾;D;ajh" wruqKq yd m%jdo
pQ , idys ; H iïm% o dfha mq i a f ld<
f,aLk úoHd¾Òkaf.a jeä m%idohg ,la j
we;s njla fkdfmfkhs' fkdi,ld yeßh hq;=
uQ,dY%h ldKavhla fia fïjd .eryqug ,la j
;sfí' th fujeks uQ,dY%hkays l;=jreka yd
Tjqkfa .a wruqKq f;areï fkd.ekSu fya;f = jka
we;s jQ ÿ¾u;hla nj fmkajd Èh hq;=h'
ieneúka u pQ, idys;H iïm%odhg wh;a
fndfyda uQ,dY%hj, l;=jre w{d;h' tAjd
,shejqKq ld,jljkqjla ms<sn|j ksYaÑ;j
lreKq ±laùu o W.ygh' Bg fya;= ù
we;af;a fuu fndfyda uQ,dY%h l;=jreka
lsysmfofkl= w;ska úúO ld,j, § l<
tl;= lsÍï u.ska ieliqKq tAjd ùuh'
fuu lD;s ,shefjkqfha oUfoKs wjêfhka
miq isÿ jQ m%Odk b;sydi Odrdfjka jika
jQ ixl%uK ud,djl m%;sM,hla f,isks'
fuf,i ixl%uKh jQ ck lKavdhï w;r
bka§h iïNjhla iys; msßi nyq;rh jQy'
Tjq k a w;= ß ka jeä ms ß ila ol= K q
bka§h m%foaYj, isg meñKs wh fj;s'
 rdcdj,s mqiafld< fmd;
fuu idxl%uKslhka bkaÈhdjg t,a, jQ
uqia,sï wdl%uK yuqfõ mSvdjg m;a jQ msßia
h' ;u Ôjfkdamdhka wysñ jQ n%dyauKhka"
fldaú,aj, fiajh l< wDjf;ajlrejka"
m% d foa Y s l md,kh yd iïnka O ù is á
l=udrjreka" fjf<| jdKsc lghq;=j,
ksr; jQ fjf<kaoka" l=U,alrejka" hlv"
rka-ߧ jevlrejka" ,S jevlrejka" kdúl
hd;%d ;kkakka" frÈ fidaokakka" fnr
jhkakka" hka;% uka;% o;a hlafoiaika
wdÈ jQ úúO l=, f.da;%j,g wh;a msßia
isáfhda h ^u,, ú;a;s 2005( 25; u,,
l:dj 2005( 47-48&' tla tla ld,j, § iuQy
jYfhka ixl%uKh jQ fudjqyq ;;ald,Sk
rcjrekag jákdlñka by< úYd, oel=ï
bÈßm;a fldg .ïjr ,nd .;af;da ,laÈj
úúO m%foaYhkays mÈxÑ jQy ^u,, ú;a;s
2005( 27- 2 9; m% i x. 2014( 121- 1 22&' bka
jeä fldgila mq;a;,u" wdkTf,dkaodj"
uqkafkaiairu we;=¿ i;a fldar,fha o
;j;a úYd, msßila fyajdyeg we;=¿ uOHu
l÷lrhlg wh;a m%foaYhkays o ;j;a msßila
inr.uqj" i;r fldar,h" ;=ka fldar,h"
W!j- f j,a , ia i " ìka ; eka k " ;uka l vq j "
31
kqjrl,dúh yd ud;f,a hk m%foaYhkays o
;j;a úYd, msßila y,dj; isg ;x.,a,
ola j d jQ fjr<nv l,dmfha o iuQ y
jYfhka mÈxÑ jQy'
fuf,i mÈxÑ jQ idxl%u‚l bka§h
ckhd ish úcd;sl iïNjh fya;=fjka
tA jk úg ia j foa Y S h Wreulrejka f .a
ú ú O . e r yq ï j , g , l a j k a k g f y d a
úfrda O dl,a m hka g f.dÿrjka k g fyda
we;' tjeks úfrdaOdl,amj,ska ñ§u i`oyd
idxl%u‚lfhda l%u lsysmhla Ndú; lf<da
h' bka tlla jQfha ;uka furgg meñKsfha
;u wdÈ uq ; = ñ ;a ; ka f .a Wreuh kej;
,nd.ekSfï wruqKska nj lshdmEuh' tys §
Tjqyq ;u uq;= ñ;a;ka foajdkïmsh;siai
md,k iufha ÿñkaod.ukh;a iu`. meñKs
fu!¾h iïNjhla iys; fndaOydr l=,j,ska
mejf;kakka f,i lshdmEug Wkkaÿjla
±la j Q y ' Tjq k a f.;+ fujeks m% j doj,
fndaOydr l=,fhka mej; wd iqñ;a; l=ure
is h l= , mrïmrdfõ wdrïNlhd f,i
i|yka lr we; ^m%ix. 2015( 38&' fujeks u
;j;a m%jdohl fndaOydr l=,hg wh;a

fndaê.=ma; kï l=udrhl= ish fm<mf;a
wdÈ l¾;Djrhd f,i i|yka lrhs ^u,,
ú;a;s 2005( 26&' o<od jykafia ,laÈjg
jevujQ fyauud,d l=ußh yd oka; l=ure
;u fm<mf;a wdÈ;uhka f,i ie,lSug
lSrje,af,a idudðlhka fm,ö we;' ^YS%
fyauud,d nKavdrj,sh 278430&' bre.,a
nKa v dr mrmq f rys idudðlhka f .a wdÈ
ld,Skhd f,i i,lkqfha úch l=ure
iu. újdyùu i|yd bkaÈhdfõ uOqrdmqrfha
isg meñKs uOqrdmqr laI;s%h l=, l;ls
^nKavdrj,s iy lvhsï fmd;a 2005( 52&'
fï wkqj idxl%u‚l bka§h ckhd
furg ft;sydisl jYfhka ck m%idohg
,la jQ isÿùï ish wdÈ;uhkaf.a wd.ukh
isÿ jQ wjia:d f,i f.k yer olajd tu.ska
;ukag t,a, jQ úfrdaOdl,am ixi÷jd
.ekSug lghq;= l< nj meyeÈ,s fjhs'
th úfrdaOdl,am ixis÷ùug fukau iudc
ms<s.ekSu by< oud .ekSfï l%uhla f,i
o Ndú; jQfha h' ieneúka u fuu bka§h
idxl%ñlfhda ls%' j' 13 jk ishjiska miq
lKavdhï f,i meñK mÈxÑ jQjka úkd
32
wkqrdOmqrh wjêh ;rï wE; ld,hl §
isÿ jQ ÿñkaod.ukh" o<od jevu lsÍu wdÈ
isÿúïj,g iïnkaO jQ fm<m;aj,g lsisÿ
{d;s iïnkaOhla ke;af;dah h' .cnd mqj;
o idxl%u‚l ck lKavdhï f.;+ m%jdohla
f,i ie,lsh yels nj Tfífialr fmkajd
fohs ^2018( 178-211&'
foaYSh ckhdf.a úfrdaOdl,amj,ska
ñ§u i|yd idxl%u‚l bkaÈhdkqjka úiska
wkq.ukh lrk ,o ;j;a Wmdhla jQfha foaYh
S
ixialD;sfha fldgialrejka njg m;a ùu h'
wdjdy-újdy uÕska foaYSh l=, mrïmrd
iuÕ ne÷Kq fudjqyq nqÿoyu je,| .;a;d
muKla fkdj ish l=, mq;%hka iiqka.;
lsÍug o wu;l fkdlf<da h' tu`.ska Tjqyq
b;d blaukska isxy, fn!oaO YsIagdpdrfha
fldgialrejka njg m;a jQjd muKla fkdj
th fufyhjkakka njg o m;a jQy' lEr.,
jkr;k ysñ" fudrf;dg OïulaLkaO ysñ
wdÈ h;sjre bka§h iïNjhla iys; jQfjda
b;d ckms%h ;,fhys jecUqfKda h'
fuu idOl foi wjOdkh fhduq
lsÍfï § pQ, idys;H iïm%odhg wh;a
ks¾udK ìys ùfï miqìu jgyd.; yels
jkq we;' fndfyda ks¾udKj,ska f.kyer
oela f jkq f ha bka § h idxl% u ‚lhka f .a
isxy,lrKh ùfï lsh % dj,sh yd iïnkaO jQ
isoaêud,dj hs' tAjd iauD;s iajrEmfhka
mj;ajd f.k mrïmrd lsysmhla u meñKs
Tjqyq uykqjr wjêh jeks ld,jljkqjl §
f,a L khg keÕ= f jda h' tys § tl u
mrïmrdfõ mq o a . ,hka ls y s m fofkl=
ish mrmqr ms<sn| j u;lfha ;ndf.k
is á u| jYfhka tls f kls k a fjkia
jk l;d mq j ;a tl u lD;s h l ,s h d
;eîug lghq ; = l< nj o fmkS hhs '
tneúka fuu lD;sj, tl u l;d mqj;
wdldr lsysmhlska iq¿ fjkialï iys; j
bÈßm;a ù we;s ieá oel .; yels h'
iudf,dapkh
bka§h uQ,hla iys; mrïmrdjkays
furg wd.ukh lshdmEu" isxy,;ajfha
O¾u;djka g tl;= j Tjq k a is x y,hka
njg m;a ùu" rcjrekaf.ka ,o ;dkak
udka k yd jrm% i do f.kyer oela ù u"
foaYSh fm<m;aj,ska t,a, jQ wfkalúO
wNsfhda. ch.%yKh lsÍfï l%fudamdhla
f,i Ndú; lsÍu wdÈ lreKq pQ, idys;H
iïm%odfha fndfyda lD;s i|yd wruqKq
f,i jia;= fldg f.k we;' mqoa.,hka
lsysm fofkl=f.a iauD;s mokï fldg
.ks ñ ka ìys jQ fujeks lD;s ,s h Q tla
l;=jrhl= ms<sn| j wikakg fkd,efnk
neúka fïjd l;=jreka lsysm fofkl=f.a
ix.%y f,i ie,lSu fhda.H nj fmfkhs'
tmuKla fkdj pQ, iïm%odfha lD;s Tiafia
f.k yer oelafjk fndfyda m%jdo furg
idxl%u‚l ck lKavdï ms<sn| j flfrk
wOHhkhka y s ixl,a m jgyd .ekS u
úIhfhys ufydamldÍ jkafka h' tA wkqj
furg pQ, idys;H iïm%odfha mqiafld<
f,aLk m%Odk b;sydi Odrdfjka jika jQ
idxl%u‚l ck lKavdhï ms<sn`o u;lfha
ms<sìUqjla f,i ie,lSu fhda.H h'
wdYs%; .%ka: kdudj,sh
Tfífialr" .Kkd:' ^2018&' zzisxy, nqÿoyfï
m¾hdf,dalh ;=< uyd iïm%odh iy pQ, iïm%odh"ZZ
.Kkd;f.a rpkd" ixia' t,a' ã' ir;a ú;drK
we;¿ msßi" le,Ksh úYajúoHd,h( iudÔh úoHd
mSG m¾fhaIK uOHia:dkh" msgq' 60--85'
Tfífia l r" .Kkd:' ^2018&' zz.cndyq iy
fikal=Ügqjka( ixialD;sl ùrhska iy ckmolrK
mqrdfKdala;s"ZZ .Kkd;f.a rpkd" ixia' t,a' ã'
ir;a ú;drK we;=`M msßi" le,Ksh úYajúoHd,h(
iudchSh úoHd mSG m¾fhaIK uOHia:dkh" msgq'
178--211'
33
m%ix." Ô' mS' iór' ^2014&' zzñ,a,j ;U ikaki"ZZ
iïNdjkd" ^wgfjks fj¿u&" ixia' o¾YkS .=K;s,l
we;=`M msßi" fmardfoKsh úYajúoHd,hSh Ydia;% mSGh"
msgq' 105--125'
m%ix." Ô' mS' iór' ^2015&' zzly`o iqñ;% mrmqr"ZZ
National Conference on Buddhist Studies, ed. Ven.
Madagampitiye Vijithadhamma, University of Sri
Jayawardhanapura, Department of Pali and Buddhist
Studies, p. 38.
Tfífialr" .Kkd: we;=¿ msßi ^ixia'&' ^2005&'
nKa v drj,s iy lvhs ï fmd;a ' fld<U( weia '
f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda'
Tfífialr" .Kkd: we;=¿ msßi ^ixia'&' ^2005&'
u,, ú;a;sh" u,, l:dj iy rdcisxy rcqf.a
mD;=.Sis úfrdaë igka ms<sn|j i`oyka ú;a;s fmd; '
fld<U( weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda'
iqrùr" ta' ù' ^ixia'&' ^1997&' rdcdj,sh' wOHdmk
m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j'
Tfífialr" .Kkd: we;=¿ msßi ^ixia'&' ^2005&'
jkaks Wm;" jkaks ú;a;sh iy jkaks lvhsï fmd;'
fld<U( weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda'
Tfífialr" .Kkd: we;=¿ msßi ^ixia'&' ^2005&'
jka k s rdcdj,s h ' fld<U( weia ' f.dvf.a iy
ifydaorfhda'
fmardfoKsh úYajúoHd,fha m%Odk mqia;ld,h i;=
mqiafld< fmd;a tl;=j" YS% fyauud,d nKavdrj,s
w;amsgm;'
iór m%ix.
ixj¾Ok ks,OdÍ
v mqiafld<hg kj w¾:l:khla
Y%S ,dxflah merKs f,aLk l,dj yd
idys;H iïm%odhhka iïnkaOfhka
wjOdkh fhduq lr we;s fndfyda úoaj;=ka
mqiafld< f,aLkh flfrys o ie,ls,a,la
olajd ;sfnkq olakg ,efí' ishjia
lsysmhlg by; § uqøK ;dlaIKh y÷kajd
§ug fmrd;=j furg m%uqL f,aLk udOHh
jYfhka mqiafld<hg ysñj ;snQ wdia:dkh
ksid th wiajdNdúl jQjla fkdfõ' È.=
l,a mj;akd .=Kh w;ska fi,a,sms úiska
w;a lr .kakd ,o ;ek mqiafld<hg
ysñ fkdjQ kuqÿ" idudkH ck iudcfha
mqiafld< udOHh ckms%h úh' fuu ,smsh
mqiafld< f,aLk l,dj úia;r lsÍu ms◊Ksi
,shefjkakla fkdfõ' fuh fjka jkafka
zmqiafld<hZ hkakg ix.; wre;la biau;=
lrkq i`oyd h'
ishjilg wêl ld, mrdihla
;=< mqiafld< f,aLk iïm%odh flfrys
wjOdkh fhduq l<" mqiafld< fmd;a ms<sn`o
34
idlÉPd l< úoaj;=ka .Kk ishhlg
wvq fkdfõ' tfy;a wjdikdjlg fuka
mqiafld<h hkafkys wre; ú.%y lsÍu
i|yd Tjqkaf.a idlÉPdj, m%udKj;a
wjldYhla fjka j ke;' ke;fyd;a
ta f;audj Tjqka fndfyduhlf.a
wjOdkfhka ñ§ f.dia we;' ta ksid u
j¾;udkfha § o zmqiafld<hZ hk jpkh
m%dfhda.sl fkdjk yd wix.; núka
hq;= wre;lska jHjydr jkq fmfkhs'
ta' ù' iqrùr úiska rÑ; f,aLk iólaId
kï .%ka:fhys i|yka my; igyk fï
;;a;ajh ixlaIsma;j ksrEmKh lrkakls'
z'''fï f,aLlhkag ta .%ka: rpkh
i|yd fhda.H f,aLk øjHhla wjYH jkakg
we;' ta i`oyd f,aLk øjHh jYfhka
;,afld<h ilia lr.kakg we;' fï
;,afld< f,aLk øjHh y÷kajkq ,nkqfha
mqiafld< kñks' ;,afld<h mqiafld<h
kñka jHjydrhg m;a jQfha flfia o hkak
wo olajd u .egΩjlaj mj;S'''Z'
 mqiafld< hkafkys w¾: ú.%yh
i|yd jk wmf.a W;aidyfha § m<uqj
zmqiafld<Z hk jokg oekg bÈßm;a lr
we;s w¾:l:k bÈßm;a lrkq ,efí'
isxy, NdIdfjka mqiafld< hehs
jHjydr flfrk jok i|yd bx.%Sis
NdIdfjka Ola leaf yd Palm leaf hk joka
Ndú; lrkq ,efí' Ola hkq ;, .i
ye¢kaùu ms◊Ksi fou< NdIdfõ mj;akd
z´,dhsZ hkafkka ksmkakls' Palm hk
bx.%sis jpkh ;, fuka u ;,a .i o
we;=<;a l=,h i|yd j,x.=;dfjka hq;=
fjhs' nqreuh" bkaÈhdj jeks rgj, ;,a
fld<h o f,aLkh i|yd Ndú; lrk
kuqÿ ,xldfõ iq,n j ±lsh yelafla
;,fld< f,aLkhs' th ye|skaùu ms◊Ksi
Palm leaf hkakg jvd Talipot Palm leaf
jeks fhÿula WÑ; hehs fhdackd l<
yelsh'
zmqiafld< fmd;a yd f,aLk l,djZ
uefhka jQ ,smshl § wdkkao l=,iQßh zmsiQZ
hk w¾:h flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrñka
msßiqÿ lrk ,o hk woyi mqiafld<h
i|yd WÑ; jk kuq;a zmsiQZ hkak zmqiaZ
njg m;a ù hehs .ekSu NdId Í;shg
mriamr hehs ;SrKh lf<a h ^l=,ißh
1996&' fuys ,d msiQ hkq fow¾:hl
fhÈh yels nj fmkS hd hq;= h' tlla
kï zmsisk ,oZ fyj;a z;ïnk ,oZ hkq
hs' ;, fld< mqiafld< njg mßj¾;kh
lrk l%shdj,sfha § ;eïîug ,la lsÍu
m%Odk wjia:djla fjhs' fld<h u; /£
we;s hï wmøjH wdÈhla fõ kï tajd zmsi
oud bj;a lrk ,oZ hkq fojeks w¾:fhka
.uH flfrhs' wl=re lemSfuka miqj isÿ
lrkq ,nk l¿Ω ue§u yd iqÿ ue§fï § o
msi oeóula isÿ jk nj fuys ,d isysm;a
lghq;= h' wl=re ukd j u;= j taug ta
35
msi ±óï Wmldr fjhs' tfy;a msi ±óu
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f.k m%Odk kdulrKh we;s fõ hehs
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kï .%ka:fhys wre;a imhd we;s úúO
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yg ia ùu fu nfia ikaÈ kshfrls' b;sy;a
> b;syia he ZZ ^2000(159&'
wyqnqÿf.a u;h kj;djlska hq;=
kuqÿ fnfyúka u .e¨ldÍ jkakls'
mqiafld<fha uq,ska u nqÿ oyu ,sheù◊
hehs ks.ukh lrk ,oafoa l=uk uQ,dY%hla
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Ndú; lf<a hehs fyda ;, fld< Ndú;
fkdlf<a hehs fyda ms<s.ekqug idOlhla o
Tyq bÈßm;a lr ke;' miql, jqj o ;,
fld<fhys ,shejqfKa nqÿoyu muKla
fkdfõ' fjk;a fndfyda ±kqï .nvd
lrk ,oafoa ta u; h' túg tjeks fjk;a
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;, fld<hg mqiafld<h hehs Ndú; lsÍu
wkqÑ; fkdjkafka ±hs m%Yak l< yelsh'
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mqrdúoHdj fjí wvúhg zz,laÈj merKsu
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uefhka imhk ,o ,smshl § ;siai nKavdr
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fkd,shQ ysia fld<hZ hk f,isks'
tfiau zmqyq f.äZ hkak fmd;la fuka
iE¥ ;,fld< ñáh f,i ye¢kafjhs'
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36
wm okakd mßÈ mqiafld<h hkakg
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woyi iudc.; lrjk ,oafoa fnkacñka
la,*a ^Benjamin Clough& msh;=uka úisks'
t;=uka úiska 1892 j¾Ifha § m< lrk
,o isxy, bx.%sis YíofldaIfhys fï
woyi olakd ,efí' ,sùug fyda iSÍug
fyda ilid .kakd ,o ;,a .fiys ysia
fld<h mqiafld< fj;ehs bka lshefõ'
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hkafkys zysiaZ w¾:hla ±lSfuks' tu w¾:
±laùu my; Wmqgd olajuq'
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tfia jqj;a zmqiaZ hkakg zysiaZ hk
w¾:h wdfrdamKh lrk ,oafoa l=uk
mokulska oehs meyeÈ,s ke;' th zmqiaZ
hkafkys tla wre;la muKla jk neúks'
je,súáfha fidar; ysñhka úiska
iïmdokh lrk ,o iqm%lg Y%S iqux.,
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zfmd;la fuka iE¥ ysia ;,afld< ñáhZ
hkqfjka meyeÈ,s lr ;sfí ^1956(592&' ta
wkqj mqiafld< hkq zysia fld<Z nj Wka
jykafia ms<s.;a nj fmfkhs' fï i|yd
idys;Hfhka kso¾Yk § ke;' wfkla w;ska
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isxy, YíofldaIfhys z,sùug iqÿiq mßÈ
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fun÷ w¾: ±laùula we;' ^n,kak"
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la,*a Yío fldaIfhys w¾:l:kh Tjqkg
n,md we;'
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ksnkaOh mdol ù we;af;a Y%S,xldfõ
mqiafld< f,aLk iïm%odh úuid ne,Suhs'
tys tla ;efkl zmqiafld<Z hkafkys
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lsysmhla Bg wod< fldgf.k we;' ta
ish¨ u;jdo weiqßka ,.uqj wkqudk
lr we;af;a zmsi oud msßiqÿ l< ysia ;,a
fld<hZ mqiafld< hkqfjka woyia lrk
,o nj hs' by; woyiaj, fkdÿgq zmsi
ouk ,oZ hk wu;r fldgila ,.uqjf.a
wkqudkhg tla jQfha wehs ±hs is;d .ekau
wmyiq ke;' Y%S iqux., YíofldaIfhys
zmqiaZ hk jokg w¾: jYfhka imhd we;s
zmsi oeófuys mqiS mqis;a" msiS msis;a" msis msiSZ
hk ú.%yh ^fidar; ysñ 1956( 592& Tyqf.a
37
ksÍlaIKhg ,lajkakg we;' fï woyi
fnfyúka .eg¨ldÍ h' zmqiaZ hkq msi ±uQ
kï zysia ;,a fld<hZ woyia úh hq;af;a
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mqiafld< hkq ysia fld< kï tjeks
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yelshdjla mej;sh fkdyels h'
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hehs mejiSu fnfyúka wix.; yd
w;d¾lsl w¾:l:khls' fï .eg¨j úiπ
.kq ms◊i m%d:ñl uQ,dY%h flfrys wjOdkh
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jkqfha j<.ïnd rcq úiska l=;a:ßlal=,
uyd;siai f;reka úIhfhys isÿ lrk ,o
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fla;lS m;%hl fyj;a jegfla fld<hl
;;a f,aLkh igyka lrk ,± hs lshefõ ^u'
j' xxxiii.51&' th merKsf,aLkh iïnkaO
uq,a u idlaIHh fkdjk kuq;a Ydluh
f,aLk udOHhla i|yka lrk m<uq
wjia:dj h' ;, fld<h f,aLk lghq;=
i|yd uq,a jrg wdfoaY lr .kakd ,oafoa
l=uk jljdkqjl ±hs ksYaÑ; j lsj yels
fkdfõ' hg;a msßfihska l%s' mQ' m<uq jk
ishji jk úgj;a th ils%hj mj;skakg
we;' l%s' j' mia jk ishjiska miqj mqiafld<
f,aLkh jvd fõ.fhka me;sr .sfha hehs
wkq u dk ls Í u hq l a ; s h q l a ; jka f ka
tu ld,mÉÉfþofhys ieu wxYhl u
ola k d ,efnk j¾OkS h yd jHdma ; s l
iajNdjh l,amkdjg .ekSfuks' uydjxih
38
wjia:d lsysmhl § u fmd;a ms<sn| i|yka
lr we;;a ta j d zmq i a f ld< fmd;a Z hehs
fkdls h hs ' tfy;a uyd mßudK O¾u
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u fmdf,dkakre hq.fha;a m%uqL f,aLk
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'''nq;airfka fmd;ajyfkI kuhs
l;dji;= fmd;ajyfkI kuhs i`Ouu
w,kaldr l;dji;= fmd;a jyfkI
kuhs iQniQ;;fr fmd;ajyfkIahs'''''
^tu 2016(455&
mqiafld<j, ,shk ,o f,aLk jk
kuq;a Rcqj u mqiafld< ,sms fyda mqiafld<
fmd;a fyda hkqfjka y÷kajd §ulska
f;drj ;,am;" nKfmd;" m;%h" fmd;m;
wdÈ j¾. .uH lrk fhÿïj,ska ±laùu
tjl mqiafld< hk jpkh wo fuka nyq,
jHjydrhl fkdmeje;s nj fmkajk
idOlhla ùug bv ;sfí' 19 jk ishji
jk úg;a mqiafld< hk fhÿu idys;H
uQ,dY%fhys fnfyúka úr, h' tfy;a
idudkH jHjydrfha th wNdú; úKehs
ñka woyia fkdflfrhs' óg by; o
uQ,dY%h fldg .kakd ,o ix>rdc idOq
pßhdfjys we;=<;a my; i|yk neÆj
uekeú'
z'''ta ia:dfkka msg;aj tk w;ru.§
u foda,dj Wkjd WK ,Sh mqiafld< uÈk
fia kshu lr ñksiqkag foñka'''Z^05&'
zmqiafld<Z hkak Rcq j u i|yka
jk fuf;la wm fj; ,enqKq merŒu
wjia:dj fuhhs' fuu i|yk mqiafld<
ilia lsÍfï l%shdj,sfha w;rueÈ
wjia:djla jk lf|a ue§u iy iïnkaO h'
;ïnd fõ<k ,o ;,m;g uDÿ u;=msgla
yd Tmhla ,efnkqfha th ue§ug ,la
lsÍfuks' ix>rdc idOq pßhdjg iuld,Sk
fyda ;rula mYapd;a ld,Sk fyda úh yels
fjiaika;r ldjHh zmqiafld<Z hkak
i|yka ;j;a uQ,dY%hls' tys we;=<;a
tla lfjlays zfolfka mqiafld< f;davq
;snQjg nKfmd;a ,shjd fo[a[hsZ hk
moh olakd ,efí' folkays mqiafld<
me,£u wkqrdOmqr hq.fha §;a isÿ lrk
,o njg idOl mj;S' tfia m,¢k ,oafoa
;, fld< lene,s nj b;d meyeÈ,s h'
iïfudayúfkdaoksfha COdk úNx.h ;=<
zlKKms,JO ;d,m;;d§iq úkspPfhdZ
he hs lshk ,È ^i' ú' 235&' we;eï úg
fï i|yk ;, fld< me,£u iïnkaO
merŒu idys;H uQ,dY%h idOlh ùug
bv ;sfí' z;d,m;a;Z hk jok ;, fld<
i|yd fuka u ;,afld< i|yd o fhÈh
yels kuqÿ ,dxflah ikao¾Nfhys ,d bka
.uH jkqfha ;, fld<h hs'
j¾;udkfha fndfyda úoaj;=ka
úiska mqiafld< hkakg ,nd fok ,o
zysia fld<hZ hk wre; idjoH kï tjeks
woyila we;s lr .ekSug fya;= jQ ;j;a
miqìula o fmkajd Èh yelsh'
iuka;mdidÈldfõ pQ,j.a.
jKaKkdfõ WoafoaiN;a;l:d hgf;a
.reNKav ms<sn| isÿ lrk ú.%yh fuys ,d
w;sYh jeo.;a h' .reNKav kï ljf¾ o"
.reNKav fkdjkafka ljf¾ o hkq
tys úia;r fjhs' zwgGx.=,mmudfKdZms
ß;a;fmdF:fld .reNKvx tjZ hk mdGh
o Bg wod<j olajd ;sfí ^S.P. 1243&' ta wkqj
wg`.=,a muK jQ o ysia fmd; .reNdKavhla
jkafka h' fuys zß;a;fmdF:fldZ kï
fkd,shk ,o fmd;hs' wNsOdkmam§msldfõ
o zisiaZ ^foh& i|yd imhd we;s w¾: w;r
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isysm;a lghq;= h' úkhúksÉPfha LkaOl
l:dfjys o zwÜGx.=,mamudfKdZms .relx
ß;a;fmdF:fldZ hehs lshk ,È ^209&'
41
md;sfudlaL jKaKkdj jk lxLdú;r◊fha
o úkh wgqjdfõ ±lafjk mdGh u i|ykaj
;sfí ^l' ú' 159&' iïfudayúfkdaoksfha
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my; ú.%yh bÈßm;a lrhs'
z'''ti ;dj lsxiqlm;;
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.reNKvx" k ;f;d mrx" frdmsu;df,iq
innums .reNKvx" ;ii mudKx
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ßF:fmdF:fld'''ZZ^235&
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;,a fld< úksi h' ;, fld< o fï
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l< ;, jkfhys bfí yg.;a ;, fld<
o .reNKav fõ' iSud fkdl< fldgi
fkdfõ' frdamKh lrk ;,j, ish,a,
.reNKav fõ' tys m%udKh wju jYfhka
wx.=, wgla jk ysia fmd;la''''''&
lxLdú;r◊hg imhk ,o isxy, mo
ix.%yhla jk lxLú;rŒmsgfmdf;ys
by; uQ,dY%hj, i|yka jQ zß;a;fmdF:lZ
hkak my; ±lafjk mßÈ ú.%y fjhs(
ß;a;fmdF:fld - mqiam;a f.äh o(
fuhska mqiam;a NdckSh nj lSyq ^l' ú' ms'
111&'
fkd,shk ,o fyj;a ysia hk wre;a
§u i|yd mqia hk jok Ndú; lrk ,o
wdrïNl wjia:djla f,i fuh y÷kajd
Èh yels h' wmg ±kg ,eî we;s idOlj,g
wkqj zmqia m;aZ hkq i|yka uq,a u wjia:dj
fuhhs'
lxLdú;r◊hg imhk ,o
àldj úkh;a:uxcQid kñ' tys
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meyeÈ,s lr we;af;a u;= i|yka mßÈ h(
zz'''wÜGx.=,mamudfKdmsZ;s úF:dßf;d
wÜGx.=,mamudfKd( ,sÅ;fmdF:fldmk
.reNKavx k fyd;s'''''ZZ^256&'
fuu ú.%yhg tlaj we;s kjuq
fldgi wmf.a idlÉPdjg jvd;a
m%fhdackj;a jkakls' bka lshd we;af;a
,shk ,o fmd; ^,sÅ;fmdF:fld&
.reNdKavhla fkdjk njhs' ±ka
;=,kd;aul jgyd .ekaula ms◊i wmg
wjia:d ie,iS ;sfí' tkï" iuka;mdidÈld
lxLdú;rKS"◊ iïfudayúfkdaokS" úkhúksÉP
wdÈ uQ,dY%hj, i|yka zß;a;fmdF:lZ
hkafkys úreoaO moh z,sÅ;fmdF:lZ
hkqfjka fmkS isák njhs' zßF:Z yd
z,sÅ;Z hk jpkoajh u zfmdF:lZ
hkakg úfYaIK jYfhka fh§ ;sfí'
ta wkqj zfmdF:lZ fyj;a zfmd;Z ,shk
,oaola i`oyd o" fkd,shk ,oaola i|yd o
jHjydr lsÍfï yelshdj mj;S' tfy;a
uykqjr wjêh jk úg bka fnfyúka u
woyia lrk ,oafoa ,shk ,o fmd;hs'
nqoaOf>daiqmam;a;sfhys z,sÅ;fmdF:lZ
hk jokg fnfyúka iudk z,sLdms:dks
.J:dksZ hk fhÿu we;=<;aj we; ^B. G.
60&'
fï ish¨ idOl tlaj .;a úg isÿj
we;s foa meyeÈ,s h' .reNdKavhla jk
ßF:fmdF:lh fyj;a zfkd,shk ,o fmd;Z
i|yd lxLdú;rŒmsgfmdf;ys zmqiam;a
f.ähZ hkq fhdok ,È' we;af;ka u
Bg uq,a ù we;af;a zß;a;Z hkakg Rcq
mßj¾;khla ,nd §ug .;a W;aidyh hs'
wmf.a woyi kï ,shk ,o fmd; i|yd
z,sÅ;fmdF:lZ hkak Ndú; lrk ,o kï
fkd,shk ,o fmd; i|yd zw,sÅ;fmdF:lZ
42
hk jok Ndú; l< yelsj ;snQ njhs' ta
fjkqjg t;rï WÑ; he hs fkdyef`.k
zß;a;Z Yíohla we;=<;a lsÍfuka tys
ienE w¾:h ksis f,i .uH fõ he hs
lsj fkdyels h' lxLdú;rŒmsgmf;ys
zß;a;fmd;a:lZ hkakg m¾hdh isxy,
fhÿu f,i fh§ we;s zmqiam;aZ hk
jpkh la,*a msh;=ukaf.a fyda fjk;a
úoaj;l=f.a fyda wjOdkhg ,la ù
kï mqiafld< hkq zysia fld<Z h hk
woyig t<öug th ks¾Kdhlhla lr
.kakg we;ehs fhdackd lsÍug mqΩjks'
tfy;a j¾;udkfha mqiafld<j, ,shk
,o f,aLk ye¢kaùu ms◊i mqiafld<
fmd;a" mqiafld< ,sms" mqiafld< iïm%odh"
mqiafld< msgm;a jeks nyq, jHjydrh tlS
ysia fld< hk w¾:h iuÕ lsisÿ mEySula
we;s fkdlrhs'
wmf.a woyi kï zmqia m;aZ hkak
lxLdú;rŒ msgfmdf;ys wod< ikao¾Nh
;=< muKla jgyd .; hq;= njhs' th
miqld,Sk mqiafld< hk jHjydrh iu.
iudk lsÍug W;aiy fkdl< hq;= njhs'
zßF:Z hkakg zmqiaZ hk jok fkdfhdod
zfkd,shQZ jeks jokla Ndú; lrk ,oafoa
kï fï .egÆj mek fkdk.skakg bv
;sìKs◊' mqiafld< hkq ysia fld< fkdfõ
kï Bg Èh yels úl,am woyila fõ o@
ms<s;=r tfia h hkqhs' Bg miqìu ieliSula
f,i mqiafld< ieliSï l%shdj,sh
ixlaIsma;j wjOdkhg .; hq;= h' fï
l%shdj,sh mqiafld< f,aLk iïm%odh
ms<sn| ,sms f,aLkj, jßkajr idlÉPd lr
;sfí' my; ±lafjkafka f,aLk mqrdKh
.%ka:fha Wmqgkfhls'
zz'''<màjQ o" jhia.; jQ o ;, .iaj,
fld< mqiafld< ilia lrkq jia wNdú;
h' wjqreÿ 15-20 jhie;s kdUq,a ;,.ilska
fyd| yeá fïreKq fld< fkdúisfrk
fia lmd f.k fõf<kakg fmr msg brgq
nv brgq bj;a lr .; hq;= h' fld< w.
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Bg hd fldg wfkla fld< o wla ;nñka
fufia ;onoj isák fia wels<sh hq;=
h' fufia ilia lsÍug jÜgq .eiSuh hs
lsh;s' fï whßka ms<sfh, fldg .;a jÜgq
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Èh j;a fldg iq<x fkdjÈkq i`oyd jÜgq
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;=re fõ<d kej; mskafka ;nd hg ±lajqKq
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ù ±l=ïlÆ ù we;s' kej; jÜgq .id ÿï
jÈk fia ,sm u;af;a jQ ÿï ueiafia ;n;s'
iqÿiq m%udKhla fld< f.k u| fõ,djla
Èfha nyd fm`.=Kq miq Y=oaO lrk ,o
mqjla l|l tl tl fld<h oud r;a ù
uefok ;=re tys fuyd we§u flf¾' ±ka
,sùug iqÿiq fia mqiafld< ilia ù we;s'
mqiafld<j, wlauq,a is| oud m%udKj;a
mßÈ lmd .ekSu ó<`.g isÿ fõ' iq,s ^isÿre&
lmd m;a ì| .;a mqiafld< fmd;af.äh
kñka ye¢kafõ'''ZZ^2006(61-62&'
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fmd; ne£u olajd jk l%shdj,sh my;
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1 ;, .i fjka lsÍu
2 iqn Èkhl f.dnh nd .ekSu
3 brgq bj;a lsÍu
4 jÜgq ieliSu
43
5 ;eïîfï l%shdj,sh
6 u| mjfka fõ<Su
7 wõfõ fõ<Su
8 f.ä jYfhka ne| ÿï ueiafia
;ekam;a lsÍu
9 ,S l|la Ndú;fhka fome;a; ueo
.ekSu
10 lmd m%udK lr .ekSu
11 isÿre lsÍu
12 r;.Eu
13 wl=re lemSu
14 lΩ¿ ue§u
15 iqÿ ue§u
16 fmd; ne£u
17 lïnd iú lsÍu yd w,xlrKh
18 fmd; t;Su
fï w;ßka ;eïîfï l%shdj,sh"
u| mjfka fõ<Su" wõfõ fõ<Su" f.ä
jYfhka ne| ÿï ueiafia ;ekam;a lsÍu
yd ,S l|la Ndú;fhka fome;a; ueo
.ekSu hk lghq;= iqúfYAI njla Wiq,hs'
tajd uÕska ;, fld<h f,aLkhg iqÿiq
;;a;ajhg m;a lrjkq ,eîu Bg fya;=jhs'
wdNHka;ßl yd ndysr hk fowxYfhka u
fjkia ;;a;ajhla we;s lrùu fyj;a ;,
fld<fha mßj¾;khla we;s lrùu bka
woyia lrkq ,efí' ta wkqj ue§fuka miq wm
w;g m;a jkqfha f.dnfhka fjka lr.;a
;, fld<h fkdj j¾Okh lrk ,o ;,
fld<hls' ta mßj¾;kh isÿ lrk ,oafoa
flfia o@ ;, fld<h fmdaIKh lsÍfuks'
lemafmáh fld<" fkdfïrE wkakdis
fld<" mefmd,a fld<" mefmd,a .eg" fn,s
fld< yd .eg" mskak fld<" fndaUq fld<"
ù lr,a" msßiqÿ c,h" ;U ye<shla yd ,S
fldagq Ndú;fhka ;, fld< ;ïnd .ekSu
ksid tajdg T!Iëh .=Khla wdfrdamKh
fõ ^n,kak" w,yfldaka 2010(229&'' we;eï
úg mqiafld<j, §¾>ld,Sk meje;aug
fuu l%shdj,sh uÕska W;af;ackhla
,efnkjd úh yels h' tuÕska È,Sr yd
nelaàßhd úkdY úh yelsh' mjfka yd
wõfõ fõ<d kej; jÜgq jYfhka ilid
ÿfuys ;ekam;a l< miq tajdfha ;rula
rΩ fmkqula olakd ,efí' fï iajNdjh
fjkia fldg uDÿ u;=msgla yd we;ao<
meyehla ;,fld<hg tla lrkq ,nkafka
mqjla" .evqU" relaw;a;k fyda fj,ka jeks
l|la fhdod ue§ug ,la lsÍfuks ^tu
2010(229&' ue§u fya;= fldg f.k ;,
fld<fha wdNHka;ßl r;aùula o isÿ ùu
ie,lsh hq;= ;j;aa lreKls' fï ish,a,
;, fld<fha fmdaIKh mss◊i fya;= fjhs'
ta fmdaIKh ksid ;, fld<h .=Kd;aul
jYfhka mßj¾;khlg ,la fjhs' ,sùug
iqÿiq ;;a;ajhla we;s jkqfha ;eïîfuka"
fõ<SSfuka yd ue§fuka ,o fmdaIKh
fya;=fjks' ir, j lsjfyd;a tlS ieu
mshjrla u tf;la meje;s ;;a;ajfhka
fjkia ;;a;ajhla lrd mßj¾;kh ùug
;, fld<hg fm,Uùula we;s lrjhs'
fuh .=Kd;aul wdydr mdk ,nd §fuka
yd ukd p¾hdjlg yqre lrùfuka kSfrda.
isrerla we;s lrùug fyda m%ñ;s.;
fmdaIKhla ,nd §fuka yd kv;a;=
lsÍfuka Ydlhla j¾Okh lrùug fyda
fnfyúka iudk l%shdj,shls'
l,a ;nd .; yels jk mßÈ" È,Srj,g
yd nelaàßhdj,g Tfrd;a;= fok mßÈ yd
ukd fmkqula ,efnk mßÈ ielfikq ms◊i
;,fld<hg fï fmdaIKh ,nd fkdÈks
kï bka wfmalaIs; l¾;jHh bgq lr
.ekSug fkdyels jk njg iel ke;'
fyd¢ka kv;a;= lrk mqiafld< fmd;la
jir 400 isg 600 muK olajd ld,hla
mj;ajd .; yelafla wdrïNfha § u ,nd
fok ,o fmdaIKh uQ,sl lr .ksñks'
44
fmdaIKh lsÍu" wdrlaId lsÍu
w¾:j;a zmqIaZ yd zmqiZ hk Od;= ms<sfj<ska
ixialD; yd md,s NdIdj, olakd ,efí'
zfmdihSZ ^m%dlD;&" zfmdfi;s$fmdih;sZ
^md,s& yd zfmdIh;sZ ^ixialD;& hk
jpk thska ksmkafka fjhs' tys isxy,
rEmh fmkS isákafka zmqi$mqiaZ hkqfjks'
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woyiska zmqiakdZ hk jpkh Ndú; lrk
w;r fmdaIKh lrkaksh woyia lrkq ms◊i
zmqiakSZ he hs jHjydr flf¾ ^fidar; ysñ
1956(592" úch;=x. 2005(1145&' fmdaIKh
lrñka w¾:j;a zmqiañkaZ hk jpkh
Wfoid la,*a msh;=uka imhd we;s wre;a
w;r Preserving, Protecting, Screening,
Supporting wdÈh we;=<;a h ^1892(369&' l%s'
j' 11 jk ishjig wh;a iqm%lg mkdlvqj
;U ikakfiys tk zz'''wm i.úfhys jvd
jkuq,a m,d yrfKka mqie'''ZZhk mdGh o
fuys ,d isysm;a lghq;= h' t;kays zmqieZ
hkq zmqiaZ l%shd Od;=fjys mQ¾j l%shdj
f,iska fmkS isáhs' zzrc fkdleue;s ù kï
fiiaikg úfldge wUqorejka mqis;aZZhk
wudj;=re mdGh o" zzfu fomqikqjka
okakd - fu we;a mrila u`vkdZZ hk
lõisΩñKs ksrEmKh o fï iuÕ isysm;a
jk wfkl=;a ksoiqka w;=ßka lsysmhls'
fuu idOl flfrys ie,ls,su;a
fjñka wm fhdackd lrkafka mqiafld<
hkak zfmdaIKh lrk ,oZ fyj;a
^.=Kd;aul jYfhka& zj¾Okh lrk ,o
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WÑ; jk njhs'
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lr we;s mßÈ zfmdF:lZ hkq zfmd;Z
ke;fyd;a zfld< tl;=jZ hs' lxLdú;rKs
msgfmdf;ys ksrEmKhg wkqj fmdF:l
hkakg m¾hdh f,i zñáhZ jeks fhÿula o
.s◊h yels fõ ^n,kak( l' ú' ms' 195&' ta
wkqj mqiafld< fmd; hk jofka we;=<;a
zfld<Z hkak fmd;g úfYaIK fkdjk
w;r zmqiaZ hkak zfld<Z i|yd úfYaIK
nj fmkS hd hq;= h' tneúka fld<fmd;
hehs jHjydr lsÍu w¾:h oaú;aj lsÍula
f,i fhdackd lsÍug o mqΩjks ^fld<}
m;%" fmd;}m;% tl;=j&' zß;a;Z hkq zmqiaZ
^ysia& kï zß;a;fmdF:lZ hkak isxy,g
ke`.sh hq;af;a zmqiafmd;Z hkqfjka ñi
lxLdú;rKs msgfmdf;ys ±lafjk mßÈ
zmqiam;a f.ähZ hkqfjka fkdfõ' zf.ähZ
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ilia l< fmd;Z w`.jk fhÿula jk
neúks ^l%s' j' 1747g wh;a f,aLkhl
fmd;af.ä hk jHjydrhla o olakd
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lrk ,oZ jeks woyilska i,lk úg fï
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mqiafld<h - fmdaIKh lrk ,o fld<h
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fld<j,ska hq;= fmd;
mqiaf.äh - fmdaIKh lrk ,o fld<
ñáh$tl;=j
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fld<fhys we;=<;a f,aLk
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fld<fha ,sùu
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fld<fha ^igyka l<& lΩ lsÍu
mqiafld< lshùu - fmdaIKh lrk ,o
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45
t<öug mqΩjks(
lxLdú;rKs msgfmdf;ys
ßF:fmdF:l i|yd § we;s zmqiam;af.
ähZ hkak tu ikao¾Nfhys ,d muKla
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wre;a ±laùu hï muKlg wjHla; njla
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fmd; woyia fõ hehs is;Sug bvla ke;'
z,sÅ;fmdF:lZ hk jpkfhys úreoaO
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ke;' tfy;a idudkH jHjydrfhys th
Ndú; jQ nj iqΩ jYfhka jqj;a igykaj
;sîfuka weÕfõ' kQ;kh jk úg mqiafld<
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w¾:h iuÕ fkdmEfyk w;r th Ndú;
ikao¾N n,j;a úlD;slrKhlg o ,la
lrjhs' tneúka mqiafld<h hkq zfmdaIKh
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,o fld<hZ fyj;a zuq,a iajrEmfhka
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ie,lSu hqla;shqla; h'
wdY%s; .%ka: yd ,sms
wyqnqÿ" wÍfika' ^2012&' wre; ksre;' n;a;ruq,a,(
i§md m%ldYlfhda'
w,yfldaka" iS' ^2010&' merŒ.%ka: ksIamdok
l,dj yd ta wdY%s;j we;s jQ Y%u úNck l%shdj,sh(
mqiafld< fmd;a f,aLk l,dj weiqfrka& meKir(
uydpd¾h fla' tka' ´' O¾uodi Wmydr ,sms tl;=j'
ixia'" mS' t,a' kq.msáh iy tï' r;akdhl" fld<U(
weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda" ms' 223--244'
[d◊iair ysñ" isß' ^ixia'&' ^1912&' lXLdú;rŒkdu
md;sfudlLjKKkd'fld<U( úoHdN+ik uqøKd,h'
m%{dfialr ysñ" lΩ¿fld|hdfõ' ^1936&'
lXldú;rŒmsgfmd;' ixfid' fld<U( ã'
irK;s,l chfialr'
l=,ißh" wdkkao' ^1996&' mqiafld< fmd;a yd
f,aLk l,dj' ixialD;sl mqrdKh ^02 fjΩ¿u&"
fld<U( uOHu ixialD;sl wruqo,'
O¾unkaOq" à' weia' ^1962&' .=Kfiak isxy, uyd
wldrdÈh' fld<U( weï' ã' .=Kfiak iy iud.u'
mrKú;dk" fla' ã' ^1996&' Y%S ,xldfõ mqiafld<
f,aLkj, wdrïNh iy úldYkh' fl!;=ld.dr" 01
fjΩ¿u" y;rjk l,dmh" ixia'" tÉ' ta' talkdhl
iy wd¾' fyajf.a" fld<U( cd;sl fl!;=ld.dr
fomd¾;fïka;=j" ms' 20--26'
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r;akdlr uqøKd,h'
nKavdr" jhs' fla' à' ^2015&' ,laÈj merKs◊u
mqiafld< fmd;a ms<sn| ye¢kaùula" archaeology.
lk Y%S ,xld mqrdúoHdj
nqoaOo;a; ysñ" fmd,aj;af;a' ^ixia'&' ^1959&'
uydjxfid ^W!kmQrK iysf;d&' fld<U( weï' ã'
.=Kfiak iy iud.u'
,.uqj" wdßh' ^200&6' Y%S,xldfõ mqiafld< fmd;a
f,aLk l,dj' n;a;ruq,a,( ixialD;sl lghq;=
ms<sn| fomd¾;fïka;=j'
,shkf.a" isß' ^j¾Ih olajd ke;&' ksrela;s iys;
isxy, YíofldaIh' fld<U( weia' f.dvf.a iy
ifydaorfhda'
úch;=x." yßYapkaø' ^2005&' .=Kfiak uyd isxy,
YíofldaIh" fld<U( weï' ã' .=Kfiak iy
iud.u'
46
ùriQßh" mS' ã' weia' ^2006&' f,aLk mqrdKh'
fld<U( weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda'
Y%S f¾j; ysñ" fndarela.uqfõ' ^2001&' Yíod¾:
r;akdlrh fyj;a isxy, uyd wldrdÈh' fld<U(
weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda'
m[a[dkkao ysñ" h.sr,' ^ixia'&' ^1932&'
ifuudyúfkdokS kdu úNX.gGl:d' ud<s.dlkao(
;%smsgl uqøKd,h'
ixlaIsma; isxy, YíofldaIh ^oaú;sh Nd.h&' ^2009&'
fld<U( ixialD;sl lghq;= fomd¾;fïka;=j'
úu,jxi ysñ" wl=ráfha iy fifkúr;ak"
ta' ^ixia'&' ^1997&' ix>rdc idOqpßhdj' fld<U(
iuhj¾Ok fmd;ay,'
ikakia.," mS' î' yd ;j;a wh ^ixia'&' ^1989&'
isxy, YíofldaIh ^16 jk ldKavh&' fld<U(
ixialD;sl wud;HxYh'
fidar; ysñ" je,súáfha' ^1956&' Y%SiquX.,
YíofldaIh' urodk( wkq, uqøKd,h'
Gray, J. (1892). BUDDHAGHOSUPPATTI OR THE
HISTORICAL ROMANCE OF THE RISE AND CAREER
OF BUDDHAGHOSA. Luzac & Co., London.
Clough, B. (1892). A Sinhalese English Dictionary,
Colombo:Wesleyan Mission Press.
Takakusu, J. & Nagai, M.(ed.). (1982).
Samantapasadika: Buddhaghosa’s Commentary on the
Vinaya Pitaka. London:P.T.S.
Ekanayaka,V. P. (ed.). Vinayattha Manjusa also
called Kankha Vitarani Tika. B. E. 24-55, Hunupitiya:
Jinalankara Press.
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47
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48
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49
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50
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51
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mqiafld<hl ,shk ,o wl=re lsheúh
yelafla zlΩ¿ ue§fukaZ miqj h' fuys §
.evqU ,S ojd ,nd.;a wÕ=re ishqï j l=vq
lr ÿïu, f;f,ka wkd ms<sfh, lr
.;a ñY%Khla ;jrkq ,efí' wjYH f;,a
ms<sfh, lr .kqfha l=Uqre yd foKsydrd
,nd.;a ÿïu, wdijkh lsÍfuks' l¿Ω
ue§fï ñY%Kfhka msßhï l< miq m;a bre
oyhshdj,ska uÈkq ,efí' oyhshd ,nd .;
fkdyels jQ úg msßiqÿ frÈ lene,sj,ska
msi oukq ,efí' ñY%Kfha we;s ÿïu, f;,a
ksid mqiafld<h fyd| ;;a;ajhlska È.=
l,la wdrlaId jkq muKla fkdj" fmd;a
ldjkaf.ka isÿúh yels Wmøj o je<fla'
rEm igyka we£u
n,s f;dú,a lú" hka;%-uka;% we;=<;a
mq ia f ld< fmd;a j , kj.% y rEm" hla I
rEm" hka ; % rEm wdÈh lΩ ¿ fjka we£u
yer mq i a f ld< fmd;a j , rEm igyka
w¢kafka l,d;=rlsks' fld<U fl!;=ld.dr
mqia;ld,fhys we;s fjiaika;r cd;lh
we;= < ;a mq i a f ld< fmdf;ys iEu m;a
brejl u mdfya cd;l l:dfõ tk úúO
isoaëka úis;=re f,i olajk rEm igyka
rdYshla we| we;' fï rEm jQ l,s wmf.a
l,d yd idys;Hhg w;a jQ udyeÕs odhdohls'
lú 837lska hq;a .%ka:fha iqLdjfndaOh
i|yd ukd iqre nqyqálulska we¢ ukyr
Ñ;% 318la fjhs' .%ka:fhys ±lafjk isoaê
rdYshlau lukSh f,i Ñ;%hg kÕd we;s
fï Ñ;% Ys,amshd úúO yeve;s f¾Ldj,ska
;u woyia fudkjg ms < s ì Uq lr we;'
rEmhl wka;¾.; úh hq;= úúO ixlS¾K;d
iúia;r j yd ishqï f,i f¾Ld ud¾.fhka
olajd we;' fuu rEm igykaj, m%udKh
È.ska wÕ,a 2 isg 5 muK h; m¾hdf,dalh
oaúudk h' 18 jeks Y; j¾Ifha mej;s
uykqjr hq.fha Ñ;% l,d ffY,sh fuys
ola k g we;^my; i|yka rEmigyk
n,kak&'
fmd;aj, wka;¾.; úIh
fl!;=ld.drfhys ±kg we;s
mqiafld< fmd;a w;=ßka úYd, ixLHdjla"
isxy,fhka ,shk ,o md,s ;s%msglhg wh;a
tAjd h' nqreu yd ldïfndac wl=rej,ska
,shk ,o md,s ;s%msgl .%ka: lsysmhla o
tys we;' fn!oaOd.ug wh;a fï wd.ñl
,shú,s Èjhsfkys jeishka úiska Y; j¾I
.Kkdjla ;siafia buy;a Nla;Hdorfhka
fld<U fl!;=ld.dr mqia;ld,fha ;sfnk Ñ;% iys; fjiaika;r cd;l ldjHfha msgqjl fldgila
52
ms<sf.k we;' fï fmd;a uÕska iodpdr
O¾u yd úY=oO
a is;ï
= me;=ï isxy, ck;djg
odhdo fldg fojqKd muKla fkdj fï
Èjhsk mru mú;% N+ñhla lr ,Su i|yd tu
odhdoh fkdu| j jy,a ú◊' isxy, idys;Hhg
wh;a .%ka: iïNdrh m%dÖk mçjrekaf.a
m¾fhaIK lghq;= i|yd Ydia;h %S ksOdkhls'
fï w;=ßka úYd, w;amsgm;a ixLHdjla
;j u uqøKhg m;a fldg ke;' fou< yd
f;¨.= NdIdj,ska ,shejqKq mqiafld< fmd;a
tl;=jla o we;' fïjdfhys jeä yßhla u
wdhq¾fõo ffjoH .%ka: h'
ffjoH úoHdj" Y,Hl¾uh" iQ ; s
l¾uh" .j frda." i¾m fjolu" msiaiq
n¨ fjolu" weia frda." fnfy;a f;,a
is£u" lIdh ix.%yh wdÈ úúO úIh w,<d
,shejqKq 200lg wêl w.kd mqiafld<
fmd;a tl;= j la fld<U fl!;= l d.dr
mqia;ld,fhys we;' fuu mqiafld< fmd;a
w;r fNaiÊc l,amh" m%fhda.r;akdlrh"
ia ; S % frda . Ñls ; a i dj" .¾N Ñls ; a i dj"
kdä ,laIKh" jrfhda. idrh" rifhda.
r;akdlrh" fhda.dOrKh" frda. ,laIKh
wdÈ fmd;a o" fnfy;a jÜfgdare fmd;a o
jeks ffjoH .%k:a rdYshla we;' mY= ffjoH
fmd;a w;r .j fjofmd;a" .j r;akh"
yrla fjofmd;a" yia;s fhda. i;lh" i¾m
fjo fmd;a yd msiaiq n¨ fjo fmd;a o
olakg ;sfí' jÜfgdare fjo fmd;la hkq
lIdh" wdf,am" .=<s wdÈh ms<sfh, lr
.ekSfï Wmfoia iys; fnfy;a jÜfgdare o
uka;% lsysmhla o iys; fjo fmd;ls'
jÜfgdare fmd;a jQ l,s ms<s.;a ffjoH
lD;ska fkdj" fnfyúka Wvrg m<d;aj,
fjo uy;= k a i;= j mej;s w;a f md;a
úfYaIhls' tAjdfha i|yka jkqfha hï hï
frda. iqj lsÍfuys ,d iu;a ù hhs iïu;
fnfy;a jÜfgdarej, úia;r h' fujeks
fmd;a tla tla fjo uy;df.a w;a±lSï
wkqj wjYH úfgl w¨;a lreKq o tl;=
fldg mrïmrdfjka mrïmrdjg f.k wd
jÜfgdare h' msáir m<d;aj, ieu fjo
uy;l= u yÈis wjia:djl § m%fhdackhg
.ekSu i|yd fnfy;a jÜfgdare fmd;a
hkqfjka ye¢kafjk fujeks fmd;la fyda
jeä .Kkla fyda f.k hdu isß;la j
mj;S'
isxy,hka w;r jHNspdr yd hka;%-
uka;% .=relï iïnkaO jQ pdß;% úê rdYshla
we;' fïjd Èjhsfkys m%lg j mj;akd hl=ka
kegùï" msfoú,s úê yd wdY%s; j mj;S'
fuu uka;% .=relï m%Odk jYfhka j¾.
yhlg fnod ±laúh yels h' tkï" 1' f,v
frda. ksjdrKh" 2' wm, Wmøj je<elaùu"
3' wdhqrdfrda.H iïm;a j¾Okh lrùu"
4' yÈ yQkshï lemSu" 5' fldäúk lsÍu"
6' fmak yd wxckï lSu h' fl!;=ld.dr
mqia;ld,fhys fï úIh w,<d ,shejqKq
mqiafld< fmd;a 300lg wêl ixLHdjla
53
we;' bka iuyrla kï wx.ï iQ k s h ï
lemqu" wiQ.efí n,s lú" wiqr nkaOk
úk lemqu" nysrj msfoaksh" nd,.sß fod<
§u" n,shd. fmd;" ±äuqKav jrï lú" o<
l=udr msfoaksh iy u,a n,s lú wdÈh h'
n,s hd.hla lrk ;eke;a;d zweÿrdZ hk
kñka ye¢kafõ' fujeks Ydka;sl¾u lrk
úg frda.d;=rhdf.a .%yoDIaá o i,ld ne,sh
hq;= fyhska n,s weÿrka fcHda;sIh .ek o
±kqula ,nd ;sîu wjYH úh' fl!;=ld.dr
mqia;ld,fha we;s fcHda;sYaYdia;%hg wh;a
mq i a f ld< fmd;a w;r zkele;a fmd;a Z
hkqfjka ye¢kafjk fmd;a ud,djla o we;'
fïjd Èjhs f kys fcHda ; s Y a Y dia ; % { hkg
fnfyúka WmldÍ fõ' pkaøNjkh" oidm,"
Èkuq¾;=j" .%yksñ;a;" fydardNrKh" ,s;a
.◊; l%uh" u,ajr kele;a" kj.%y pl%h
wdÈ jeo.;a klaI;% fmd;a o fl!;=ld.dr
mqia;ld,fha we;'
,xld b;sydih yodrkakg ksje/È
f;dr;=re ±k.ekSfï uQ,dY%hla jYfhka
,xldfõ isoaëka we;=<;a ú;a;s fmd;a o"
m<d;a iSud úia;r we;=<;a lvbï fmd;a o
fnfyúka m%fhdackj;a jkq we;' jhU yd
W;=re uOHu m<d;aj, .ïj, mqiafld<
fmd;a ;u uq;=kañ;a;ka úiska k;= fldg
f.k isá Okfha yd bvlvïj, mdrïmßl
Wreuhka jYfhka iuyr mqoa.,fhda iy
mjq,a ;ju;a wdrlaId lrf.k isá;s' ñka
iuyrla fld<U fl!;=ld.dr mqia;ld,h
úiska ,ndf.k wdrlaId lr we;' nejyr
is x y,fhka ,s h eù we;s fï fmd;a j ,
wud;Hjreka" fin¿Ωk"a mKaä;hka" Ys,ma k
S a
jYfhka rdcldÍ l< ck kdhlhkaf.a
yd m%N+kaf.a mrïmrd.; úia;r i|yka j
we;' ,xldj fnod fjka fldg ;snQ m<d;a
yd Èia;s%lal" tAjdfha k.r yd .ï o" tu
fn§ïj, uQ,drïNh o lvbï fmd;aj,
i|yka j we;' fï mq i a f ld< fmd;a
w;r" úfYaI;ajhla ork lsysmhla kï
l= r eKE., úia ; rh" wIa g úxi;s rg"
uÿrdmqfrkdú;a;sh m~qjia kqjr jrrdc
f.da;%h" ukqrdc jxYh wdÈh hs'
merKsw;a msgm;a
fld<U fl!;= l d.dr mq i a ; ld,h
i;= w.kd mqiafld< fmd;ls" úkh msglh
wh;a pq,a,j.a.md,sfha w;a msgm;' fuh 13
jeks ishjfia § ,shk ,oaols' ±kg ,xldfõ
mqiafld< fmd;a w;ßka mer◊Ks;u hehs
ie,eflk fuu w;a msgmf;a tk we;eï
isxy, wlaIrj, úmßKduh .ek wdpd¾h
mrKú;dk woyia olajd we;' ls%'j' 1236-
1271 olajd oUfo◊Ksh rdcOdks fldg .;a
II mrdl%undyq rc;=udf.a rdclSh uqødj
yÕjk isxy, zY%SZ wlaIrh .%ka:djidkfha
tk l¾;D kdu mdGfhys i|yka j ;sfí'
Èjhsfkys we;s mqiafld< fmd;a w;=ßka
úYd,;u ixLHdj fld<U fl!;=ld.dr
mqia;ld,h i;= j mj;sk nj lsj yels h'
fuu jákd .%ka: iïNdrhg w;a msgm;a
3"000g lsÜgq ixLHdjla wh;a fjhs' nqÿ
iuh" isxy, idys;Hh" b;sydih" foaYSh
ffjoH úoHdj" fcHd;s ¾ úoHdj" N+ ;
úoHdj" mY= úoHdj" l,d yd jdia;= úoHdj"
ck l:d wdÈ úIh rdYshlg wh;a fmd;a
tA w;r fjhs' fmd;a.=,a úydr hkqfjka
ye¢kafjk úydrdkqnoaO mqia;ld, i;= j
;j;a mq i a f ld< fmd;a rdYs h la we;'
mer◊Kslu ksid u úfYaI ;ekla .kakd
;j;a mqiafld< fmd;a rdYshla .ek o
i|yka lsÍu jgfka h' Y%S ,xld úoHd,xldr
úYajúoHd,h i;= j we;s uydj.a.md,sfhys
mqifa ld< w;a msgm; o" ,xld úYajúoHd,hSh
mq i a ; ld,fha we;s úiq o a ê u.a . àld w;a
msgm; o 13 jeks ishjig wh;a mqiafld<
fmd;a jYfhka ie,efla' fld<U
54
fl!;=ld.dr mqia;ld,fhys we;s ixhqla;
ksldh w;amg s mf;ys tk wjidk mdGh wkqj
th mems<shdfka iqfka;%dfoaù msßfjfka úiQ
ux., kï NslaiQka jykafia kula úiska
ls%'j' 1412 § msgm;a lereKq nj fmfka'
fl!;=ld.dr mqia;ld,fha we;s ls%'j' 1521
§ msgm;a lrk ,o mdGmru;a:mamldiskS
kue;s msgm; Oïuix.K kue;s md,s
.%ka:fhys àldjls' isxy, mQcdj,sfhys
w;amsgm;la o fl!;=ld.dr mqia;ld,fhys
we;' tys tk wjidk mdGh wkqj th ls%'j'
1665 § msgm;a lrk ,oaols' fl!;=ld.dr
mqia;ld,fhys we;s ;j;a me/Ks mqiafld<
w;amsgm;la kï ixialD;fhka ,sheù we;s
fn!oaO Y;lhhs' nqÿrcdKka jykafia f.a
.=K w,<d l< iaf;da;% Yaf,dal ud,djla
wka;¾.; fuh ls%'j' 1704 § msgm;a lrk
,oaols'
wdYs%; .%ka:
o is,ajd" iS'tï'tA' ^1947&' Sinhalese National Heritage in Ola
Leaf uefhka The Buddhist. XVIII ld' iÕrdjg iemhQ ,smsh'
o is , a j d" ví,s õ 'tA ' (1938). Catalogue of Palm Leaf
Manuscripts in the Library of the Colombo Museum.
o is,ajd" ví,sõ'tA' ^1927&' Sinhalese Vittipot and Kadaimpot
uefhka JRASCB XXX ld 80 ,smsh
.hs.¾" ví,sõ' ^1912&' uydj' bxm fld ˚
.hs.¾" ví,sõ' ^1930&' pQ,j' bxm fld ˚˚
fkú,a" tÉ' Sinhalese Verse. ld
Íia fâúâia" à'ví,sõ' (1903)' Buddhist India'
úl%ur;ak" fla'ã't,a' ^1967&' Palm Leaf Manuscripts of
Ceylon uefhka Ceylon Today XVI ld 1 ,smsh
iS'tï' Tiaáka o is,ajd
 mq i a f ld<fmd;a j , Ndú;
wla I r ms < s n | úu¾Ykhla
fu u ,smsfhka wfmalaId lrkafka
furg Ndú; mqiafld< fmd;ays
úfYaIfhka isxy, wlaIrj,ska igyka
lrk ,o mqiafld< fmd;ays fmfkk
wl=re j¾. ms<sn| újrKhla lsÍu hs'
idudkHfhka f,aLk l,dfõ ÈhqKqj;a
iu. u mqiafld<fhys wl=re ,sùu o
fõ.j;a yd úêu;a jQ nj ms<s.efka' ta
wkqj tlS f,aLkh isÿ lrkq ,nk wdldrh
yd f,aLkfha iajNdjh wkqj mqiafld<
fmd;ays olakd ,efnk wl=re j¾. lsysmhla
y÷kd .; yelsj ;sfí' fuys§ tajd y÷kd
.ekSu yd tajdfha ;sfnk úfYaI;ajh jeks
lreKq ms<sn| ¨yq`vq újrKhla isÿlrkq
,efí' ta uÕska mqiafld< fmd;a f,aLk
l,dfõ hï me;slvla ms<sn| wjfndaOhla
,nd .ekSug uÕ mEfoa'
wruqK
mqiafld< fmd;aj, olakd ,efnk
wlaIr tajdfha rgd wkqj fjka lr oelaùu"
tlS wlaIr rgd y÷kd .ekSfï i,l=Kq yd
l%ufõo fudkjd oehs fidhd ne,Su yd ta
55
ms<sn| úu¾Ykh fï ,smsfha m%Odk wruqK
hs' tfia u mqiafld< fmd;aj, wlaIr
,sùug m%:ufhka oDV Wmia;rj, ,sÅ;
wlaIr rgd ms<sn| j o hï úuiSula fuys
wka;¾.; fjhs'
fï wOHhkh i|yd Ndú; lrkq
,nk m¾fhaIK l%ufõoh jkafka
m%Odk jYfhka .%ka: ikaOdr m¾fhaIK
l%ufõoh hs' tfia u mqiafld< m;a;srej,
;sfnk wlaIr rgd yd wlaIr j¾. y÷kd
.ekSu i|yd wod< f,aLk fN!;sl
jYfhka ksÍlaIKh o fuys§ isÿ lrkq
,efí'
f,aLkfha b;sydih ms<sn|j
úu¾Ykh lsÍfï§ meyeÈ,s jkafka úúO
j¾.fha fld<j, w;S;fha wlaIr igyka
fldg we;s nj hs' fkdtfia kï ,sùu
isÿfldg we;s nj hs' ta w;r oDV ;,
m%Odk jk w;r tajd úúO Ys,d u;=msgj,
f,aLkh lsÍu f,i oelaúh yels h' tajd
fmdÿfõ Ys,df,aLk hkqfjka y÷kajkq
,nk w;r Bg wu;rj f,day m;a;sre
u; o f,aLkh isÿ fldg ;sfí' tfia isÿ
lsÍfï§ ta ta f,dayfha oDV;dj yd ugis,sá
nj u; tajdfha úúO fjkialï o¾Ykh
ùu fuys§ wjOdkhg .; hq;= fõ' fï
,smsfha jeä jYfhka idlÉPdjg Ndckh
lrkq ,nk mqiafld< wl=re j¾. ms<sn|j
úu¾Ykfha § tu f;dr;=re jgydf.k
;sîu fnfyúka jeo.;a fõ'
idudkHfhka wlaIrj, ksYaÑ;
yd wkqu; fyda ms<s.kakd fyda yev;,
ks¾udKh jkafka tajd l,la ;siafia
Ndú;fha mej;Sfuks' ta i|yd §¾>
ld,hla f,aLkh hï u;=msgla u; igyka
ù ;sîu fya;=jla fõ' idudkHfhka l%s'mQ'
wjêfha isg u mqiafld<h u; wlaIr
igyka lsÍu mej;s nj ms<s.efka' Ô'
íhq,¾ i|yka lrkafka bkaÈhdfõ l%s'j'
m<uq jeks ishjfia o mqiafld<h f,aLkh
i|yd Ndú; l< nj hs' ^Buhler 1904:95&
fuu woyi u Íia fâúâia o orhs' ^Davids
125& ;j o Tyq n¾â .fia fmd;= o fï
i|yd Ndú; l< nj fmkajd fohs' ^ibid&
ta mqiafld< fmd;a wkqlrKh lsÍula nj
Tyqf.a u;h hs' tfia u ta uÕska meyeÈ,s
jkafka n¾â fmd;= u; wlaIr igyka
lsÍug fmr isg u ;,a fld<fha ,sùfï
iïm%odh Tjqka i;=j ;snQ nj hs' Íia fâúâia
olajk mßÈ fï iïnkaOfhka oelaúh
yels ld, jljdkqj jkqfha l%s'j' mia jk
jeks ishji hs' tfia u thska .uH jk
woyi jkafka Bg fmr isg u mqiafld<fha
,sùfï iïm%odhh mej;s nj hs' ^ibid:126&
flfia fj;;a fï iïnkaOfhka t<ôh
yels ks.ukh jkafka mqiafld<fha ,sùfï
iïm%odh l%s'mQ' wjêfha isg u bkaÈhdfõ
yd Y%S ,xldfõ Ndú; j mej;s nj hs'
mqiafld< fmd;aj, f,aLkh
iïnkaOfhka mrKú;dkf.a woyi
jkafka l%s'j' 8jk ishji muK
jk f;la furg mqiafld< Ndú;
lsÍfï iïm%odhhla fkdmej;s nj hs'
ta fjkqjg WK m;=re Ndú; j mej;s
56
nj Tyq fmkajd fohs' ^jxi;a:mamldiskS"
ngqjka;=vdj ixia'(210& fï i|yd
mrKú;dkhkag mdol ù we;af;a
jxi;a:mamldisksfha igyka jk lreKls'
tys zzfmd;a:ljxiM,fla jKaKdks
lïudks úhZZ hkqfjka ±lafõ' thska
lshfjkafka mqiafld< fmd;a fkdj fmd;a
M,l f,i Ndú; l< fmd;a lïnd h'
tajdfha úúO j¾Kj;a ieris,s wdÈh o
;sfnk neúka jxi;a:mamldiskS mdGh o
ksjerÈ f,i w¾: ksrEmKh fõ' flfia
fj;;a furg wdrïNl u wlaIr iys;
Ys,df,aLk ms<sn|j wjOdkh fhduq
lsÍfï § o fï i|yd meyeÈ,s woyila
we;s lr .; yels h'
wlaIr igyka lsÍfï § mqiafld<h
muKla fkdj fjk;a fld< o Ndú;
fldg o th isÿù we;s njg idOl
mj;S' Wla fld< ^Euahorbia&" y,a
fld< ^Vetaria acuminata& jegfla fld<
^Pandanus odoratissiwus& jeks fld<j,;a
je,sms,af,a wl=re yqrejk nd,hka i|yd
fk¿ï fld<j, yd flfi,a fld<j,;a
wl=re ,shd ;sfí ^,.uqj" 2006(101& flfia
fj;;a m%Odk jYfhka Ys,d ;,fha nyq,
j f,aLk igyka l< wjÈfha § o j¾.
;=kl wlaIr oel.; yels fõ' tkï
fldaKdldr ^angular& wlaIr" ,;dldr
^cursive& wlaIr yd jl%dldr ^rounded&
wlaIr jYfhks' fuhska fldaKdldr
wlaIr i|yd f,ka ,sms yd uQ, n%dyaó ,sms
ksoiqka jYfhka oelaúh yels h' ,;dldr
,smsj,g ksoiqka jYfhka wmr n%dyaó ,sms
yd m%Odk jYfhka fÊ;jkdrdu ,smsh yd
wl=ref.dv Ys,df,aLk o ±laúh yels fõ'
jl%dldr iajrEmh fmdf,dkakre hq.fha
Ys,df,aLkj, nyq, jYfhka Èiajk w;r
t;eka isg jl%dldr iajrEmh u olakg
,efí' by; olajk ,o f,aLkøjH ms<sn|
úuiSfï § jxil:d f;dr;=rej,ska o lreKq
fidhd .; yels j mj;S' jxil:d.;
f;dr;=re wkqj fï ld,h ;=<§u jegfla
fyda ;,afld< jeks udOHhkays wlaIr
igyka lsÍfï l%uh ms<sn| j fuys uq,ska
i|yka fldg we;' j<.ïnd rcq fla;lS
m;%hl fyj;a jegfla fld<hl igyka
fldg l=mslal, ;siai f;rekag wNh.sßh
mQcd lsÍfï mqj; óg meyeÈ,s ksoiqkls'
wf:d fl;l m;;uys
,sÅFjd NgGudkfid
ix> fNd.x úydrii
;ii mdod uySm;S ^u'j'27(50&
,laÈj m<uq ksldh fNaohg ;=vq ÿka
fï isoaêh mQcd m;%hla uÕska úydrhla
msßkeóu ksñ;s lrf.k isÿ jQjls' tys
mQcd m;%h ,shjqfKa jegfla fld<hl kï
Y%S ,dxflah f,aLk l,dfõ Ndú; wuqøjH
l%s'mQ' wjêh jk úg o b;d ÈhqKq ieye,a¨
udOH jYfhka ia:djr j mej;s nj is;sh
yels h' flfia fj;;a mqiafld<h u;
,sùfï § wlaIr jvd;a ,;dldr yevhla
.ekSu ms<s.; yels idOlhls'
mqiafld< fmd;aj, oelsh yels
wlaIr ud,dj ms<sn| úuiSfï§ fmkS
hkafka ta ta NdIdjg wkqj mqiafld<
fmd;aj,g u wdfõKsl wlaIr ud,djla
Ndú;fha mej;s nj hs' ta wkqj isxy,
NdIduh f,aLkj, § wlaIr o ixialD;
NdIdfjka ,sùfï § kd.Í wlaIr l%uh o
Ndú;hg .eksK' isxy, wlaIrhka u
md,s NdIdfõ rpkhka i|yd fhdod.;a
wjia:d o Èiafõ' rplhdf.a wNsu;h mßÈ
wlaIr ud,dj fhdod.;a njg o idOl
mj;S' fndfyda úg mkayso kej; kej;
Tijkafka ke;sj ,sùu mqiafld<h ys,a
ùfï iïNdú;dj wvq lrkakla jk neúka
57
iïu; ne¢ wl=re fukau f,aLlhdf.a
leue;a;g wkqj fjk;a ne¢ wl=re o
Ndú;hg f.k we;s wjia:d ksÍlaIKh
l< yels h' ksoiqkla f,i ziïud
iïnqoaOZ hk md,s mdGh ,shd we;af;a
ziuud iUqOZ jYfhks' zUZ rEmfhys y,a u
hkafka Nd.hla o y,a n hkak o w hkak
o wka;¾.; fõ' fï ksid th ;¾ldkql+,
fõ'
mqiafld< fmd;aj, oelsh yels
wlaIr ms<sn|j úu¾Ykh lsÍfï§ wlaIr
j¾. lsysmhla ±l.; yels h' tlS wlaIr
ms<sn| j úYaf,aIKh lsÍug m%:ufhka
oelaúh hq;af;a tf,i wlaIr j¾. Èiaùug
m%Odk;u fya;=j jkafka ta ta Ys,amSkaf.a
f,aLk rgdj yd l,d l=Y,;dj nj hs' tajd
l=,l jYfhka f.dkq lsÍfuka miqld,fha
W.;=ka úiska fuf,i wlaIr j¾. y÷kd
.kq ,en we;'
m%Odk jYfhka yevyqrelu wkqj
wlaIr j¾. ;=kla y÷kd .; yels j
mj;S' tkï uq¿ l=re" .cl=re yd isyl=re
jYfhks' fuys we;af;a w,am fjkialï
muKs' tfy;a ta fjkialï i,ld fïjdg YS%
,xldfõ úúO m<d;aj, iyiïnkaOhla o
olakg ,efnk nj wdßh ,.uqj olajhs
^,.uqj" 2006(101&' ta wkqj reyqKq
rg Ndú; jQ wlaIr uq¿l=re jYfhka
ye¢kafõ' ta tu wlaIrj, fldka iys; jQ
neúks' udhd rfgys wlaIr jgl=re jQ
neúka isyl=re jYfhka o tfia u msysá
rg wlaIr wKavdldr jQ neúka .cl=re
jYfhka o y÷kajd we; ^tu&' mqiafld<
fmd;a wdY%fhka fï i|yd ksoiqka imhd
.; yels h'
wkq wlaIr úia;rh ksoiqka
wxlh j¾.h
01 uq¿l=re reyqKq rgg
wh;a fõ
fldka iys;h
ngfmd<
02 isyl=re udhd rgg wh;a
fõ' jgl=re h'

wkqrdOmqr wh;a jkafka msysá rgg hs

03 .cl=re msysá rgg
wh;a jk w;r
wxvdldr fõ'
.iafm YS%s chj¾Okdrduh

by; olajk ,oafoa tla j¾. lsÍula
muKs' wlaIrj, yevh wkqj o reyqKq"
msysá" udhd jYfhka o fï j¾. lsÍu isÿ
fldg we;'
óg wu;r j ;j;a j¾. lsÍula
olakd ,efí' ta wkqj isxydlaIr" .cdlaIr
yd yxidlaIr jYfhka j¾. lsÍula Èiafõ'
fuys isxydlaIr wdh; p;=ri%dldr h'
.cdlaIr iïm%odhh f.da,dldr h' ;j o
yxidlaIr isyska h' mgq h' fuu wlaIr
i|yd ksoiqka yd tajdfha idudkH iajNdjh
ms<sn| ksoiqka my; oelafõ'

wkq wlaIr úia;rh ksoiqka

wxlh j¾.h
01 isxydlaIr wdh;
p;=ri%dldrh

r;Uf,a
02 .cdlaIr f.da,dldrh

imq.y;ïñg Y%S fndaêhx.Kdrduh

58
03 yxidlaIr isyskah' mgq h'

imq.y;ïñg Y%S fndaêhx.Kdrduh

;j;a fn§ula wkqj wlaIr j¾. yxihl=f.a yevfhka ,shd we;s neúks'
y;rla olajd we;' yxi wlaIr" .c fuu j¾.fha wlaIr ishqï yd l=vd
wlaIr" uq;= wlaIr" ldl wlaIr hkqfjks' m%udKfhka hqla; h'
fuhska yxi wlaIr hkqfjka .efkkafka

wkq wlaIr úia;rh ksoiqka

wxlh j¾.h
01 yxi yxihl=f.a n÷
wlaIr iajNdj we;' ishqï
nj yd l=vd nj
úfYaI fõ'
ufyaIsldrduh - ksÜgUqj
02 .c ^yia;s& f.da,dldr h"
wlaIr yia;shl=f.a fuka
msreKq njla Èiafõ'
r;Uf,a

03 uq;= wlaIr uq;=leg jka b;d

meyeÈ,s wlaIr fï
kñka y÷kajkq
,efí' fïjd fndfyda
úg wd.ñl .%ka:j, nd÷rdf.dv
mj;S'

04 ldl ldl wlaIr hkq

wlaIr wj,iaik wmeyeÈ,s
wlaIr hs' m;abre nd÷rdf.dv
u; wms<sfj<g
rpkd l< wlaIr fï
.Khg wh;a fõ

59
mqiafld< fmd;aj,
olakg ,efnk ne¢ wl=re
mqiafld<fha ,sùfï § fld<h
leãu j<lajd .ekSu i|yd ne¢ wl=re
jeä jYfhka Ndú; ldg we;s nj fmkS
hhs' fuys § Ndú; wlaIr ixhqla;dlaIr
fyda noaOdlaIr fyda jYfhka y÷kd .;
yels h' fulS ne¢ wl=re ta ta mqiafld<
fmd;a rplhdf.ka rplhdg o fjkia
fõ' fï ksid iaÓr jYfhka ne¢ wl=re
fumuK m%udKhla we;ehs oelaùu o
W.yg h' fndfyda úg ;uka úiska u
wjYH mßÈ wlaIr noaO fldg ,sùula o
;snQ nj ksÍlaIKh l< yels h' fuys
olajkafka thska jvd;a m%p,s;" iq,N
tajdhska lsysmhla muKs' fïjdhska iuyrla
idudkH isxy, f,aLk jHjydrfha § ne¢
wl=re f,i fkdie,fla' tfy;a mqiafld<
fmd;a f,aLkfha § tajd ne¢ wl=re f,i
i,lkq ,efí'

wkq mqiafld< fmd;ays ne¢ wl=r ksoiqk úfYaI;d fjf;d;a

wxlh tk jpkh
01 `O oO úiqoaOnqoaOdÈm%isoaO

02 fkka kk wymfkka
^wymkafka&
03 ll ll iqfllda ^iqlaflda&

04 cc cc l=ccd; ^l=Êcd;&

05 Jÿ kÿ uJÿ ^ñkaÿ&

06 k; $ Uq $k;= k; k;dn%ka;=
^ka;dïn%ka;=&
un
07 `.= k.= p;=r`.= ^p;=rx.=&

fï yer fun÷ fndfyda wlaIr ne| ks.a.yS;h ^ìxÿj& $wkqiajdrh Ndú;h

,shkq olakg ,efí' fï f,aLkh jvd;a
§¾> tlla jkq je<elaùu i|yd ta ish,a,
fuys we;=<;a fkdflf¾'
ìkaÿj fyj;a wkqiajdrh Ndú;h o
mqiafld< fmd;aj, úúO fõ' th wlaIrfha
ueo fuka u w. o wlaIrfha biams,a, w;r
o fhdokq ,efí' ta i|yd ms<s.;a l%uhla
mqiafld< fmd;a f,aLlhka úiska wkq.
ukh lr fkdue;'

60
wkq mqiafld< fmd;ays ks.a.yS;h ksoiqk úfYaI;d fjf;d;a
wxlh tk jpkh
01 iqxnd.hla iqx wlaIrfha há
w¾Ohg fh¥
wjia:d
02 wifudao.x .x idudkH f,i
fh¥ wjia:djla
03 ÿxltalr ÿxltlr biams,a,g Wäka
,shQ wjia:djla
04 ixialdrfhd ixildrfhd ìxÿj ,shd
we;af;a jl%dldr
w¾OjD;a;hla
ueÈks'
wdfõ‚l wlaIr fndfyda úg ilia lrf.k we;af;a wlaIr
mqiafld< fmd;a i|yd wdfõ‚l tlg ne£fuks' fï ne£u isÿlrkq ,en
úfYaI wlaIr o oelsh yels h' fïjd we;af;a f,aLkfha myiqj i|yd h'
wkq mqiafld< WÉpdrKh ksoiqk úfYaI;d fjf;d;a
wxlh fmd;ays tk
jpkh
01 ijdiqoyila iqjdiq oyila iqjdiq oyila
hkak ,shd we;af;a
iajdiq oyila
jYfhks'
02 innixLdfriq iínixLdfriq ín hkak ,shd
we;af;a uq,a
nhkafka uq,a
fldgig w.
fldgi wE|Sfuks'
03 uqf,,ysÿ uq¿,af,ysÿ uq¿,af,ysÿ hkak
fodfjd fofjd ,shd we;af;a ,
ldr fol tlsfkl
ne|Sfuks'
04 iximM;s ikaimaM;s iximam;s hkak
w;súfYaI fhÿula
fia ,shd we;'
fuys imam hkak
tl u wl=rlg
ne| ,shd ;sfí'
61
 f,aLkfha myiqj i|yd ne¢ wl=re
myiq l%u u`.ska oelaùug f,aLlhka
lghq;= lr ;sfí' fndfyda úg w,amm%dK
wlaIrfha iq¿ fldgila iïnkaO lr
f.k uydm%dK wlaIrh iïmQ¾Kfhka
oelaùfuka fï wlaIr ksmojdf.k ;sfí'
fï ish,a, ;dlaIKsl jYfhka mkayso
tiùulska f;drj tla jr jpk ,shd
wjika lsÍfï l%uh ksid we;s jQ nj
mqiafld< fmd;a f,aLk l,dj ms<sn|
úu¾Ykh lsÍfuka meyeÈ,s fõ'

wkq mqiafld< WÉPdrKh ksoiqk úfYaI;d fjf;d;a

wxlh fmd;ays tk
jpkh
01 o`Gdkd oÜGdkd w,amm%dK yd uydm%dK
tlg ne|s wjia:djla
02 iUq`Oii iïnqoaOiai w,amm%dK yd uydm%dK
tlg ne|s wjia:djla
03 k`p.S;jdÈ; kÉp.S;jdÈ; w,amm%dK wlaIr muKla
wßhippdks wßhiÉpdks tlg ne¢ wjia:djla'
fojk ksoiqk thu
fjkia wdldrhlg ,shQ
wjia:djla
04 mqf`ndf,dys;x mqífndaf,days;x w,amm%dK wlaIr muKla
tlg ne¢ wjia:djla
05 `j;;sxidldrx oaj;a;sxidldrx w,amm%dK wlaIr muKla
tlg ne¢ wjia:djla
06 yf`.ks yxf.ks j¾.dka;dlaIrhla
w,amm%dKdlaIrhlg ne¢
wjia:djla
08 ´NdfiFjd ´Ndfi;ajd md,s NdIdfõ T ldrfha
§¾>h olajkafka ke;s
jqj o mqiafld<fha th
oelajQ wjia:djla
09 h;s ,s`.k;s h;s ,sx.ka;s ìkaÿj yd . ldrh ne¢
wjia:djla
10 fmd`G`ndkx fmdÜGíndkx fmdÜGíndkx hk ;ek
fldïnqj l%u follg
,shd ;sfí'

62
ks.ukh Paranavitana, S. (1970). Inscriptions of Ceylon.
Volume I, Colombo.
mqiafld< fmd;ays olakg ,efnk Buhler, H.G. (1904). Indian Paleography. Bombay.
wlaIr úúOdldr jk nj ;yjqre fõ' tfia u
fïOxlr kdhl ia:úr" we;sfmd,' ^1956&'
úúO m<d;aj, yd úúO .=rel=,hkays
mqiafld< f,aLk l,dj' fld<U'
Ndú; wlaIr o úúO jk nj m%lg fõ'
;j o mqiafld< fmd;a f,aLk l,dfõ § ngqjka;v
= dj m`ä;=ud' ^ixia'& ^1895&' jxi;:mmldisk'S
fld<U'
wlaIr úúO ùug n,md we;af;a tajd rÑ;
f,aLlhkaf.a l,d l=Y,;d yd f,aLkfha ,.uqj" wdßh' ^2006&' mqiafld< fmd;a f,aLk
l,dj' fld<U'
úúO ;dlaIKsl iajNdjhka nj o
;yjqre fõ' fï ksid mqiafld< fmd;ays úúO m%foaYj,g wh;a mqiafld< fmd;a rdYshla'
olakg ,efnk wl=re yd wl=re j¾.
ms<sn| ú.%yh b;d ixlS¾K jQjla jk
nj o fuys § ks.ukh l< yels h'

wdY%s; .%ka: kdudj,sh

l=udriajdñ" wdkkao' ^1962&' uOHld,Sk isxy,
l,d' fld<U'
l=,iQßh" wdkkao' ^1996&' mqiafld< fmd;a f,aLk .,ajefõ úu,Lka;s ysñ
l,dj' ixialD;sl mqrdKh" 01 fj`:u" 02 l,dmh" Y%S ,xld NslaIq úYajúoHd,h
fld<U' wkqrdOmqrh'
Davids, Rhys. (1950). Buddhist India, London.

63
 isxy,
mqiafld< fmd;a
kdudj,S
iïmdokh
mq iafld< f,aLk wdY%s; Ydia;%Sh
m¾fhaIK yd .%ka: ixialrK wdÈhg
m%fõY jk ljr Ydia;%jka;hl= w; jqjo
ks;r .ejfik tla fohla kï mqiafld<
fmd;a kdudj,s h' furg cd;sl uÜgfï
mqia;ld,hl oel .; yels úúO wkaofï
.%ka: yd ,sms kdudj,s (Catalogues) w;r
mqiafld< fmd;a kdudj,S o lsysmhla
fjhs' furg ì%;dkH hg;aúð; wjêfha
mgka m< ù we;s fuu kdudj,S fN!;sl
m%udKfhka yd tajdfha wka;¾.;
f;dr;=rej, m%udKfhka úúO jk fia
iïmdokh lr ;sfnkq ksÍlaIKh l<
yels h'
isxy, mqiafld< fmd;a f,aLk l,dj
yd tys wdkqIx.sl wx. ms<sn`o fndfyda
lreKq fï jk úg;a úoaj;=kaf.a fkdu|
wjOdkhg ,la j ;snqK o" mqiafld<
64
fmd;a kdudj,S ;ekSu yd tys b;sydih
ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq j we;a kï ta w,am
jYfhka hehs mejish hq;= h' mqiafld<
kdudj,S ieliSfï b;sydih .fõIKhg
jvd m¾fhaIlhkag jeo.;a ù we;af;a
iajlSh m¾fhaIKj, § oekg mj;akd
kdudj,s fl;rï ÿrg Wmfhda.s lr.;
yels o hkakhs' tkï mj;akd kdudj,Skays
i`oyka mqiafld< f,aLk furáka fyda
úfoaYhlska fyda imhd.; yels o hkak
hs' bhka .=K;s,lf.a A Bibliogrhapy of
Ceylon kï mqfrda.dó lD;sfha tk úia;r
yereKq l,1 mqiafld< fmd;a ms<sn| isÿ
lr we;s m%lg wOHhkj,ska mjd mqiafld<
fmd;a kdudj,S .ek oek.; yelafla
1. H.A.I Goonetileke (1970) A Bibliogrhapy of
Ceylon- Vol. I, Inter Documentation Company,
Switzerland, . 20-24 pp.
idudkH úia;rhls2' tfia jqj;a mqiafld<
fmd;a kdudj,S kï Ydia;%jka;hkaf.a
fkdu`o wjOdkh fhduq úh hq;= jeo.;a
m¾fhaIK lafIa;%hla f,i y`ÿkajd oSfï
je/oaola ke;'
oekg m< ù we;s isxy, mqiafld<
fmd;a kdudj,S ms<sn`o wjOdkh fhduq
lrk úg fmkS hk lreKla jkafka
tu kdudj,S m%Odk fldgia follg
j¾. l< yels njhs' bka m<uq jekak
uq¿ Èjhsfka u mqiafld< f,aLk
weiqßka ieliQ kdudj,S jk w;r
fojekak lsishï ksYaÑ; wdh;khl
^fl!;=ld.drhl$mqia;ld,hl& ;ekam;a
lr we;s mqiafld< fmd;a ms<sn| i|yka
kdudj,S fjhs' ixLHd;aul j .;a l, m<uq
j lS j¾.fha kdudj,S we;af;a iaj,amhls'
fojk j¾.fha kdudj,S Bg jeä m%udKhla
oel .; yels h' fojkq j lS" ksYaÑ;
fl!;= l d.drhl$mq i a ; ld,hl ;eka m ;a
lr we;s mqiafld< fmd;a .ek i`oyka
kdudj,S o fldgia follska y÷kd.;
yelshs' tkï foaYSh wdh;k mokï lr.;a
tajd yd úfoia wdh;k.; tajd f,i hs'
flfia jQjo" fuu ,smsfha § isxy, mqiafld<
fmd;a kdudj,S ms<sn`o flá úu¾Ykhla
isÿ lsÍug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka by;
oelajQ j¾.SlrK u; mokï j fkdj tu
kdudj,S m< jQ j¾I u; mokï j h'
ta wkqj fuh isxy, mqiafld< kdudj,S
ms<sn`o ixlaIsma; jQ;a" ld,dkql%ñl jQ;a
(chronological) úu¾Ykhls'
,xldfõ .%ka: yd f,aLk kdudj,S
iïmdokh wdrïN jQfha ì%;dkH hg;a
úð; ld,fha ñYkdÍka w;ska nj idys;H
b;sydih msßlaiSfï § fy<s jk lreKls'
2. n,kak( wdßh" ,.uqj' ^2019& Y%S ,xldfõ
mqiafld< fmd;a f,aLk l,dj" kqf.af.dv"
iriú m%ldYlfhda' 255 msgqj'
65
tn`ÿ kdudj,S m< lsÍug .;a uq,a u m%h;ak
ñYkdÍkaf.a jdr m%ldYkj,ska y`ÿkd
.ekSug mq¿jk' Extracts from Quarterly
Letters kñka 1819 ;rï w;S;hl m< jQ
ñYkdÍ jd¾;djl isxy, .%ka:kdudj,S
uqøs; j m< lsÍfï uq,a u wjia:djla oel
.; yels h' isxy, .%ka: folla ms<sn`o
tu kdudj,sfhys tk úia;r fï h'
uywkd.;jxih Maha-
anagatawansaya, This book comprises one
large volume, and is also in the Singhalese
language. It is composed throughout in the
style of prophecy, and is supposed to give
an exact history of the transmigrations of the
Budhus who are yet expected to be born
in this world. That is to say, at the end of the
l,shq. Kaleeyooga, or the sinful age. The
nature of the work is seen in its title uy
maha, great or chief, wkd.;; anagata,
future futurity, jxfia seeds, race, decent or
lineage, which words, when compound
the meaning as above.
mQcdj,sh Poojaawaleya, offering, This
book was publish by a Singhalese priest not
more than 4 or 500 years ago. It is a compilation
from number of Pali and Singhalese books.
The subject upon which is principally treats
is, a description of various kinds of offerings
made to Badhu by people while he was in
the world, with their consequent blessings.
The style of language being so modern, it
is of consequence properly adapted to the
capacities of the lowest classes of the people;
yet it is authorized and read in the temples.
It is sometimes called by the priests fudv
.Eksfmd; modegayneepota, literally the
foolish or simple woman's book3.
3 Extracts from Quarterly Letters &c. No IX, October
1819, Wesleyan Mission Press, Colombo. 141-142.
pp
 ñYkdÍka isxy, .%ka: ms<sn`oj
bÈßm;a lr we;s fuu ksÍlaIKj, we;eï
lreKq úYajikSh;ajfhka f;dr jk nj
mQcdj,sh fudav .Eks fmd; f,i y÷kajd
;sîfuka fmkS hhs' Tjqka iuld,Sk j úiQ
mçjrekaf.ka fkdj" idudkH ckhdf.ka
fuu f;dr;=re imhd.;a nj;a" ;ukag
yuq jk ljr fyda flfkl= mjik ljr
fyda fohla ;:H yd ksrjoH fohla f,i
ie,l+ wkaou;a fuhska fy<s fõ' fuu
.%ka: kdudj,S ieliSfï mrud¾:h foaYSh
ixialD;sh ms<sn| furg wd.ï m%pdrKfha
fh§ isá fiiq ñYkdÍkaf.a wjfndaOh
ÈhqKq lsÍu;a" ;uka iajfoaYsl ixialD;sh
ms < s n `o WfoHda . j;a nj ;;a ñYkdÍ
ix.ïj, ujq YdLdj,g ta;a;= .ekaùu;a
jeks mgq b,lalhl /|s meje;sh o fun`ÿ
m%h;ak wj;lafiare l< fkdyels h'
wvq u ;rñka 1820 .Kka jk úg furg
ckm%sh;ajfha by<ska u meje;s isxy,
.%ka: ljf¾ o hkak ms<sn| hï jegySula
,nd .ekSug fuu f,aLkh Ndú; l<
yels h'
bka miq j wmg yuq jk" vfhdksishia
fmf¾rd kï uqo,s;=ul= úiska iïmdokh
lrk ,oehs ie,flk Catalogue of Pali and
other manuscripts in temples in the Tangalle
district kï kdudj,sh oeka fidhd.;
fkdyels h' fuh we;eï úg ,xldfõ
w;amsgm;a ms<sn`o uq,a u kdudj,sh úh
yels njg bhka .=K;s,l wkqudk lr
we;;a4 by; wm oelajQ ñYkdÍ kdudj,sh
Bg jvd merKs nj mejish hq;= j
we;'
isxy, .%ka: kdudj,shla ieliSug
.;a ó<`. W;aidyh o ñYkdÍ mQcl;=ul=
yd iïnkaO jkakls' furgg meñKs
fjia,shdkq mQclhl= jQ o" rdclSh wdishd;sl
4 H.A.I Goonetileke, op.cit. p 23.
66
ix.ufha f.!rjdkaú; idudðlhl= fia u
.%ka: lsysmhl l;=jrhl= jQ o iafmkaia
ydä foaj.e;s ;=ud úiska 1848 fmnrjdß 26
fikiqrdod rdclSh wdishd;sl ix.ufha oS
lshjk ,o fmd;a 467l kïj,ska hq;a tu
kdudj,sh 184-7-48 j¾I i|yd jQ rdclSh
wdishd;sl ix.ufhys i`.rdfõ m< lr
we;5' fuu kdudj,sh wlaIr úkHdi
fodaIj,ska ¥Is;" .%ka: l¾;Djreka fyda
ld,h fyda .ek lsis i`oykla ke;s
w;sYh wiïmQ¾K tlla njg .=Kmd,
u,,fialr lr we;s ksÍlaIKh
ifya;=lh ' fuh List of the Books in the
6
Pali and Sinhalese Languages f,i kï
lr ;snqK o tys wxl 11 hgf;a yuq jkafka
wkqreoaO Y;lh hs' wkqreoaO Y;lh
jkdys fmdf,dkakre hq.fha § ,shjqKq
ixialD; Y;l ldjHhls' wxl 129 hgf;a
o`vqurKh hkqfjka fmd;la oela fj;;a
th o`vq fudkrh úh hq;= nj ksiel h'
wxl 147 hgf;a fou< ks>Kavqjla o olajd
we;s neúka fuu kdudj,sh yqfola md,s
fyda isxy, fmd;aj,g wod< tlla muKla
fkdjk nj fmkS hhs'
1852 j¾Ifha § fÊïia o w,aúia
iajlSh iso;a i`.rd mßj¾;kfha § isxy,
lD;s ms<sn`o lrk Ydia;%Sh újrKh o
isxy, .%ka: bx.%Sis udOHfhka f,dalhg
y`ÿkajd §ug lrk ,o jákd m%h;akhla
jk w;r th isxy, idys;H b;sydifha
lvhsula o fõ' flfia jqj;a w,aúiaf.a fï
.%ka: újrKh .%ka: kdudj,shla ;ekSfï
wruqKska lrk ,oaola fkdj isxy,
idys;Hfha iajNdjh yd wka;¾.;h"
NdIdj" Pkaoi wdÈh meyeÈ,s lsÍug ork
,o mqfrda.dó m%h;akhls' ieneúka u
5 The Journal of the Ceylon Branch of the Royal
Asiatic Society, No 03, 1847-48, pp189-200.
6 G.P. Malalasekara (1958) The Pali Literature of
Ceylon, M.D. Gunasena and Co. Colombo. p7.
.%ka: kdudj,S hkakg iß,k lD;shla o
w,aúia w;ska iïmdokh ù we;' th kï
A Descriptive Catalogue of Sanskrit, Pali,
and Sinhalese, Vol. 1 of 3: Literary Works of
Ceylon7 kï lD;sh hs' fuys m<uq ldKavfha
úia;r jk .%ka: úis;=fkka tfld<yla
u md,s lD;s nj u,,fialr fmkajd §
we;s w;r ldjHfYaLrh" mfrú ikafoaYh"
ie<,sysKs ikafoaYh" iso;a i`.rdj hk
isxy, lD;sj, úia;r o fuys wka;¾.;
h' fuu kdudj,sh iïmQ¾K lsÍug fmr
w,aúiaf.a wNdjh isÿ jQ nj u,,fialr
jeä ÿrg;a mjihs8'
oekg wm yuqfõ we;s idlaIH
wkqj furg mj;akd mqiafld< f,aLk
iïnkaOfhka úêu;a kdudj,shla
ieliSug .;a uq,a u W;aidyh jkafka 1885
j¾Ifha § uyuqo,s ¨ù o fidhsid úiska
m< l< A Catalogue of Pali, Sinhalese and
Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Temple Libraries
of Ceylon kñka hq;a ,laÈj úydria:dkj,
md,s" isxy, yd ixialD; mqiafld<
ms<sn| kdudj,sh hs' fuh b;d jeo.;a
m%h;akhla nj fmkS hkafka hg;a úð;
rcfha wkq.%yfhka fuu lghq;a; isÿ j
;sfnk neúks' fï lD;sh ksu lsÍug fmr
fidhsid uqo,s;=ud wNdjm%dma; jQfhka fuh
rch úiska m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,È' 1885 È
¨ù o fidhsid uyuqo,s ;=uka m< l<
úydrfmd;a.=,a mqiafld< fmd;a kdudj,sh
oeka ÿ¾,N .%ka:hla9 hehs 1959 j¾Ifha oS
,Xldfõ mqiafld< fmd;a kdudj,sh m<uq
Nd.fha oS fla' ã fidauodi mjid ;sîfuka
7 James D'alwis (1870), A Descriptive Catalogue of
Sanskrit, Pali, and Sinhalese, Vol. 1 of 3: Literary
Works of Ceylon, William Skeen, Government
Printer, Colombo.
8 G.P. Malalasekara op.cit. 7p
9 fla'ã'fidauodi ^1959&" ,Xldfõ mqiafld<
fmd;a kdudj,sh" ixialD;sl fomd¾;fïka;=j"
fld<U" V msgqj
67
fmkS hkafka tlaodia kjish mkia .Kka
jk úg;a ¨ù o fidhsid uqo,s;=udf.a
kdudj,sh úr, uQ,dY%hla j meje;s nj hs'
msgq 31lska iukaú;" kej; uqøs; njla
oek.kakg ke;s fuu kdudj,sh oeka
mqia;ld,h lsysmhlg muKla iSud jQjls'
¨ù o fidhsid uqo,s;=udf.a
kdudj,sfhys oelafjk lD;s ;%smsgl
fmd;a" idudkH wd.ñl lD;s" b;sydi"
jHdlrK jd.aúoHd yd lú fmd;a f,i
j¾.SlrKh lr we;' fmd;aj, úia;r
oelaùfï § idudkH l%uh ù we;af;a
fmdf;ys ku" fmd;a ;ekam;a lr we;s
ia:dkh" l;=jrhdf.a ku yd fmdf;ys
úIh lafIa;%h i`oyka lsÍu hs' ;j;a
;ekl m;abre .Kk" tajdfhys È. fia u
tl m;a brejl ,shd we;s fma<s ixLHdj o
i`oyka lsÍug lghq;= lr we;' we;eï
úg wod< lD;sh ms<sn|j ixialdrljrhdg
lshkakg we;s úfYaIs; lreKq oelaùula o
(remarks) y÷kd .; yelsh' ksoiqkla
my; ±lafõ (
Title of Book…DAMPIYA ATUVA
GETAPADA SANNE
Folia… 228 palm leaves, 18 inches
long, 7,8 and 9 lines to a page
Place of Deposit… Government
oriental library, Colombo, and library of
Louis De Zoysa, Maha Mudaliyar
Name of author… “Devise Weja Abha
Salamevan Kasub Maha Raja". King of
Lanka. Probably King Kasyapa V. A D 954
Subject…Ancient Sinhalese glossary
on the commentary on Dhammapada
Remarks: - This is an exceedingly
rare work and was discovered by me at Tissa
monastery in Seven Korales in 1875. It is
perhaps the oldest Sinhalese prose work yet
discovered10.
Oïmshd wgqjd .egmo ikakfhys
wod< msgmf;ys fN!;sl ieleiau
ms<sn| úia;rh muKla fkdj fuh
fndfyda úg oekg fYaI j we;s
me/‚ u isxy, .oH lD;sh úh yels njg
fuys oS ixialdrljrhd lr we;s i`oyk
b;d jgfka h' ;jo tys l;=jrhd mia
jk ldYHm rcq njg olajd we;s woyi
j;aufkys ksiel j ms<s.efkkafkls'
fufia .;a l," mqiafld< fmd;a kdudj,S
iïmdokfha ksYaÑ; wdrïNhla igyka
lrñka ¨ù o fidhsid uqo,s;=ud b;d
jeo.;a ft;sydisl ld¾hNdrhla isÿ lr
we;s nj i|yka l< ukd h'
mqiafld< fmd;a kdudj,S ieliSug
ng fÊïia o w,aúiag w;a jQ brKu ¨úia o
fidhsid uqo,s;=udg o w;a jQ nj u,,fialr
fmkajd fohs' tkï ish lghq;a; yudr
lsÍug u;af;ka Ôú;fhka iuq .ekSug
isÿ ùu hs' fidhsid uqo,s;=udf.a wNdjfhka
miq tu jev fldgi mejÍ we;af;a
tjl fld<U fl!;=ld.drfhys iyldr
mqia;ld,hdêm;s j isá ã' tï' o bfiâ'
úl%uisxyg hs' Tyqf.a m¾fhaIKj, m%;sM,
fld<U fl!;=ld.drfha 1890--95 md,k
jd¾;dj, oelafjk w;r miqj th rcfha
m%dÖk mqia;ld,fha kdudj,sh hgf;a
ix.%y lr we;'11
fï w;r" 1894 j¾Ifha § ihsuka
t*a' .=Kj¾Ok kï iïmdolhl= úiska
Catalogue of the Colombo Museum
Library. List of Pali Sinhalese and Sanskrit
10. Louis de Zoysa (1885), A catalogue of Pali,
Sinhalese and Sanskrit manuscripts in the
temple libraries of Ceylon, George J.A. Skeen,
Government Printer, Ceylon. p 6.
11. G.P. Malalasekara op.cit.p 9
68
Manuscripts kñka fld<U fl!;=ld
.drfhys ;ekam;a w;amsgm;a ms<sn| msgq
myl l=vd kdudj,shla t<s olajd we;s
nj bhka .=K;s,l lshhs12' fuu f,aLkh
oeka iq,n ke;'
19 jk ishji w. Nd.h jk
úg úfoia.; ,dxflah mqiafld<
fmd;a tl;=j, o kdudj,S ieliSu
wdrïN ù ;snqKq nj fmkS hhs' ì%;dkH
fl!;=ld.drfhys ;ekam;a lr ;snQ isxy,
w;amsgm;aj, kdudj,shla wjYH ù" tys
Ndrlrejkaf.a wdrdOkfhka th isÿ lr
we;af;a o ã' tï' o bfiâ' úl%uisxy hs'
Tyq ieliQ tu kdudj,sh Catalogue of the
Sinhalese manuscripts in the British Museum
kñka m< lrkq ,en we;af;a 1900 j¾Ifha
§ h' fuh tu wdh;kfha ;ekam;a lr
we;s .%ka: muKla úia;r flfrk
kdudj,shla jqj;a isxy, idys;Hh ms<sn`o
idr.¾N ye|skaùula o fï .%ka:drïNfha
oelafõ' kdudj,sh wdrïN jkafka nhsn,a
mqiafld< msgm;lsks' wk;=re j fn!oaO
idys;H" md,s yd ixialD; fmd;a" foaYSh
weoySï" l,d yd úoHd lD;s" fcHda;sIh
yd wNspdr" b;sydi fmd;a" ikakia" NdId"
jHdlrK" Pkaoia" idudkH idys;Hh" l:d"
ñY% lD;s" ,sms f,ig mqiafld< fmd;a yd
lvodis w;amsgm;a fia u fjk;a f,aLk
we;=¿ iuia; f,aLk 140la ms<sn| idrj;a
úia;r bosßm;a lr ;sfí'
fld<U fl!;=ld.drfha ;ekam;a
lr we;s mqiafld< f,aLk iïnkaO
úia;rd;aul kdudj,shla ví' ta' o is,ajd
úiska ilik ,ÿj Catalogue of palm leaf
manuscripts in the library of the Colombo
Museum kñka 1938 j¾Ifha § m< lrjk
,È' msgq 400lska muK iukaú; fuu
12 H.A.I Goonetileke, op.cit. 21p
kdudj,sh úêu;a ieleiaulska hq;= j
iïmdokh lr ;sfí' kdudj,sfhys uq,ska
f:arjdo fndoaO idys;Hhg wh;a lD;s
ms<sn| úia;r lr we;s w;r" thskq;a m<uq j
we;af;a isxy, wl=ßka ,shQ md,s" isxy, yd
ixialD; lD;s h' bka wk;=rej nqreu yd
ldïfndac wl=ßka ,shQ fn!oaO idys;H lD;s
úia;r fõ' bka miq ms<sfj<ska b;sydih yd
iïm%odh" jHdlrK yd jdlafldaI" Pkaoia
yd ldjH" l,d f,ig lD;s y÷kajd § we;'
m%fhdackj;a .%ka: kdu wkql%uKsldj,ska o
fï kdudj,sh fmdaIs; h' yqfola mqiafld<
f,aLk fidhd .ekSug muKla fkdj
Ydia;%jka;hkaf.a m¾fhaIK o i`oyd o
fun`ÿ .%ka: kdudj,S m%fhdackj;a nj
ví' ta' o' is,ajdf.a kdudj,sh Ydia;%Sh ,sms
i`oyd o weiqre lr ;sîfuka fmkS hhs'
WodyrKhla f,i ta' ù' iqrùrf.a f,aLk
iólaId - kj wdf,dal Odrd lD;sfha
iudma; jdlH kï ,smshg fndfyda fihska
weiqre lr we;af;a is,ajdf.a kdudj,sh
hs13' mri;=re Wjÿre ueo" me/‚hka uy;a
ÿIalr;d ú`osñka" ÿl fia mqiafld< f,aLk
wdrlaId lr .;af;a flfia oehs mejefik
m%lg i|ykla iys; mqiafld< f,aLkh
yuq jkafka o fuys h' LkaOl úkh
lD;shl tk tu i`oyk fufia h'
Y%S nq`O j¾Ifhka fooyia ;=kaish
mkaid,sia jk j¾Ifhys kjka udifha §
bx.%sis f.d,a, kqjrg wdod fmdh f.hs
ms<s;a iu. wvq jeäh foa werf.k
fmd;amhs;a fmd;af,kaiq;a fydre
werf.k .shod fï fmd;a jykafia
flfrys f.!rjfhkq;a Ydikhg Wmldr
msKsi;a rUqlk fidNs; Wkakdkafia jk
13 ta' ù' iqrùr ^2011&" f,aLk iólaId- kj
wdf,dal Odrd" ioSmd m%ldYlfhda" fnd/,a, 61
- 95 msgq'
69
ud úiska werf.k yka;dfka lef,a yryd
mrfjiaikalrf.k wdjdh fï fmd; n,d
jodrK flfkla ug msx fokjd fyd|h14'
ví'ta' o is,ajdf.a fuu mqiafld<
fmd;a kdudj,sfha fld<U cd;sl
fl!;=ld.drfha ;ekam;a mqiafld<
f,aLk 2456la ms<sn| úia;r we;=<;a h'
tu wdh;kfha óg jvd mqiafld< f,aLk
ixLHdjla mj;akd nj wms oksuq' Catalogue
of palm leaf manuscripts in the library of
the Colombo Museum Volume –I f,i fï
kdudj,sh kï lr ;sîfuka fmkS hkafka
fuys ;j;a fj¿ï tlla fyda lsysmhla fyda
t<s oelaùfï ie,iaula ;snQ nj hs' tfy;a
tn÷ fjk;a fj¿ula miq ld,hl m< jQ
njla oek .ekSug ke;' fuys ixialdrl
ví' ta' o' is,ajd 1936--1942 ld,fha furg
fi!LH wud;Hjrhd úh' 1942 j¾Ifha §
Tyqf.a wNdjh isÿ úh'
fï w;r" we;eï isxy, i`.rdj,
mqiafld< fmd;a kdudj,S m< ù we;s njg
idlaIH we;' ta i`oyd tla ksoiqkla .=rel=,
i`.rdfõ 1944 fkdjeïn¾ l,dmfhka
fmfka' tu i`.rdfõ ixialdrljrhd
jQ cq,shia o ,ekfrda,a uÿrdis
fl!;=ld.drfha ;ekam;a lr we;s isxy,
mqiafld< f,aLk mÍlaId lr" mqiafld<
fmd;a 37l kdudj,shla .=rel=, i`.rdfõ
m< lrjd we;15'
ì%;dkH cd;sl isú,a fiajlhl= jQ
yshq fkú,a ^1848--1897& úiska furáka
/ia lrk ,ÿj ì%;dkH fl!;=ld.
drh úiska ñ,g .kq ,en tys ;ekam;a
14 W. A. De Silva (1938) Catalogue of palm leaf
manuscripts in the library of the Colombo Museum,
Ceylon Government Press, Colombo. p 02.
15 .=rel=,-isxy< Ydia;%Sh i`.rdj" 1944
fkdjeïn¾ fÊ'ã' o' ,ekfrda,a ^ixia& m%dÖk
m¾fhaIK úoHd,h" fld<U' 43-47 msgq'
lr we;s mqiafld< fmd;a 2227l tl;=j
úfoaYhl mj;akd ,dxflah mqiafld<
fmd;a ixÑ; w;r úYd,;u tlls'
tys tk lú ix.%yh ms<sn|j yshq
fkú,a w;ska ,shjqKq w;amsgm; 1938 §
,kavkfha Y%S ,xld fjf<| flduidßia
f,i l%shd l< fmda,a B' mSßia úiska fidhd
.kakd ,ÿj" Tyq th m< lsÍu i|yd ish
mq;a mS'B'mS oerKsh.,g Ndr § we;' mS'B'mS
oerKsh., cd;sl fl!;=ld.dr wOHlaI j
isáh § tu msgm; Sinhala Verse kñka
l,dm ;=klska 1953" 1954" 1955 j¾Ij,
oS m< lf<a h' yshq fkú,a tl;=j
iïnkaOfhka jvd;a msßmqka kdudj,shla
bka miq j iïmdokh úh' tys ixialdrl
fla' ã' fidauodi hs' tu kdudj,sh ms<sn`o
ie,lSug u;af;ka fla'ã' fidauodi
,xldfõ mqiafld< iïnkaOfhka ;ekQ"
jvd;a m%p,s; kdudj,sh ms<sn|j wjOdkh
fhduq l< ukd fjhs'
furg mqiafld< fmd;a m¾fhaIlhka
w;r j¾;udkfha jvd;a m%lg mqiafld<
fmd;a kdudj,sh ù we;af;a fmardfo‚h
úYajúoHd,fha mqia;ld,hdêm;sjrhl= j
isá fla' ã' fidauodi úiska iïmdokh lrk
,o ,Xldfõ mqiafld< fmd;a kdudj,sh hs'
fj¿ï follska iukaú; fï kdudj,sfhys
m<uq fj¿u 1959 j¾Ifha § o fojekak
1964 j¾Ifha oS o m%ldYs; hs' kdudj,sfhys
ye`oskaùfuys oelafjk mßÈ 1955 j¾Ih
jk úg ol=Kq m<d; wdY%s; úydria:dkj,
mqiafld< f,aLk iïnkaOfhka
l=vd kdudj,shla m< lrjkakg fï
ixialdrljrhdg yels ù ;sfí' nqoaO
chka;s j¾Ifha msysgqjk ,o ,xld fn!oaO
uKav,h úiska Tyqf.a tlS lghq;af;a
jeo.;alu i,ld tu mqiafld< kdudj,sh
jvd;a mq¿,a wkaoug iïmdokh lsÍug
wdOdr wkqn, imhd we;' ta wkqj iïmdos;
70
,Ùldfõ mqiafld< fmd;a kdudj,sh"
tys iïmdoljrhd b;d ksjerÈ j
mjid we;s mßÈ u flá kdudj,shls'
fuhska o; yelafla mqiafld< fmd;aj,
kï yd tlS mqiafld< fmd;a ;ekam;a j
we;s ia:dk muKs' fuu kdudj,sfhys
m%:u Nd.fhys muKla úydria:dk 913l
we;s mqiafld< fmd;a yd f,aLk 44329la
wka;¾.; ù we;s njg .Kka n,d we;16'
fojk Nd.fha o t;rï úYd, mqiafld<
f,aLk m%udKhla wka;¾.; j we;s nj
fmfka' fuu fojk Nd.h 1964 j¾Ifha
m< jQ w;r" f;jk Nd.h f,i ì%;dkH
fl!;=ld.drfha ,dÙflah mqiafld< fmd;a
kdudj,sh o t<s olajd we;'
fla' ã' fidauodif.a ,Xldfõ
mqiafld< fmd;a kdudj,sfhys uq,a fj¿ï
fol jvd;a ckm%sh" mßYS,kSh .%ka:hla
neúka tys m%n,;d yd iSudlï lsysmhla
fuys ,d idlÉPd lrkq jà' ,Xldfõ
mqiafld< fmd;a kdudj,S foflys
mefkk lemS fmfkk m%n,;dj kï
fuh iuia; rfgys u mqiafld< fmd;a
ms<sn| f;dr;=re imhk uQ,dY%hla ùu hs'
ieneúka u fï fj¿ï fol yereKq
l," iuia; rfgys u mqiafld<
fmd;a ms<sn`o f;dr;=re imhd.;
yels fjk;a úêu;a kdudj,shla
j¾;udkh jk f;la iïmdokh ù
ke;' m¾fhaIK fyda .%ka: ixialrK
fyda lafIa;%hg ng m%ùKhdg fuka u
wdOqkslhdg o wjYH mqiafld< fmd;a rfÜ
l=uk ia:dkhl mj;skafka o hkak oek
.ekSug fuu fj¿ï folska ukd u`.
fmkaùula isÿ fõ' fuu kdudj,sfhys
oelsh yels ;j;a m%n,;djla kï furg
16 fla'ã' fidauodi ^1959& ,Xldfõ mqiafld<
fmd;a kdudj,sh" ixialD;sl fomd¾;fïka;=j"
fld<U' vi msgqj'
fuf;la wm%lg j meje;s mqiafld<
fmd;a ms<sn`o f;dr;=re o fuys wka;¾.;
ùuhs' iSy<j;a:q" úiqoaêu.a. .KaÀ jeks
fmd;a fidhd .ekSfï § fidauodi uy;d
ol=Kq m<d;g wod< j uq,ska u m< l<
kdudj,sh fld;rï m%fhdackj;a ù o
hkak fmd,aj;af;a nqoaOo;a; ysñfhda
ish b;d merKs isxy, nK l:d
lD;sfhys fmrjofkys meyeÈ,s lr;s'
kS;s ks>Kavqfjys à' î mdKfndlaflaf.a
uqøs; lD;sh úkd fjk;a lsisÿ msgm;la
;ud fkdÿgq nj tu lD;sh ms<sn|
m¾fhaIKhla l< yßYapkaø úch;=x.
mjid we;17' tfy;a ,Xldfõ mqiafld<
fmd;a kdudj,sfhys oaú;Sh Nd.fhys
ckjxYh kï lD;sh i|yka ;ek kS;s
ks>Kavqj hkakla we;18' th ckjxihg
fhÿKq m¾hdh kduhla o" ke;fyd;a fï
rfgys lsisÿ msgm;la ke;ehs ie,flk
kS;s ks>Kavqfjys u ÿ¾,N msgm;la oehs
fidhd ne,Su" fï ms<sn`o WfoHda.s ;j;a
m¾fhaIlfhl=g wkd.;fha isÿ l< yels
ld¾hhls'
,Xldfõ mqiafld< fmd;a
kdudj,sfhys we;s m%Odk iSudlu kï
fuys i|yka lD;s ixialdrljrhd
isheiska oel jd¾;d l< tajd fkdùu hs'
wod< úydria:dkj,g ,sms hejQ miq tu
úydria:dkj,ska tjQ kdudj,S mokï
lrf.k fuu fj¿ï fol iïmdokh
lr we;' tys § fndfyda úydria:dkj,ska
iïmQ¾K fmd;a ,ehsia;= tjd ke;sjd
muKla fkdj" tjd we;s fmd;a ,ehsia;=j,
ksrjoH;dj ms<sn`| ;yjqrejla o ke;'
17 kS;s ks>Kavqj ^1998& yßYapkaø úch;=x.
^ixia&" tia f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda fld<U
l msgqj'
18 fla'ã' fidauodi ^1964& ,Xldfõ mqiafld<
fmd;a kdudj,sh - oaú;Sh Nd.h" ixialD;sl
fomd¾;fïka;=j" fld<U' 24 msgqj'
71
mqiafld< f,aLk ms<sn| m%ùK;djla
ke;s wh tu úydria:dkj, fmd;a
,ehsia;= ieliSug bÈßm;a ù ;snqfKa
kï" tjk ,o ,ehsia;=j, hï hï fodaI
mej;Su iajdNdúl h' tfia u" furg
úydria:dkj, fkdjk fjk;a fm!oa.,sl
fmd;a .=,aj, we;s oyia ixLHd; mqiafld<
f,aLk fuu kdudj,shg wvx.= fkdùu o
iSudluls' ;j o" fuu kdudj,sfhka
o; yelafla mqiafld< f,aLkhl ku;a
th mj;akd ;ek;a muKls' mßYS,lhl=
fun`ÿ lD;shlska Bg jvd úia;r wfmalaId
lrk nj wms oksuq' fun`ÿ iSudlï
meje;sh o" óg fmr i`oyka l< mßos u"
iuia; rfgys u mqiafld< fmd;a ms<sn`o
oekg we;s tl u kdudj,sh fidauodi
kdudj,sh muKla jk fyhska fuys w.h
lsis fia;a u wvq fkdfõ' fidauodi uy;d
ish kdudj,sfha m<uq fj¿fï ye`oskaùfï
fufia lshd we;'
mqiafld< fmdf;a ku;a" tys msgm;a
we;s ;ekq;a i`oyka fldg b;d flá
kdudj,shla o" ta mqiafld< msgm;aj, ndysr
yd wNHka;ßl ,laIK" wlaIr úkHdih"
mdG ixikaokh" ld,h yd f,aLlhka o
ms<sn`o f;dr;=re wdoS lreKq úfõpkh
lrñka j¾Kkd;aul kdudj,shlao
ms<sfh< l< yel' oekg fkdmudj
jqjukd lrkafka flá kdudj,shls'
fï ;dla uqøKh fkdjQ àld"
wkqàld rdYshla o" iSy< j;a:qmlrKh
wdoS ÿ¾,N .%ka: lsysmhla o" wIagl m%Yia;s
ldjH wdoS iudch yd b;sydih ms<sn`o
f;dr;=re we;=<;a .%ka: iuQyhla o fï
mqia;ld,hkays we;s mqiafld< w;r úh'
fï ÿ¾,N .%ka: .ek iqÿiq ye`oskaùula
miqj iïmdokh lrkq ,nk j¾Kkd;aul
kdudj,shl we;=<;a jk neúka ta .ek
fuys jeäÿr fkd,shuq19
19 fla'ã' fidauodi ^1959& ,Xldfõ mqiafld<
fmd;a kdudj,sh" ixialD;sl fomd¾;fïka;=j"
fld<U' v-vi msgq'
 ,Xldfõ mqiafld< fmd;a
kdudj,sfhys fj¿ï fol m< j wv
ishjila bl=;a j we;;a fulshk
j¾Kkd;aul kdudj,shla j¾;udkh
olajd m< ù ke;' fidauodi uy;df.ka
miqj tu j.lSu Ndr.kakg lsisjl=
bosßm;a fkdùu lk.dgqjg lreKls'
kej;;a mqiafld< fmd;a kdudj,S
ms<sn`o wmf.a ld,dkql%ñl úia;rhg
meñKshfyd;a 1971 j¾Ifha iema;eïn¾
ui yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalfha ùrleáh
ft;sydisl khs., rdcuyd úydrfha
;ekam;a lr we;s mqiafld< f,aLk mÍlaId
l< uydpd¾h ã' B' fyÜáwdrÉÑ tu
fmd;aj, kï f,aLkhla ilid rijdyskS
i`.rdfõ m< lr we;20' miq j fuu
kdu f,aLkh khs., rdcuyd úydrfha
fmd;a .=, kñka cd;sl f,aLkdrlaIl
fomd¾;fïka;=j u`.ska fjk u fmd;a
msxpla f,i o t<s olajd ;sfí' fuys
khs., rdcuyd úydrh i;= mqiafld<
f,aLk 240l muK kï i`oyka h' tu
20 rijdyskS- 1972 ckjdß l,dmh 51--54 msgq'
72
mqiafld< fmd;aj, kï isxy, idys;Hh"
isxy, ks>Kavq" isxy, úhrK" Ydka;s
hka;% uka;%" md,s idys;Hh" iQ;% yd iQ;%
ikak" ixlS¾K md,s .%ka:" md,s ks>Kavq
úhrK" ixialD; fmd;a yd ikak"
ixialD; ks>Kavq" ffjoH .%ka:" fcHda;sI
.%ka: wdÈ f,i YS¾I lsysmhlg fuys fm<
.iajd we;'
fvka u d¾lfha flda m ka f ya k a ys
rdclSh mqia;ld,fha Y%S ,dxflah .%ka:
kdudj,sh The Royal Library, Copenhagen
Catalogue of Ceylonese Manuscripts
kñka 1980 j¾Ifha § m< ù ;sfí' th
ixialrKh lr we;af;a iS'B' f.dvl=Uqr
hs' fuu kdudj,sh wdrïNfha ,xldfõ
f,aLk b;sydih" isxy, NdIdfõ wlaIr
úkHdih" mqiafld< f,aLk l,dj wdÈh
ms<sn| idr.¾N úia;rhla bÈßm;a lr
we;' mqiafld< f,aLk muKla fkdj tu
rdclSh mqia;ld,fha ;ekam;a lr we;s
lvodis w;a msgm;a ms<sn`o úia;r o fuu
kdudj,shg we;=<;a lr ;sfnkq oel .;
yels hs' fuys § furáka /f.k f.dia
tu wdh;kfha iqrlaIs; j ;nd we;s .%ka:
md,s" ixialD; yd isxy, f,i NdId wkqj
fnod olajd ;sfí' 150--266 msgqj, isxy,
NdIdfjka rÑ; .%ka: hgf;a úia;r
lr we;s mqiafld< fmd;a ixLHdj 68ls'
tu tla tla mqiafld< fmd;l fN!;sl
;;a;ajh úia;r lsÍfï § fmd;l m;abre
.Kk" m;abrejl È. m<," brejl
,shd we;s fma<s .Kk" m;abre wxlkh
lr we;s wxl l%uh wdÈh ms<sn`o úia;r
bÈßm;a lr we;' lD;sj, wka;¾.;h
úia;r lsÍfï § tu lD;sj, rplhd" rÑ;
ld,h" lD;shg we;=<;a ù we;s lreKq
yd ;;a lD;sj, uqøs; ixialrK fõ kï
tajdfha úia;r o fidhd m< lr ;sfí'
lD;sj, wdrïNl yd wjidk jels olajd
;sîu m¾fhaIlhkag jvd;a m%fhdackj;a
h' óg wu;r j kdudj,sh wdrïNfha §
tys mj;akd mqiafld< fmd;a lsysmhl
is;=jï iys; fmd;a lïn" m;abre fia u
yqh iïnkaO lrk ilshd kñka y÷kajk
fnd;a;ï o PdhdrEm f,i olajd ;sîfuka
fuu kdudj,sh jvd;a msßmqka tlla njg
m;a lr we;'
fï w;r" m%xYfha cd;sl mqia;ld,fha
(Bibliothèque nationale de France) ;ekam;a
lr we;s isxy, f,aLk yeg .Kkl
úia;r /.;a kdudj,shla Catalogue Des
Manuscrits Singhalais kñka 1983 § m%xY
niska m< lr ;sfí' fuys iïmdolhd
ðkodi ,shkr;ak hs' fuu kdudj,sh
i`oyd bx.%Sis mßj¾;khla ieliqjfyd;a
th furg úoHd¾Òkag uyo¾:hla jkq
we;'
by; o i`oyka lr we;s wkaoug
ì%;dkH fl!;=;d.drfha yshq fkú,a
tl;=jg wod< mqiafld< f,aLk úia;r
flfrk ldKav i;lska hq;a Catalogue
of the Hugh Nevill Collection of Sinhalese
Manuscripts in the British Library kdudj,sh
73
iïmdokh lrk ,oafoa fla' ã' fidauodi
úisks' fuu ldKav i; 1987---1995 ld,fha
m< lr ;sfí' fï jkdys ,xldj ;=<
muKla fkdj úfoaYhl o mj;akd
furg mqiafld< tl;=jla ms<sn| ms<sfh<
jqKq úYd,;u yd tl u ixúê; u
kdudj,sh nj mejish yels h' fuys i;a
jk ldKavhg ye|skaùula ,shk ì%;dkH
fl!;=ld.drfha fmrÈ. yd bkaÈhdkq
ld¾hd, tl;=fõ iyldr wOHlaI Ô' ví'
fIda lshd we;af;a ldKav i;lska hq;a fuu
kdudj,sh fï ishjfia ^úis jk ishjfia&
ì%;dkH fl!;=ld.drh fkdfyd;a ì%;dkH
mqia;ld,h úiska l%shd;aul lrk
,o fmrÈ. .%ka: kdudj,S ieliSfï
jHdmD;sj,ska úYd,;u tlla nj h'21
ffjoH úoHd b;sydihg iïnkaO
yeoEÍï lrk" ,kavkfha b;d m%lg
fj,alï wdh;kfhys mqia;ld,fhys
ixrlaIs; isxy, mqiafld< kdudj,sh
iïmdokh lrk ,oafoa o fla' ã' fidauodi
úisks' th Catalogue of the Sinhalese
Manuscripts in the Library of the Welcome
Institute for the History of Medicine kñka
1996 § m< úh' uqøs; msgq 420lska hqla;
fuu kdudj,sfhka tu wdh;kfhys
;ekam;a lr we;s isxy, f,aLk 469la
ms<sn| jákd f;dr;=re bÈßm;a flf¾'
fuys úia;r flfrk lD;s foaYSh ffjoH
úoHdjg muKla wod< tajd fkdfõ' ta
w;r lDIsl¾uh" fcHda;sIh" fn!oaOd.ñl
l%sia;shdks O¾uh" wOHdmkh" l%Svd"
jHdlrK" fldaI .%ka:" Pkaoia" b;sydi"
pß; l:d" m%Yia;s" pdß;% jdß;%" mqrdK
;dlaIKh yd Ys,am l%u wd§ lafIa;% rdYshl
lD;s fjhs' wo Èk wNdú; mqrdK isxy,
;dlaIK úê ms<sn| .fõIKh lrkakl=g
21 K.D Somadasa (1995) Catalogue of the Hugh Nevill
Collection of Sinhalese Manuscripts in the British
Library: Vol 7, Pali Text Society, See: Preface .
fuys WS 349 hgf;a úia;r lr we;s hlv
WKq lsÍu lú iy jdi.ï kï mqiafld<
fmd; b;d m%fhdackj;a tlla jkq we;'
kdudj,S iïmdoljrhd fï lD;sh .ek
lshd we;af;a 18 jk ishjfia furg meje;s"
fuys úia;r flfrk hlv WKq lsÍfï
;dlaIKh oeka uq¿ukska u wNdú; njhs'
(In verse and prose, technical instructions on
iron smelting in Sri Lanka during the 18th
century. This local industry is dead now)22.
fld<U cd;sl fl!;=ld.drfha
;ekam;a lr we;s mqiafld< fmd;a
ms<sn`o ;j;a kdudj,shla fld<U
cd;sl fl!;=ld.drfha mqiafld< ms<sn`o
úia;rd;aul .%ka: kdudj,sh hk kñka
2010 j¾Ifha § m< úh' ks,ka; bkaosl
fyÜáf.a f.a ixialrKhla jk fuys
mqiafld< fmd;a 407la ms<sn`o f;dr;=re
wka;¾.; h' wod< mqiafld< fmd;a
wkqYS¾I 16la hgf;a j¾. lr ;sfí' tkï"
wNsO¾u" wd.ñl jdo" b;sydi" pß;dmodk"
fcHda;sI" foaYSh ffjoH .%ka:" md,s NdId
jHdlrK Pkafoda,xldr" md,s iQ;% w¾: yd
ikak" fn!oaO .%ka:" uka;% Ydia;%" f,aLk
l,dj" jdia;= úoHdj" úkh" Ydka;s l¾u"
ixialD; .%ka:" isxy, NdIdj yd idys;H
Pkafoda,xldr wdÈ f,ihs'
o<od ud,s.dfõ m%dÖk mqia;ld,fha
;ekam;a lr we;s mqiafld< f,aLk
iïnkaO kdudj,sh uykqjr Y%S o<od
ud,s.dfõ m%dÖk mqia;ld,fha iaurK
mqiafld< fmd;a jHdLHdj hk kñka m<
ù we;s w;r" th fuu lafIa;%fha m< ù
we;s kj;u kdudj,sh o fjhs' fm%aud
uq;=j;a; yd wcka; l=udr iurfldaka
hk fom<f.a ixialdrl;ajfhka 2016
j¾Ifha § m< jQ fuu kdudj,sfhys ;;a
mqia;ld,h i;= mqiafld< f,aLk 290la
22 K.D. Somadasa (1996) Catalogue of the Sinhalese
Manuscripts in the Library of the Wellcome
Institute for the History of Medicine, The Trustee
of the Wellcome Trust, London.281-282pp
74
ms<sn| úia;r wvx.= fõ' úia;r flfrk
fmd;aj, wdrïNh fia u wjidkh o
olajd we;s w;r" lïnfhys úia;r yd
msgm;alre ms<sn| f;dr;=re o wvx.= lr
;sîu ksid m¾fhaIlhkag fuhska úYd,
m%fhdackhla ,eìh yels h' lïnj, tk
Ñ;%j, PdhdrEm fia u" wod< fmd;a msgm;a
l< whf.a l=,h" iudc ;;a;ajh" jD;a;sh
wdÈ iudc úoHd;aul lreKq o m%ia;dr
u`.ska fmkajd ;sîu ksid fuu kdudj,sh
jvd;a mßiudma; tlla njg m;a ù we;s
wdldrh fmkS hhs'
fufia .;a l," furg yd úfoaYj,
mj;akd isxy, mqiafld< fmd;a ms<sn|j
miq.sh wjqreÿ tlish mkylg jeä
ld,hla uq¿,af,a m%fhdackj;a kdudj,S
/ila iïmdokh ù we;s nj mejish
yels h' w;S;fha wo fuka oshqKq
;dlaIKsl myiqlï fkdmej;ss neúka
ñka fndfydjla b;d wiSrefjka
iïmdokh l< tajd nj ksiel h'
furg w;S; ckhdf.a YsIagdpdr.; {dk
ixÑ;h ix.%y jQ wñ, ksOdkhla jk fuu
mqiafld< f,aLk iuqodh ixrlaIKh lsÍu
läkñka l< hq;= fia u Bg iu.dó j
j¾;udkfhys we; ÈhqKq ;dlaIKsl l%u o
Wmfhda.s lr .ksñka mqiafld< fmd;a
kdudj,S iïmdokh o iq,n l< hq;= h' th
cd;sl uÜgfï lghq;a;la neúka ta i`oyd
rdcH ;dka;%sl ueÈy;a ùula w;HjYH h'
nqoaêl fldakdr
fmardfoKsh úYajúoHd,h
 mqiafld< fmd;a ixrlaIKfha yd
wdrlaIKfha kQ;k Ndú;fhda
j xi l:d.; lreKq wkq j Èjhs f ka
f,aLk b;sydih wdÈ u wd¾h ckdjdi
msysgqùu yd iuld,Sk nj lshkq ,efí'
mqrdúoHd fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska wkqrdOmqr
we;=¿ kqjr isÿ l< leŒïj,ska l%s' mQ' 600--
- - 500 w;r ld,hg wh;a mdxY= ia;rj,ska
yuq jQ n%dyaó wlaIr iys; j<x len,s
f,aLk ld¾hh iïnkaOfhka Èjhsfkka
yuq jk merKs u ksoiqka fia ie,fla'
ls%'mq' 5 jk ishjfia úch rcq YS% ,xldjg
meóŒu;a iuÕ ;u rdcdNsfIalh i|yd
rdc l=udßldjl f.kajd .ekSfï wruq‚ka
bkaÈhdfõ uÿrdmqrhg yiqka m;la hejQ
nj uydjxifha i|yka fjhs' yiqkamf;a
iajrEmh ms<sn| §¾> úia;rhla tys i|yka
lr ke;s uq;a fndfyda úg th Ydl m;%j,ska
ilia lrk ,oaola jkakg we;' ls%'mQ' 3 jk
ishjfia ñys÷ ysñhka YS% ,xldjg nqÿoyu
y÷kajd §u;a iuÕ n%dyaó wlaIr Ndú;h
o furg m%p,s; jQ njg idOl yuq fjhs'
75
nqÿoyfï jHdma;sh;a iuÕ foaYSh
l,d Ys,amj, fukau f,aLk l,dfõ yd
idys;Hfha úYd, m%fndaOhla fuu ld,fha
isÿjQ nj wkqrdOmqr idys;Hfha o úYd,
m%fndaOhla isÿ jQ nj uydúydrh" wNh.sßh
yd fÊ;jkdrduh jeks NslI a q uOHia:dkj,
lghq;= weiqfrka fmkajd Èh yels h' fï
NslaIq uOHia:dk Tiafia mqiafld< f,aLk
l,dj wdrïN ù l% u dkq l + , j jHdma ;
jkakg we;' ls%'mQ' 1 jk ishjfia § ud;f,a
wdf,dal úydrfha § NslaIQka jykafia,d 500
kulf.a iyNd.s;ajfhka ;s%msglh f,aLk
.; lsÍfï § ;,am;a fyj;a mqif a ld< fmd;a
fhdod .;a nj is;sh yels h' 19 jk ishji
wdrïNh f;la u m%Odk f,aLk øjHh jQfha
mqiafld< fyj;a ilia lr .;a ;,a m;a
nj fmfka' bx.S%is md,k iufha lvodis
f,aLk nyq,j Ndú; ùu;a iuÕ mqiafld<
f,aLkh l%ufhka Ndú;fhka bj;a úh'
flfia jqjo úisjk ishji ueo Nd.h jk
f;lau YS% ,xldfõ mqiafld< fmd;a Ndú;
lr we;s nj mer‚ úydria:dkj, fmd;a
.=,a mßlaId lsÍfï § fmkS hhs' lvodis
f,a L k m% p ,s ; ùu;a iuÕ mq i a f ld<
fmd;a fmd;a.=,aj,g muKla iSud úh'
foa Y S h ;dla I Kh" idys ; Hh" nq o a O d.u"
ckY% e ;s h " foa Y S h fjolu" hd;= l ¾u"
hka;% uka;%" fcHda;sIh jeks idïm%odhsl
oekqï iïNdrh fuu mqiafld< fmd;aj,
wka ; ¾.;j we;' wm i;= mq i a f ld<
fmd;aj,ska fldgila hg;a úð; iufha
úfoaYl s hka YS% ,xldfjka /f.k f.dia we;'
mqiafld< fmd;a 2227lska iukaú; ì%;dkH
fl!;=ld.drfha ;ekam;a lr we;s yshq
fkú,a tl;=j YS% ,xldfjka /f.k .sh
m%lg mqif a ld< fmd;a tl;=jls' óg wu;rj
weußldj" m%xYh" c¾uksh" TiafÜ%,h s dj wdÈ
rgj,a .Kkdjl YS% ,xldfjka /f.k .sh
mqiafld< fmd;a iqrlaIs;j ;ekam;a lr
we;s nj mS'tÉ'ã'tÉ o is,ajd uy;d 1975 §
isÿlrk ,o iólaIKhlska fmkajd § we;'
mqiafld< fmd;a wdrlaIKh yd
ixrlaIKh i|yd ffk;sl n,h
YS% ,xldfõ mqiafld< fmd;a
wdrlaIKh yd ixrlaIKh i|yd
ffk;sl n,h 1973 wxl 48 ork cd;sl
f,aLkdrlaIl mk; uÕska cd;sl
f,a L kdrla I l fomd¾;fïka ; = j fj;
mejÍ we;' tu mkf;ys j.ka;s 8^2& ^wd&"
^b&" ^W&" 12 ^1&" ^2& u`.ska mqiafld< fmd;a
wdrlaIKh iïnkaOfhka f,aLkdrlaIl
fomd¾;fïka;=j lghq;= l< hq;= wdldrh
i|yka lr we;' ta wkqj mqiafld< f,aLk
ixrla I Kh ls Í u i|yd Wmfoia ,nd
§u" ixrlaIK lghq;= wëlaIKh lsÍu"
mqiafld< f,aLk kdudj,S ms<sfh, lsÍu
yd wjYH wjia:dj, mqoa.,hka ika;lfha
mj;sk mqiafld< f,aLk fomd¾;fïka;=j
76
fj; wdnoaO lr .ekSu i|yd n,h ñka
mjrd we;' 1940 wxl 9 ork mqrdjia;=
wd{d mkf;a VII jeks fldgfia 48 ^wd&
j.ka;sh u`.ska mqrdjia;= hkak ks¾jpkh
lr ;sfí' tfiau fuu mkf;a i|yka 1850g
fmr ld,mßÉfÊohl isg mej; tk hk
j.ka ; s h 1998 wxl 24 ork mq r djia ; =
^ixfYdaOk& mkf;a 5 ^1& yd ^2& hk j.ka;s
u.ska wjqreÿ 100g fkdwvq ld,hl isg
f,i ixfYdaOkh lr ;sfí' ta wkqj
jir 100g jvd mer‚ mqiafld< fmd;a
mqrdjia;= f,i w¾: .ekaúh yels h' ta
uÕska mqrdjia;= wdrlaIKh yd ixrlaIKh
iïnkaO ish¨‍ kS;s Í;s jir 100g jvd
mer‚ mqiafld< fmd;a i|yd wdfoaY jkq
we;' 1988 wxl 51 ork cd;sl mqia;ld,
yd m% f ,a L k fia j d uKa v , mkf;a 2
jk fldgfia 12 ^2&" ^wd& u`.ska cd;sl
mqi;a ld, yd m%f,aLk fiajd uKav,h fj;
YS% ,xldfõ f,aLk Wreuh ixrlaIKh
lsÍug;a" mqia;ld, l%uj;aj mj;ajdf.k
hdug wjYH m%;sm;a;s ilia lsÍug;a" tajd
hdukh lsÍug;a n,h mejÍ we;' tfiau
1942 wxl 31 ork cd;sl fl!;=ld.dr
mk; u`.s k a mq i a f ld< fmd;a tl;=
fl!;= l d.drh ;= < mj;a j df.k hñka
tu tl;=j, wdrlaIK yd ixrlaIKh
fjkqfjka lghq;= lsÍug cd;sl fl!;=ld.dr
fomd¾;fïka;=jg mjrd we;' 1980 wxl 57
ork uOHu ixialD;sl wruqo,a mk; u`.ska
YS% ,xldfõ ixialD;sl Wreuh ixrlaIKh
lsÍfï ld¾hh uOHu ixialD;sl wruqo,
fj; mejÍ we;' by; wdh;k fï jk úg
mqiafld< fmd;a ixrlaIKh yd wdrlaIKh
ms < s n | fkdfhla jevigyka wdrïN
lr we;' óg wu;rj mqrdúoHd mYapd;a
Wmdê wdh;kh" le,Ksh úYajúoHd,fha
mqia;ld, yd f;dr;=re ú{dmk wOHhk
wxYh- yd kdúkak wdhq¾fõo m¾fhaIK
úoHd wdh;kh mqiafld< fmd;a wdrlaIKh
yd ixrla I Kh iïnka O jevigyka
ls%hd;aul lrhs' tfiau rdcH fkdjk
wdh;k .Kkdjla o YS% ,xldfõ mqiafld<
fmd;a wdrla I Khg yd ixrla I Khg
iïnkaOj odhl;ajh imhñka we;' kQ,yï
moku W;=re m<df;a mqiafld< fmd;a yd
f,aLk ixrlaIK lghq;=j, ksr;j isák
m%lg rdcH fkdjk wdh;khls' by;
wdh;k mqiafld< fmd;a ixrlaIKfha §
wkq.ukh lrk úêl%uj, úúO;ajhla
mej;Su" rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk
is ÿ lrk ixrla I K lghq ; = j , m% ñ ;s h "
.= K d;a u l ;;a ; a j h fidhd ne,S u g
jevms<sfj<lafkdue;s ùu j¾;udkfha
mqifa ld< fmd;a ixrlaIK lghq;j= ,§ uqyK
q q
fok m%Odk .eg¨jls' cd;sl f,aLkdrlaIl
fomd¾;fïka;=j uÕska mqiafld<
fmd;a wdrlaIK yd ixrlaIKh i|yd
ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yhla ilia lsÍu" rdcH
fkdjk wdh;k i|yd ixrlaIK Wmfoia
iemhSug yd wëlaIK lghq;= isÿ lsÍug
l%ufõohla ieliSu u`.ska by; .eg¨
myiqfjka u`. yrjd .; yels h'
cd;sl mqiafld< fmd;a
kdudj,shl wjYH;dj
fï jk úg YS% ,xldj i;= mqiafld<
fmd;aj,ska fldgila rdcH wdh;kj,g
wh;a f,a L kd.drj," fl!;= l d.drj,
yd mqia;ld,j, ;ekam;a lr we;' b;sß
úYd, mqiafld< fmd;a m%udKh mer‚
úydria : dkj," flda ú ,a j , fuka u
foaYSh ffjoHjreka yd hleÿrka jeks
iïm%odhsl Ys,amSka i;=j mj;S' we;eï
mer‚ úydria:dkj, ;ekam;a lr we;s
77
mqiafld< fmd;a ksis wdrlaIKhla fyda
ixrlaIKhla fyda fkdue;sj úkdYhg m;a
fjñka mj;sk nj fmkS hhs' mqiafld<
fmd;a ixrlaIKfha § oekg Èjhsfka úisÍ
mj;sk mqiafld< fmd;a y÷kd.ekSu i|yd
cd;sl mqif
a ld< fmd;a kdudj,shla ieliSu
w;HjYH cd;sl l¾;jHhls'
mqiafld< fmd;a ms<sn| m%:u iQÑh
vfhdkSishia fmf¾rd uqo,s;=ud 1832 §
iïmdokh lr we;' miqj uyuqo,s ¨‍ù o
fidhsid" YS% ,xldfõ úydr fmd;a.=,aj,
;eka m ;a lr we;s is x y, yd ixia l D;
mqiafld< fmd;a ms<sn| iqÑhla 1885 §
iïmdokh lr we;' wjika jrg cd;sl
mqiafld< fmd;a kdudj,shla iïmdokh
lr we;af;a fla'ã' fidauodi uy;dh' Tyq
YS% ,xldfõ mqiafld< fmd;a kdudj,sh
fj¿ï folls k a iïmdokh lr we;'
m<uq fj¿u u`.s k a úydrdrdu 913la
wdjrKh lr we;s w;r fojk fj¿u u.ska
úydrdrdu 674la wdjrKh lr we;' fla'
ã' fidauodi uy;d úiska iïmdokh lrk
,o mqiafld< fmd;a kdudj,sh ilia lr
wv ishjila muK blau f.dia we;' tu
kdudj,sfhys i|yka we;eï mqiafld<
fmd;a fï jk úg úkdY ù ;sîug yelshdj
we;' tfia u we;eï mq i a f ld< fmd;a
wia : dk.;j ;s î ug yels h ' mq i a f ld<
fmd;a ixrlaIKfha § hdj;ald,sSk lrk
,o cd;s l mq i a f ld< fmd;a kdudj,s h
w;HjYH wx.hls' bka ixrlaIKfha §
m%uqL;dj ,nd Èh hq;= mqiafld< fmd;a
b;du myiqfjka y÷kd .ekSug wjldY
ie,fik w;r cd;sl jYfhka mqiafld<
fmd;a ixrlaIK jevigyka ilia lsÍfï §
wjYH uQ,sl f;dr;=re ,nd fohs'
ridhksl yd idïm%odhsl l%u u`.ska
mqiafld< fmd;a ixrlaIKh
YS% ,xldfõ mqiafld< fmd;a ilia
ls Í u i|yd fhdod f.k we;a f ;a ;,
Ydl m;%hs' mqiafld< fmd;a ilia lsÍug
Corypha umbraculifera Ydl úfYaIfha m;%
nyq, f,i fhdod f.k we;' tfiau Borassus
flabellifer Ydl m;% o iq¿ jYfhka w;S;fha
fhdod f.k we;' idïm%odhsl l%ufõoj,g
wkqj Ydl m;% fk<d .ekSfuka miq m;%
moï lsÍfï ls%hdj,shlg Ndckh lr we;'
idïm%odhsl ;dlaI‚l l%u Tiafia ms<sfh,
lr.kakd ,o mqiafld< u; wlaIr igyka
lsÍu isÿ lr we;' mqif a ld<h ilia lsÍfï§
wkq.ukh lrk idïm%odhsl l%u mqiafld<
fmdf;ys §¾> meje;aug bjy,a ù we;s
nj fmfka' mqiafld<h u; wlaIr igyka
lsÍfuka miq ÿïu, f;,a ^Vateria accminata
Ydl fldgia ksiaidrKfhka ,nd.kakd
ff;,hls& uÕska l¿‍ ue§fï ls%hdj,sh
isÿ lrkq ,nhs' fuu ls%hdj,sh u`.ska
mßirh ;=< ia:dhSj §¾> ld,hla ydks
fkdù mej;Sug wjYH Yla;sh mqiafld<
fmd;a fj; ,nd fokq ,nhs' j¾;ukfha
§ mqiafld< fmd;a ixrlaIK lghq;=j,§
ÿïu, f;,a kùk ;dlaI‚l hka;% u.ska
ilia lr ishqïj wUrk ,o .evqn w`.=re
^Trema orientales& iuÕ ñY% lr l`M‍ ue§fï
ls%hdj,shg fhdod .kq ,nhs' ÿïu, f;,a
u`.ska m;abrej,g wjYH kuHYS,S nj ,nd
fokq ,nhs' tfiau uE;l § cd;sl mqi; a ld,
yd m%f,aLk fiajd uKav,h u`.ska isÿ
lrk ,o m¾fhaIKhla wkqj mqiafld<
fmd;a u; j¾Okh jk È,Sr yd nelaàßhd
u¾okh lsÍfï .=Kh fuu ÿïu, f;,a
i;=j mj;sk nj m¾fhaIKd;aulj fmkajd
§ we;' tfiau YS% ,xldfõ mqiafld< fmd;a
tl;= wdYs%;j nyq,j j¾Okh jk" tfiau
78
mqiafld< fmd;aj,g úYd, ydkshla isÿ
lrk Lasioderma serricorne ^Coleoptera&
lDñ úfYaIh id¾:lj m,jd yeÍfï .=Kh
fyj;a lDñ úl¾Il Yla;h s fï Ydl idrh
i;= nj m¾fhaIK u`.ska ;yjqre lr we;'
flfia fj;;a ld¾ólrKh fya;=fjka
mßirfha is ÿ j we;s fjkia l ïj,g
wkqj¾;kh fjñka mqiafld< fmd;a u;
j¾Okh jk we;eï È,Sr úfYaI u¾okh
lsÍug ;hsfuda,a jdIam fhdod .kq ,nhs'
fuh ;hsfuda,a OQudhkh f,i y÷kajkq
,nhs' ÿïu, f;,a i|yd m%;sfrdaë lDóka
u¾okh lsÍug f*diamSka jdhqj fhdod
.kq ,efí' fuh f,aLk ixrlaIKfha §
f*diamSka OQudhkh f,i y÷kajkq ,nhs'
mqiafld< fmd;a ridhkslj yd ffcùh
f,i ÔrKh ùfï § mqiafld< u; yg
.kakd me,a,ï bj;a lsÍug fkdfhla
ridhks l øjHh fhdod .efka ' Nx.= r
;;a;ja hg m;a mqif
a ld< fmd;a ixrlaIKfha
§ tkalemaiqf,aYka l%uh fhdod .kq ,nhs'
fuys § mdroDYH fmd,sfm%dm,Ska ;Ügq
folla Nx.=r ;;a;ajhg m;a mqiafld<h
wdjrKh jk f,i by<g yd my<g fhdod
mqiafld<h Yla;su;a lsÍu isÿ lrkq ,nhs'
j¾;udkfha mqif a ld< fmd;a ixrlaIKfha §
idïm%odhsl l%u yd ridhksl l%u uqiq jq
ifudaOdk l%uhla wkq.ukh flf¾'
mqiafld< fmd;a ixLHdxllrKh
fyj;a äðg,alrKh
mqia;ld, øjH äðg,alrKh uÕska
f,dalfha äðg,a mqia;ld, ìys ùu;a iuÕ
tys wdNdih ,nd .ksñka mqiafld< fmd;a
äðg,a mqia;ld, ìyssfjñka mj;S' tfiau
mq i a f ld< fmd;a ixLHdxllrKh yd
äðg,alrKh mqiafld< fmd;a ixrlaIK
úêhla f,i o wo m%p,s;j we;' mqiafld<
fmd;a äðg,a l rKfhka miq äðg,a
mqia;ld, fj; wod< f.dkq m%fõY lrkq
,nhs ' túg äðg,a mq i a ; ld,h iu`.
f,da l fha ljr fyda ia : dkhl is á k
mdGlhl=g wka;¾ cd,h Tiafia iïnkaO
ù mq i a f ld< fmd;a mßYS , kh ls Í fï
yelshdj we;' äðg,a ;dlaIKh ìysùug
m%:u mqiafld< fmd;a uhslafrda *s,aï lsÍu
fyj;a laIqø mg, fj;g ,nd .ekSu lrk
,È' fuu laIqø mg, ixrlaIKh lsÍug
úYd, msßjehla oeÍug isÿj we;s fyhska
j¾;udkfha fuu laIqø mg,j, .nvdlr
we;s mq i a f ld< fmd;a äðg,a udOHhg
mßj¾;kh lrñka mj;S' mqiafld< fmd;a
äðg,alrK lghq;= wdrïN lsÍu i|yd
úYd, m%d.aOkhla wjYH flf¾' fï i|yd
fmd;a ialEka lsÍug ksIamdokh lr we;s wka;¾cd;sl m%ñ;shla we;' tfy;a mqifa ld<
ialEka hka;%hla Ndú; flf¾' we;eï úg fmd;a i|yd tjeks m% ñ ;s h la fuf;la
wä 1 ½ -2 la muK È.ska hq;a mqiafld< y÷kajd § fkd;sîu úYd, wvqjls' mqifa ld<
fmd;a äðg,alrKh i|yd 50 mm äðg,a fmd;a i|yd wx. myls k a hq ; a .% k a :
leurdjla fhdod .ekSug isÿ fjhs' fuys§ úoHd;aul f;dr;=re iuQyhla uydpd¾h
,nd .kakd cdhdrEm fyda ialEka msgm;a mshodi rKisxy uy;d y÷kajd § we;'
400 dpi muK úfNaokhlska hqla; úh tkï l¾;D" mqiafld< fmdf;a ud;Dldj"
hq;=h' tfiau tiff f.dkq ixrlaIs; msgm; th ,sùug fya;=j" tys m%udKh yd Ndú;h
f,i .nvd lr ;nk w;r pdf f.dkq f,i olajd we;' mqiafld< fmd;a äðg,a
mßYS,k lghq;= i|yd äðg,a mqia;ld,h mqia;ld, fj; m%fõY lsÍfï § wjYH
fj; m%fõY lrkq ,nhs' äðg,a mqia;ld, jk .%ka: ú{dmk f;dr;=re iïnkaO
fj; fuu f.dkq m%fõY lsÍfï § mqiafld< wka;¾cd;sl m%ñ;shla ilia lsÍug cd;sl
fmd;a úêu;a j¾.S l rKhlg Ndckh mqia;ld, yd m%f,aLk fiajd uKav,h"
l< hq;= fõ' fï i|yd ksYaÑ; mqiafld< wka;¾cd;sl wka;¾ mqia;ld, ix.uh
fmd;a j¾.S l rKhl wjYH;dj mj;S ' ^IFLA& iu`. tlaj mqiafld< fmd;a Ndú;
äðg,alrKh isÿ lrk wdh;k Tjqka lrk rgj, úfYaI{hka fld<Ug le|jd
úiska ilia lrk ,o j¾.SlrK l%uhla iïuka;%Khla 2017 j¾Ifha § meje;aùh'
j¾;udkfha Ndú; lrhs' tfiau mqia;ld, fuys fojk iuq ¿ j meje;a ù fuka miq
øjHhla äðg,a mqia;ld,h fj; m%fõY fï iïnkaOj ilia lr we;s iïuq;sh
lsÍfï § wod< mqia;ld, øjH yd iïnkaO m%ldYhg m;a lsÍug kshñ;h'
.%ka: úoHd;aul f;dr;=re we;=<;a l< äðg,a mqia;ld, u`.ska mqiafld<
hq;=hs' fmd;a m;a we;=`M‍ mqia;ld, øjH fmd;a fj; b;d myiqfjka m%fõY ùug
i|yd .%ka: úoHd;aul f;dr;=re iïnkaO

79
myiqlï i,id we;s fyhska m¾fhaIlhkaf.a
ld,h" uqo,a yd Y%uh bka b;sß fõ' fuys §
äðg,a mqia;ld, u`.ska ixLHdxllrKh
lr we;s ish¨u mqiafld< fmd;a i|yd
m%fõY myiqlï imhd §ula isÿ fkdlrhs'
äðg,a mq i a ; ld, yd iïnka O úoa j ;a
lñgqjla u`.k s a ud¾..; m%fõY ,nd Èh hq;=
mqiafld< fmd;a y÷kd.ekSula isÿ lrhs'
ud¾..; m%fõY myiqlï ,nd fkdfok"
Lanka. Sarvodaya Vishva Leka, Rathmalana
Perera, M. (1832). Catalogue of Pali and other
manuscripts in temples in the Tangalle district, General
meeting at the Royal Asiatic Society, Colombo
Ranasinghe, P. (2013). Palm leaf manuscript culture
in Sri Lanka. Proceeding of the 2nd international
conference on Social science, University of kelaniya
De Silva, P.H.D.H. (1975). A Catalogue of antiquities and
other cultural objects from Sri Lanka. National Museum
of Sri Lanka, Colombo

úfYaIfhka foaYSh ffjoH mqiafld< fmd;a The scoping IFLA workshop on Plam leaf manuscripts,
Preserving Cultural Heritage, 22.11.2017, Sri Lanka
^fu;la uqøKh lr m%ldYhg m;a lr
ke;s& úoHd yd ;dlaI‚l f;dr;=re wvx.= De Zoysa, .L (1885). Catalogue of Pali, Sinhalese and
Sanskrit manuscripts in the temple libraries of Ceylon.
mqiafld< fmd;a úfYaI wjirhla ,nd Government of Printers, Colombo
.ekSfuka miqj muKla mßYS,kh lsÍfï
fida u odi" fla ' ã' ^1959&' ,xldfõ mq i a f ld<
yelshdj mj;s' bÈßfha§ ilia ùug kshñ; fmd;a kdudj,s h - m% : u Nd.h' ixia l D;s l
cd;sl mqiafld< fmd;a äðg,a mqia;ld,h fomd¾;fïka;=j" fld<U'
mq i a f ld< fmd;a ixrla I K la f Ia ; % f ha fida u odi" fla ' ã' ^1964&' ,xldfõ mq i a f ld<
yerjqï ,laIHhla jkq fkdwkqudkh' fmd;a kdudj,s h fojk Nd.h' ixia l D;s l
fomd¾;fïka;=j" fld<U'
wdYs%; .%ka:
Cabral, U. (2014). The Economically Easy Method to
Digitize Oversized Documents with Special Reference to
Ola Leaf Manuscripts. The MOW Digital Age Conference
proceedings -2012, Canada www.unesco.org/new/
fileadmin/.../HQ/.../VC_Cabral_27_B_1410.pdf
Cabral, U, Muthurajah, N, R, Thankavadivel, R. (2018)
Developing a strategic program for safeguarding palm-
leaf manuscripts in Sri Lanka. IFLA WLIC 2018 – Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia – Transform Libraries, Transform
Societies in Session 124 - PAC Strategic Program on
Preservation and Conservation with Rare Books and
Special Collections, http://library.ifla.org/2266/
Cabral, U. Kim, S., Hong, J.Y. (2016). Biocide for
Preservation Cultural Properties, Mould on books and
graphic art. A report on latest research results, (ed),
Boudalis, G et.al, Verlag Berger, Austria.
Cabral, U. Rathnabahu, R.M.N.(2021). Report on the
best practices for conservation of Palm-Leaf
Manuscripts in Sri Lankan Libraries, IFLA
https://www.ifla.org/files/assets/pac/Documents/pac_sri_
lanka_report_best_practices_for conservation_of_palm- wdpd¾h Woh lírd,a
leaf_manuscripts_.pdf cd;sl mqia;ld, yd m%f,aLk fiajd uKav,h
Gunawardana, S. (1997). Plam leaf manuscripts of Sri

80
 ixialrK Ys,am l%u
t la;rd j¾.hl .%ka: ixialrK mqrdK
ld,fha mgka ,xldfõ mej;s nj
ms<s.ekSug ndOdjla ke;' úfYaIfhka
bkaÈhdjo wfkla fmrÈ. rgj,ao ms<sn|j
fuh i;H fõ' flfia jqjo" YslaIKhla
iys; úoHdjla jYfhka ixialrKh Ndú;
jkakg mgka .ekqfKa hqfrdamd rgj, nj
ms<s.; hq;=j we;' .%ka: ixialrKh wo
úoaj;a msßia w;r y÷kajkq ,nkqfha zmdG
úpdrKhz ^Textual Criticism& hkq f jks '
fuh uq,skau Ndú; lrkq ,en we;af;a 19
jk ishji ueo yßfha§ nhsn,h ms<sn|
c¾udkq úoaj;l= jQ fÊ' mS' whsÉfydaka ^J.
G. Eichhorn& kue;a ; l= úis k ehs ls h kq
,efí' .%ka: ixialrKh úIhfhys uÜgï
folla ms<sn|j whsÉfydaka i|yka lr
we;' tkï ^w& my;a ;,fha úpdrh ^Lower
Criticism&" ^wd& Wiia ;,fha úpdrh ^Higher
Criticism& hkqhs' Wiia ;,fha úpdrh zmdG
ixia l rKhZ ^ Textual Editing& hkq f jka
y÷kd .kq ,eìK' Wiia ;,fha úpdrh hk
moh Ndú; lrk ,oafoa zzuq,a fm<g yels
;rï ióm jk f,i .%ka: m%;sixialrKh
lsÍfï Ys,am l%uhZZ i|ydh' we;eï .%ka:
ixialdrlhka j¾;udkfha ms<s.kq ,nk
iïu; woyia yd iu. wkql+, jkq ms‚i
wlaIr úkHdih" NdIdj wdÈh w;ska u;=
fkdj úIh ldrKd w;skao wdfoaYl yd
úl,am fhÿï u.ska ta ta .%ka:hkaf.a
81
uq,a ;;ajh fndfyda fia úlD; lsÍï isÿ
lrkakg fm,ö we;s nj fmfka' tn÷
úlD; lsÍïj, m%;sM,h ù we;af;a .%ka:h
uq,a lD;sfhka fndfyda ÿrg fjkia jQjla
ùuhs'
zuq,a lD;shg yels ;rï iómZ mrudo¾YS
.%ka: m%;sixialrKhla idlaId;a lr.kq
ms ‚ i" ixia l drlhd úis k a tla ; rd
ld¾hdj,s h la wkq . ukh l< hq ; = h ehs
wfmalaId flf¾' isxy, .%ka: ms<sn|j
i,lk l,ays ta ld¾hdj,sh my; oelafjk
mßÈ isoaO lsÍu wfmalaIs;h'
^1& .%ka:fhys ,nd.; yels ish¨ msgm;a
tla/ia lr .ekSu ^mqiafld< msgm;a
w;ska ,shk ,o fjk;a msgm;a" uqøs;
ixialrK wdÈh&"
^2& jvd;a úYajikSh ke;fyd;a úYajikSh
nj ;SrKh lr .ekSfï woyiska yels
;rï ÿrg w;a msgm;aj, mrïmrdj ^tajd
fld;ekg wh;a jQfhao wdÈh& ksYaph
lr.ekSu'
^3& mdGdka;r ixikaokh ^msgm;a ii|d
ne,Su&'
^4& fm< ;SrKh lsÍu iuÕ mdGdka;r mdo
igyka uÕska jd¾;d fldg ;eîu'
oeka" ixialdrljrhdf.a wfkla j.lSu
.;fyd;a .%ka:h lshúh yels wdldrhlska
bÈßm;a lsÍu hehs oelaúh yelsh' fuhska
.efkkafka .%ka:h mqiafld< f,aLkfha
is g uq ø s ; ;;a j hg f.k ta u hs ' w;S ;
mqiafld< ,shkakka ish¨ joka tlgu
,s ù fï iïm% o dhhla " - fjk;a f,ils k a
lsjfyd;a tla jokla B<Õ jpkfhka
fjka fkdfldg ,s ù fï iïm% o dhhla - "
wkq.ukh l< nj wms oksuq' jdlH fjka
lrk zl=Kav,shZ yer fjk;a úrdu ,laIK
Ndú; lsÍfï iïm%odhhla Tjqkag fkdùh'
fufia l¾;D úiska wNsu; w¾:h u;= lr
oelafjk mßÈ jpk fjka fldg bÈßm;a
ls Í u ixia l drljrhd fj; mejfrk
j.lS u ls ' idjoH f,i flfrk mo
fn§ulska iïmQ¾Kfhkau fjkia w¾:hla
,eìh yels fyhska fuh fmfkk ;rï
myiq ld¾hhla fkdfõ' Oïmshd wgqjd .eg
mofhka ksoiqkla .; fyd;a mqiafld<
msgmf;a zzw.ijqjkgksiszz hkqfjka tk
fhÿu ã' î' ch;s,l uy;d olajd we;af;a"
zzw.ijqjkg ksisZZ hkqfjks' ueo Whkaf.
dv úu,ls;a;s ysñhka th olajkafka" zzw.
ijqjkg ksisZZ hkqfjks' fï ixialrK
fofla § u ta mo fn§fï fjki tys
w¾:hg n, md ke;' tys w¾:h jkqfha
zw.% Y%djlhkg iqÿiqZ ^agreeable to the
chief disciples& hkqhs' ã' B' fyÜáwdrÉÑ
uy;df.a mo fn§u jkqfha zzw.ijq jkg
ks i s z Z hkq h s ' tys w¾:h zw.% Y % d jlhka
jkakg iqÿiqZ ^it to become chief disciples&
hkqhs' fyÜáwdrÉÑ uy;df.a w¾:l:kh
w¾:hg jvd;a .e<fmk nj lsj hq;h = ' m<uq
ksoiqfkys w.ijqjkg hkak úNla;Hka;
kduhla jk w;r" fojekafkys th lDoka;
l%shd mohls'
j¾;udk ixia l drljrhl= g uq y q K
mdka k g is ÿ jk ;j;a .eg¨jla kï
w;amsgm;aj, olakg ,efnk úúO wlaIr
y÷kd .ekSuh' fjk;a jpkj,ska lsj
82
fyd;a rpkfhys Ndú; flfrk wlaIrhka
wdY%s; w¾: ks¾Khhs' mqiafld< msgm;a ,shd
we;s wl=re j¾;udk wl=rej,g jvd t;rï
fjkia fkdjk kuqÿ ne¢ wl=re" f¾Mh
iuÕ tlu wl=r fojrla fh§u" uydm%dK"
w¾O kdislH wdÈ we;eï úfYaI;d tys
,d ola k d ,efí' mYa p d;a l d,S k fmd;a
msgm;a lrkak;a ks;ru mqrd;k jHjydrh
fkdi,ld yeÍu ksid Tjqka w;ska mqif a ld<
msgm;ays wlaIr úkHdih fnfyúka jHdl=,
jQ nj fmfka' zjDlaIZ" zNDx.Z wdÈ jYfhka
R ldr iys; joka ,shd we;af;a zj%laIZ"
zN%x.Z wdÈ f,iska rldrdxYh iys;jh'
u;= oelafjkafka mqiafld< f,aLkj, tk
fjk;a wuq;= fhÿïh(
;D;Sh fjkqjg ;%s;Sh
mqreIhd fjkqjg mqI–hd
mÉphd fjkqjg mpphd ^fuh fmfkkqfha
zmvhdZ f,isks&
ujqìij fjkqjg fu!ìij
i¾j{ fjkqjg iín[a[
m[apd, fjkqjg md`pd,
Roaê fjkqjg b`ê" t`ê" ßoaÈ
Yl% foafõkaøhd fjkqjg Yell% fofjJøhd
Ydikh fjkqjg YEikh
;jo" odka;H zkZ z,Z yd uQ¾OkH zKZ z<Z
fh§fï fyda uydm%dK yd w,amm%dK fh§fï
fyda talñ;shla fkdùh' we;eï wlaIr
rEm jerÈ f,i lshùug fhduq flfrk
wjia:do olakd ,efí' ksoiqka f,i" ish
iiodj;a ixia l rKfhys fmrjofkys §
úu, úchiQßh uy;d olajd we;s mßÈ
^§¾>& zrdZ hkak z.Z hkak f,i fmfkk
mßÈ ,shkq ,en ;sfí' ta wkqj zlsrd;Z
hkak w;a msgmf;ys ,shd we;af;a zls.;Z
hkqfjks' wlaIr y÷kd .ekSfï§ .%ka:
ixialdrljrhd b;d ie,ls,su;a úh hq;=h'
tfiau tla tla msgm;a lrkakkaf.a f,aLk
úfYaI;do y÷kd .; hq;= fõ'
fm< m%;sIaGdmkh lsÍfï l%shdj,sfha§
ixialdrljrhd fmf<ys w¾:h flfrys
fukau tys ikao¾Nfhys msygs d w¾: l:kh
lsÍu flfryso wjOdkh oelaúh hq;= fõ'
ta ld¾hfhys§ jd.aúoHd;aul" idys;ahsl"
ft;sydisl" iudc ixialD;sl wdÈ jYfhka
.%ka:h wh;a jk miqìu ms<sn| mQ¾K
oekqfuka Tyq ikakoaO úh hq;=h' msgm;a
lrka k ka w;s k a fuka u ixia l drlhka
w;skao we;eï idjoH;d isÿj we;af;a fï
miqìï oekqu fkdi,ld yeÍfuka nj
fmkajd Èh hq;=j we;' mqiafld< msgm;a
,shkakka jeäÿr is;d fkdne,Su fya;=
fldg f.ko" tfiau msgm;a lrk mdGfha
mq¿,a w¾: .ek wkjfndaOfhkao isÿ ù
we;s m%udo flfrys .eUqßka fkdúuiSfï
m%;sM, jYfhka ixialdrlhka yd we;eï
úg úoaj;=kao t<U we;s we;eï idjoH
ks.uk fldf;l=;a wkdjrK fõ'
ixialrK ld¾hfha§ udf.a w;aoelSula
jd¾;d lrkq leue;a f ;ñ' ta jQ l,s "
rdcdj,S kï lD;sfha w;amsgm;a ixikaokh
lrñka tys Ydia;%Sh ixialrKhla
iïmdokh lroa§ wkdjrKh jQ
lreKls' tkï úu,O¾uiQßh rcq wdjdy
lr.;a foda k d l;s ß kd l= u ßh ms < s n |
m%jD;a;shls' mqiafld< msgm;a jeä .Kkl
fodakd l;sßkd .ek i|yka ù ;snqfKa u;=
oelafjk whqßks(
zìij lkHdjZ
zìij lkHdúZ
zìij lkkdúZ
zìfida lkkdúhZ
zìij lkkHdjZ
zìfida lkkúhZ
83
tla mqiafld< msgm;l fufia i|yka
jQfhah(
zzta ìij lkúh ta rc w. fufyiqka
fldg WkkdyZZ hkqfjks'
;jo" mq i a f ld< ms g m;a i;rl u;=
i|yka mßÈ jd¾;d lr ;sìK(
zzta ìijf.a oEi lKúh' ta rc w.
fufyiqka fldg WkafkahZZ
idudkH jYfhka i,lk l, fï
fhÿï rdcdj,sh rpkd lr ;snQ nia jyrg
wkql+, fõ' ta wkqj ta tlo fhÿula fyda
m%;slafIam lsÍug fya;= ke;' tla tla
w;amsgmf;a tk fï mdGdka;r w;=ßka
jvd;a fhda.H mdGh l=ulao@ uq,a lD;sfhys
rdcdj,S l;= j rhd fhdoka k g we;a f ;a
ljr fhÿulao hkq ks.ukh lsÍu ud
fj; mejreK j.lSu úh' fodakd l;sßkd
ìij tla weila wkaOj isáhdo hkak
ikd: lsÍu i|yd fjk;a idOl wkqudk
jYfhka fyda fidhd .; yels kï ta we;eï
rdcdj,S mqiafld< msgm;aj, i|yka fhÿu
ms<s.; hq;= fjhs' rdcdj,sh yd iuld,Sk
wfkla ish¨ f,aLk mßlaId l<o tjeks
f;dr;=rla ,nd.; yels fkdùh' tfia kï
th wmmdGhla fia i,ld m%;slafIam lsÍug
isÿ fjhs' tfy;a mqiafld< msgm;a i;rlu
fhdokq ,en we;s mdGhla m%;slafIam lsÍug
kï idOdrK idOl ;sìh hq;h = ' fï .eg¨j
ksrdlrKh lsÍfï§ b;sydi.; f;dr;=re
wdY%hfhka msgqjy,la fkd,efnk w;r'
rdcdj,S l;= j rhdf.a NdId jHjydrh
flfrys wjOdkh oelaùu uekjehs is;sK'
úu,O¾uiQßh rc;=ud úiska ish ìfida
;k;=rg m;a lr.kq ,enqfõ lkHd l=ußhl
nj jd¾;d ls Í u rdcdj,S l;= j rhdf.a
wfma l a I dj jQ f ha o @ fufia Wml,a m kh
lrñka rdcdj,s h iïmdokh flreKq
jljdkqfõ NdId Ndú;h .eko i,lk
l,ays ksjerÈ mdGh zlkHd ìijZ" zìfida
lkHdjZ" zìij lkHdúZ jeks fhÿula
úh hq;= nj ie,lSu wmyiq fkdfõ' fï
wkqj mQ¾fjdala; rdcdj,s mdGdka;r ilia
ù we;af;a u;= oelafjk wdldrfhka nj
Wml,amkh lsÍu fhda.H;r fia fmfka'
ìij lkHdj > ìij lkHdú > ìij
lka k ú > ìfida lka k ú > ìfida
lkakúh > ìij lKúh > ìijf.a wei
lk$ lK úh'
zìijf.a wei lK úhZ hk fhÿu miq
ld,fha w;amsgm;a ,shkakl= úiska tl;=
lrkq ,enQ wmN%xYhla jQ ieá is;d .ekSu
ÿIalr fkdjkafkah' rdcdj,S msgm;l tk
fï wmmdGh jeäÿr úNd. lsÍfuka f;drj
Y=oaO mdGh f,i i,ld fodak l;sßkd
ìij weila wkaOj isá ldka;djl nj
wkdjrKh lrf;d;a th mqÿuhla fkdfõ'
wfma tla m%ùK idys;HOrfhl= w;sk a
ieneúkau ta jro isÿ jQ nj fuys ,d i|yka
l< yelsh' .%ka: ixialrK ld¾hfha§"
mdGdka;r ixikaokh fldg ksjerÈ mdGh
ksYaph lsÍu w;sYhska mÍlaIdldÍj isÿ l<
ukd ld¾hhla njg fï tla WodyrKhla
mu‚'
.%ka:fhys iajNdjh wkqj j¾.SlrKh
oeka isxy, .%ka: yd iïnkaO we;eï
Ys , a m S h Í;s .ek i,ld n,uq ' .% k a :
iajNdjho ixialdrljrfhl=g wyUqfjka
uqK.efik úfYaI .eg¨o wkqj ixialrK
ld¾hdj,sh fjkia úh yelsh' fï idOl
ie,ls,a,g .;a l,ays" .%ka: j¾.SlrKh
fldgia i;rlg fnod oelaúh yelsh'
^i& jHdLHdkd;a u l lD;s ^wgq j d" àld"
ikak" .egmo wdÈh&
jHdl= , w¾: iys ; ixia l D;" md,s "
isxy, hkdÈ NdIdjlska iïmdÈ; .%ka:hla
wdY%fhka tys mofhka moh fyda mdGfhka
84
mdGh f.k w¾: újrK imhd we;s lD;s
fï .Khg wh;a fõ' fuys§ ixialdrlf.a
wjOdkh fhduq jka f ka uQ , mdGhg
jvd w¾: újrK mdG flfrysh' tfia
jq j ;a ixia l rK ld¾hfha § uQ , mdGh
yd w¾: újrK mdG w;r iurEm;djla
iy tlÕ;ajhla wfmalaId flf¾' we;eï
úg uQ , mdGfha w¾:hg wkq l + , jk
mßÈ mdGdka;r flfrys w,am úYajdih
;nd fjk;a iuld,S k uQ , dY% h hka f .a
msysá m;ñka fm< ilia lsÍug isÿ jk
wjia:do ;sìh yelsh' tfiao jqj uq¿ukska
w;a;fkdau;sl ùug kï ixialdrljrhd
ksoyi ,nd .; hq;= ke;'
^ii& uq,a lD;sh kIagm%dh ù we;s l,ays th
m%;sks¾udKh lsÍu'
fï i|yd uq,a lD;shg imhkq ,en we;s
wgqjd" àld" újrK wdÈh m%fhdackhg .;
yelsh' fï mßjdr .%ka: uq,a lD;sfha l¾;D
úiskau wfyda mYapd;ald,Skj fjk;a wh
úiska fyda iïmdÈl tajd úh yelsh'
fuh iuyr úg weoys h fkdyels
ldrKhla fia fmfk;;a" úoaj;=ka yd
ixialdrljreka úiska fun÷ lD;s mj;akd
nj fmkajd fokq ,en we;' fm< uq¿uksku a
kIagm%dh jQ cdklSyrK kï ixialD; uyd
ldjHh r;au,dfka O¾udrdu uy f;reka
úiska m%;m
s n
% kaO lrk ,oafoa ixialrKhlg
jvd m% ; s k s ¾ udKhla jk wdldrfhks '
wmf.a iuyr .S ldjHhkays fm<o fï
l%shdj,sh wkqj ilia ù we;ehs wkqudk
lrkq ,efí' ksoiqkla olajf;d;a iiodj;
ixialrKh lrñka úu, úchiQßh uy;d
wkqudk lr we;af;a tys oeka mj;akd
fm<" oUfo‚ hq.fha§ fyda bka miqj
fyda hïlsis úoajf;l= úiska tl, meje;s
ikakhla wdY%hfhka ilia lrk ,oaola
úh yels njh'
^iii& moH lD;s
fïjd ;j ÿrg;a fldgia follg fnÈh
yelsh'
^w& fm< mdG iy ikakho iys; moH lD;s
fuys§o ixialdrlhdg oaú;aj j.lSula
we;' tkï" fm< m%;sixialrKh lsÍfï§
w;a msgm;a flfrys úYajdih ;nd .kakd
w;ru w¾:h iq.u jk fia fm< ieliSu
i|yd ikakh flfryso wjOdkh fhduq
lsÍuh'
^w& fm< mdG muKla we;s moH lD;s
fï fo.Kfha§u" .oH fuka fkdj"
moH yeu úgu fjka fjkaj ,shk ksid
ixialdrljrhdg tajdfha úß;" t<siuh
wdÈh flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrkakg
is o a O fj;s h s hk woyi wkq j Tyq f .a
ld¾hh hï muKlg myiq jkafkah'
^iv& .oH lD;s
fuys§" fjk;a lreKq .ek ie,ls,su;a
ùug jvd ixialdrljrhdg fndfyda fihska
úYajdih ;eîug isÿ jkq we;af;a ,nd .;
yels w;amsgm;a flfryshs'
l%ufõoh wkqj j¾.SlrKh
uE; wjêfhys ixialrKh flreKq
isxy, .%ka: ixLHdj ie,ls,a,g .;a l,ays'
wm okakd ;rñka ixialdrljrfhl=f.a
wjOdkhg ,la jQ uq,au isxy, .%ka:h
jkafka iso;a iÕrdjhs' fÊïia o w,aúia
uy;df.a ixialdrl;ajh hgf;a th 1851§
uq ø Kh lrk ,È' úfYa I fhka 19 jk
Y;j¾Ifha uOH Nd.fha furg yg .;a
fn!oaOd.ñl m%fndaOh" isxy, uqøK Ys,amh
m%p,s; ùu hkdÈ lreKq fya;= fldg f.k
isxy, .%ka: m%ldYkh flfrys úYd,
Wkkaÿjla we;s jQfhah' 19 jk ishji
wjika jk úg mdGlhdg myiq f jka
85
,nd.; fkdyelsj" mqiafld< msgm;aj,g
iSud ù ;snQ isxy, .%ka: úYd, ixLHdjla
m%ldYhg m;a flßK'
1851 mgka ixialrKh fldg uqøKh
flreK isxy, .%ka: foi n,k l,ays" u;=
oelafjk mßÈ mq¿,a fnÿï i;rla Tiafia
tajdfha ixialrK l%shdj,sh i,ld ne,Su
hqla;s hqla; fõ'
^w& uqL mrïmrd.;j wdrlaId jQ .%ka:
ixialrK"
^wd& ;ks w;a msgm;la mokï fldg .;a
.%ka: ixialrK"
^b& w;a msgm;a jeä .Kkla mokï fldg
f.k f;dard .;a úúO mdGdka;r i|yka
lr we;;a tajd wh;a w;a msgm; ljf¾oehs
olajd ke;s .%ka: ixialrK"
^B& w;a msgm;a .Kkdjla mokï fldg
f.k' ta tla tla msgmf;a we;s mdGdka;r;a
tajd i|yka w;a msgm;=;a olajd we;s .%ka:
ixialrK
fï fnÿï ms<sfj< ljr fyda
ld,dkq l % u ‚l rgdjla wkq j ;yjq r e
fkdjk nj fmkajd Èh hq;=j we;' tfiau
ljr ld, jljdkq j l§ jq j tla ;ks
fnÿula muKla mej;s nj y÷kd .ekSuo
ksjerÈ fkdfõ' fïjdfha§ Ndú; l%ufõoh
tla tla l;=jrhdf.a fm!oa.,sl f;dard
.ekSula f,i ie,lSu jvd ksjerÈ fjhs'
tkuqÿ" mdG úpdrKh yd iumd; jk fuys
wjikg oelajQ fnÿu" .%k:
a ixialrKfhys
,d kj;u jQo w;sYhska ÈhqKq jQo l%ufõoh
nj ms<s.; hq;= fjhs'
tla tla msgmf;a tk ish¨ mdGdka;r w;a
msgm;aj, kï iys;j olajñka w;a msgm;a
.Kkdjla mdol lr .ksñka .%ka: ilia
flfrk ixialrK
 kQ ; k úoa j ;= k a úis k a mßNdú;
zúpdrd;a u l ixia l rKhZ kï" .% k a :
ixia l rKfha iïu; l% u fõoh úNd.
lruq ' z úpdrd;a u l ixia l rKh hkq
.% k a : j, uQ , s l ia j rEmhg yels ;rï
ióm f,i tajd m%;sixialrKh lsÍuh'
isxy, iïNdjH .%ka: ms<sn|j i,lk
l,ays" ixialrKh i|yd m%Odk jYfhka
ke;fyd;a uq¿ukskau mdol lr .kafka
mqiafld< msgm;ah' mrmqßka mrmqrg" tajd
msgm;a lsÍfï l%shdj,sfha§ fndfyda jerÈ
yd wvq mdvq we;sj ;sfn;shs ms<s.ekSu
idOdrKh' tfiau ixialdrljrhd yels
;dla msgm;a flfrys úYajdih ;eîugo
ne£ isák nj ms<s.; hq;=h' fï ld¾hfha§
ixialdrljrfhl=g wkq.ukh l< yelsj
;sfnk úl,am foflls'
^w& tlu uQ, lD;shlska m%Nj ù we;ehs
ie,ls h yels jQ o " w;s Y hs k a úYa j ikS h
f,i fmkS hkakd jQo tla w;a msgm;la
fyda w;amsgm;a lSmhla fyda m%Odk f,i
mokï fldgf.k .%ka:h m%;sixialrKh
ls Í u m<uq l% u fõohhs ' fuys § wfkla
w;a msgm;aj, tk mdGdka;r .%ka:hg
we;=<;a lrkafka' f;dard .;a w;a msgmf;a
fyda w;a msgm;aj, fyda tk mdGh hï
fya;=jla fyda fya;= lSmhla fyda ksid
jerÈ iy.; nj ;yjq r e ls Í u i|yd
muKls' uydjxi ixialrKfha§ .hs.¾
uy;do jxi;a:mamldisksh ixialrKfha§
u,,fialr uy;do Ndú; fldg we;af;a
fï l%ufõohhs' tn÷" msgm;a iSud iys;
ùu ksid fï l%ufõoh neyer lrkakg
isÿ jk wjia:djkays§ fojk l%ufõoh
Ndú; flf¾'
^wd& fuys§ isÿ flfrkqfha ixialdrljrhdf.a
wNsu;h mßÈ" ieneúkau iEfyk ;rï
ndysr idOl we;sj" tla w;a msgm;lska
86
fyda jeä .Kkls k a fyda f;da r d .;a
w;sYhskau iqÿiq mdGh fhdod .ekSu uÕska
.%ka:h m%;sixialrKh lsÍuh' pQ,jxi
ixialrKfha§ .hs.¾ uy;d fhdod f.k
we;af;a fï l%ufõohhs' Tyq ta nj fufia
meyeÈ,s lrhs'
zzwmg oek .kakg ,enqKq fï .%k:
a fha
yeu w;a msgm;lau tlu uQ,lD;shlska
m%Nj ù ;sîu lk.dgqjg lreKls' fï
;;a;ajh hgf;a ixialdrljrekaf.a
ld¾hNdrh ;rula ÿrg w;Dma;sodhl
fjhs' tla w;a msgm;la fyda msgm;a
iuQyhla fyda m%Odk uQ,dY%h fldg
f.k .%ka: m%;sixialrKfha ksYaÑ;
Í;sh wkq.ukh lrkakg wmg yels
fkdfõ'˜
fï m%fNaohg wh;a jk isxy, .%k:
a
ixialrKh ms<sn|j fmdÿ ksÍlaIKhla
lsÍfï§" wmf.a ixialdrljreka w;a msgm;a
wh;a jQ ;eka wdÈ lreKq y÷kd .ekaug
wjOdkh fhduq lr we;ehs oelaúh hq;=
kuq ÿ " iuia ; hla jYfhka .;a l,a y s
Tjqkaf.a w;amsgm;aj,gu úfYaI jQ fya;=
ksid hg lshk ,o fojk l%ufõoh Tjqka
fhdod f.k we;s nj fmfkkakg ;sfí'
úoHudk idlaIH wkqj" fï ,laIK
iys;j uq,skau isxy, .%ka: ixialrKhla
m< lrkq ,enqfõ udfndamsáfha fïOxlr
ysñhka úisks' úYsIag lD;shla jk fuh"
mQcdj,sfha 34 jk mßÉfþohg t;=uka úiska
lrk ,o ixialrKhla f,i 1932§ m< ù
;sfí' fïOxlr ysñhka olajk wkaoug
tlu iïm%odhlg wh;a jk mqiafld<
msgm;a 10la iy uqøs; .%ka: ;=klao Ndú;
lrñka" .%ka:h tys uq,a iajrEmhg wkqj
m%;sixialrKh lrkakg t;=uka jehï lr
we;af;a ish ys;=u;h wkqj lsisÿ ksjerÈ
lsÍula fkdlrñks' ish¨ mdGdka;r olajd
we;af;a tajd ljr msgm;g wh;ao hkq;a
olajñks" uqka jykafia fï ld¾hh bgq lr
we;af;a m%lg b;sydi{hl= jQ tÉ' ví,sõ'
fldâßxgka uy;df.a wdrdOkfhks' fï
ys ñ hka f .a mdKa ä ;Hhg widOdrKhla
fkdjk mßÈ ls h hq ; a ; la kï" is x y,
.% k a : ixia l rKhg wd.ka ; = l jQ fï
zúpdrd;aul ixialrKhZ kï l%ufõoh
fhdod.kakg fldâßxgka uy;d úiska
t;=uka leu;s lrjd .kq ,nkakg we;s
njhs' fï ixialrKh;a iuÕu" zY=oaêhZ"
zixfYdaOkhZ hkafkka b÷rd fjkia jQ
kj wre;la zixialrKhZ hk jok uÕska
w;am;a lr f.k we;'
flfia jqj o" Y%S ,dxflah úoaj;=ka
úYajúoHd,hj,g iajlSh mYapdoa Wmdê
mÍlaIK i|yd .%ka: ixialrKh bÈßm;a
lsÍu wdrïN lrk f;la fï úpdrd;aul
ixialrKh kï kj l%ufõoh fmdÿfõ
Ndú;hg fkd.eks K ' iuyr úg fï
l%ufõoh wkqj iïmdokh flreK m%:u
ixialrKh ã' B' fyÜáwdrÉÑ uy;d
úiska ,xvka úYajúoHd,hg bÈßm;a lrkq
,enQ o¾Yk úYdro Wmdê ksnkaOh jk
fji;=re od ikafk ^1950& ixialrKh
úh yels h ' mYa p doa Wmdê i|yd o<od
isß;" ioaO¾ud,xldrh" fldals, ikafoaYh"
f,dafldamldrh" rdcdj,sh" isxy, Od;= jxih
fukau ;j;a fndfyda .%ka: ixialrKh
fldg ,xldfõ úYajúoHd,hj,go ,xvka
úYajúoHd,hgo bÈßm;a lrk ,È' fï
m%fNaohg wh;a fjk;a iajdëk ixialrK
jYfhka ã' B' fyÜáwdrÉÑ uy;df.a
Oïmshd wgqjd .egmoh ^1974&" tï' î'
wdßhmd, uy;df.a lõis¿ñK ^1965& m%dÖk
NdfIdamldr iud.ufha ioaO¾ur;akdj,sh
^1985" 1986& wdÈ úpdrd;aul ixialrK
i|yka l< yelsh'
87
lryïmsáf.dv iqukidr ysñhkaf.a
lõis¿ñK ixialrKfhys mdGdka;ro tajd
wh;a msgm;ao olajd we;s kuqÿ t;=uka uqøs;
ixialrKj,g wu;rj wdY%h lr we;af;a
tla mqiafld< w;a msgm;la iy wiïmQ¾K
;j;a msgm;lao muKls' Wkajykafiag
fndfyda mqif
a ld< w;amg s m;a ,nd .; yelsj
;sìh§ tla msgm;la muKla Ndú; lsÍu
wNd.Hhls' mqÿuhlg fuka" fï iSudlrKh
;s ì h§;a w;a m s g m;a j , iïnka O hls k a
f;drj fmf<ys fjkia l ï lrka k go
Wkajykafia ksoyi ,nd f.k we;' úuid
ne,Su fyda ii|d ne,Su fyda i|yd uqøs;
msgm;a ljr W.f;l=g jqjo ,nd.; yels
ksid tajdfha mdGdka;r i|yka lrkakg
ld,h f.ùu ksIaM, l%shdjls'
lõis¿ñK ixialdrljreka lsysm
fofkl=f.a wjOdkhg md;% ù we;s ksid"
tla tla ixialrKfhys tk mßÈ" tys tla
.Shla ii|d ne,Su jeo.;a fõ' uq,a .Sh
.;a l," l=udr;=x. uy;d yer wfkla
ish¨ ixialdrlhka tys mdGdka;r olajd
we;' wmf.a úu¾Ykh i|yd .Shg wod<
mdGdka;r .Shg miqj ta iuÕu olajkq
,efí'
^i& uvq.,af,a isoaOd¾: ^1889&
ieliQ fm<(
;ud jroi fkd Èia - fka furud fodia
Èiafka
kqjka neyer kyu;a - ;ud uq;a fkdolafka
lsï*
mdGdka;r(
*kqjka neyer ;ud uq;a ú;dr; fkdolafka
lsï" hs iuyr'
^ii& l=udr;=x. uqksodi ^1943&
ieliQ fm<(
;ud jroi fkd - furud fodia ue Èiafka
kqjka neye/ kyud - ;ud ue fkdolafka
lsu@**
** mdGdka;r fkdue;'
^iii& je,súáfha fidar; kdysñ ^1946&
ieliQ fm<(
;ud jroi fkd-Èiafka fodia ue furud1
kqj;a neye/ ;ud uq;a - kyu; fkdolafka2
lsï@
**mdGdka;r(
^1& 1' Èia fka furud fodia Èiafka 2' Èiafka
furud nr ;ud uq;a k' ;ud uq;a ú;dr;
fkd
^uQ,dY%h olajd ke;'&
^iv& tï' î' wdßhmd, ^1956&
ieliQ fm<(
;ud jroi fkdÈiafka furud fodia Èiafka1
kqjka neyer2 kyu;a ;ud uq;a fkdolafka
lsï3
mdGdka;r(
1' fodia Èiafka - ABCMTPWSR 2' nr - L(
ner - X
3' kqjka neyer ;ud uq;a ;ud fkdolafka
lsï -- RVSTBL¦ kqjka neyer ;ud uq;a
ú;dr fkdolafka lsï- TP
^v& lr.ïmsáf.dv iqukidr ia:úr ^1983&
ieliQ fm<(
furud fodia Èiafk - ;ud jroi fkdÈiafk1
kqjka neye/2 ;ud uq;a - kyu;4 fkdolafka
lsï
mdGdka;r(
1' ;ud jroi fkd Èiafka - furud fodia
Èiafka - uvq' wdß'¦ ;ud jroi fkd-Èiafka
fodia ue furud - je,s¦ ;ud jroi f;d
furud fodia ue Èiafka - l=udr'
2' neyer - uvq'" wdß' 3' kyu;a - uvq'" wdß'¦
88
kyud- l=udr' 4' ;ud uq;a - uvq'" wdß'¦ ;ud
ue- l=udr'
wxl ^i& yd wxl ^iv& ixialrKhkays
oelafjk fm< fndfyda ÿrg tl iudkh'
fjki jkqfha mdo fnod we;s wdldrfhysh'
fiiq ixialrKj, olakd ,efnk
wiudk;d wkqj yefÕkqfha w;a msgm;a
flfrys t;rï úYa j dihls k a f;drj
ixialdrlhkaf.a wNsu;h wkqj fmf<ys
fjkialï isÿ lr we;s njhs' moH mdG
ks Y a p h lr .eka f uys § o" is o a O d¾: ys ñ
yd tï' î' wdßhmd, fofokdu mqrdK
ika k fhys fm< Ndú; lr we;s nj
fmfkkakg ;sfí'
fuys ,d udf.a m% h ;a k h jQ f ha
isxy, .%ka: ixialrKfhys l%ufõoh yd
b;sydih ms<sn|j idudkH iólaIKhla
ls Í ug muKls ' tfyhs k a " is h ¨ .% k a :
ixialdrlhka fyda .%ka: ms<sn| úia;r
oelaùu wmf.a woyila fkdùh' lsisu
isxy, úoajf;l= úksYaphg ,la lsÍu fyda
.=Kfodia úNd. lsÍu udf.a wNsm%dhh jQfha
fkdfõ' udf.a jEhu jQ f ha " l% u fõoh"
mdKaä;Hh iu. tla fkdjqj fyd;a ;kslr
l%ufõofhka muKla m,la fkdjk nj
wjOdrKh l< hq;= jqjo" ksjerÈ l%ufõoh
wkq.ukh lsÍu .%ka: ixialdrlfhl=f.a
j.lSu nj wjOdrKh lsÍuhs'
uydpd¾h ta'ù' iqrùr
f,aLk iólaId ( kj wdf,dal Odrd
2011" fld<U" i§md m%ldYlfhda
lD;sfhka Wmqgd .eksKs'
 w;a msgm;aj, mefkk
f,aLl fodaI yd
uQ,mdG ixialrKfha §
mdGdka;r oelaùfï jeo.;alu
§ ¾> ld,hla w;a msgm;a jifhka mej;
wd mer‚ idys;H lD;s uqøKfhka m<
lsÍu wdrïN jkqfha 1850 oYlfha § njg
idOl yuq fjhs' fÊïia o w,aúia úiska
1851 § A Survey of Sinhalese Literature
lD;sfhys iso;a iÕrd fm< yd ;j;a mer‚
isxy, idys;H lD;sj,ska Wmqgd .;a fldgia
m< lrkq ,eîu fuys wdÈ u wjia:dj fia
ie,lsh yels h' tys ,d w,aúiaf.a m%h;akh
ù we;a f ;a is x y, NdIdj yd idys ; Hh
iïnkaO wOHhkh i|yd wjYH kso¾Yk
w;a msgm;a weiqfrka jd¾;d fldg ;eîu
hs' w,aúia úiska iso;a iÕrd fm< Sidath
sangarawa: A Grammar of the Singhalese
Language lD;sfhys Wm.%ka:hla jifhka
m< fldg we;' moH fldgia mdo jifhka
fjka fldg olajd fkd ;sîu;a" úrdu
,laIK jifhka l=Kav,S ixfla;h fhdod
;sîu;a flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrk l,
th mqifa ld< msgmf;ys mekqKq wdldrfhka
u m< fldg we;ehs ks.ukh l< yels h'
tfia o jqj" ;uka úiska uy;a fjfyila yd
úhmeyeoula ord" tl, isá olaI mçjreka
fom<lf.a iydh o ,nd .ksñka" wjHla;
msgm;alrejka w;ska m;a j ;snQ ÿrjfndaO yd
idjoH ;;a;ajfhka th uqod .;a nj w,aúia
mjid ;sfí ^1852:ccixxvii&' w,aúiaf.ka
wdrïN j mer‚ idys;H lD;s m< l< ;j;a
W.;=ka fkdfhla wjia:djkays fujeks
89
foda I ms < s n | j i|yka fldg ;s f nkq
oel .; yels h' j¾I 1859 § je,slv Ô'
l=f¾ úiska uqøKh fldg m< lrk ,o
ldjHfilfr .egmo ikkh iys; .=;;sf,
.egmo ikkh;a h hk .% k a : h is x y,
Ñrka;k idys;H lD;s uqøKfhys wdÈ u
wjia:dj ksfhdackh lrkakla fia ie,lsh
yels h' fï lD;s fol ixialrKh lrk
,oafoa ljqreka úiska o hk j. fy<s fkd
fj;;a ixialdrljrhd ;ukag yuq jQ w;a
msgm;a iïnkaOfhka olajk woyia fuys §
wmg m%fhdackj;a fjhs(
zz''' mq r dK mgka w;s k a w;g
,s h d .ekS f uka ie§ ;s f nk jro
kekmukska iqoaO fldg ''' wÉpq .iajd
m%isoaO lrKaKg fhÿfkñ' ^sic&ZZ
1885 § O¾um%§msldj zixfYdaOkhZ
fldg m< l< r;au,dfKa O¾udf,dal
ysñhkaf.a jpk fufia h(
zz''' §¾> ld,fhla y s cks ;
kdkdúO fodaIfhka yd fkdyefÕk
;kays wjHla; mKaä;udkSka úiska
ny,k ,oehs jegfyk úIu mdGfhkao
ixlS¾K úhZZ'
O¾udf,dal ysñhkag wdKavqj úiska
O¾um%§msldj Ndr fok ,oafoa zz,smsfodaI
yer Y=oaO lrKq ^sic& ms‚iZZ nj o tys
oelafõ ^ii&'
 zzfï rejkau,a ks>Kagqj
fndfyda ld,hl mgka w;sk; ,shd
.eŒfuka ^sic& b;d wdl=, jHdl=,
mej;d fmd;la neúka tljr Y=oaO
lsÍu;a b;d ÿIalr jevlsZZ
hkq 1914 § rejkau,a ks>Kagqj zzY=oaO
lrZZ m< l< ã' mS' o w,aúia úfÊfialrf.a
jpk hs ^vi&'
fï jQ l,s tl=kaúis jk ishjfia
uOH Nd.fha muK isg isxy, uqøK Ys,amh
m%p,s; ùu;a iuÕ tf;la w;a msgm;a
jifhka mej;s .% k a : fuka u w,s Å ;
iïm%odhdkql+, j mj;ajd f.k wd lD;s o
uq ø Koa j drfhka m% l dYhg m;a ls Í fï
m%h;ak nj fmfka' fndfyda úg fïjdfha
zixialdrlZ uqøKlrejd$m%ldYlhd u jQ
w;r Tyqf.a ld¾hh ;u wNsu;h fyda
±kqu fyda wkqj wlaIr úkHdih" jdlH
fhdackh fukau woyia o ixfYdaOkh
fldg m< lsÍu úh' we;eï wjia:djl
uqøKlrejd$m%ldYlhd iuld,Sk m%isoaO
h;sjrhl= ,jd wod< lD;sh zzY=oaO lr
.;aZZ nj lshd ;sîfuka ;yjqre jkafka
lD;sfhys úYajikSh;ajh wdrlaId lsÍug
jvd mdGlhd wdl¾IKh jk wdldrfhka
fm< ilia lsÍu wruqKq fldg .ekqKq
nj hs'
by;ska olAjk ,o zixfYdaOkZ ke;
fyd;a zY= o a ê Z wod< lD;s f hys tla w;a
msgm;la muKla mÍlaId lrñka lrk
,o tajd nj fmfka' tfyhska tajdfhys
i|yka flreKq zfodaIZ tla w;a msgm;lg
muKla iSud jQ tajd fia flkl=g yeÕS hd
yels h' tfy;a 19 jk ishjfia wjidk
Nd.fhys u tla lD;shlska w;a msgm;a
lSmhla imhd .ksñka fm< ilia fldg
m< lsÍfï ud¾.hla o wdrïN ù ;sì‚'
90
tn÷ wjia:dj, § o zixialdrljrhdZf.a
ld¾hh ù we;af;a ;uka bÈßfhys we;s
w;a msgm;aj, mefkk mdG iuld,Sk
jHjydrhg wkql+, jk mßÈ ixfYdaOkh
lsÍu hs' we;eï ixialdrljreka lD;sfha
NdId ú,dih muKla fkd j wka;¾.;h
mjd w;a;fkdau;sl f,i ilia l< nj
oel .; yels h' rdcdj,sh ixialrKh
lrñka î' .=Kfialr ^1899& yd j;=j;af;a
fmaudkkao ysñ ^1923& isÿ fldg we;af;a
fujeks ld¾hhls ^iqrùr 2011( 205&' 1949
§ lõ is ¿ ñKg zúfYa I Y= o a ê hla Z l<
je,súáfha fidar; ysñfhda tys ,d mer‚
msgm;a wgla mßYS,kh l< njla olaj;s'
zz,s h ka k ka úis k a jrojk ,o" mer‚
ikakldrhka úiska tfia u ms<sf.K ^sic&"
jrojd w¾: lS ;eka fndfyda .Kkla wms
ilia flf<uqZZ hs Wka jykafia mjid we;
^^1949& 1966( xvi&'
fï zixialdrljrekaZ mqrd;k idys;H
lD;s ixialrKfha § wkq.ukh l< ukd
Ydia;% iïu;hkag uq¿ukska u tlÕ j
lghq;= l< njla fkd fmfkkqfha w;a
ms g m;a mokï fldg .ekS u ls k a f;dr
j yd w;a ms g m;a j ,g tlÕ fkd ù
zY=oaO mdGZ bÈßm;a fldg we;s neúks'
w;a ms g m;a flfrys úYa j dih ;nñka "
jvd;a fhda.H w;a msgm; y÷kd .ksñka
fm< m%;sks¾udKhg mshjr .;a úoaj;=ka
jifhka ví,shq' we*a' .=Kj¾Ok yd ã' î'
ch;s,l fom<g;a rUqlaje,af,a isoaOd¾:
ysñhkag;a Ydia;%{hkaf.a f.!rjh ysñ ù
;sfí' tfy;a fï mçjreka o iqmdGh i|yd
fhduq jQ w;a msgm; kï lsÍug Wkkaÿ ù
ke;s nj fuka u mdGdka;r jd¾;d lsÍfï
§ wod< w;a msgm; l=ula o hkak olajd
,Sfï wjYH;dj meyer yer we;s nj;a lsj
hq;= h' uvq.,af,a ysñhka Èjhsfka úúO
m<d;aj,ska w;a msgm;a 13la imhd f.k
tajd tlsflk ixikaokh l< nj olajd
we;' .=Kj¾Ok mçjrhd o w;a msgm;a 12la
yd uqøs; msgm;a ;=kla o ixikaokh fldg
fhda.H yd úYAjikSh msgm; f;dard .ekSug
W;aidy l< wdldrh fuka u mßYS,kh
lrk ,o w;a msgm;a flfrys fhduq fjñka
iqmdGh f;dard .;a wdldrh o fmkajd fohs
^1907(xxxii-xxxiii&'
f;dard .;a w;a msgm;a fjka fjka j
úia;r lrñka tla tla msgmf;ys mefkk
úioDY mdG tajd olakg ,efnk msgm; o
olajñka jd¾;d lsÍu Ñrka;k idys;H
lD;s ixialrKh lsÍfï úêu;a YslaIK
ud¾.h hs' fï l%uh woH;k úoaj;=ka úiska
zúpdrd;aul ixialrKhZ ^critical editing&
hkq f jka y÷ka j kq ,efí'zúpdrd;a u l
ixialrKhZ úoaj;a YslaIK ud¾.hla fia
ie,flk w;r úYAj úoHd,hj, Wmdê
yd mYapdoa Wmdê ksnkaO jifhka mjd
úêu;a Ydia ; % S h ixia l rK ms < s . efkk
nj fuys ,d i|yka l< hq;= h' fï l%uh
wkq.ukh lrñka mer‚ idys;H lD;shla
uq,a jrg ixialrKh l< úoaj;d jifhka
udfndamsáfha fïOxlr ysñhka ie,lsh
yels nj;a 1932 § Wka jykafia úiska
m%ldYs; mQcdj,sh 34 mßÉfþoh i|yd
mqiafld< msgm;a 10la yd uqøs; lD;s ;=kla
mßYS,kh lrñka ish¨ mdGdka;r tajd
wh;a jk msgm; o olajñka jd¾;d fldg
we;s wdldrh;a fï iïnkaO wOHhkhl
fhfoñka ta' ù' iqrùr fmkajd fohs ^2011(
209--210&' uydjxih yd jxi;a:mamldisksh
ixia l rKfha § ú,a f y,a ï .hs . ¾ yd
.=Kmd, u,,fialr úoaj;=ka úiska o fï
Ydia;hS% ud¾.h wod< mßÈ wkq.ukh fldg
;sfí' ã' B' fyÜáwdrÉÑ mçjrhdf.a
fji;=re od ikafk ^1950& úpdrd;aul
91
ixialrK ud¾.h úêu;a j wkq.ukh
lrñka iïmdÈ; m<uq mYa p doa Wmdê
ksnkaOh fia ie,fla' flfia jqj o ;j
u;a fï úêu;a YslaIK ud¾.h wkqhñka
ixialrKhg ,la ù we;af;a iïNdjH
isxy, idys;H lD;s lsysmhla muKla nj
fmfka ^n,kak( iqrùr 2011( 210&'
by; olajk ,o lreKq wkqj meyeÈ,s
jkafka mer‚ idys;H lD;sj,ska b;sß ù
we;s w;a msgm;a ish,a, u mdfya fodaI iys;
njls' wjHla; msgm;alrejka" ke; fyd;a
wúh;a ,shkakka ksid jeo .ekqKq fodaI
ljf¾ o hkak;a ta fya;=fjka w;a msgm;la
ÿrjfnda O yd wjHla ; ;;a ; a j hg m;a
jkqfha flfia o hkak;a w;a msgm;aj,g
tjeks fodia jeo .ekSug fya;= ljf¾ o
hkak;a flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu
jeo.;a jkq we;'
,dxflah wOHdmk iïm%odh wdrïN
jkafka uyd úydrh úoHd mSGhl ;;a;j a hg
m;a ùfuka nj ie,lsh yels h' Ndr;Sh
wdNdih yd nqÿiufha m%Ndj ,nñka ilia
jqKq ,dxflah wOHdmk l%ufha wdrïNfhys
mgka u {dk ú;rKh is ÿ flrefKa
jdpkd ud¾.fhka nj fmfka' Èjhskg
úêu;a wdldrfhka nq ÿ iuh y÷ka j d §
ix> idikh ia : dmkh l< wjÈfhys
f,a L kh Èjhs k mq r d m% p ,s ; j mej;s
njg idOl yuq fj;;a ;%smsglh yd wÜG
l:d o ;okq n oa O wks l = ; a b.eka ù ï o
f,aLk.; lsÍug NslaIQka Wkkaÿ jQ njla
fkd fmfka' ;%smsglh .%ka:drEV lsÍu
isÿ jkafka iudcd¾Ól idOl fya;=fjka
we;s jqKq w¾nqohlg uqyqK mEu i|yd h'
Èjhsfka ksldh fNaofha wdrïNh o ;%smsgl
.% k a : drEV iuh yd iuld,S k neúka
uyd úydrhg tfrys jQ wkH ksldhhka
wdrïNfhys mgka u iajlSh b.ekaùï
.%ka:drEV lrkakg we;ehs ie,lSu wiSre
fkd fõ' O¾u .%ka: imhd .ekSu i|yd
úfoaYhkaf.ka meñ‚ NslaIQka iïnkaO
mqj;aj,ska ta nj ikd: fjhs' md,sfhka
wgqjd iïmdokh isÿ flrefKa o úfoaYsl
NslaIQkaf.a m%fhdackh i|yd nj meyeÈ,s h
^mrKú;dk 1969^w&&'
uyd úydrh fuka u wNh.sß yd
fÊ;jk ksldh o ;ukag iqúfYaI jQ oekqï
yd Ôjk jákdlï ms<sn| fmdfydi;a
iïm%odhla wdrlaId lr .ksñka mj;ajd
f.k wd .=rel=, njg m;a jQ nj fmfka'
f,aLk øjHhkays ysÕlu fya;=fjka uq,a
ld,fha oekqu iïfm%aIKh i|yd jdÑl
iïm%odh flfrys jeä wjOdkhla fhduq
lrkq ,enqj o m%n, jdÑl iïm%odhla we;s
.%ka: iïfma%IKfha § mjd jdÑl;ajh
m%udKj;a fkdjk nj;a Bg ,sÅ; .%k: a j,ska
wkqn, Èh hq;= nj;a wjfndaO lr f.k
we;s nj meyeÈ,s h' wÜG l:d jeks oaú;Shl
idys;Hhla ìys jkqfha tys m%;sM,hla
jifhks' rdc iNd lùka ms<sn| j jd¾;d
ùfuka fmkS hka f ka .% k a : ldrlhka
iïnkaOfhka iudcfhys hï ms<s.ekSula
mej;s njls' wNskj .%ka:hla rpkd lrk
,o wjia : djl ta iïnka O fhka rdcH
wkq.%yfhka isÿ flreKq we.hSula ms<sn|
mqj;la wmg uOHld,Sk wjÈfhka yuq
fjhs' ta mQcdj,sh iïnkaOfhks' fuh mQ¾j
pdß;%hla wkq.ukh l< wjia:djla o úh
yels h'
mj;akd .%ka:hl wka;¾.;h
uq ¿ uks k a u u;l ;nd .ks ñ ka Y% e ;s
mrïmrdfjka mj;ajd f.k hdu wiSre jQ
neúka tajd ,sÅ; j ixrlaIKh lsÍfï
wjYH;dj u;= jQfha h' .%ka: msgm;a fldg
wkd.; mrmqr i|yd ,nd §u flfrys o
wjOdkh fhduq jQ wjia:d lsysmhla jxi
92
l:dfjka fuka u wNsf,aLkj,ska o yuq
fjhs ' mq i a f ld< fmd;a j , ,s ù u i|yd
úfYaI m%d.=KHfhka hqla; msßila jQ nj o
Tjqkag ta fjkqfjka jegqma" §ukd" .ïjr
wdÈh msßkeuqKq nj o tajdhska fmkS hhs'
fï wkaoñka fmd;a msgm;a lsÍu isÿ jQfha
wruqKq lsysmhla fmroeß j h(
1& w k d . ; m r m q r i | y d { d k
ixrlaIKh'
2& ld,h;a iuÕ mqiafld< msgm;aj,
is ÿ úh yels fN!;s l ydks yd
ridhks l ydks fuka u i;= k a
uÕska yd laIqø Ôù l%shdldß;ajh
fya;=fjka isÿ jk ydks ksid we;s
jk mdvqj mshjd .ekSu i|yd msgm;a
ksIamdokh lsÍu'
3& mer‚ wla I r rEm Ndú;fhka
wE;a ù kj wla I r rEm m% p ,s ;
ùu fya;=fjka mer‚ w;a msgm;a
ÿrjfnda O ;;a ; a j hg m;a ùu
fya ; = f jka w¨;s k a ms g m;a ls Í u
wjYH ùu'
4& fjk;a ia : dkj, fjfik úIh
úfYaI{hkag fuka u mdGl$Y%djl
ckhdg o m%fõYh ,nd §u'
mq¾;=.SiSkaf.a wdl%uK fya;=fjka
Èjhsfka wOHdmkh yd ;okqnoaO Ydia;%
ixrlaIK m%j¾Ok lghq;= ì| jegqKq nj;a
je,súg irKxlr ysñhka úiska iÕ iiqk
kej; msysgqjd ,Sfuka wk;=re j w¨;ska
fmd;m; ,sùu fuka u mer‚ fmd;a msgm;a
lrùu iïnkaOfhka o kj m%fndaOhla we;s jQ
nj;a oel .; yels h' Èjhsfka úydria:
mqia;ld,hkays ;ekam;a fldg we;s yd
mqo.
a ,hka i;= j mj;akd w;a msgm;a fuka u
hg;a ú ð; md,k iufhys Èjhs f kka
/f.k f.dia wka;¾cd;sl mqia;ld,hkays
;ekam;a fldg we;s w;a msgm;a o jeä
m%udKhla irKxlr ysñhkaf.a Ydik
m%;sIaGd ld¾hdj,sfhka wk;=re j msgm;a
flreKq tajd nj fmkS hhs' tfuka u
fld<U lgqf.hs mqia;ld,h msysgqùfï §
tys ;ekam;a lsÍu i|yd wjYH mqiafld<
fmd;a w¨;ska msgm;a lrjd .ekqKq nj
jd¾;d fjhs'
hdka;l
s% m%;k
s I
s m
a dok l%u fkd mej;s
neúka w;a msgm;a w;ska msgm;a lr .ekSu
yer fjk;a úl,amhla fkd jQ nj;a fï
msgm;a lsÍï i|yd fhdod .kakd ,oafoa
úIh m%ùK;ajh yd NdId m%ùK;ajh fkd j
meyeÈ,s j wl=re ,súh yels ùu muKla
nj;a fmfka' by;ska fmkajd fok ,o mßÈ
fï w;a msgm;aj, oelsh yels wvqmdvqj,g
yd W!k;dj,g fya;= ù we;af;a o m%Odk
jifhka msgm;alrejkaf.a úIh{dk yd
NdId{dk W!k;d nj fmkajd Èh yels h'
uQ,mdG ixialrKh úêu;a YslaIK ud¾.
hla f,i m%p,s; ùu;a iuÕ w;a msgm;aj,
mefkk f,aLl fodaI$f,aLk fodaI y÷kd
.ekSu flfrys o wjOdkh fhduq jQfha h'
uq,a l¾;Df.a fm< yd m%;sksIamdokh lrk
,o fm< w;r oelsh yels hï fjkila
f,aLl fodaIhla$f,aLk fodaIhla f,i
ye¢kafõ' my; oelafjkqfha tfia y÷kd
.efkk f,a L l foda I $f,a L k foda I
lsysmhls(Katre, 1941)(
1' w;miq ùu fyj;a w; yeÍ hdu(
ms g m;a ls Í fï l% s h dj,s f ha § hï
wl=rla fyda ms,a,la fyda jpkhla fyda
fþohla fyda fjk hï ixfla;hla fyda
msgm;a fkd lr ;sîu' fuh idudkHfhka
fkdoekqj;a j isÿ jk w;r wjOdkh wvq
ùu yd udkisl úvdj fya;=fjka o isÿ úh
yels h' we;eï wjia:djl §" fõ.fhka
93
,sùu ksid o wlaIr" ms,s fyda mo uÕ yeÍ
hd yels h' iudk wdrïNhla we;s jpk
fyda jdlH LKav fyda fya;=fjka weig isÿ
jk uÕ yeÍu o ^homeoarchy& fï hgf;a
ie,lsh yels h'
2' tl;= lsÍu(
msgm;a lrkakd úiska jdlH
LKavhlg kj jpkhla fyda fþohla
fyda we;=<;a lsÍu' fuh ys;du;d fyda
wyUq f,i fyda úh yelsh' mKaä;udkS
msgm;alrejka ys;du;d isÿ lrk tl;=
lsÍï i|yd j.lsj hq;= h' w;a jer§ulska
uq¿ fma<h
s la fyda fþohla fyda fkd oekqj;a
j tl;= lsÍula isÿ úh yels h' tl;= lsÍï
j¾. ;=kla y÷kd .; yels fjhs(
dittography - f o j r l a , s h ù u ¦
contamination ^ñY% ùu$ l,jï ùu& -
msgqfõ fjk;a ;eklska fldgila we;=<;a
ùu¦ insertion ^we;=<;a lsÍu& - fodaI iys;
fm<la hehs Tjqka úYajdi l< foa jeä
ÈhqKq lsÍug msgm;alrejkaa W;aidy lsÍu
^rdcdj,S w;a msgm;aj, oelsh yels fujeks
wjia:d i|yd iqrùr 2011( 190--192 n,kak&'
Nla;sjka; msgm;alrejl= zkfuda nqoaOdhZ"
ziajia;sZ" zY%SZ jeks jeks Nla;s joka msgqjl
fyda mßÉfþohl fyda wdrïNhg uq,ska tla
lr ;sîu o fï hgf;a oelaúh yels h'
3' wdfoaYkh(
wdfoaY lsÍu hkq jpkhla fjkqjg
fjk;a jpkhla fh§u hs' th ys;du;d
^fÉ;kdkaú; wdfoaYkh& fuka u wkNsfm%; a
j isÿ úh yels h' fÉ;kdkaú; wdfoaYkh
is ÿ jka f ka ms g m;a l rejdg úIh ms < s n |
hï oekqula we;s úg h' msgm;alrejl=g
;ud msgm;a l< hq;= jdlH LKavh lshjQ
fyda weiqKq fyda fudfydf;a isg ,shd
wjika lrk wjia:dj jk úg th Tyqf.a
u;lfhys § úlD; ùug bv ;sfí' túg
isÿ úh yels tla fohla jkafka msgm;a
l< hq;= jpkh fjkqjg Bg iudk fjk;a
jpkhla ,sùu hs' iuyr úg" fujeks
wjia:djl §" msgm;alrejd uq,a lD;sfhys
jQ ksjerÈ mdGfhys w¾:hg jvd Tyq ,shk
fofhys w¾:h ms<sn| jeä wjfndaOhlska
hq;= j lghq;= lrkq úh yels h' we;eï úg"
msgm;a lsÍug wjYH jdlH LKavhla fyda
jdlHhla fyda jpk lsysmhla fyda fjkqjg
thg ;rula ÿrg iudk fjk;aa yqremqreÿ
jdlH LKavhla fyda jdlHhla fyda jpk
lSmhla fyda fyda ,sùu msgm;alrejd w;ska
isÿ úh yels h' msgm;a lsÍfï § fyda
weiSfï § È.= jdlHh u;l ;nd .ekSug
msgm;alrejd wiu;a jQ úg o wkNsfm%a;
wdfoaYkhla isÿ úh yels h'
4' ;eka udre lsÍu(
jdlHhl jpk iuQyfha idfmalaI
wkqms<sfj< fyj;a modkql%uh fjkia
ùu fuhska woyia flf¾' idudkHfhka"
wdikak j fhfok jpk ;eka udre fldg
msgm;a lsÍu fuys ,d ksÍlaIKh l< yels h'
fuh o f,aLl$ f,aLk fodaIhla jqj o
ixialD; jeks we;eï NdIdjkays jdlHfha
w¾:h modkql%uh u; fkd r|k neúka
modkql%uh fjkia ùu fya;=fjka w¾:fhys
fjkila isÿ fkd jqj o Pkaoia fodaIhlg
fya;= fjhs'
f,aLk$ f,aLl fodaI i|yd fya;=(
f,aLk$f,aLl fodaIhla fÉ;kdkaú;
j fyda wkNsfm%a; j fyda isÿ úh yels h'
mKa ä ;udkS ms g m;a l rejl= uu;a u h
fya;=fjka uq,a l¾;Df.a wka;¾.;h fyda
ffY,sh fyda fjkia lsÍug fm,fUkq úh
yels h' we;eï wjia:djl" msgm;alrejdf.a
94
m%h;akh fya;=fjka jvd;a id¾:l kjH
ks ¾ udKhla ìys ùug bv we;;a uq , a
l;=jrhdf.a Ñka;k yd Ndjuh l%shdj,shg
mdGlhdg iïnkaO ùug fkd yels jkq
we;' úúO fya;= ksid wkNsfm%a; f,aLk
fodaI isÿ úh yels h' úfYaI wlaIr rEm
ms<sn| wkjfndaOh bka m%Odk fjhs ^iqrùr
2011( 189&' msgm;alrejdf.a oDYHdndO fyda
Y%jKdndO" fyda ta flfrys n, mdk nj
fmkajd Èh yels h' msgm;alrejdf.a fiajh
,nd .kafka n,y;aldrfhka kï th o
msgm;a lsÍfï ld¾hhg we;s oeä Wkkaÿj
fuka u msgm;a lsÍu kSri yd fjfyilr
ld¾hhla ùu fuka u È.= fõ,djla msgm;a
lsÍfuys ksr; ùug isÿ ùu;a fodaI we;s
ùug fya;= jk nj ie,lsh yels h'
ks.ukh(
w;a msgm;a mokï fldg .ksñka
Ñrka;k idys;H lD;shl fm<
m% ; s k s ¾ udKh ls Í fï § w;a ms g m;a j ,
oelsh yels f,aLk$f,aLl fodaI flfrys
wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu w;HjYH nj fuhska
meyeÈ,s jkq we;' wo w;a msgm;a jifhka
yuq jk Ñrka;k isxy, idys;H lD;s rpkd
ù we;af;a isxy, NdIdfõ úldikfhys mQ¾j
wjêj, neúka tajdfhys NdId ,laIKhkays
úfYaI;d yd f,aLk $f,aLl fodaI ksYAph
fldg .ekSu w;HjYH fjhs' Ñrka;k
isxy, idys;H lD;s uqøKfhka m< lsÍu
wdrïN l< wjÈfha § ;;a ld¾hfhys
ksr; jQ úoaj;=ka jeä fokd iajlSh iïu;
jHjydrhg wkql+, fkd jk fhÿï yd
m%fhda. wdÈh;a f,aLk$f,aLl fodaI fia
i,ld ixfYda O khg ,la l< wdldrh
by; fmkajd fok ,È' iïNdjH .%ka:
ixialrKh úêu;a YslaIK ud¾.hla fia
ms<s.efkk woH;k Ydia;%Sh ikao¾Nfhys
,d iuld,Sk jHjydrhg wkq.; fkd jk
ish,a, fodaI fia i,lkq fkd ,efí' úúO
w;a msgm;aj, mefkk úioDY mdG w;=frka
iqmdGh f;dard .ekSfï § jHdlrKdkql+,
yd Í;s ,laIK fuka u ta ta f,aLlhdf.a
rpkd ú,dih iïnkaOfhka o wjOdkh
fhduq l< ukd h' we;eï úgl iqmdGh
msgm;a jeä .Kkl mefkk fhÿu fkd j
tla msgm;l muKla yuq jk fhÿula úh
yels h' tneúka úêu;a Ydia;%Sh YslaIK
ud¾.h wkq.ukh lrk ixialdrljrhdf.a
j.lSu jkafka w;a msgm;aj,g muKla
mokï fjñka mdG f;dard .ekSu;a iqmdGh
jifhka ksYaph fldg .efkk fhÿug
wu;r j olakg ,efnk fhÿï ish,a,
tajd yuq jk ia:dkh ksjerÈ j olajñka
mdGdka;r jifhka wfOda,sms ud¾.fhka
oelaùu;a h' iïNdjH .%ka: ixialrKfha §
jd¾;d flfrk mdGdka ; r m% d :ñl
uQ,dY%hhla fuka u iïm%ckH mdGlhkag
fuka u úoa j ;= k a g m% f hda c kj;a jk
úpdrdOHhk idOl ^critical apparatus& f,i o
ie,flhs ' WfoHda . s Ydia ; % j ka ; hl= g
tuÕska iajlSh jQ fm<la f.dv kÕd .;
yels fjhs' th id¾:l j lr .; yels
jkqfha ixialdrljrhd ish¨ u iajdëk
w;amsgm;aj, yuq jk mdGdka;r m%fNao
úYajikSh wdldrfhka jd¾;d.; fldg
we;a kï mu‚' wfußldkq iïm%odhh
wkqj mdGdka;r .%ka:djidkfhys jd¾;d
fldg ;efí' íß;dkah iïm%odhh wkqj
ieu ms g q j l u wfOda , s m s . ; flfrk
mdGdka;r mdofuys ;ekam;a fldg we;s
mqrdúoHd;aul ia;r fuka Èia jk nj
Tlai*a ¾â úYAjúoHd,fha uydpd¾h le;aßka
io¾,kaâ i|yka lrhs ^2013(46&'
95
wdY%s; .%ka: yd f,aLk(
l=f¾" Ô' ^1859&' ldjHfilfr .egmo ikkh iys;
.=;;sf, .egmo ikkh;ah' je,slv" Ô' l=f¾'
fidar; ysñ" je,súáfha'^ixia'&' ^1949&' lõis¿ñK(
l,am,;d jHdLHd iys;' je,súáfha fidar; ysñ
^ixia'&"^1949&" ;D;Sh uqøKh" 1966" .,alsiai" wNh
m%ldYlfhda'
.=Kj¾Ok" ví,shQ' wefma' ^1907&' .=;;s, ldjH'
fld<U' weka' fÊ' l=f¾'
Ou–udf,dal ia:úr" r;au,dfka' iy Ou–udrdu
ia j dóka jyka f ia " ;pýYH ^ixia ' &' ^1986&' Ou–
um%§msldj' Colombo, Government Printer, Ceylon .
mrKú;dk" fikr;a' ^1969&' zzuyd úydrh iy
fjk;a mer‚ úoHd mSGZZ" ,xldfõ wOHdmkh( ishji
m%ldYkh' fld<U" wOHdmk yd ixialD;sl^sic&
wud;HdxYh' 49--56 msgq'
^1969&' ^wd&' zzisxy, idys;Hh flfrys
md,s" ixialD; NdId idys;Hfha n,mEuZZ" ,xldfõ
wOHdmkh( ishji m%ldYkh' fld<U" wOHdmk yd
idxialD;sl^sic& wud;HdxYh' 159--168 msgq'
úfÊfialr" ä' mS' o w,aúia' ^ixia'& ^1886&' rejkau,a
ks>Kagqj fyj;a kdur;k ud,dj' fld<U" weka'
fca' l=f¾'
iqrùr" ta' ù' ^2011&' f,aLk iólaId( kj wdf,dal
Odrd' fld<U" iSudiys; i§md m%ldYlfhda'
De Alwis, James. (1852). Sidath sangarawa: A
Grammar of the Singhalese Language. Colombo,
Government Printer, Ceylon.
Katre, S. M. (1941). Introduction to Indian Textual
Criticism. Karnatak Publishing House, Bombay.
Sutherland, Kathryn. (2013). "Anglo-American
editorial theory", in Cambridge companion to textual
scholarship, ed. Neil Fraistat and Julia Flanders,
Cambridge Univesity Press, pp. 42-60.
uydpd¾h r;akisß wrx.,
Y%S chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,h
cd;sl mqia;ld, m%ldYk wdOdr jHdmD;sh
wU ynhla
l¾;D ( jika;d fla' ñys÷l=,iQßh
m%ldYl ( KBOOKS m%ldYlfhda
ñ, ( re' 350
msgq ( 24

le<Ejl Ôj;a jQ f,afkla iy .srfjla wUhla fnod .ekSu i|yd onr

fj;s' wjidkfha .Õg jefgk f,akd .srjqka úiska fírd.kq ,efí'
bka miq Tjqyq ñ;=re fj;s' fuu lD;sh cd;sl mqia;ld, yd m%f,aLk
fiajd uKav,fha m%ldYk wdOdr jHdmD;sh hgf;a m%ldYs; hs'

ùÈfha lsú¢h
l¾;D ( mqIamd Ys%hka;s m%kdkaÿ
m%ldYl ( f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda
ñ, ( re' 450
msgq ( 176
ld,Sk iudcfha isÿjk wNsfhda. yuqfõ Ôú;hg uqyqK fok
ldka;djlf.a wkqfõokSh l;d mqj;la fuu lD;sfhys wka;¾.; fõ'
fuu lD;sh cd;sl mqia;ld, yd m%f,aLk fiajd uKav,fha m%ldYk
wdOdr jHdmD;sh hgf;a m%ldYs; hs'

wdorŒh ksõfhda¾la
l¾;D ( Yud,a o is,ajd
m%ldYl ( iriú m%ldYlfhda
ñ, ( re' 550
msgq ( 295
fuu lD;sh u`.ska Okj;a ùu- yß yïn lr .ekSu" Ôú;hl i;=g
iekiqu wdY%h lr .;a Ôú; újrKhla bÈßm;a lf¾' pß; ksrEmKfha
§ o jD;a;dka;h È. yeÍfï § o l;=jrhd bjy,a lrf.k ;sfnkafka
ngysr kjl;dj, úoHudk ixjdo Í;sh hs' ta fya;=fjka lshùfï
reÑh;a" mdGlhd w;aoelSu iu`. iy iïnkaO ùu;a ksre;aidyl j
isÿjkafkah' fuu lD;sh cd;sl mqia;ld, yd m%f,aLk fiajd uKav,fha
m%ldYk wdOdr jHdmD;sh hgf;a m%ldYs; hs'

96
fmd;l j;

<ud p¾hd iy rEmjdyskS ldgQka

l¾;D ( ud,skS hdmd
m%ldYl ( f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda
ñ, ( re' 350
msgq ( 128

fuu lD;sh u`.ska <ud mrmqr fj; rEmjdyskS ldgQkaj, n,mEu

idlÉPdjg Ndckh flfrk w;r ufkdaúoHd;aul" ikaksfõokd;aul
yd oDIaájd§ me;slv iïnkaO j o wjOdkh fhduq lr we;' fuu lD;sh
cd;sl mqia;ld, yd m%f,aLk fiajd uKav,fha m%ldYk wdOdr jHmD;sh
hgf;a m%ldYs; hs'

ks¾.dó
l¾;D ( iqÔj l=udr fldaú,;ekak
m%ldYl ( *diaÜ m%skagß mqoa' iud.u
ñ, ( re' 800
msgq ( 574

l;=jrhdf.a ;=kajk kjl;dj jk fuu lD;sh furg b;sydi l;dfõ

iqúfYaI ikaêia:dkhla igyka l< W!j fj,a,iai igk miqìï lr
.ksñka ,shejqKq zjE lvjrz lD;sfha È.=jla f,i t<solajd ;sfí'

ishhla fudñð m;a

l¾;D ( kkaok ùrisxy
m%ldYl ( jdmd hqksj¾isá mafria
ñ, ( re' 350
msgq ( 138

yhsl= ldjH my< ùug jir oyilg muK fmr tkï" ijeks ishjfia
w.Nd.fha isg ody;r jeks ishji f;la cmdkfha m%p,s; j meje;s
ldjH ú,dih zjldZ fyj;a z;kaldZ ldjH iïm%odh hs' yhsl= ldjH
furg lú ri ú¢kakka w;r buy;a ckms%h ldjH ú,dihls' tfy;a jld
ldjH Í;sh hkq l=ula oehs ksYaÑ; wjfndaOhla isxy, ldjH riú¢k
iyDohdg fkdue;' iïudkkSh lsújr kkaok ùrisxy lúhdf.a ldjH
mßj¾;k odhdohla f,iska zishhla fudñð m;aZ kñka iïNdjH jld
ldjH ishhla riú£fï wjia:dj Wodù we;'

97
98