Sushila Devi Bansal College of Technology, Indore

Department of Electronics & Communication Basic Electrical & Electronics

Engineering Engineering
(BT-104)
Experiment no.09
Date of Performance Date of Submission Grade obtained
Student’s Name Enrollment No Signature of Faculty

Objective: Study of construction of DC Machine.

Apparatus required: Cut section of DC machine

Theory:
The dc generators and dc motors have the same general construction. In fact, when the machine
is being assembled, the workmen usually do not know whether it is a dc generator or motor. Any
dc generator can be run as a dc motor and vice-versa.
All dc machines have these principal components:
(i) Yoke
(ii) Stator
(iii) Field electromagnets
(iv) Rotor
(v) Armature
(vi) Armature winding
(vii) Commutator
(viii) Brushes

Fig 1.1 Basic Parts of DC machine

BASIC ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

 Sushila Devi Bansal College of Technology, Indore
Department of Electronics & Communication Basic electrical & Electronics
Engineering Engineering
(BT-104)

Fig 1.2 Cut section of DC Machine

Yoke:
Yoke is a outer frame. It serves two purposes.
(i) It provides mechanical support for the poles and acts as a protecting cover for
the whole machine and
(ii) (ii) It carries the magnetic flux produced by the poles.
Stator:
The stator is the fixed part of the generator chat supplies the magnetic field in which the coils rotate.
It may consist of two permanent magnets with opposite poles facing and shaped to fit around the
rotor. Alternatively, the magnetic field may be provided by two electromagnets.
Field electromagnets:
Each electromagnet consists of a coil of many turns of copper wire wound on a soft iron core. The
electromagnets are wound, mounted and shaped in such a way that opposite poles face each other
and wrap around the rotor.
Rotor:
In its simplest form, the rotor consists of a single loop of wire made to rotate within a magnetic field.
In practice, the rotor usually consists of several coils of wire wound on an armature.
Armature:
The armature is a cylinder of laminated iron mounted on an axle. The axle is carried in bearings
mounted in the external structure of the generator. Torque is applied to the axle to make the rotor
spin.
Armature winding:
Each coil usually consists of many turns of copper wire wound on the armature. The two ends of
each coil are connected either to two slip rings (AC) or two opposite bars of a split-ring commutator
(DC).
Commutator:
A commutator is a mechanical rectifier which converts the alternating voltage generated in
BASIC ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
 Sushila Devi Bansal College of Technology, Indore
Department of Electronics & Communication Basic electrical & Electronics
Engineering Engineering
(BT-104)

the armature winding into direct voltage across the brushes.

 The commutator is made of copper segments insulated from each other by mica sheets and
mounted on the shaft of the machine. The armature conductors are soldered to the commutator
segments in a suitable manner to give rise to the armature winding.
 Depending upon the manner in which the armature conductors are connected to the commutator
segments, there are two types of armatures winding in a dc machine viz.,
(a) lap winding (b) wave winding.
Brushes:
The brushes are carbon blocks that maintain contact with the ends of the coils via the slip rings (AC)
or the split-ring commutator (DC), and conduct electric current from the coils to the external circuit.

Result: The study of construction of DC Machine explained.

Questions:
1. What is the difference between a DC Motor and a DC generator?
2. What is the function of a commutator?
3. What is the function of Brushes?
4. What is the application of DC Motor?
5. What is the application of DC Series motor, Shunt motor & compound motor?

BASIC ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

 Sushila Devi Bansal College of Technology, Indore
Department of Electronics & Communication Basic electrical & Electronics
Engineering Engineering
(BT-104)

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