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ART project - Nice

Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) (Manav Rachna University)

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INVESTIGATORY PROJECT ON
ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE
TECHNOLOGY

Submitted to :
Prof. Neeru Dehra

Submitted by:
Sunakshi Saggi
11 C

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INDEX

• INTRODUCTION
• TYPES OF ART
• IVF
• FET
• ICSI
• ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION
• SURROGACY
• CONCLUSION
• BIBLIOGRAPHY

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I, Sunakshi Saggi of 11-C would like to express my thanks to my

teacher Mrs. Neeru Dehra and principal Mrs. Mamta Wadhwa
for giving me a great opportunity to excel in my learning through
this project.

I have achieved a good amount of knowledge through the

research and the help I got from my Teacher Mrs. Neeru Dehra.

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INTRODUCTION

Assisted Reproductive Technology

(ART) include medical procedures used
primarily to address infertility. This
subject involves procedures such as in-
vitro fertilisation(IVF), intracytoplasmic
sperm injection (ICSI), crypto-
reservation of gametes or embryos,
and/or the use of fertility medication.
Some forms of ART may be used with
regard to fertile couples for genetic
purpose. According to CDC,
approximately 1.9 % of all U.S. infants
are born using ART. While the
technology is successful, it might be quite
expensive too.

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PREPARATION
Preparation for ART treatment includes
practising behaviours that may help improve
the chances of ART success. This can involve
dietary changes, such as taking supplements
that a healthcare professional recommends and
reducing alcohol and caffeine intake. It could
also involve regular exercise and quitting
smoking. Once ART is successful, prenatal
care and tests can keep the pregnant person
and baby healthy during pregnancy.

TYPES OF ART

There are several types of ART procedures that involve

different techniques and reproductive cells. A doctor can
advise ART depending on the suitable circumstances.

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1) IVF- IVF involves a doctor extracting eggs and

fertilizing them in a special lab. Then the fertilised egg
(embryo) or eggs( embryos) are transferred to uterus.
One full cycle of IVF takes about three weeks. It is the
most effective form of assisted reproductive technology.
It sometimes works on the first try, but many people need
more than 1 round of IVF to get pregnant. IVF definitely
increases your chances of pregnancy if you’re having
fertility problems but there is no guarantee.

WHAT’S THE IVF PROCESS ?

The first step in IVF is taking fertility medications for
several months to help your ovaries produce several eggs
that are mature and ready for fertilisation. This is called
ovulation induction. You may get regular ultrasounds to
check hormone levels and to keep a track. Then the
doctor removes eggs from the body known as egg
retrieval. The needle is connected to a suction device that
gently pulls the eggs out of each follicle. In the lab, egg
cells are mixed with sperm cells of your partner known as
insemination. The eggs and sperms are together stored in
a special container and fertilisation takes place. After
about 3-5 days, doctor slides a thin tube through your
cervix into your uterus, and inserts the embryo directly
into uterus through the tube. Pregnancy happens if any of
the embryos attach to the lining of your uterus.

SIDE EFFECTS OF IVF:-

1) bloating
2) cramping
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3) mood swings
4) breast tenderness
5) bleeding
6) infection

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2) FROZEN EMBRYO TRANSFER- A frozen embryo

transfer is a cycle in which the frozen embryos from a
previous fresh IVF or donor egg cycle are thawed and
then transferred back to women’s embryo. You may
choose to do an FET cycle following an unsuccessful fresh
IVF cycle, as your initial transfer after freezing all of your
embryos. The success rates of FET cycle are at least
comparable to fresh IVF cycles- and can result in higher
success rates. For patients undergoing the FET process,
the fees at the time of service approximately equals to
$1800. The overall procedure of IVF and frozen embryo
generally takes place for about six to eight weeks. A
frozen embryo transfer by itself requires about three
weeks.

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SIDE EFFECTS OF FROZEN EMBRYO TRANSFER:-

1) Light spotting or bleeding

2) Cramping and pelvic pain
3) Tender, sore breasts
4) Increased need to pee
5) Missed periods
6) Changes in vaginal discharge

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3) INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION(ICSI)- is

a procedure that specialists can perform alongside IVF to
help fertilize an egg. An embryologist uses a tiny needle to
inject a single sperm directly into the center of an egg.
ICSI fertilizes 50-80 % of eggs. The success date of ICSI is
similar to those of IVF, and it may be an effective method
of Assited reproductive technology for people but it is
more costly than IVF alone.

Problems that may occur during or after the ICSI process:-

✓ Some or all of the egg cells may be damaged.
✓ The egg might not grow into an embryo even after it is
injected with sperm.
✓ The embryo may stop growing.
The chance of birth defects associated with ICSI is similar
to IVF, but slightly higher than natural conception. The
slightly risk of higher birth defects is due to the infertility.

Risks associated with ICSI:-

1) Increased risk of miscarriage
2) Increased risk of behaviour or learning disabilities
3) Heart problems for affected infants that may require
surgery
4) Increased risk of infertility in your children during
adulthood.

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4) ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATIONS- It is the deliberate

introduction of sperm into the female’s uterus or cervix
for the purpose of achieving pregnancy through in- vivo
fertilisation by means other than sexual intercourse.

Types:-
• Intracervical insemination- It involves injection of
unwashed or raw semen into the cervix with needless
syringe. A vaginal speculum is used to hold open the
vagina so that cervix may be observed and then
syringe is inserted, the plunger is pushed forward and
semen is emptied into the vagina.

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• Intra- uterine insemination- The seminal vesicle is

prepared in the laboratory and injected into the
uterus after stimulating the ovary to produce more
eggs per cycle. Since insemination occurs during
ovulation, it takes approximately two weeks after
procedure to determine if the treatment is successful
after a positive pregnancy test.

• Intra- tubal insemination- It involves injection of

washed sperm into the Fallopian tube.The sperm may
be transferred to the tubes through a special catheter
that goes out through cervix, up the uterus and into
the Fallopian tubes. Unfortunately, it has been
associated with greater risk of infection and trauma,
and due to its invasive nature, higher expense and
uncertain success rate, it is the least common form of
artificial insemination.

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5) SURROGACY- Surrogacy is when another woman

carries and gives birth to a baby for the couple who want
to have a child. It is the carrying of a pregnancy for
intended parents. In this a woman agrees to become
pregnant and deliver a child for a contracted party.

TYPES:-
1) Traditional surrogacy- It is the simplest and least expensive
form of surrogacy. The surrogacy mother uses an insemination kit
to become pregnant using an intended father’s semen.
2) Geostational surrogacy- It is physically more complicated and
more expensive. Here both the eggs and sperm are taken from
intended mother and father.

STEPS :-
❖Egg donation
❖Fertilisation
❖Transfer

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CONCLUSION

▪ Many types of Assisted Reproductive

Technology techniques have been able to treat
couples with infertility.
▪ The success rates of ART vary according to
the type of ART people choose, and the
factors such as individual’s age and health.
▪ A specialist will suggest ART based on
couple’s preferences and types of infertility
while weighing the risks,benefits and costs.
▪ The use of ART has increased dramatically
worldwide but the perinatal risks associated
still remain a question.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

https://surrogate.com/surrogates/becoming-a-
surrogate/the-six-steps-of-the-surrogacy-process/

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/assisted
-reproductive-technology#summary

https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/pregnancy/
fertility-treatments/what-ivf

https://www.ucsfhealth.org/education/faq-
intracytoplasmic-sperm-injection

https://www.verywellfamily.com/what-is-artificial-
insemination-1960181

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