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upon. The charge entered his hand and breast, and he fell dead.
Capt. Reid at the head of 50 men, went after the murderers, and
soon returned with six of them. They are to be kept in close
confinement.
2nd.—Our officers were in an unpleasant dilemma. They did not
know how to dispose of the prisoners, and after some debate, they
concluded to turn them loose. A file of soldiers was detailed for that
purpose. They took them some miles off, and soon returned,
announcing that they had turned them loose. At 4 o’clock we left,
and travelled all night through a thick forest of muskeet trees and
brushwood. About sunrise we arrived at Columbus, where we found
several steamers ready for us. Many of us were miserably
disordered from our weary midnight march. We encamped on the
Rio Grande. This evening our cannon was sent down the river two
miles to be shipped.
3d.—Orders were received at an early hour for the troops to bring
forward their saddles, rigging, &c., to be valued. A most unsightly
mass was soon presented, the dilapidated articles were gathered in
a heap. Our Sergeant gave notice he should value them as
condemned property, it being impossible to transport them. A large
fire was then made, and all were consumed. Our horses were placed
in charge of a Mr. Van Bibber, who for a stipulated sum engaged to
drive them through Texas to Missouri, and leave them at any point
we might designate. We walked a mile to the beach, where several
steamers awaited us. The sick went immediately on board. Two or
three companies started, while the rest of us were detained till very
late to assist in shipping the cannon. Orders were given that we
should remain all night, so we went again on shore, spread our
blankets on the beach, and spent the night rather uncomfortably.
4th.—It commenced raining at 3 o’clock this morning. After eating a
breakfast of coffee and a few hard crackers, we hurried on board the
steamer. Here we found both cabin and deck crowded with men. Our
little steamer started in the midst of a heavy rain, rendering every
thing exceedingly unpleasant. Night came on and no cooking could
be done, so we went on shore, erected our tents, ate our suppers
and rested quietly through the night.
5th.—The bell rang at 3 o’clock for us to come on board which we
accomplished in the course of an hour. One fellow being rather slow,
was left behind, but he regained the boat before she had gone two
miles. Fortunately for him an accident happened to the wheel, which
was found to be broken, thus detaining us for repairs several hours.
We did not reach Matamoras till two o’clock. Here we stopped but a
very few minutes, and proceeded on till sunset. The boat now
stopped to take in wood, and the Captain informed us that he should
leave at moonrise. We laid down on deck on our blankets.
Sunday, 6th.—I was awakened at one o’clock by the deck hands to
make room to haul in the foot plank. I found myself drenched with
filthy water, which had run under me as I slept. Quietly folding up my
blanket I thought I would make no complaint, as I was near my
journey’s end. About sunrise we reached the Balize, when all hands
landed and erected the tents. After breakfast, with a number of
others, I went to bathe in the sea. We let the breakers pass over our
heads. They came with such force, that in my present reduced state,
I found it difficult to stand up under them. Nor could I remain long in
the water.
7th.—We are encamped on the banks of the Rio Grande, eight miles
from the shipping, which is on the opposite side of this narrow neck
of land.
8th.—A regiment of regulars landed to-day, on their way to the seat
of war. No ship has appeared as yet to take us off.
9th.—This morning we had orders to start for Brazos Santiago, nine
miles from this place. We had not proceeded far through the deep
sand, when it became necessary for those who had the remnant of
shoes, to pull them off, on account of the sand gathering in them, it
being above the ankle at every step. Our feet became badly blistered
by the heat and friction. Most gladly did I spread my blanket on the
sand and enjoy a night of rest, after the fatigues of the day. We are
not yet at the end of this uncomfortable journey. The shipping is in
sight, and a short march in the morning will relieve the weary teams
of their burdens.
10th.—We are all on board—artillery, baggage, and a motley crew of
250 men, with unshaved faces, ragged and dirty, but all in fine
spirits, save a few poor fellows, whose thin visages show the
ravages of disease and suffering.
11th.—The past has been a memorable night. For suffering I have
not experienced its equal in all my peregrinations through life. In the
brig, on board of which we took passage, there were 100 bunks (a
slight elevation made of plank) for the soldiers to sleep on. When I
got in mine, the crowd was so great and the air so oppressive, that I
thought I would get out, and take a few pulls at the fresh
atmosphere. Groping along in the dark, I endeavored to find some
place of egress, but the whole gangway was strewed with men, and I
was forced to return, amid a shower of blessings from the poor
fellows, on whom I had the misfortune to tread. I laid the rest of the
night in this hot place, more dead than alive. There was not the
slightest air, and I was covered with a profuse perspiration.
12th.—An inspection of this brig, which was beautiful in its exterior,
convinced me that it was a filthy place indeed; especially between
decks. It was certainly worse than a hog-pen, for just above our
bunks, there was a sty, in which were several of the real material.
Two small fires were built for the soldiers to cook with, and so many
crowded around them, all anxious to be served, that a long time
elapsed before I could get my coffee. As a matter of convenience we
were supplied with hard crackers and molasses. This diet only
increased my disease, and I turned a longing eye on a large turtle
which had been killed and was being served up for our officers, and
the inmates of the cabin.
13th.—Our allowance of water was a coffee pot full twice a day for
coffee, and a pint apiece for each man to drink; a hogshead had
been drawn upon deck for our use. There is a guard kept throughout
each day, over this hogshead of miserable water, not fit for horses to
drink. It was with mingled feelings of admiration and sorrow that I
saw our brave fellows, who had borne the fatigues of the march, and
the strong blows of the battle, come humbly around the hogshead,
which was a central point of attraction, and ask for a little cup of
water, when they were almost famished, and could drink several
pints were it allowed them. It is a gloomy Sabbath evening—nearly
calm.
14th.—We are running S. E. by E., though the boat scarcely glides
along, there being a calm. It seems that the water is becoming
scarcer to-day. The Captain has directed that a quart only shall be
given to each man for all purposes. And it is to last 24 hours. When
this was announced one of the men muttered something which I did
not hear, but which the Captain disliked; for he told us all, that if any
one made another threat, he would blow his brains out as quick as
he would shoot a rattlesnake. When this threat was heard the men
all roared out in a hearty laugh. The Captain was of middle size,
somewhat corpulent, swarthy in complexion, and blind in his right
eye. He was rough in his manners, but talked very little, especially to
us, privates. He is master of the brig and is employed by government
to convey troops across the gulf. His name is Woodsides. This
morning about a pint of water was issued to each man. Of course, no
coffee is made. We mixed a little vinegar with some water, and with
crackers and molasses, made out our supper. Two dolphins were
caught by the sailors, and one of our men caught a young shark.
Another turtle is served up for the cabin. It was so warm that I could
not sleep in my bunk, but lay in the gangway, on my blanket. At
midnight a steamer came alongside, and the Captain took on board
several barrels of water. It was truly a blessing for us.
15th.—Coffee and fried shark for breakfast, but a dreadful sore
mouth (which I fear is the scurvy) makes the eating a painful
performance. Every indication of land was near. At 12 o’clock the
Captain said we were 80 miles from the Balize. In anticipation of a
storm, the sails were furled, but a little sprinkle of rain was all, and
we again spread our canvass to the breeze. A sailor was sent aloft to
see if the light house was in sight, and after remaining in the cross
trees two hours, he came down and said he saw it. A short time after
the cry was heard, “the pilot boat is coming.” Sails were furled, and
the pilot was soon on board. In the meantime some one cried “three
cheers for Capt. Woodsides!” The cry was echoed by the crowd, and
Capt. Woodsides looked bullets. A flag was placed on the bow, a
steamer came alongside and towed us over the bar, where our
Captain anchored. We now draw water up the sides of the ship, for
we are in the Mississippi river, 100 miles from New Orleans. The
water is good and there is plenty of it, as the river is full. Every man
has just as much as he can use, and we use it freely enough. After
supper I went to my bunk, but found it too warm to rest in, so I took
my blanket, and laid down, as usual, in the gangway—but not being
able to stretch my feet out, in consequence of a sack of bacon in the
way, I got up and searched about, and at length found an empty
bunk of some one who had gone on deck to spend the night. I felt
weak and sick from the heat.
16th.—We drew our water from the river to get some breakfast, the
sailors are washing off the deck, and if any man happens in the way,
he is sure of having a bucket full thrown on him; of course several of
our boys have had a good drenching. At 8 o’clock a steamer took us
in tow. As we proceeded up the Mississippi, we beheld on its banks
large plantations of the sugar cane which present a lovely contrast
with some countries over which I have marched. On the left side of
the river is Fort Jackson, now nearly in ruins, but still a beautiful
place. With several of our men I slept on the deck of the steamer.
We were all in good spirits at the prospect of getting home, though
the want of a change of clothes at this particular juncture is keenly
felt. Some are covered with filth, and vermin, which have kept their
hiding places within our garments, for many a long day.
17th.—We are now among the thick settlements, and sugar
plantations which line the river as we approach the city. I remained
most of the night on deck, and ate an early breakfast of the usual
diet. Afterwards Capt. Hudson had one of the big guns taken up, and
fired a salute as we passed a pretty little village. We are now on the
site of the battle ground, where General Jackson fought the English
in 1814—continued our course up the river, and fired several times.
At last, we were safely landed on the wharf in New Orleans. Upon
my head there was no hat, having lost my last remnant overboard in
the gulf. My pants, I had thrown away three days before, because
(being composed of deerskin worn into tatters,) I despaired of
making them look decent. A pair of drawers, rather the worse for
wear, and an old overcoat, constituted my dress. If, to this
description of my person I add that my hair, beard, and mustachios,
had been left to vegetate undisturbed ever since I left Fort
Leavenworth, then some idea may be formed of the accomplished
soldiers of Col. Doniphan’s command.
18th.—In company with twelve others I got in an omnibus to search
for some clothes and quarters; came three miles to a large clothing
establishment, where our wants as to garments were soon supplied.
The barber next exercised his skill, and it was with many an amusing
jest and laugh that we regarded each others altered and improved
appearance. Comfortable quarters were secured, and to-night I am
reposing in a quiet boarding house. Here I feel that no homage of my
soul is profound enough to render due adoration to that gracious
Providence Who has protected and guided me, while marching over
the wild plains, and through the mountain passes of Mexico.
“Deserts in vain opposed our onward course;
O’er hostile lands and wild untravelled wastes,
Our journey we pursued, nor feared the floods,
Through deep ravines that flow; dire banked with death;
Nor mountains in whose jaws destruction grinned.
Though floods rapacious roaring as they rolled,
And mountains huge and rough were circled round
By roving bands of restless savage foes.”
22nd.—On Sunday last I went to the M. E. Church and listened to an
excellent sermon. I was kindly invited by a stranger, who introduced
himself to me, to dine and spend the evening with him. I complied
with his request and was pleasantly entertained. After tea I returned
to my boarding house, which is kept by a Mr. Wren, and whose
charge is moderate, viz. $4 per week. On my first introduction here I
committed a blunder, the thought of which has frequently caused me
to smile. It shows the contrast between a camp life and the more
polished proceedings of life in the city. When I was called to the first
meal, I seated myself at the table in the presence of my hostess, and
commenced operations as I supposed in a manner the most polite
and refined. Casting a glance at the lady I observed that she was
eyeing me with a curious interest. The smile that played upon her lip
told me that she was amused at some awkwardness of mine or
some oddity in my appearance. And what was my surprise when I
found that I had jerked my old knife from my pocket and was cutting
my meat placed upon my bread in my usual way. The habit had been
fixed upon me, and notwithstanding the neat arrangements of the
table I could not resist the propensity to indulge in my camp
customs.
26th.—On board the steamer Louisville bound for Cincinnati. The
boat is crowded, but a mattress on which to lie is a luxury. A few
hours ago, I parted with many of my fellow soldiers and friends, with
feelings which it is impossible for me to describe. I am not in a
situation to continue with the regiment until it reaches its final
destination. My mouth is so sore that the least effort to masticate my
food is very painful, and I cannot eat, now that I have before me all
the luxuries of life; and even if I could it would be improper for me to
do so, on account of a long continued diarrhœa and pain in my
breast and side. I feel that I am greatly changed when I compare the
present with the time when I last glided over this beautiful stream.
Then so full of health and anticipations of pleasures and happiness,
now, a sick soldier—a mere skeleton of a man, bronzed by the
burning rays of a Mexican sun, and worn down by the prolonged
fatigue of travelling, watching and toil. I regret very much that I
cannot go to St. Louis, as requested by Col. Doniphan, where an
enthusiastic reception is awaiting him. To express myself in
measured terms about our Commander, would not be expressive of
my feelings, and I feel how utterly incompetent I am to utter his
eulogy. The man who can familiarise himself with the poorest private,
by some kind word, or ride among the troops, and make us forget
that we were hungry or thirsty by some pleasant converse, in our
long and toilsome march;—the man who can forget his own personal
safety in the hour of danger, and rise superior to every
embarrassment—who can be prepared for every emergency, by
superior skill in the tactics of war—as well as a refined sense of
honor, and an open suavity of manner, not only leading captive the
hearts of his entire command, but thousands of the hostile foe—such
a man is a treasure to society, an honor to his country. And, such a
man, is the brave Doniphan. It was with the feelings of a brother or a
friend to whom I owed many obligations, that I grasped the hand of
this great man, who kindly wished me a safe return to my family.
27th.—Our noble steamer has made good headway up the river,
passed Baton Rouge, and at nine o’clock at night came in sight of
Natchez.
28th.—Passed the Grand Gulf at 10, and at 2 got to Vicksburg. The
pleasure of feasting my eyes on scenes so lovely, and which are
presented by a trip to the “Father of Waters,” compensates for any
little inconvenience arising from our crowded state.
30th.—At this time we are near Memphis. There is some excitement
on board. A man laboring under the effects of mania potu is quite
crazy, and has attempted several times to jump overboard. Just now
he entered the ladies’ cabin and struck his wife; one of our officers
interfered, and soon placed him on his back. But a further attempt to
kill his child made it necessary to secure him. With several others I
entered the ladies’ cabin, and helped to tie this gentleman. He made
much useless resistance.
July 1st.—Slept but little—the surrounding bustle and noises mingled
strangely with dreamy anticipations of soon receiving the cordial
welcome of friends, that I fondly think that are eagerly awaiting me in
my native home.
West River, July 10th.—Let no brave soldier say he cannot shed
tears of joy, when clasped in the arms of his aged, widowed mother,
after an absence of nearly two years, in which he has encountered
the perils of both land and sea—travelling nearly 6000 miles, 2200
being through the heart of an enemy’s country, and witnessing death
in every shape and feature.
It were an endless task to attempt any thing like a minute description
of that part of Mexico through which we travelled. Our route lay for
the most part, on the Rio Grande del Norte, whose head waters rise
in the Green Mountains, several hundred miles above Santa Fe. It
forms the western boundary of Texas, and can be easily forded at
almost any point above El Paso. In the dry season it is extremely
low, and can be of very little importance for navigation, except near
its mouth, which flows into the Gulf of Mexico. It is thought this river
has a course of from 15 to 1800 miles. The country is elevated:
being traversed by a range of mountains extending far to the
northward. Among the inhabitants, I saw every shade of complexion,
from a dark swarthy, or yellow, to the palest white. But few are
handsome among the ladies; and this is principally to be attributed to
their great love of coloring the skin with red paint. The mountaineers
are mostly poor, and almost universally destitute of every thing
beyond the bare necessaries of life. Their flocks and herds constitute
their principal riches, and their implements of husbandry are all of
the most simple character. Their ploughing such as it is—is effected
by a wooden plough, to which is attached two or four oxen, and the
wheat is slightly covered over, having been previously sown on the
hard ground. There are some fertile valleys in this mountainous
range, but the poor simple inhabitants have very little idea of taking
advantage of the natural resources of their country. After we left
Chihuahua, fields of cotton and corn, interspersed at intervals with
the sugar cane, presented themselves. The ranchos are always
about a day’s journey apart, and the whole aspect of nature in these
delightful spots, is one of the most inviting that can be imagined, as a
field of operation, for the industry and art of man. The soil here is
fertile, and what is generally termed bottom land; and with proper
culture would be made as productive as any of our western lands, as
the climate is more genial. They grow only a few vegetables, of
which the red pepper appears to be a favorite, these they string and
hang on the outsides of their houses so thick that on approaching I
frequently thought I should see a painted dwelling, but was to see
only a miserable dirty hut. The mines of Mexico afford her principal
wealth, but of this the poorer classes obtain but little, they are kept in
ignorance and degradation by a government which has borne the
name of Republican, but which every one who sojourns in that
country must soon discover to be a mockery, for the mass of the
people are subject alone to the will of the Roman clergy, and are not
free to act. There is no slave in any of our Southern States whose
situation they have not reason to envy. The women are more
degraded if possible than the men, and more slovenly in their
appearance, and while this is the case in any country the morals of
the people must remain at a low grade. Since my return, I have
heard of the enthusiastic reception of Col. Doniphan at St. Louis, an
account of which I annex as published in the Baltimore American.
Our business was not, however, to see all that was worth seeing, but
to hurry on to the place we started for and when arrived at that to
make arrangements to hurry on again.
 COL. DONIPHAN’S MARCH.
At the recent reception of the Missouri volunteers under Col.
Doniphan at St. Louis, the address of welcome was delivered by Mr.
Senator Benton. The speech is characteristic—exhibiting that clear
and graphic narrative and those strong and concentrated
expressions for which the Senator is remarkable.
The orator gave an outline of the long march of this gallant regiment
—first, a thousand miles to New Mexico, which became a starting
point of a new departure. Then Chihuahua was aimed at—
Chihuahua, a rich and populous city of nearly thirty thousand souls,
the seat of the government of the state of that name, and formerly
the residence of the Captains General of the Internal Provinces
under the vice-regal government. In advancing towards Chihuahua
the adventurous regiment encountered incredible hardships. They
passed over the desert called el jornada de los muertos—the journey
of the dead—an arid plain of ninety miles strewed with the bones of
animals perished of hunger and thirst and marked by continual
mementos of men who had fallen victims to the perilous way. They
fought the enemy at the Bracito, and gained a decisive victory
although opposed by superior numbers strong in cavalry and
artillery. Again at Sacramento the intrepid band fought and
conquered a vastly superior force. Mr. Benton calls that victory “one
of the military marvels of the age.” At length Chihuahua is reached
and taken; and there the bold adventurers must pause to determine
which way next they shall direct their steps. They had occupied a city
about as far from St. Louis as Moscow is from Paris. Let Col.
Benton’s graphic narrative be heard:
“Chihuahua gained, it became, like Santa Fe, not the terminating
point of a long expedition, but the beginning point of a new one. Gen.
Taylor was somewhere—no one knew exactly where—but some
seven or eight hundred miles towards the other side of Mexico. You
had heard that he had been defeated—that Buena Vista had not
been a good prospect to him. Like good Americans you did not
believe a word of it; but like good soldiers, you thought it best to go
and see. A volunteer party of fourteen, headed by Collins of
Boonville, undertake to penetrate to Saltillo, and to bring you
information of his condition. They set out. Amidst innumerable
dangers they accomplish their purpose; and return. You march. A
vanguard of one hundred men, led by Lieut. Colonel Mitchell, led the
way. Then came the main body, (if the name is not a burlesque on
such a handful,) commanded by Col. Doniphan himself.
“The whole table land of Mexico, in all its breadth, from west to east,
was to be traversed. A numerous and hostile population in towns—
treacherous Cumanches in the mountains—were to be passed.
Every thing was to be self-provided—provisions, transportation, fresh
horses for remounts, and even the means of victory—and all without
a military chest, or even an empty box, in which government gold
had ever reposed. All was accomplished. Mexican towns were
passed, in order and quiet: plundering Cumanches were punished:
means were obtained from traders to liquidate indispensable
contributions: and the wants that could not be supplied, were
endured like soldiers of veteran service.
“I say the Cumanches were punished. And here presents itself an
episode of a novel, extraordinary, and romantic kind—Americans
chastising savages for plundering people who they themselves came
to conquer, and forcing the restitution of captives and of plundered
property. A strange story this to tell in Europe, where back-woods
character, western character, is not yet completely known. But to the
facts. In the muskeet forest of the Bolson de Mapimi, and in the
sierras around the beautiful town and fertile district of Parras, and in
all the open country for hundreds of miles round about, the savage
Cumanches have held dominion ever since the usurper Santa Anna
disarmed the people; and sally forth from their fastnesses to
slaughter men, plunder cattle, and carry off women and children. An
exploit of this kind had just been performed on the line of the
Missourians’ march, not far from Parras, and an advanced party
chanced to be in that town at the time the news of the depredation
arrived there. It was only fifteen strong. Moved by gratitude for the
kind attentions of the people, especially the women, to the sick of
General Wool’s command, necessarily left in Parras, and unwilling to
be outdone by enemies in generosity, the heroic fifteen, upon the
spot, volunteered to go back, hunt out the depredators, and punish
them, without regard to numbers. A grateful Mexican became their
guide. On their way they fell in with fifteen more of their comrades;
and, in short time, seventeen Cumanches killed out of sixty-five,
eighteen captives restored to their families, and three hundred and
fifty head of cattle recovered for their owners, was the fruit of this
sudden and romantic episode.
“Such noble conduct was not without its effect on the minds of the
astonished Mexicans. An official document from the Prefect of the
place to Captain Reid, leader of this detachment, attests the verity of
the fact, and the gratitude of the Mexicans; and constitutes a trophy
of a new kind in the annals of war. Here it is in the original Spanish,
and I will read it off in English.
“It is officially dated from the Prefecture of the Department of Parras,
signed by the Prefect Jose Ignacio Arrabe, and addressed to Capt.
Reid, the 18th of May, and says:
“‘At the first notice that the barbarians, after killing many, and taking
captives, were returning to their haunts, you generously and bravely
offered, with fifteen of your subordinates, to fight them on their
crossing by the Pozo, executing this enterprise with celerity, address
and bravely worthy of all eulogy, and worthy of the brilliant issue
which all celebrate. You recovered many animals and much
plundered property; and eighteen captives were restored to liberty
and to social enjoyments, their souls overflowing with a lively
sentiment of joy and gratitude, which all the inhabitants of this town
equally breathe, in favor of their generous deliverers and their valiant
chief. The half of the Indians killed in the combat, and those which fly
wounded, do not calm the pain which all feel for the wound which
your excellency received defending christians and civilized beings
against the rage and brutality of savages. All desire the speedy re-
establishment of your health; and although they know that in your
own noble soul will be found the best reward of your conduct, they
desire also to address you the expression of their gratitude and high
esteem. I am honored in being the organ of the public sentiment, and
pray you to accept it, with the assurance of my most distinguished
esteem.
“‘God and Liberty!’”
“This is a trophy of a new kind in war, won by thirty Missourians, and
worthy to be held up to the admiration of christendom.”
The regiment arrived at Gen Taylor’s camp at Monterey, and
reported themselves ready for duty. They were prepared to go with
the hero of Buena Vista to San Luis Potosi, or Zacatecas, or the city
of Mexico. They regarded not their fatigues nor the approaching
expiration of their term of service. “But unhappily,” says Mr. Benton,
“the conqueror of Palo Alto Resaca de la Palma, Monterey and
Buena Vista, was not exactly in the condition that the Lieutenant
General, might have been, intended him to be. He was not at the
head of 20,000 men! he was not at the head of any thousands that
would enable him to march! and had to decline the proffered service.
Thus the long marched and well fought volunteers—the rough, the
ready, and the ragged—had to turn their faces towards home, still
more than two thousand miles distant.”
The last nine hundred miles of the land march from Chihuahua to
Matamoras was made in forty-five days with seventeen pieces of
artillery, eleven of which had been taken from the enemy. During all
their long march this regiment of hardy soldiers received from the
Government not a dollar of pay; they furnished for the most part their
own supplies and forage and clothing, and yet brought back nearly
their whole number. “You marched farther than the farthest,” says Mr.
Benton, “you have fought as well as the best, left order and quiet in
your train, and cost less money than any.”
Col. Doniphan made an eloquent address in reply to the oration of
welcome, and towards the close of it, he turned to his men, the
companions of his toils and dangers, and said:
“You have endured much toil and hardship. It is now about to
terminate. You have arrived once more in the land of civilized
society, and again we are citizens mingling with our fellow-citizens.
Your lot has been a hard one in many respects.
“Before reaching New Mexico, by two hundred miles, you were on
half rations, and never afterwards, for a single day, during our long
and arduous march to Saltillo, did you receive full rations. Yet all this
you have borne, and you have borne it with fortitude. The order
which you received to march in Major Gilpin’s command, with a large
column, over the Sierra Madre, covered with perpetual snow—
proceeding on your march on shortened allowance, without tents or
transportation, and many other comforts, because the Government
was unable to furnish them; yet you bore it all, and were ready to
resume your march in two days on the city of Chihuahua. You have
travelled over five states of Mexico, and five very large ones, in point
of territory.
“Perhaps the citizens of St. Louis do not know what a Bonava is, but
I will answer for every man in my command, knowing what they are. I
may assure you, had you crossed them, you too, would have known
what they are. The shortest one that we crossed was fifty miles and
one ninety-five miles, which we crossed in three days in December,
without wood, without water, without tents, at an elevation of 7000
feet above the Atlantic ocean. In sending expresses to the distance
of 600 miles, when I was unable to furnish them with the means of
carrying provision and other comforts with them over immense sand
prairies covered with snow, I have never made a detail, but all were
volunteers, or when I have sent out parties for the purpose of
watching the enemy who have had to starve for days, I never made
a detail in this column, but all were volunteers, and I am proud to say
it.”
 TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES:
Obvious typographical errors have been corrected.
Inconsistencies in hyphenation have been
standardized.
Archaic or variant spelling has been retained.
 *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK JOURNAL OF
WILLIAM H. RICHARDSON, A PRIVATE SOLDIER IN THE
CAMPAIGN OF NEW AND OLD MEXICO, UNDER THE COMMAND
OF COLONEL DONIPHAN OF MISSOURI ***

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