Introduction to the Philosophy

of the Human Person

Quarter 2 – Module 5:
Human Interaction with Society
Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 5: Human Interaction with Society
First Edition, 2020

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 Introduction to the
Philosophy of the Human
Person

Quarter 2 – Module 5:
Human Interaction with Society

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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Senior High School core subject - Introduction to the Philosophy of
the Human Person Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on the Human
Interaction with Society. This module was collaboratively designed, developed and
reviewed by educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the
teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12
Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in
schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person’s Alternative
Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on the Human Interaction with Society.

The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands one may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
are capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

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 What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

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The following are some reminders in using this module:
a) Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
b) Do not forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
c) Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
d) Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
e) Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
f) Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module entitled Human Interaction with Society shall help you recognize
how individuals form societies and how these individuals will be transformed to
become more socially responsible people and contribute in social development.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Identify and explain the differences among the different types of society base on
the primary means of subsistence,
2. Explain the versions of the social contract theory of Hobbes, Locke, and
Rousseau,
3. Evaluate the transformation of human relationships by social systems and how
societies transform individual human beings.

What I Know

Direction: A. Arrange the jumbled letters below to form a word/concept that is

being described in each item. Write answer on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. This means a physical or a mental impairment that substantially limits one or

more psychological, physiological or anatomical function of an individual or
activities of such individual.
S B Y I L D T I A

2. He was bullied for being limbless, struggled but eventually realizing that his
accomplishments could inspire others.

J C I I V C U

3. This is one of the ways in recognizing the value of underprivileged and persons
with disabilities.

P E T E R A I A C P

4. It is a disability of the senses such as sight, hearing, smell, touch, and

taste.
N E O Y S S R

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5. Disability reduces well-being of a person because of the stigma and
______________________ it evokes.

N C S I I D R T O M I I A N

6. It refers to the social conditions which enable persons and groups to fulfil their
goals and achieve well-being.

M G M C O N D O O O

7. The society based on the ownership of land.

Y E A S F O U E D L C I T

8. The society based on the use of specialized machinery in the production of

goods and services.
N U I L A I D S R T

9. It is the product of the post-industrial society.

I L V R U T A

10. It is a set of connected behaviors expected to a certain person.

0 A R L E L S C S O

Direction: B. Study the statements below. Check the Agree column if the
statement is right, check Disagree if it is a wrong statement.

Agree Disagree
1. Society has become an essential condition for human life
to arise and to continue.
2. The size, scope, and kinds of societies differ – it could be
geographical, cultural, ethnical, political, economical,
among others.
3. Effective and efficient public service, education, and the
maintenance of peace and order are some of the ways
society ensures that we are able to have productive lives
and realize our potential.
4. Society transform you as an individual human being
5. Only influential people can make change in the society.

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 Module
Human Interaction with
5 Society
God did not create human as a “solitary being,” but wanted him/her to be a
“social being.” Each person is called to exist ‘for’ others, to become a gift, serving them,
and loving them.

The person and society are inseparable which means one cannot exist without
the other. It is a two-way relationship that binds both the person and the society for
growth and development. We have our own individual assigned social roles in the
society. Social roles are set of connected behaviors expected to a certain person.
Individuals with common or similar roles are grouped together to form social groups
and eventually the different social groups would become social institutions that
include our family, school, government among others.

What’s In

Webster defines role as a socially expected behavior pattern usually

determined by an individual's status in a particular society. It is a function or part
performed especially in a particular operation or process

List down at least three (3) roles you have played in your family, in your school,
and in your community.

1. Family:
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

2. School:
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

3. Community:
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

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 What’s New

Members of the society learn, interact, exercise freedom and follow common
beliefs, traditions and norms or standards. Norms are set of traits and behavior that
society considers good and acceptable. The society expects us to behave the way it is
used to. When we do not obey to the established norms, then we experience
punishments for not doing so. Moreover, laws are made to provide us proper
guidelines to sustain peace and order. Violation of the law means punishment. On
the other hand, folkways are traditional in nature and do not result in punishment
if not followed.
These things exist in a society, the totality of all natural relations an
institution between man and man (Oppenheimer, 1992). The size, scope, and kinds
of societies differ – it could be geographical, cultural, ethnical, political, economical,
among others. The basis of classification usually corresponds to the common
features of the members in a society.

Direction: Do this task on a short bond paper.

MY DREAMLAND

1. Think of the community or society that you wish/want to live.

2. Draw it in one (1) whole short bond paper. Make your drawing colourful.
3. Write your reflection below your drawing by answering the following questions:
a. How is your dreamland differ on the land that you are dwelling now?
b. Is it possible to live in your dreamland? Why or why not?
c. As a senior high school student, what are the ways you can suggest to
reach the possibilities of living in your dreamland?

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 What is It

Types of Societies

Societies are the largest and most complex groups of people. To help
understand how modern society developed, sociologists find it useful to distinguish
societies according to their type of economy and technology (Nolan & Lenski, 2009).

Types of Societies Key Characteristics

Hunting-And- These are small, simple societies in which people hunt and gather
Gathering food. Because all people in these societies have few possessions,
the societies are fairly egalitarian, and the degree of inequality is
very low.

This form of society is recognized as the earliest and the simplest;

basically small and composed mostly of families. They are nomadic,
meaning, they kept on transferring from one place to another to
look for food, thus, they do not have permanent houses. Men are
tasked to hunt large animals while women are tasked in the
collection of vegetables and other crops.
Horticultural And Horticultural and pastoral societies are larger than hunting-and-
Pastoral gathering societies. Horticultural societies grow crops with simple
tools, while pastoral societies raise livestock. Both types of societies
are wealthier than hunting-and-gathering societies, and they also
have more inequality and greater conflict than hunting-and-
gathering societies.

They also engage in buying and selling of goods with other groups.
Agricultural These societies grow great numbers of crops, thanks to the use of
plows, oxen, and other devices. Compared to horticultural and
pastoral societies, they are wealthier and have a higher degree of
conflict and of inequality.

They lived permanently and improved the technology for farming.

Money became a form of exchange for goods and services.
Feudal System It is a form of society in which the ruler or lord owned all the land
while the farmers or laborers farmed it.
Industrial Industrial societies feature factories and machines. They are
wealthier than agricultural societies and have a greater sense of
individualism and a somewhat lower degree of inequality that still
remains substantial.

Through innovations and technological advances, daily activities

become easier and the lives of the people become better.

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 Postindustrial These societies feature information technology and service jobs.
(Virtual/Computer) Higher education is especially important in these societies for
Society economic success.

People use technology and the internet to communicate, to engage

in business and access different information
that can be if used to deal with daily activities.
Source: Types of societies by (Nolan & Lenski, 2009) & Honey May Colaljo, SDO CDO

Discussion Questions:
1. What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages of living in each
subsistence kind of society?
2. If you were to choose which among these subsistence kinds of society you
would like to live in, which one would it be? Why?

Society and State

An important feature of society is what we call the state. State is a political

human organization that is sovereign and supreme in exercising its authority within
its territory (Mabaquiao, 2017). A nation, however, refers to the group of people based
on language, culture, ethnicity, and others. It is possible for a nation not to have a
state and for a state contain one or more nations or just parts of different nations.

When can we say that the existence of the state is justified?

There are three theories that the philosophers usually discussed to provide
Justification of the State: Divine Right Theory or Theory of the Divine Right of Kings,
Social Contract Theory or the Consent Theory of the State, and the Consequentialist
Approach. These justifications adhere to the perspectives that states should exist in
a specific society.

Theory Proponents Claims/Justifications

Divine Right Jean What justifies the political power of the state is
Theory or Domat the appointment of its king by God.
Theory of the (1967)
Divine Right of It claims the king’s right to rule as absolute, for
Kings the kings does not need approval of his
Or Absolutism constituents in exercising his political power.
E.g., Monarchial government.

Subjects must be submissive and obedient

because government is necessary for common
good and God established it.
What justifies the political power of the state is
the informed and voluntary consent (social
contract) that its citizens have given to the state.

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 Social contract is an abstract contract that
specifies the primary duties and obligations of the
citizens towards each other. If both parties will
fail, the state imposes punishment to their citizen
or the citizens acquire the right to change or
Social Contract overthrow their government.
Theory or the Thomas He describes the condition in the state of nature
Consent Theory Hobbes as “a war of all against all” or where everyone is
of the State at war with everyone else due to some factors
includes: competition over power, constant threat
to one’s life, and competition over resources.
Humans are naturally inclined to use the
advantage of war when they cannot obtain peace.
John Locke All humans are created equal by God: have the
same natural rights, and not to harm people. If a
person unnecessarily harms another person,
thereby violating his/her rights, the other person
can exercise his/her natural right to punish the
offending person. People decide to institute the
state to safeguard their natural rights and for
those violating these rights to be properly
punished.
Jean- People in the state of nature deal with this
Jacques scarcity by means of self-improvement. Their
Rousseau success in conquering scarcity results in the
creation of convenience which in turn results in
corrupted desires, vices, and other negative
values such as greedy and jealousy. Life in the
state of nature is characterized by conflicts,
bloodshed, and war that the rich among them
institute the state in order to protect their
properties.
Consequentialist Utilitarianism claims that since happiness or
Approach or welfare is the only inherent good, then our moral
Utilitarianism duty is to increase or maximize overall happiness
of all persons affected by our actions. The state is
justified in its existence only if it is managed by a
government that promotes the greatest good of
the greatest number of the citizens or that
increases their overall happiness.
Source: Mabaquiao Jr, Napoleon. Making Life Worth Living: Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person, Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, 2017

Discussion Questions:
1. What are similar and different in the accounts of Hobbes, Locke, and
Rousseau of the state of nature?
2. Do you think that the Philippine state is justified in its existence in terms of
maximizing the overall happiness of Filipinos? Explain your answer.

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Social Systems
A social system consists in a plurality of individual actors interacting with
each other in a situation which at least has a physical or environmental aspect,
actors who are motivated in terms of a tendency to the ‘optimization of gratification’
and whose relation to their situations, including each other, is defined and mediated
in terms of a system of culturally structured and shared symbols”, (The Social
System). A society is a system of usages, authority and mutuality based on “We”
felling and likeness. It is essentially a pattern for imparting the social behavior.

The social system may include some elements that brings about the
uniformity in the behaviour, linked with the culture of the people, meet his
requirements, and fulfill his obligations that provide the pathway of progress,
individual societal roles, functions, and powers.

Social system is a dynamic phenomenon which is influenced by the changes

caused in the social form. We have also seen that the social system is influenced by
the aims, objects, and the needs of the society which means that it shall be relevant
only if it changes itself according to the changed objects and needs. It has been seen
that change takes place in the social system due to human needs, environment, and
historical conditions, and phenomena. A social system implies order among the
interacting units of the systems called equilibrium or harmonious relations between
individuals, likely to be disturbed, at times, by social changes, occasioned by
innovations which force new conceptions of roles and norms.

Social systems transform how people relate to each other bring with them the
imprints of experiences of the increasing globalized consciousness. Technology for
instance changes the way we look human being and society. Science on the other
hand has greatly influenced the picture we have of human existence and what is
essential to humanity. Humanity does not live according to the natural cycles
regulated by natural rhythms anymore. It is governed by a “second nature” that is
an artificial environment characterized by the result of technology.

Society has become an essential condition for human life to arise and to
continue. The relationship between individual and society is ultimately one of the
profound of all the problems of social philosophy. It is more philosophical rather than
sociological because it involves the question of values. Man depends on society. It is
in the society that an individual is surrounded and encompassed by culture, as a
societal force. It is in the society again that he has to conform to the norms, occupy
statuses and become members of groups. The relation between the two depends upon
one fact that the individual and the society are mutually dependent, one grows with
the help of the other.

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 What’s More

Me and My Society!

Direction: Do this task on a yellow pad paper.

1. Study and observe your own society.

2. Describe the type of society where you are living by identifying its
characteristics.
3. Add a name of individuals, groups, or institutions and discuss their meaningful
contributions or influences of your development in your society.

What I Have Learned

Direction: Check on the column which level of mastery do you think you have
reached after studying the lesson.

Statements
Very Mastered Least
Mastered Mastered

1. Society is considered a product of deliberate actions by

individuals who come together in pursuit of a common
goal.
2. Society makes possible the emergence of certain
individualities, which are the result of a person’s
interaction with other members of society.
3. Society is also rooted in the concepts of the common good
and general welfare, which refers to social conditions that
enable persons and groups to fulfil their goals and achieve
well-being.
4. Societies are of different types and their types depend on
their level of subsistence includes gathering society,
pastoral society, horticultural society, agrarian or
agricultural society, feudal society, industrial society and
post-industrial society.
5. Various forms of society have emerged throughout human
history. These societies have given rise to specific
individualities that were defined by the nature of human
relations prevalent within those given societies.

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 6. For the society to exist in unity and harmony, there is the
need of the presence of norms, laws, folkways, social
system, social role, social groups of social classes, social
institutions and social values.
7. Society provides opportunities for its members to grow
and achieve well-being.
8. Through its various institutions, society endeavors to
develop well-adjusted and productive members that can
make significant contributions to society. In turn,
individuals uphold the common good and work to bring
about positive changes in society.
9. Society recognizes the capability of the person to develop,
and provides its members with opportunities to better
themselves. Effective and efficient public service,
education, and the maintenance of peace and order are
some of the ways society ensures that we are able to have
productive lives and realize our potential
10. Other ways that individuals can bring about social
change is by organizing themselves into groups that
advocate certain causes. These concerted efforts of many
groups often bring about social movement, which is a
large-scale action done by various groups and
organizations in pursuit of a common goal to bring about
change.
Source: Colaljo, Honey May, Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person, SDO CDO

What I Can Do

My Transformation!

Direction: Compose a short essay on the topic below.

“My Society Transformed Me as an Individual”

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 Assessment

Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. It refers to an abstract contract that specifies the primary duties and

obligations of the citizens towards each other.
a. social goal c. social contract
b. common norm d. social condition
2. Interaction of people in an organization who live in the same place and with
the same culture.
a. family c. society
b. individual d. siblings
3. According to him, life in the state of nature is characterized by conflicts,
bloodshed, and war that the rich among them institute the state in order to
protect their properties.
a. Thomas Hobbes c. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
b. John Locke d. Jean Domat
4. He strongly affirms that what justifies the political power of the state is the
appointment of its king by God.
a. Thomas Hobbes c. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
b. John Locke d. Jean Domat
5. This theory claims that since happiness or welfare is the only inherent good,
then our moral duty is to increase or maximize overall happiness of all
persons affected by our actions.
a. Consequentialist Approach or Utilitarianism
b. Divine Right Theory
c. Absolutism
d. Social Contract Theory or the Consent Theory of the State
6. It is a political human organization that is sovereign and supreme in
exercising its authority within its territory
a. power c. state
b. domain d. nation
7. What is the oldest and the most basic way of economic subsistence?
a. gathering and fishing c. pastoral and fishing
b. hunting and pastoral d. hunting and gathering
8. It is the product of the post-industrial society.
a. industrial society c. virtual society
b. feudal society d. agricultural society
9. The society based on the use of specialized machinery in the production of
goods and services.
a. hunting and gathering society c. post-industrial society
b. horticultural society d. industrial society
10. The society based on the ownership of land.
a. feudal society c. agricultural society
b. pastoral society d. virtual society

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11.These are less normal norms that arise from tradition and do not result in
punishment when violated.
a. Norms c. Social role
b. Laws d. Folkways
12. It defines as acceptable behavior of citizens.
a. Social Values c. Social role
b. Laws d. Folkways
13. It refers to the group of people based on language, culture, ethnicity, and
others.
a. power c. state
b. domain d. nation
14. Actions or ideals that are considered important by society.
a. Norms c. Social role
b. Laws d. Folkways
15. These are set of traits and behavior that society considers acceptable.
a. Norms c. Social role
b. Laws d. Folkways

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 13
What’s In What I Know
Answer may vary. A.
3 Sample Roles 1. Disability
2. Vujicic
Family: Takes care of the siblings, the 3. Appreciate
caretaker of the family, helping parents 4. Sensory
from household chores. 5. Discrimination
6. Common Good
School: Do the school responsibilities, study
7. Feudal Society
the lesson and do the home works, and
8. Industrial
actively participates in school activities. 9. Virtual
Community: Empowering rights, helping 10.Social Roles
community plans, and cooperate with the
B.
community leaders.
1. Agree
2. Agree
3. Agree
4. Agree
5. Disagree
Answer Key
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Essay Rubrics
Assessment:
1. C
2. C
3. C
4. D
5. A
6. C
7. B
8. C
9. D
10. A
11. D
12. A
13. D
14. C
15. A
References

Colaljo, Honey May. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person, SDO
Cagayan De Oro. 2020

Dangcalan, Meriam. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. Quezon

City: ERC Publishing House, 2018

Joy, Leonard. Individual and Societal Transformation: The Connection. May, 2002.
http://www.quakerinstitute.org/wpcontent/uploads/2010/04/joyTransfor
mation.pdf

Hossain, F. M. Anayet and Ali, Korban. Relation between Individual and Society.
Scientific Research Publishing Inc. 2014
https://file.scirp.org/Html/8-1760197_49227.htm

Mabaquiao Jr, Napoleon. Making Life Worth Living: Introduction to the Philosophy of
the Human Person. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, 2017

Mondal, Puja. Social System: Meaning, Elements, Characteristics and Types.

https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/sociology/social-system-meaning-
elements-characteristics-and-types/8524

Rcampus. iRubric: Short Essay Questions Rubric.

https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?sp=yes&code=N4AA82&

Webster Dictionary. Definition of Role. https://www.merriam-

webster.com/dictionary/role

Wittwer, J. Cultural Must-Adapts: When Is It Mandatory to Adapt to Cultural

Norms? May 11, 2018. https://successacrosscultures.com/tag/folkways/

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