The Flora of

Eastern Himalaya
voin

Hiroshi Hara
1 A.

CONTENTS

Preface i"

Contributors

Explanation of Plates.

Members and Itineraries.

Systematic Enumeration ofthe Plants Collected

Spermatophyta
Pteridophyta
Bryophyta

AMonograph of the Subgenus Dollinera of the Genus Desmodmm

(Leguminosae), by Hiroyoshi Ohashi
ARevision of the Eastern Himalayan Species of the Genus Arisaema (Araceae),
by Hiroshi Hara

Cytological Studies on some Eastern Himalayan Plants a-d their Related

Species, by Sachiko Kurosawa

Additional Bibliography

Index of Latin Names

 VI vu

CONTRIBUTORS EXPLANATION OF PLATES

Amakawa, Tairoku Shuyukan High School, Fukuoka.

Ando, Hisatsugu Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Hiroshima Univer
sity, Hiroshima. Plate 1. A stream at Nyatoka above Wangdu Phodrang, Bhutan, alt. 1500 m (Apr.
Hara, Hiroshi Department of Botany, Facultyof Science, University ofTokyo, 10, 1967). Desmodium elegans DC. in full bloom on the left bank.
Tokyo. Plate 2. Aruncus dioicus Fernald subsp. tritematus Hara at the edge of the forest of
Hattori, Sinske Hattori Botanical Laboratory, Nichinan, Miyazaki Prefecture. Rhododendron campanulatum. Sandakphu, the Singalila Range, 3900 m (Jul.
Inoue, Hiroshi Division of Botany, National Science Museum, Tokyo. 14, 1969).
I to, Hirosi Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Tokyo Kyoiku Uni Meconopsis napaulensis DC. f. fusco-purpurea Hara.
versity, Tokyo. Rhododendron lepidotum Wall, with red-purple flowers ondie right side. Mt.
Iwatsuki, Kunio Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Singalila, 3900 m (Jul. 17, 1969). X1/10.
Kyoto. c. The same species with white flowers.
Iwatsuki, Zennoske Hattori Botanical Laboratory, Nichinan, Miyazaki Prefecture. Sandakphu, the Singalila Range, 3950 m(Jul. 15, 1969). X1/12.
Kanai, Hiroo Department of Botany, the University Museum, University of Plate 3. a. Primula sikkimensis Hooker.
Tokyo, Tokyo. Sandakphu, the Singalila Range, 3850 m(Jul. 15, 1969). x 1/12.
Kimura, Arika 4-6, Tsunogoro-2, Sendai. b. Begonia flavijlora Hara.
Kimura, Yojiro Department of Biology, College of General Education, Univer Senchal, Darjeeling, 2350 m (Jul. 6, 1969). x 1/3.
sity of Tokyo, Tokyo. c. Lonicera adenophora Franchet.
Kitamura, Siro 15, Tanaka-higashi-takahara-machi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto. Barshong—Nala, Bhutan, 3500 m (May 25, 1967). X1.
Koyama, Tetsuo New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458, U.S.A. Plate 4. a. Benthamidia capitata Hara.
Kurosawa, Sachiko Department ofBotany, Faculty ofScience, University ofTokyo, Below Dhunche, Gosainkund, C. Nepal, 2000 m (Jun. 3, 1969). x 1/6.
Tokyo. b. Ceropegia pubescens Wallich.
Kuwahara, Yukinobu Kurume Shin'aiJogakuin Catholic Women's College, Kurume. East Birch Hill Road, Darjeeling, 2100 m (Jul. 5, 1969). x 3/5.
Mizushima, Masami Makino Herbarium, Faculty of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan c. Chirita macrophylla Wallich.
University, Tokyo. Senchal, Darjeeling, 2350 m(Jul. 6, 1969). x2/5.
Mizutani, Masami Hattori Botanical Laboratory, Nichinan, Miyazaki Prefecture. d. Didymocarpus Andersoni C. B. Clarke.
Momiyama, Yasuiti 12-6, Ogigayatsu-1, Kamakura. Martam-Gangtok, Sikkim, 1700 m(Jun. 27, 1969). x 1.
Murata, Gen Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Plate 5. a. Iris Clarkei Baker.
Kyoto. Sandakphu, the Singalila Range, 3900 m(Jul. 15, 1969).
Noguchi, Akira Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kumamoto Univer b. Iris decora Wallich.
sity, Kumamoto. Gosainkund, C. Nepal, 2900 m(Jun. 4, 1969). x2/3.
Ochi, Harumi Department of Biology, Faculty of Liberal Arts, Tottori Uni Plate 6. a. Arisaema erubescens Schott. ,
versity, Tottori. Phulchauki, Kathmandu, 2700 m(May 29, 1969). x1/2.
ArisaetnaGrimthii Schott vax.verrucosum-ii&r&.
Ohashi, Hiroyoshi Department ofBotany, Faculty ofScience, University ofTokyo, b.
Tokyo. Garibas—Tonglu, the Singalila Range, 3000 m(May 2, 1970). X1/2.
Ohwi, Jisaburo 4238-5, Take, Yokosuka. c. Arisaema costatum Martius.
Satake, Yoshisuke 25-29, Ry6ke-7, Urawa. Thare, Gosainkund, C. Nepal, 2200 m(Jun. 3, 1969). X1/2.
Suzuki, Hyoji Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Hiroshima Univer d. Arisaema ostiolatum Hara. ^ncn\ wq/a
sity, Hiroshima.
Pi;ate 7.
Phalut—Sabargan, the Singalila Range, 3400 m(Jul. 19, 1969). x3/4.
Tagawa, Motozi Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, a. Galeola Lindl^ana Reichb.
Kyoto. Below Damthang, Sikkim, 2000 m(Jun. 29, 1969). x 1/2.
Takaki, Noriwo Department of Biology, Faculty ofGeneral Education, Nagoya b. Cardiocrinum giganteumMaVino. ir.cn\ winn
University, Nagoya.
Pi ate 8.
Thare—Dhunche, Gosainkund, C. Nepal, 2000 m(Jun. 2, 1969). x 1/10.
Tuyama, Takasi Deparlnient of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu Uni a. Calanthe tricarinata Lindley, one flower. X1.
versity, Tokyo. b. Calanthe tricarinata Lindley.
Yamazaki, Takasi Botanical Gardens, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Phulchauki, Kathmandu, 2700 m (May 29, 1969). X1/2.
Tokyo. c. Cephalanthera ensifolia Richard.
Gosainkund, C. Nepal, 2700 m(Jun. 4, 1969). x2/3.
 VI vu

CONTRIBUTORS EXPLANATION OF PLATES

Amakawa, Tairoku Shuyukan High School, Fukuoka.

Ando, Hisatsugu Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Hiroshima Univer
sity, Hiroshima. Plate 1. A stream at Nyatoka above Wangdu PHodrang, Bhutan, alt. 1500 m (Apr.
Hara, Hiroshi Department ofBotany, Faculty ofScience, University ofTokyo, 10, 1967). Desmodium elegans DC. in full bloom on the left bank.
Tokyo. Plate 2. a. Aruncus dioicus Fernald subsp. tritematus Hara at the edge of the forest of
Hattori, Sinske Hattori Botanical Laboratory, Nichinan, Miyazaki Prefecture. Rhododendron campanulatum. Sandakphu, the Singalila Range, 3900 m (Jul.
Inoue, Hiroshi Division ofBotany, National Science Museum, Tokyo. 14, 1969).
I to, Hirosi Department ofBotany, Faculty ofScience, Tokyo Kyoiku Uni b. Meconopsis napaulensis DC. f.fusco-purpurea Hara.
versity, Tokyo. Rhododendron lepidotum Wall, with red-purple flowers on the right side. Mt.
Iwatsuki, Kunio Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Singalila, 3900 m (Jul. 17, 1969). x 1/10.
Kyoto. c. The same species with white flowers.
Iwatsuki, Zennoske Hattori Botanical Laboratory, Nichinan, Miyazaki Prefecture. Sandakphu, the Singalila Range, 3950 m (Jul. 15, 1969). X1/12.
Kanai, Hiroo Plate 3. a. Primula sikkimensis Hooker.
Department of Botany, the University Museum, University of
Tokyo, Tokyo. Sandakphu, the Singalila Range, 3850 m (Jul. 15, 1969). x 1/12.
Kimura, Arika 4-6, Tsunogoro-2, Sendai. b. BegoniaJiaviJiora Hara.
Kimura, Yojiro Senchal, Darjeeling, 2350 m (Jul. 6, 1969).X1/3.
Department of Biology, College of General Education, Univer
sity of Tokyo, Tokyo. c. Lonicera adenophora Franchet.
Kitamura, Siro 15, Tanaka-higashi-takahara-machi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto. Barshong—Nala, Bhutan, 3500 m (May 25, 1967). x 1.
Koyama, Tetsuo New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458, U.S.A. Plate 4. a. Benthamidia capitata Hara.
Kurosawa, Sachiko Below Dhunche, Gosainkund, C. Nepal, 2000 m (Jun. 3, 1969). x 1/6.
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, b. Ceropegia pubescens Wallich.
Tokyo.
Kuwahara, Yukinobu East Birch Hill Road, Darjeeling, 2100 m (Jul. 5, 1969). x 3/5.
KurumeShin'ai Jogakuin Catholic Women's College, Kurume. c. Chirita macrophylla Wallich.
Mizushima, Masami Makino Herbarium, Faculty of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Senchal, Darjeeling, 2350 m (Jul. 6, 1969).x2/5.
University, Tokyo. d. Didymocarpus Andersoni C. B. Clarke.
Mizutani, Masami Hattori Botanical Laboratory, Nichinan, Miyazaki Prefecture.
Momiyama, Yasuiti 12-6, Ogigayatsu-1, Kamakura. Martam—Gangtok, Sikkim, 1700 m (Jun. 27, 1969). x 1.
Murata, Gen Plate 5. a. Iris Clarkei Baker.
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Sandakphu, the Singalila Range, 3900 m (Jul. 15, 1969).
Kyoto.
Noguchi, Akira b. Iris decora Wallich.
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kumamoto Univer Gosainkund, C. Nepal, 2900 m (Jun. 4, 1969). x 2/3.
sity, Kumamoto.
Ochi, Harumi Plate 6. a. Arisaema erubescens Schott.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Liberal Arts, Tottori Uni Phulchauki, Kathmandu, 2700 m (May 29, 1969). X1/2.
versity, Tottori.
Ohashi, Hiroyoshi b. Arisaema Griffithii Schott var. verrucosum Hara.
Department ofBotany, Faculty ofScience, University ofTokyo, Garibas—^Tonglu, the Singalila Range, 3000 m (May 2, 1970). X1/2.
Tokyo.
Ohwi, Jisaburo c. Arisaema costatum Martius.
4238-5, Take, Yokosuka.
Satake, Yoshisuke 25-29, Ry6ke-7, Urawa. Thare, Gosainkund, C. Nepal, 2200 m (Jun. 3, 1969). X1/2.
Suzuki, Hyoji d. Arisaema ostiolatum Hara.
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Hiroshima Univer Phalut—Sabargan, the Singalila Range, 3400 m (Jul. 19, 1969). X3/4.
sity, Hiroshima.
^^ate 7. a. Galeola Lindleyana Reichb.
Tagawa, Motozi Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Below Damthang, Sikkim, 2000 m (Jun. 29, 1969). x 1/2.
Kyoto.
b. Cardiocrinum giganteum Makino.
Takaki, Noriwo Department of Biology, Faculty of General Education, Nagoya Thare—Dhunche, Gosainkund, C. Nepal, 2000 m (Jun. 2, 1969). X1/10.
University, Nagoya. ^late 8. a. Calantke tricarinata Lindley, one flower. X1.
Tuyama, Takasi Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu Uni b. Calanthe tricarinata Lindley.
versity, Tokyo.
Yamazaki, Takasi Botanical Gardens, Faculty of Sciencc, University of Tokyo, Phulchauki, Kathmandu, 2700 m (May 29, 1969). x 1/2.
Tokyo. c. Cephalanthera ensifolia Richard.
Gosainkund, C. Nepal, 2700 m (Jun. 4, 1969). X2/3.
. Orchis Chusua D. Don.
Phalut, the Singalila Range, 3800 m (Jul. 16, 1969). x 5/4.
. Parnassia rnysorensis Heyne.
Sandakphu, the Singalila Range, 3900 m (Jul. 15, 1969). x3/4.
. Parnassia Wightiana Wallich.
Phalut, the Singalila Range, 3800 m (Jul. 16, 1969).x2/3.
Chrysosplenium singalilense Hara in fruit.
Phalut, the Singalila Range, 3870 m (Jul. 18, 1969). x3/2.
Stilbanthus scandens Hooker f. in flower.
Phyang La, Sikkim, 1700 m (Jul. 1, 1969).
Acomastylus sikkimensis F. Bolle with white nodding flowers.
Sabargan—Phalut, the Singalila Range, 3700 m (Jul. 16, 1969). X1/3.
Rubus linealus Reinwardt.
Ghum, Darjeeling, 2300 m (Jul. 7, 1969). x4/5.
Rubtis splendidissimus Hara.
Meghma—Chitrey, the Singalila Range, 2800 m (Jul. 22, 1969). X1.
Rubus gigantijlorus Hara.
Tonglu, the Singalila Range, 3000 m (Jul. 12, 1968).x3/4.
Rubusfragarioides Bertoloni.
Sandakphu, the Singalila Range, 3800 m (Jul. 15, 1969). xl.
Rubus Fockeanus S. Kurz.
Above Sabargan, the Singalila Range, 3500 m (Jul. 16, 1969). X1.
Streptopus simplex D. Don.
Sandakphu, the Singalila Range, 3900 m (Jul. 20, 1969). X3/4.
Cardiocrinum giganleum Makino.
Phulchayki, Kathmandu, 2700 m (Jun. 10, 1969). x 1/2.
The same, x 1/4.
Ophiopogon parviflorus Hara.
Darjeeling, 2200 m (Jul. 24, 1969). x 1.
Polygonalum verlicillatum Allioni, a broad-leaved form.
Phalut, the Singalila Range, 3900 m (Jul. 18, 1969). x 1/5.
The same, a common Himalayan form with narrower leaves from the same
locality, x 1/4.
Polygonalum singalilense Hara.
Phalut, the Singalila Range, 3900 m (Jul. 18, 1969). x 1/2.
Polygonalum verlicillalum with alternate or opposite leaves.
Sandakphu, the Singalila Range, 3850 m (Jul. 14, 1969). x 5/7.
Pollen grams of the section Dollinera of Desmodium. x 1000. a-d: D. ame-
thystinum (Garrett 53), e-h; D. mullijlorum (Kingdon-Ward 22545).
Pollen grains of the sections Dollinera, Kingianae and Sequax of Desmodium.
X1000. sequax (Sasaki 849), e-h; D. khasianum (Hook, f. &Thoms.
s.n.), i-k: D. Kingianum (Kerr 9086), 1-n: D. elegans (subsp. elegans var.
Handelii. Rock 8517), o-r: D. megaphyllum (o-q: Sorensen et al. 927; r:
Iwatsuki & Fukuoka T.3210).
Arisaema intermedium Blume.
Phuichauki, Kathmandu, 2900 m (May 29, 1969). x5/12.
The same, a female spadix wiih an appcndagi-. x4/5.
Arisaema speciosum Martius.
Tiger Hill, Darjeding, 2450 m(Jul. 26, 1969). x 1/6.
d. A. speciosum var. mirabile Engler, a spathe and axi appendage of spadix.
Tendong Peak, Sikkim, 2900 m (Jun. 29, 1969). x 2/3.
Plate 16. a. Arisaema ostiolalum Hara.
Sabargan, the Singalila Range, 3400 m (Jul. 19, 1969). x 1/3.
b. The same, a longitudinally dissected spathe and a female spadix with an
appendage. X 1.
c. Arisaema propinquum Schott.
Sandakphu, the Singalila Range, 3900 m (Jul. 14, 1969). x 1.
late 17. a. Arisaema costalum YJaWich.
Shioupuri, Kathmandu, 2600 m (Jun. 15, 1969). X5/12.
b. A female spadix with an appendage.
Phuichauki, Kathmandu, 2950 m (Jun. 10, 1969). xl.
c. A part of the underside of leaf showing veins. Magnified.
d. A spathe seen from the back. X2/3.
e. A male spadix. X3/2. c-d, from Thare, Gosainkund, C. Nepal, 2200 m (Jun.
3, 1969).
18. a. Arisaema Jacquemontii Blume.
Tonglu, the Singalila Range, 3000 m (Jul. 12, 1969).
b. Arisaema nepenthoides Martius.
Shioupuri, Kathmandu, 2600m (Jun. 14, 1969).xl.
c. Arisaema ulile Hook. f.
Phuichauki, Kathmandu, 2700 m (May. 29, 1969). x 2/5.
19. a_ Arisaema concinnum Schon.
Shioupuri, Kathmandu, 2600 m (Jun. 14, 1969). X1/3.
b. The same specics.
Meghma—Chitrey, the Singalila Range, 2800 m(Jul. 22, 1969). x 1/4.
c. Arisaema consanguxneum Schott, a narrow-leaved form.
Peshok Road—Ghum, Darjeeling, 2300 m (Jul. 7, 1969). x 1/3.
p d. The same, showing adrooping fruiting peduncle. X1/2.
20. a. Arisaema exappendiculatum Hara.
E. Nepal, cult, in Tokyo (Jun. 21, 1964). x 1/5.
b. The same. X1/2. j- i, • .• ,
c. Arisaema echinalum Schott, an appendage of a spadix showmg an echmulate
apical part. X3/2.
d. The same. i
p. Phuichauki, Kathmandu, 2800 m(Jun. 10, 1969). X1.
^^^21. Photomicrographs of chromosomes. . c- r-i o
a. RanunculuspulcUh, var. Stmchyanm Sabargan the Smgahla Range. X1600.
b. Rauuncutus admifdim. Sandakphu. the Smgahla Range. X1600.
c. Rununcutm Bmherusi. Sandakphu, the Smgahla Range. X1600.
d. Podopkyllum hxandrum. Barshong, Bhutan. X140a
e. PodophjUum he.and,um. Gulmarg, Kashm.r. X1400.
f. Delodmnpodocpum subsp. o.yphyllum. Orch.d Sanctuary, Gangtok, S.kk.m.
p>i X 1900.
22. Photomicrographs ofchromosomes.
a. Panax pseudo-ginseng. Shioupuri, Kathmandu C. NepaL X1300.
b. Panax pseudo-gtnsengvAr. angustij'olius. arjee i
c. The same, PMC, Darjeeling. x 1300.
d. Aucubajapomca. Mt. Katsudake, Okinawa, Ryukyu. x1800.
. Orchis Chusua D. Don.
Phalut, the Singahia Range, 3800 m (Jul. 16, 1969). x 5/4.
Pamassia mysorensis Heyne.
Sandakphu, the Singahia Range, 3900 m (Jul. !5, 1969). x 3/4.
. Pamassia Wightiana Wallich.
Phalut, the Singalila Range, 3800 m (Jul. 16, 1969). x 2/3.
Chrysosplenium singalilense Hara in fruit.
Phalut, the Singalila Range, 3870 m (Jul. 18, 1969). x3/2.
Stilbanthus scandens Hooker f. in flower.
Phyang La, Sikkim, 1700 m (Jul. 1, 1969).
Acomastylus sikkimensis F. Bolle with white nodding flowers.
Sabargan—Phaiut, the Singalila Range, 3700 m (Jul. 16, 1969). X1/3.
Rubus lineatus Reinwardt.
Ghum, Darjeeling, 2300 m (Jul. 7, 1969). x4/5.
Rubus splendidissimus Hara.
Meghma—Chitrey, the Singalila Range, 2800 m (Jul. 22, 1969). X1.
Rubus gigantijlorus Hara.
Tonglu, the Singalila Range, 3000 m (Jul. 12, 1968). x 3/4.
RubusJragarioides Bertoloni.
Sandakphu, the Singahia Range, 3800 m (Jul. 15, 1969). x 1.
Rubus Fockeanus S. Kurz.
Above Sabargan, the Singalila Range, 3500 m (Jul. 16, 1969). X1.
Streptopus simplex D. Don.
Sandakphu, the Singalila Range, 3900 m (Jul. 20, 1969). X3/4.
Cardiocrinum giganleum Makino.
Phulchauki, Kathmandu, 2700 m (Jun. 10, 1969).x 1/2.
The same, x 1/4.
Ophiopogon parviflorus Hara.
Darjeeling, 2200 m (Jul. 24, 1969). x 1.
Polygonalum verticillatum Allioni, a broad-leaved form.
Phalut, the Singalila Range, 3900 m (Jul. 18, 1969). X1/5.
The same, a common Himalayan form with narrower leaves from the same
locality, x 1/4.
Polygonalum singalilense Hara.
Phalut, the Singalila Range, 3900 m (Jul. 18, 1969). x 1/2.
Polygonalum verlicillatum with alternate or opposite leaves.
Sandakphu, the Singaiila Range, 3850 m(Jul. 14, 1969). X5/7.
Pollen grains of the section Dollinera of Desmodium. X1000. a-d; D. ame-
thystinum (Garrett 53), e-h: D. multijiorum (Kingdon-Ward 22545).
ollen grains of the sections Dollinera, Kingianae and Sequax oi Desmodium.
X1000. z.-d-.D. sequax (Sasaki 849), e-h; D.khasianum (Hook. f. &Thoms.
.r.«.), i--k: D. Kingianum (Kerr 9086), 1-n: D. elegans (subsp. elegans var.
Handelii: Rock 8517), o-r: D. megaphyllum (o-q: Sorensen et al. 927; r:
Iwatsuki & Fukuoka T.3210).
Arisaema intermedium Blume.
Phulchauki, Kathmandu, 2900 m (May 29, i969). x5/12.
The same, a female spadix with an appendage. x4/5.
Arisaema speciosum Martius.
Tiger Hill, Darjeeling, 2450 m(Jul. 26, l%9). x 1/6.
d. A. speciosum var. mirabile Engler, a spathe and aji appendage of spadix.
Tendong Peak, Sikkim, 2900 m (Jun. 29, 1969). x 2/3.
Plate J6. a. Arisaema ostiolatumH&Ta..
Sabargan, the Singalila Range, 3400 m (Jul. 19, 1969). x 1/3.
b. The same, a longitudinally dissected spathe and a female spadix with an
appendage. X 1.
c. Arisaemapropinquum Schott.
Sandakphu, the Singalila Range, 3900 m (Jul. 14, 1969).x I.
17. a. Arisaema coslatum Wallich.
Shioupuri, Kathmandu, 2600 m (Jun. 15, 1969). x 5/12.
b. A female spadix with an appendage.
Phulchauki, Kathmandu, 2950 m (Jun. 10, 1969). x 1.
c. A part of the underside of leaf showing veins. Magnified.
d. A spathe seen from the back. X2/3.
e. A male spadix. x 3/2. c-d, from Thare, Gosainkund, C. Nepal, 2200 m (Jun.
3, 1969).
18. a. Arisaema Jacquemoritii Blume.
Tonglu, the Singalila Range, 3000 m (Jul. 12, 1969).
b. Arisaema nepenthoides Martius.
Shioupuri, Kathmandu, 2600 m (Jun. 14, 1969). x I.
c. Arisaema utile Hook. f.
Phulchauki, Kathmandu, 2700 m (May. 29, 1969). x 2/5.
19. a. Arisaema co?icinmm Schott.
Shioupuri, Kathmandu, 2600 m (Jun. 14, 1969). X1/3.
b. The same species.
Meghma—Chitrey, the Singalila Range, 2800 m(Jul. 22, 1969). x 1/4.
c. Arisaema consanguineum Schott, a narrow-leaved form.
Peshok Road—Ghum, Darjeeling, 2300 m (Jul. 7, 1969). x 1/3.
p d. The same, showing adrooping fruiting peduncle. X1/2.
20. a. Arisaema exappendiculalum Hara.
E. Nepal, cult, in Tokyo (Jun. 21, 1964). x 1/5.
b. The same. X 1/2.
c. Arisaema echinalum Schott, an appendage ofa spadix showmg an echmulate
apical part. X3/2.
d. The same. •
Phulchauki, Kathmandu, 2800 m(Jun. 10, 1969). xl.
Photomicrographs of chromosomes.
a. Ranunculuspulchellus var. Stracheyanus Sabargan the Smgahla Range, x1600.
b. Ranunculus adoxifolius. Sandakphu, the Smgalila Range. X1600.
c. Ranunculus Broiherust. Sandakphu, the Smgahla Range. X1600.
d. Podophyllum kexandrum. Barshong, Bhutan. X140a
e. Podophyllum hexandruci. Gulmarg, Kashmir. X1400.
f. DesiLmpodocarpum suhsp. oxyphyllum. Orch.d Sanctuary, Gangtok, S.kkim,
X1900.
^22. Photomicrographs of chromosomes. Nenal x HOO
a. Panax pseudo-gmseng. Shioupun. Kathmandu C. Nepal. X1300.
b. Panax pseudo-ginseng var. mguslifolius. Darjeeling.
c. The same, PMC, Darjeeling. X1300. vlftnn
d. Aucuba japonica. Mt. Katsudakc, Okinawa, Ryu y •
 ?'ate 2.

Aruncus dioicus
subsp. triternalus
Plate 23. Photomicrographs ofchrLotmes ' ^-ge. x2000. It the edge of the forest
'f Rhododendron campanidatum

fe. SB^axsaasarja?^
Poygonatum gramimfolium. Gosainkund, C. Nepal x1500
P.a.e X •-•

b: nuZ ?Sir;aSrfX'»•
c. Darjeeling.xieoo ' X700.
d. ImHookeriana. Sonamarg, Kashmir, x1600 4-

e- ^"^sp. Near Lingshi, Bhutan. X1600

• Iris Clarkez. Tonglu, the Singalila Range. X1600

b. Meconopsis napaulensis f. fusco-purpurea c. Meconopsi> napaulensis

with white flowers

I
 Plate 3

• Benthamidia
capilala

b. Ceropeeia pubescens

a. Primula sikkimensis

b. Begoniaflamfiora
c. Ckirila macrophylla d. Didymocarpus Andersoni

c. Lonicera adenophora
 •«>

-..'r b. Arisaema Criffithii var. verrucosum

Plate a. Arisaema erubescens d. Arisaema ostiolalum

a. Iris Clarkei

•Arisaema coslalum

b. Iris decora

1
I m
 b. Arisaema Grijfilhii var. verrucosum
Plate 6. a. Arisaema erubescens
d. Arisaema ostiolatum

a. Iris Clarkei

c, Arisaema coslaium

b. Iris decora
,3 1

Plate 8.
Plate 7

F-1^

a. Calanthe tricarinata i
r.

b. CaTdiocrinum giganleum

• C^phalanthera ensifolia b. Calanthe tricarinata

a. Galeola Lindleyana

d. Orchis Chusiia
"MPVPI PiDA cfM A r\r- i n» «

P'atc 10.
3- Rvbus liiiealiis

"s splcitdidissimus

Plate 9. a. Parnassia 7nysore>isis

d. Stilbanthu^ scnndens
c. Acomaslxltts sikkimensis
. Ruhus f^iijanli/Jorus

c. Ruhus Fockfanns
frni'arioidcs

b. Parnassia Wighliana

c. Chrysosplenium singalilense
 -

'ilrep/ii/jw; simplex

% Plate 12. a. Polygonatum vcrlicillatum

c. Polygonatum singalilense

b. Polygonatum verticillatum

C-ardiocriiium iiiiiaiileuw d. Polygonatum verltcillaium

(^phiopofion pnrvijhrm

i .
 J ** *

i \9r • >

S'

'- :«•:
a. Arisaema inleimedium

Arisaema .^peciosum ^ ^
speciosum var. mirabile

'°^rna intermedium a femal 1

e SDadix
 ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF HIMALAYAS SFRlFc;

Pate 18.

ma

Plate 17.

a. - c, Artsoemn Chslnltttn ' • '^risaema Jacr/ucmoiilii

c. Arisaema ulile
^irisaema uchenthuidei

-A

} •
 ^ ^ I r\
-
v>
i '\y - d

2^?'{ ^
-D.^

-J\ »s.
'}>r

- -„n-rnnhs c>rchromosoiiios
Plate 21. Pholoinicrograplis of chromosomes. ^ rj
Plate 22. PhnininuD. i ' g ^
. 1 onA •, I iiKtt.s
var. anQustifoliu
^ »OAA
a. Ranunculus putchellus v3.r. Stracheyanus. x 1600. b. Ranunculus aduxifolius. X 1600. c /)seudo-<iin^en^. X1300. , lucubajapanica. xiSOO.
c. Ranunculus Brolherusi. Xl600. d. Podophyllum hexandrum. Xl400. ;j^esamc. PMC:. ••1300. , \.^,,enmh h^dica. x2000.
c. Podophyllum hexandrum. >^1400. f. Desmndiumpodncarpums^jXnp. oxyphyllum. X 1900. ^•y^i-machia proUfera. xl700.
 I v-LwrMcuiM Uh NIMALAYAS SERIES ssa

/"#
'

t *»»

k »v • *>

n\ 6

Plate 24. Photomicrographs of rhromosomcs

a. Trillium Govanianum. X700. b. rr(7/;wi TKlumoskii var. himalaiciim. \ 700,
c. Iris japonica. Xi600. d. Iris Hooketiana. x 1600. c. Ins sp. XIGOO.
^ ^^'•ygonaium av... .
I • • • * * I • H I M 'X M I n
'-'*•• '^"l"»-'o„
/J-.'..-- uMmurnsr.
•"
• """•
f. IrisClarkei. Xl600.

j.' hivl-hyllo suh-^p. vinnnor"!"'

V.'
tNCYCLOPAEDIA OF HIMALAYAS SERIES

MEMBERS AND ITINERARIES

BOTANICAL EXPEDITIONS TO EASTERN HIMALAYA

1967 AND 1969

Members of the March-June 1967 Expedition to Bhutan, DarjeeHng and Central

Nepal.
Hiroshi Hara University of Tokyo
Takasi Yamazaki University of Tokyo
Hiroo Kanai University of Tokyo
Hiroyoshi Ohashi University of Tokyo
Osamu Tanaka University of Tokyo
Gen Murata Kyoto University
Members of the May-July 1969 Expedition to Central Nepal, Sikkim, Darjeel-
ing and Singalila Range.

\
Tibet

Sikkim

o 7
2<^ 1 Bhutan ♦

Khasia

E. Pakistan

1. Thimphu 5. Gosainkund
2. Gangtok 6. Calcutta
3. DarjeeHng 7. Delhi
4. Kathmandu
Fig. 1. Sketch map showing our investigated area and its neighboring regions.
 Itineraries

aJM Tinlegtng lay 26 1967 Nala (3300 m)-Dou Lam Kengchow (3400 m)-.T.atogang
Gor Chun^artg

28 p's^mHThimphu (2450 m)
T&u p«0 ™)^Doch„ La (3200 m)
in ^I f2450 ni)-^Chimakhothi (2350 m)
" ^ cl:Shofhf(235i .)->Phu.tshoii.. (300 .)
3 Phuntsholing (300 m)
4 Phuntsholing Phuntsholing^Hashimara—
ISM Rinehu

6 Darjeeling (2150
7 Darjeeling Darieeling^Ghum (2300 m)
8 Darjeehng _^Xista Bazar (300 m)^Kalimpong (1300 m)
9 Darjeeling
Ytbu Thang
10 Darjeeling-^Calcutta
14 VfAfOry Calcutta-Kathman
15 Kathmandu ^ (1500 m) MTY Patan (1400 m)
KMT Swayambh" Na^ ( ' MO TY Bhudh Nilkantha
16 /fMFBalaju (1300 m) (1400 m)

Singke La

19 P°khara-Kattoiandu
20 Kathmandu m;-
^TY Bodh Nath (1300 m)
Laum Thang
Chawa Cassar^ 21 Kathmandu ^Annm)
Tharini Thang Seanchii Paasa m)^ rKathmandu-
23 KMOY Kathmandu^God Calcutta
-Gokhu La 24 T^I^OOO m)-Badgaon-Kathmandu
25 Nagarkot (2000 m) „i)^Phulchauki (2VOO m)
26 Kathmandu^=iOoaav v
Seajichu Passa V--——"^Coy
Chsbacha
27 Kathmandu-Calcutta
. * * * *
<000 shodu
r. Eastern Himalaya, May-July, 1969.
Bars hong
iJuu Lair
Fourth Botanical Kurosawaf/:;, andHiroyoshi Ohashi fO;.
—
Nala
Ken gc how
—sPe^rali Members: Hiroshi Kara (H), hactiiKo xv
Tiatog«ng
• Tiatogaftg
26 1969 //ifO Kathmandu (1400 m)
Dotanang 27 Kathmandu Botanical Garden)

Fig. 4. Vertical route sections of the second trip of Bhutan in May of 1967. 30 Kathmandu
31 Kathmandu