Advanced Intrusion Detection System for Line of Control (LoC)

Rajesh Kakkar1, Naivedhya Suryawanshi1, Jyoti Prakash Naidu2, Gustavo Sanchez2, Devika Kataria2
1
Global Strategic Technologies Ltd, J.K Organisation, INDIA
E-mail: rajesh.kakkar@jkmail.com, naivedhya@jkmail.com
2
JK Lakshmipat University, INDIA
E-mail: jyotiprakash.naidu@jklu.edu.in, gustavo.sanchez@jklu.edu.in

The Line of Control (LoC) between India and Pakistan is a constant source of intrusion of hostile
elements and terrorists. The LoC runs for several hundred km through difficult terrain and constant
monitoring at a high state of alertness is an extremely demanding and practically impossible task. The
Indian Army is constantly looking for technological solutions to monitor intrusions and respond to them,
and several entities are working towards solutions, e.g. [1].

The task may be divided into a Surveillance system and a Response system. The Surveillance system
needs to provide a constant (24x7) observation solution over the hundreds of km of winding and
undulating LoC, covered by different surfaces from vegetation, trees, snow and streams. It includes
intelligent intrusion detection comprising differentiation between humans, animals and flora movements
due to winds, secure communication of alerts and actual observation from sensor to base camps and
other deployment points.

The Response system needs to provide alerts and intelligent inputs for decision making, point out the
direction and location of the intrusion and its nature. It also has to optionally keep a human in the loop
or allow an automated response. Safeguards to minimize any chance of collateral damage must be in
place in the system design and operational doctrine.

Both the systems have to work in real time and with a very high degree of reliability and resist any
damage due to weather or sabotage. The overall system design includes the power sources, secure
communication channels and maintainability. The two systems have to be fully integrated and while
segmented into operational segments, they have to provide continuity along the entire LoC.

It must be possible for common soldiers to operate and maintain the system after minimal training. The
initial and continuing cost of the system must not be commercially prohibitive and ideally it must be an
entirely Indian designed and manufactured system.

Several parameters need to be considered while designing, developing and deploying an intrusion
detection system. Yang et. al. reported an energy efficient border intrusion detection system using
wireless sensors network [2]. Alkhathami et. al. have also reported use of wireless sensor networks for
border surveillance and intrusion detection [3]. Hildmann and Kovacs reviewed deployment of
unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for deployment as mobile sensing platforms [4].

We have carefully designed a system suitable for the Indian LOC and plans are underway to fabricate a
prototype and test it in the field. The position paper conducts a review of the state-of-the art systems
developed and deployed internationally, and subsequently lays out the broad approach with higher level
details of this system currently under development in India.

References

1. S. Kar, “Soon, Indian Army will stop intrusions using this technology”, ET Tech April 12, 2018. Available online at
https://tech.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/technology/soon-army-will-stop-intrusions-using-this-technology/63724092
Retrieved on 1st August, 2019.
2. T. Yang, D. Mu, W. Hu, and H. Zhang, “Energy-efficient border intrusion detection using wireless sensors network”, m
EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking 2014, 2014:46. Available online at
http://jwcn.eurasipjournals.com/content/2014/1/4 Retrieved on 1st August, 2019.
3. M. Alkhathami, L. Alazzawi, A. Elkateeb, “Border Surveillance And Intrusion Detection Using Wireless Sensor Networks”,
International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology, Vol. 8, Issue 2, pp. 17-29, Apr., 2015.
4. H. Hildmann, E. Kovacs, “ Review: Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) as Mobile Sensing Platforms (MSPs) for
Disaster Response, Civil Security and Public Safety”, Drones 2019, 3(3), 59; Available online at
https://doi.org/10.3390/drones3030059 Retrieved on 1st August, 2019.