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Form 5 Physics MR Theva 25.04.2024
Form 5 Physics MR Theva 25.04.2024
Sir Theva
Always Focus And Be Consistent On Self Improvement.
Constant Practise Will Turn You Into a Specialist.
FIZIK F5 Believe In Yourself!
BAB 2 TEKANAN
PRESSURE
BAB 2 TEKANAN
PRESSURE
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Constant Practise Will Turn You Into a Specialist.
Fluid Pressure
P = hρg
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1. Hitung tekanan maksimum bongkah berjisim 10kg ke atas meja . Believe In Yourself!
Calculate the maximum pressure of a block of mass 10kg on the table.
2. Seorang pelajar menekan satu paku tekan dengan daya 50N pada meja, luas kepala paku tekan ialah
1cm2 manakala luas hujung tajam paku ialah 0.01cm2.
Kira Tekanan:
A student presses a nail with a force of 50N on the table, the area of the head of the nail is 1cm2 while the area of the sharp
end of the nail is 0.01cm2.
Calculate Pressure:
a. Tekanan yang terhasil pada kepala paku tekan.
The resulting pressure on the head of the press nail.
3. Seorang chef menggunakan sebilah pisau dengan mata pisaunya keluasan 0.05cm2 untuk memotong
seketul daging.
A chef uses a knife with a blade area of 0.05cm2 to cut a piece of meat.
a. Daya yang dikenakan oleh chef tersebut ialah 25N hitung tekanan yang terhasil.
The force exerted by the chef is 25N calculate the resulting pressure.
b. Kemudian chef menggunakan pisau pembantunya ,hanya mengenakan daya 20N untuk
menghasilkan tekanan yang sama, hitung luas permukaan mata pisau tersebut.
Then the chef uses his assistant knife, applying only 20N force to produce the same pressure, calculate the
surface area of the blade.
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4. Rajah menunjukkan seekor ikan berada pada kedalaman 2m dalam
sebuah akurium ,ketumpatan air ialah 1050 kg m–3 dan tekanan
atmosfera ialah 100 kPa.
[Pecutan graviti, g = 9.81 m s–2]
The diagram shows a fish at a depth of 2m in an aquarium, the density of water is
1050 kg m – 3 and the atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa.
[Gravitational acceleration, g = 9.81 m s – 2]
(a) Berapakah tekanan yang dialami oleh ikan itu disebabkan oleh air
di sekelilingnya?
How much pressure does the fish experience due to the water around it?
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7. Berapakah tekanan pada kedalaman 24m dalam sebuah tasik.
What is the pressure at a depth of 24m in a lake.
8. Seorang penyelam menyelam sehingga kedalaman 35 m di dalam laut. Berapakah tekanan sebenar yang
bertindak ke atas badannya?
[Ketumpatan air laut, ρ = 1 060 kg m–3, pecutan graviti, g = 9.81 m s–2 dan tekanan atmosfera = 100 kPa]
A diver dives to a depth of 35 m in the sea. What is the actual pressure acting on its body?
[Density of seawater, ρ = 1 060 kg m – 3, gravitational acceleration, g = 9.81 m s – 2 and atmospheric pressure = 100 kPa]
9. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan dua bekas berlainan diisi dengan air. Tekanan air pada titik P dan titik Q
adalah sama.
Diagram below shows two different containers filled with water. The water pressure at point P and point Q are the same.
P Q
[1markah]
Container A Container B
Bekas A Bekas B
(b) Nyatakan satu faktor yang mempengaruhi tekanan air di titik P dan
titik Q.
State one factor that affect the water pressure at point P and Q.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1markah]
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(c) Hitungkan tekanan air pada titik P. [ Ketumpatan air = 1000 kgm-3 ]
Calculate the water pressure at point P. [ Density of water = 1000 kgm-3 ]
[2markah]
Diagram A shows the water spurt when a hole is made near the base of container B.
12 cm
Water
Air
Water spurt
Pancutan air
Container B
Bekas B
z
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Rajah B menunjukkan air dalam bekas B digantikan dengan cecair X yang mempunyai ketumpatan yang
lebih tinggi daripada air. Lakar pancutan cecair X pada rajah B
Diagram above shows the water in container B is replaced by liquid X which has higher density than water.
Sketch the spurt of liquid X in diagram B.
[1markah]
-8-
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2.2 Tekanan Atmosfera
Atmospheric Pressure
Nilai tekanan atmosfera ditentukan oleh Nilai tekanan atmosfera ditentukan oleh
perubahan perubahan isi padu kotak logam separa
ketinggian turus merkuri vakum
The value of atmospheric pressure is The value of atmospheric pressure is
determined by the change mercury column determined by
height volume change of semi -vacuum metal box
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10. Bacaan tekanan darah seorang pesakit ialah 160/100. Berapakah tekanan 160 mm Hg dalam unit Pa?
[Ketumpatan Hg, ρ = 1.36 × 104kg m–3 dan pecutan graviti, g = 9.81 m s–2]
A patient's blood pressure reading is 160/100. What is the pressure of 160 mm Hg in units of Pa?
[Hg density, ρ = 1.36 × 104kg m – 3 and gravitational acceleration, g = 9.81 m s – 2]
11. Tekanan maksimum yang boleh ditahan oleh sebuah tembok di tepi laut ialah 3.6x105 Pa, Berapakah
tekanan pada unit H2O
The maximum pressure that can be withstood by a wall by the sea is 3.6x105 Pa
What is the pressure on the H2O unit
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13. Berapakah tekanan sebenar pada kedalaman 125 m di sebuah
empangan? Nyatakan jawapan anda dalam unit m H2O dan juga pascal.
[Tekanan atmosfera = 10.3 m H2O, ketumpatan air, ρ = 1 000 kg m–3 dan pecutan graviti, g = 9.81 m s–2]
What is the actual pressure at a depth of 125 m in a dam? Specify
your answer in units of m H2O as well as pascal. [Atmospheric pressure = 10.3 m H2O, water density, ρ = 1 000 kg m – 3 and
gravitational acceleration, g = 9.81 m s – 2]
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Gas Pressure
(c) Adakah jawapan yang diperoleh di (a) dan (b) akan berubah jika
tiub kaca manometer itu mempunyai diameter yang lebih besar?
Will the answer obtained in (a) and (b) change if the glass tube of the manometer has a larger
diameter?
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15. Rajah menunjukkan sebuah manometer merkuri yang
digunakan untuk mengukur tekanan di dalam paip
aliran udara.
Figure shows a mercury manometer used to measure the pressure
in an airflow pipe.
(b) Jika tekanan atmosfera adalah 75 cm Hg, berapakah tekanan udara dalam paip dalam unit Pa?
If the atmospheric pressure is 75 cm Hg, what is the air pressure in the pipe in units of Pa?
[Ketumpatan Hg, ρ = 13 600 kg m–3 dan pecutan graviti, g = 9.81 m s–2]
[Hg density, ρ = 13 600 kg m – 3 and gravitational acceleration, g = 9.81 m s – 2]
b. Nyatakan perbezaan antara tekanan gas dan tekanan atmosfera dalam unit m H2O
State the difference between gas pressure and atmospheric pressure in units of m H2O
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17. Sebuah manometer merkuri disambungkan kepada sebuah silinder keluli yang mengandungi gas
termampat. Tekanan gas termampat dan tekanan atmosfera masing-masing ialah 180 kPa dan 101 kPa.
Hitungkan perbezaan ketinggian antara dua turus merkuri dalam manometer itu.
[Ketumpatan, Hg, ρ = 13 600 kg m–3 dan pecutan graviti, g = 9.81 m s–2]
A mercury manometer is connected to a steel cylinder containing compressed gas. The compressed gas pressure and
atmospheric pressure are 180 kPa and 101 kPa, respectively. Calculate the difference in height between the two columns of
mercury in the manometer.
[Density, Hg, ρ = 13 600 kg m – 3 and gravitational acceleration, g = 9.81 m s – 2]
(a) Namakan jenis tekanan yang bertindak pada permukaan air itu.
Name the type of pressure that acts on the surface of water.
……………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………. .
[1markah]
(b) Berdasarkan Rajah (a) dan Rajah (b); bandingkan
Based on the Diagram (a) and Diagram (b); compare
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1markah]
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(ii) Tekanan udara terperangkap dalam baldi.
The pressure of air trapped in the bucket.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1markah]
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1markah]
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1markah]
(c) Apabila daya yang menekan baldi dalam Rajah (b) dihilangkan, baldi itu diperhatikan bergerak
permukaan air semula. Terangkan mengapa baldi itu bergerak ke permukaan air.
When the pushing force that pushes the bucket in Diagram (b) is removed, the bucket moved
upward the water surface again. Explain why the bucket moved upward the water surface.
…………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………..
[3markah]
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2.4 Prinsip Pascal Constant Practise Will Turn You Into a Specialist.
Pascal’s Principle Believe In Yourself!
Prinsip Pascal menyatakan bahawa tekanan yang dikenakan ke atas bendalir tertutup akan dipindahkan secara seragam
ke semua arah dalam bendalir itu.
Pascal’s principle states that the pressure exerted on a closed fluid will be transferred uniformly in all directions in that fluid.
Sistem hidraulik ialah sistem yang menggunakan cecair untuk memindahkan tekanan.
A hydraulic system is a system that uses fluids to transfer pressure.
Ketahanan Haus: Mengandungi komponen anti haus yang membentuk lapisan mengurangkan
keseran pada permukaan logam
Wear Resistance: Contains anti -wear components that form a layer reducing friction on metal surface
Pengoksidaan : Elak tindakbalas dengan Oksigen akibat suhu tinggi membantutkan kualiti
Oxidation: Avoid reaction with Oxygen due to high temperature impairing quality
Kestabilan terma : Tinggi , supaya membentukkan mendakan dan varnis yang memberi
kesan terhadap pengaliran minyak
Thermal stability: High, so as to form precipitates and varnishes affecting oil flow
Mudah ditapis : Ditapis oleh sisitem penapisan terkini tanpa membantutkan kualiti minyak dan
memastikan kuantiti minyak tidak kurang
Easy to filter: Filtered by the latest filtration system without compromising oil quality and ensuring
the quantity of oil is not less
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Keserasian Pengkedap: Memastikan tidak memberi kesan pada bahan yg digunakan sebagai
penutup yang lazim diperbuat dari getah
Seal compatibility: Ensure does not affect the material used as a cover that is commonly made of
rubber
Kestabilan Hidrolitik: Cegah pembentukkan garam tak larut yang membantuk kecekapan
system pendemulsian: mengelak pengemulsian air dan minyak
Hydrolytic Stability: Prevents the formation of insoluble salts that impair system efficiency
demulsion: prevents emulsification of water and oil
Kalis Pembentukkan buih : Memberi kesan pada tekanan permukaan gelembung udara
supaya mudah berpecah.
Foam Formation Resistant: Affects the surface pressure of air bubbles so that they break easily.
- 17 -
Always Focus And Be Consistent On Self Improvement.
Constant Practise Will Turn You Into a Specialist.
Believe In Yourself!
- 18 -
Always Focus And Be Consistent On Self Improvement.
Constant Practise Will Turn You Into a Specialist.
Believe In Yourself!
- 19 -
Always Focus And Be Consistent On Self Improvement.
Constant Practise Will Turn You Into a Specialist.
Believe In Yourself!
23. Huraikan bagaimana sebuah mesin hidraulik mencapai pengandaan daya dengan mengaplikasi Prinsip
Pascal
Describe how a hydraulic machine achieves power gain by applying the Pascal Principle
24. Dalam suatu sistem hidraulik, daya input 4.0N bertindak pada omboh dengan luas permukaan 0.50cm2.
Hitung daya output yang terhasil pada omboh dengan keluasan permukaan 6.4cm2.
In a hydraulic system, an input force of 4.0N acts on a piston with a surface area of 0.50cm2. Calculate the resulting output power on a
piston with a surface area of 6.4cm2.
25. Seorang murid mempunyai sebuah picagari kecil dengan diameter omboh 1.5cm2. Murid itu ingin membina
sebuah sistem hidraulik yang dapat menggandakan daya daripada 6N kepada 72N. Berapakah diameter bagi
picagari besar yang diperlukan untuk sistem hidraulik itu?
A pupil has a small syringe with a piston diameter of 1.5cm2. The student wants to build a hydraulic system that can double the force
from 6N to 72N. What is the diameter of the large syringe required for the hydraulic system?
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[ 1 mark/ markah]
(i) Kaedah supaya daya yang kecil sahaja dikenakan pada omboh A.
Method so that only small force is applied at piston A.
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(iv) Saiz piston
Size of pistons
Daya apungan ialah daya yang bertindak ke atas apabila terdapat perbezaan tekanan
antara permukaan atas dengan permukaan bawah suatu objek yang terendam di dalam suatu cecair.
Buoyancy is a force that acts upwards when there is a pressure difference between the upper surface and the lower surface of an
object immersed in an liquid.
Prinsip Archimedes
Principle of Archimedes
Objek yang terendam sebahagian atau sepenuh di dalam suatu bendalir mengalami daya apungan yang sama dengan daya
berat bendalir yang disesarkan
An object that is partially or completely immersed in a fluid experiences a buoyancy equal to the weight of the fluid being displaced
- 22 -
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28. Rajah menunjukkan garis L pada sebuah bot. Isi padu bot di
bawah garis tersebut ialah 2.8 m3.Jisim bot ialah 600 kg.
Berapakah berat muatan maksimum yang boleh dibawa oleh
bot itu?
Figure shows the L line on a boat. The volume of the boat below that line is 2.8 m3.
The mass of the boat is 600 kg. What is the maximum load weight that the boat can carry?
[Water density, ρ = 1 000 kg m – 3 and gravitational acceleration, , g = 9.81 m s – 2]
- 23 -
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29. Gambar foto menunjukkan sebuah rakit terapung di laut. Jisim rakit itu ialah
54 kg dan ketumpatan air laut ialah 1 080 kg m–3. [Pecutan graviti, g = 9.81 m s–2]
Photo shows a raft floating in the sea. The mass of the raft is 54 kg and the density of seawater is
1 080 kg m – 3. [Gravitational acceleration, , g = 9.81 m s – 2]
(a) Berapakah berat rakit itu?
What is the weight of the raft?
(b) Bandingkan berat rakit itu dengan berat air laut yang
disesarkan.
Compare the weight of the raft with the weight of the displaced seawater.
30.Rajah menunjukkan sebuah bongkah berjisim 0.48 kg dengan isi padu 5.0
× 10–4 m3 , dipegang di dalam air. Tentukan gerakan bongkah itu apabila
dilepaskan. [Ketumpatan air, ρ = 1 000 kg m–3 dan pecutan graviti, g = 9.81 m s–2]
The figure shows a block of mass 0.48 kg with a volume of 5.0 × 10–4 m3, held in water.
Determine the motion of the block when released. [Water density, ρ = 1 000 kg m – 3 and
gravitational acceleration, g = 9.81 m s – 2]
- 24 -
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31. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan sebuah kapal nelayan yang berisi
muatan terapung di permukaan laut.
Diagram below shows afishing vessel filled with goods floating in the sea.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1markah]
………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………. [1markah]
(c) Apabila kapal memasuki muara sungai, adakah paras air pada
sampan akan melebihi tanda “A” pada Rajah di atas. Terangkan jawapan anda.
When the vessel entering a river mouth, will the water level on the boat be above mark “A” in
Diagram above. Explain your answer.
………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………
[3markah]
(d) Jika ketumpatan air di muara sungai 1000 kgm-3 dan jumlah jisim sampan, lelaki dan
muatan ialah 530 kg, hitungkan isipadu air yang disesarkan.
If the density of water at river mouth is 1000 kgm-3 and the total mass of the boat, man and goods is 530 kg, calculate the
volume of the water displaced.
[2markah]
- 25 -
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Prinsip Bernoulli menyatakan pabila halaju pengaliran sebuah bendalir bertambah, tekanan dalam bendalir akan berkuran dan
sebaliknya
Bernoulli's principle states that as the flow velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure in the fluid decreases and vice versa
- 26 -
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32. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan suatu keratan rentas bagi sayap sebuah pesawat udara yang sedang bergerak.
Sayap pesawat udara itu mengalami daya angkat.
Diagram below shows cross-sectional of a wing of a moving aeroplane. The wing of aeroplane experiences a lift force.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1markah]
[1markah]
- 27 -
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33. Rajah (a) menunjukkan kapal terbang kecil. Rajah (b) menunjukkan keratan
rentas sayap kapal terbang tersebut.
Diagram (a) shows a small aircraft. Diagram (b) shows a cross section of the aircraft’s wings.
Rajah (b)
Diagram (b)
- 28 -
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Believe In Yourself!
(a) Namakan benuk keratan rentas bagi sayap kapal terbang.
Name the shape of the cross section of the aircraft wings.
[ 1 mark/ markah]
(b) Kapal terbang itu terangkat semasa terbang disebabkan adanya perbezaan tekanan udara di antara
bahagian atas dan bawah sayapnya.
The aircraft is lifted when flying due to a difference pressure of the air between the upper and bottom sides of the wings.
[ 3 marks/ markah]
(ii) Namakan prinsip yang terlibat dalam jawapan anda untuk (b)(i).
Name the principle involved in your answer in (b)(i).
[ 1 mark/ markah]
- 29 -
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(d) Jadual di bawah menunjukkan ciri-ciri bagi empat rekabentuk bagi sayap kapal terbang.
Table below shows the characteristic of four designs of the aircraft wings.
Anda dikehendaki memilih sayap yang sesuai untuk dipasang bersama badan kapal terbang.
You are requested to choose a suitable wing to be installed with the body of the aircraft.
Dengan merujuk kepada maklumat yang diberikan dalam jadual di atas, terangkan kesesuaian setiap ciri dan
cadangkan sayap yang paling sesuai untuk dipasang bersama badan kapal terbang tersebut.
By referring to the information given n table above, explain the suitability of each characteristic and suggest the most suitable
wing to be installed with the body of the aircraft.
[ 10 mark/ markah]
- 30 -
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(e) Sebuah syarikat pemasangan kapal terbang memilih sayap P untuk dipasang pada pesawatnya
yang berjisim maksimum 800 kg.
An aircraft installation department chooses wing P to be installed with its aircrafts which has maximum mass 800 kg.
(i) Beza tekanan udara antara bawah sayap di atasnya ialah 500 Nm-2. Kirakan daya angkat
yang bertindak pada sayap.
The different pressure between below and above the wing is 500 Nm-2.
Calculate the lift force exerted to the wing.
[ 2 marks/ markah]
(ii) Tentukan daya paduan dan arahnya yang bertindak terhadap sayap kapal terbang
tersebut.
Determine the resultant force and its direction that exerted to the wing of the aircraft.
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NOTES : Constant Practise Will Turn You Into a Specialist.
Believe In Yourself!
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