www.surgetec.co.

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Resistive Current Analyzer

for Surge Arrester

RCA 2000
CONTENTS

01. Necessity of Surge Arrester Diagnosis 02.

02. Characteristics of Surge Arrester Leakage Current 02.

03. Deterioration Factor of Surge Arrester 03.

04. Diagnostic Technology for Surge Arrester 04.

05. Resistive Current Measurement Technology 05.

06. Technical Specifications 06.

 World-class high accuracy diagnostic equipment for Surge arrester

01. Necessity of Surge Arrester Diagnosis

① Prevention of blackout due to unexpected surge arrester failure

· The surge arrester is installed between the electirc power line and ground, and in the event
of a surge arrester failure, it is extended to the blackout accident due to ground fault.

② Maintenance cost reduction for surge arrester

· Cost reduction by replacing the current time-based maintenance with condition diagnosis
based maintenance by precise diagnosis.

10.5 pt

- 345kV Surge Arrester Failure - - 154kV Surge Arrester Failure - - 23kV Surge Arrester Failure -

2. Characteristics of Surge Arrester Leakage Current

Total leakage current = Capacitive current + Resistive current

① Gapless type surge arrester generates low leakage current during operation

② Total leakage current(It) is the vector composition of capacitive(Ic) and resistive current(Ir)
· Capacitive current(Ic) is the majority of leakage current (It, 0.2~3mA), and it maintains
a constant value until reaching the lifespan.

· The resistive current(Ir) is surge arrester failure factor and a low value at the beginning,
but increases as deteriorated (10〜600㎂).

- Interior layout of arrester - - Equivalent circuit - - Waveform diagram of leakage current -

Resistive Current Analyzer for Surge Arrester ㅣ 02

 3. Deterioration Factor of Surge Arrester

① Cause of deterioration
· Aging deterioration by overvoltage from lightning or surge and continuous operating
voltage stress.

· Premature deterioration by internal defects of zinc oxide components, and absorption

of environmental moisture penetration.

② Deterioration process
· As resistive current increases, temperature rises, and the increased temperature
deteriorates the arrester.

③ Result of deterioration
· Thermal runaway occurs if heat dissipation is exceeded to the limit due to temperature rise.
· Surge arrester explosion accident due to thermal runaway, and blackout caused by
a ground fault between the power line and ground.

① Cause of deterioration ② Deterioration process ③ Result of deterioration

Total leakage-
Overvoltage current
Aging Thermal
Tempera-
Operating deterioration Capacitive current ture↑ runaway
voltage (constancy)

Resistive current↑

Internal defect Explosion

Premature
Moisture deterioration Resistive Ground fault
absorption Temperature↑
current↑
Blackout accident

- Deterioration process of Surge Arrester -

Operating voltage Surge Partial discharge Moisture absorption

Aging deterioration Premature deterioration

Deterioration
factor

Deterioration

Resistance current constant Resistance current increases

Condition
diagnosis Thermal runaway
Normal Breakdown

- Deterioration Factor of Surge Arrester -

03ㅣ RCA2000
 World-class high accuracy diagnostic equipment for Surge arrester

4. Diagnostic Technology for Surge Arrester

Diagnostic method for surge arrester in accordance with the international

standard (IEC 60099-5)
· On-site diagnosis of surge arresters is temperature measurement, loss measurement,
leakage current measurement (total leakage current, harmonics, resistive current)

Harmonics Phase Information Handling Service

Leakage current measurement method in the voltage shift quality complexity experience

① Measurement of total leakage current extensive

② Using third harmonics

Harmonics
analysis of extensive
Using third harmonics
leakage current with compensation

Using voltage reference

③Measurement limited
of resistive Using capacitor compensation
leakage current
Using synthetic compensation not applicable

[ On-site Measurement of Surge Arrester(IEC-60099-5) ]

① Measurement of total leakage current

· Capacitive current is most, and the resistive current is very low. This method is unsuitable
for accurate condition diagnosis.

② Third harmonics analysis of leakage current

· Indirect measurement method of resistive current by measuring the third harmonic wave
generated due to nonlinear characteristics when a resistive current flows.

· When harmonics included in the system voltage are introduced, a large error occurs
in the harmonics measurement generated by the surge arrester.

③ Measurement of resistive current

· Resistive current has high accuracy as an failure factor, but it is hard to use for practical
purposes due to difficulties in applying voltage in the field.

· Development of accurate resistive current measurement technology without applying

voltage in the field.

Total

Fundamental

Harmonic 3

Harmonic 5

Harmonic 7
50µA 200µA
Harmonic 9

Total leakage current measurement 3rd-harmonic measurement Resistive current measurement

Resistive Current Analyzer for Surge Arrester ㅣ 04

 5. Resistive Current Measurement Technology

Detection principle of resistive current

· As total leakage current is transformed by Fourier series, it detect capacitive current (Ic)
in cosine and resistive current (Ir) in sine term.
9 9

It =∑ancos(nωt) +∑ bnsin(nωt)
du
It = Ic + Ir = C dt + kuα
n=1 n=1

leakage Condition
current diagnosis

Analysis

Condition diagnosis of surge arrester

· Resistive leakage current is 10µA to 600µA peak in the normal operating condition(20℃).

· Resistive leakage current limit of the arrester manufacturers is typically 100µA to 500µA.

· When the measured value of resistive leakage current is increased by 3 to 4 times

the initial value, it is judged to be in a deteriorated state.

· Condition diagnosis by identifying change trends through periodic resistive leakage current
measurement.

· Premature deterioration is analyzed from the fundamental wave of resistive current,

and the aging deterioration is analyzed from the 3rd harmonics of resistive current.

On-site diagnosis

05ㅣ RCA2000
 World-class high accuracy diagnostic equipment for Surge arrester

06. Technical Specifications

· fundamental harmonic(60Hz)
Total leakage current (It)
· harmonics(3rd · 5th · 7th · 9th)

· fundamental harmonic(60Hz)
Leakage Capacitive current (Ic)
· harmonics(3rd · 5th · 7th · 9th)
current
Measurement measuring
item · fundamental harmonic(60Hz)
Resistive current(Ir) · harmonics(3rd · 5th · 7th · 9th)
· Peak value

Measuring
Minimum 0.03[mA] ~ maximum 10[mA]
range

Processing
Octa Core (2.8[GHz]+2.4[Ghz]+1.7[Ghz])
speed
Micro
Processor
Memory 128[GB], RAM : 6[GB]

Size 10.5 inch

Monitor Resolution 2560×1600

Pixel Super AMOLED Screen

CT Inside diameter Clamp Type Φ40[mm](1.57 [in])

Condition
Normal, Caution, Defect
Data judgment
Administration
Diagnostic Draw up, Save
reports

Size 16.44 X 13.00 X 6.82[in]

Enclosure
Weight 6[kg]

Resistive Current Analyzer for Surge Arrester ㅣ 06

 Research Institute Company designated
by the Ministry of Science and ICT

World-class high accuracy

A company specialized for the surge

arrester diagnostic equipment
(Patent registered in Korea and pending in U.S.)

407, Innobizpark, 1646, Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

T +82-70-7677-7903 F +82-504-030-2184 www.surgetec.co.kr