en.surgetec.co.

kr

Resistive Current Analyzer

for Metal Oxide Surge Arrester

RCA2000 RCA1500 RCA1000

CONTENTS

1. Necessity of Surge Arrester Diagnosis 02

2. Characteristics of Surge Arrester Leakage Current 02

3. Deterioration Factor of Surge Arrester 03

4. Diagnostic Technology for Surge Arrester 04

5. Resistive Current Measurement Technology 05

6. Technical Specifications 06
 World-class high accuracy diagnostic equipment for Surge arrester

1. Necessity of Surge Arrester Diagnosis

① Prevention of blackout due to unexpected surge arrester failure

· The surge arrester is installed between the electric power line and ground, and in the event
of a surge arrester failure, it is extended to the blackout accident due to ground fault.

② Maintenance cost reduction for surge arrester

· Cost reduction by replacing the time-based maintenance with condition diagnosis
based maintenance by precise diagnosis.

345kV Surge Arrester Failure 154kV Surge Arrester Failure 23kV Surge Arrester Failure

2. Characteristics of Surge Arrester Leakage Current

Total leakage current( It )

· Total leakage current is a vector composition of capacitive(Ic) and resistive current(Ir).

Capacitive current( Ic )
· Charging current of surge arrester, majority of leakage current(0.2~3.0㎃), maintains
a constant value until reaching the deterioration end state.

Resistive current( Ir )
· Resistive current is surge arrester failure factor, increases as deteriorated.
· Resistive current below 20%(10~600㎂) of the capacitive current, harmonics are generated.

600

400

200

-200

-400

-600

Ic Ir It u

Interior layout of arrester Equivalent circuit Waveform diagram of leakage current

Resistive Current Analyzer for Surge Arrester ㅣ 02

 3. Deterioration Factor of Surge Arrester

① Cause of deterioration
· Aging deterioration by overvoltage from lightning or surge and continuous operating
voltage stress.

· Premature deterioration by internal defects of zinc oxide components, and absorption

of environmental moisture penetration.

② Deterioration process
· As resistive current increases, temperature rises, and the increased temperature
deteriorates the arrester.

③ Result of deterioration
· Thermal runaway occurs if heat dissipation is exceeded to the limit due to temperature rise.

· Surge arrester explosion accident due to thermal runaway, and blackout caused by
a ground fault between the power line and ground.

① Cause of deterioration ② Deterioration process ③ Result of deterioration

Total leakage-
Overvoltage current
Aging Thermal
Tempera-
Operating deterioration Capacitive current ture↑ runaway
voltage (constancy)

Resistive current↑

Internal defect Explosion

Premature
Moisture deterioration Resistive Ground fault
absorption Temperature↑
current↑
Blackout accident

Deterioration process of Surge Arrester

Surge arrester voltage-current curve

· Resistive current is more sensitive to voltage rise than capacitive current(Ic).

· The ratio(U/Ur) of operating voltage(U) to lightning arrester rated voltage(Ur) is from 0.5 to 0.8 PU.

1.2

1.0

0.8
U/Ur

0.6

0.4

AC resistive, +20℃
0.2
AC capacitive
0.0
0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 Current (㎃)

Voltage-current curve

03ㅣ RCA2000 · RCA1500 · RCA1000

 World-class high accuracy diagnostic equipment for Surge arrester

4. Diagnostic Technology for Surge Arrester

On-stie diagnosis of surge arrester (IEC 60099-5)

· Leakage current measurement uses total leakage current measurement and harmonic
measurement, and resistive current measurement is difficult to apply in the field.
Sensitivity Diagnostic efficiency
IEC 60099-5 Service
Method Harmonics Signal
experience
Leakage current measurement method Phase Surface Information handling
in the voltage shift currents quality complexity

· Measurement of Total leakage current low low mean low low extensive

· Measurement of Resistive Leakage current

· Using voltage reference A1 mean high high mean high limited

· Using capacitor compensation A2 mean high high mean high limited

· Using synthetic compensation A3 mean high high mean low n.i.a

· Using capacitive current cancellation A4 high high high low low limited

· Using resistive current detection low low low high low New tech

· Harmonic analysis of leakage current

· Using third harmonic B1 high low low middle low extensive

· Using third harmonic with compensation B2 low low low high middle extensive

· Using first order harmonic B3 low high high middle high limited

① Leakage current measurement

· The capacitive current is mostly large and the resistive current is small, so it is not sensitive to
resistive current increases.

② Harmonic analysis of leakage current(Method B)

· Indirect measurement of resistive current due to harmonic generation when resistive current
flows due to the non-linear characteristics of zinc oxide elements.

③ Measurement of Resistive Leakage current(Method A)

· Lightning arrester accident factors indicate the deterioration state accurately, but it is difficult
to apply voltage in the field.

Total

Fundamental

Harmonic 3

Harmonic 5

Harmonic 7
50µA 200µA
Harmonic 9

Leakage current vector 3rd-harmonic measurement Resistive current waveform

Resistive Current Analyzer for Surge Arrester ㅣ 04

 5. Resistive Current Measurement Technology

Detection principle of resistive current

· Using phase detection technology without measuring voltage.

· The total leakage current is expanded into a Fourier Series at the voltage zero point.
· The sine term, which is in phase, is separately detected as the resistive current.

Normal Deterioration
du
It = Ic + Ir = C dt + kuα
9

U=∑Umsin(mωt) (m=1, 3, 5, 7, 9)
m=1

9 9

It =∑amcos(mωt) +∑ bmsin(mωt)
m=1 m=1

Diagnosis of surge arrester

Leakage Condition
current diagnosis

Analysis

Diagnosis of surge arrester

Resistive leakage current is 10㎂ to 600㎂ peak in the normal opera-

IEC 60099-5
tion condition.

Arrester
Resistive leakage current limit is typically 100㎂ to 500㎂.
manufacturer

Arrester is judged to be in deteriorated condition, when resistive

leakage current increase 3 ~ 4 times the initial value.

Premature deterioration is analyzed from the fundamental wave of

Academic data resistive current, and the aging deterioration is analyzed from the
3rd harmonics of resistive current.

Condition diagnosis by identifying change trends through periodic

resistive leakage current measurement.

05ㅣ RCA2000 · RCA1500 · RCA1000

 World-class high accuracy diagnostic equipment for Surge arrester

6. Technical Specifications

Diagnosis of deterioration status through analysis of resistance

General
current size and leakage current waveform.

· Fundamental
Total leakage current (It)
· Harmonics(3rd · 5th · 7th · 9th)
Leakage
· Fundamental
current
Resistive current(Ir) · Harmonics(3rd · 5th · 7th · 9th)
· Peak value(Irp)
Measurement
Range Minimum 0.05[㎃] ~ Maximum 10[㎃]

Total leakage current : Within ±1% from 0.1㎃ to 10㎃

Accuracy
Resistive current : Within ±5% from 50㎂ to 3,000㎂

Compensation Standard Temperature(20℃), Grid Voltage

ITEM RCA 2000 RCA 1500 RCA 1000

Leakage Current Leakage Current Leakage Current

Input
Input Voltage(option) - -

Communication Wire Wireless Wire

Leakage current Leakage current

-
waveform diagram waveform diagram
Measurement
data It, Irp, harmonics It, Irp, harmonics It, Irp

Display Diagnostic report Diagnostic report Diagnostic report

Size(in) 10.5 10.5 3.5

Resolution(pixels) 2560×1600 2560×1600 320×480

Screen Super Amoled Super Amoled Multi touch LCD

USB 3.1, USB 3.1,

PC Connectivity USB 3.1
Bluetooth 5.0, Wi-fi Bluetooth 5.0, Wi-fi

Processing speed Octa Core, 2.8[㎓] Octa Core, 2.8[㎓] Dual Core, 40[㎒]
Micro
Processor Memory 128[GB], RAM:6[GB] 128[GB], RAM:6[GB] 16[GB]

CT Diameter(㎜) Clamp Type Φ40 Clamp Type Φ40 Clamp Type Φ40

Power Rechargeable Battery 7040[mAh] 7040[mAh] 4000[mAh]

AC 100 ~ 240V AC 100 ~ 240V AC 100 ~ 240V

Battery Charger
50 ~ 60㎐ 50 ~ 60㎐ 50 ~ 60㎐

Environment -10°C to 50°C -10°C to 50°C -10°C to 50°C

IP protection Closed lid IP 67 Closed lid IP 67 Closed lid IP 54

Size(㎜) 418×330×173 418×330×173 330×260×73

Enclosure
Weight(㎏) 6.0 1.3 0.9

Resistive Current Analyzer for Surge Arrester ㅣ 06

 Research Institute Company designated
by the Ministry of Science and ICT

World-class high accuracy

A company specialized for the surge

arrester diagnostic equipment
(Patent registered in Korea and USA)

RCA2000 RCA1500 RCA1000

407, Innobizpark, 1646, Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

T +82-70-7677-7903 F +82-504-030-2184 en.surgetec.co.kr