Question 1.

Differentiate between molarity and molality of a solution. (All India 2010)

Question 2.
What type of semiconductor is obtained when silicon is doped with arsenic? (Delhi 2010)

Question 3.
What is meant by ‘reverse osmosis’? (All India 2011)

Question 4.
What are isotonic solutions? (Delhi 2014)

Question 5.
Some liquids on mixing form ‘azeotropes’. What are ‘azeotropes’? (Delhi 2014)

Question 6.
What type of intermolecular attractive interaction exists in the pair of methanol and acetone?
(Delhi 2014)

Question 7.
Out of BaCl2 and KCl, which one is more effective in causing coagulation of a negatively
charged colloidal Sol? Give reason. (Delhi 2015)

Question 8.
Differentiate between molality and molarity of a solution. What is the effect of change in
temperature of a solution on its molality and molarity? (Delhi 2009)

Question 9.
Non-ideal solutions exhibit either positive or negative deviations from Raoult’s law. What are
these deviations and why are they caused? Explain with one example for each type. (Delhi
2010)

Question 10.
Define the terms, ‘osmosis’ and ‘osmotic pressure’.
What is the advantage of using osmotic pressure as compared to other colligative properties
for the determination of molar masses of solutes in solutions? (All India 2010)
Question 11.
A 1.00 molal aqueous solution of trichloroacetic acid (CCl3COOH) is heated to its boiling
point. The solution has the boiling point of 100.18°C. Determine the van’t Hoff factor for
trichloroacetic acid. (Kb for water = 0.512 K kg mol-1) (Delhi 2012)

Question 12.
Define the following terms :
(i) Mole fraction
(ii) Isotonic solutions
(iii) van’t Hoff factor
(iv) Ideal solution (Delhi 2012)

Question 13.
Explain why aquatic species are more comfortable in cold water rather than in warm water.
(Comptt. Delhi 2012)

Question 14.
State Raoult’s law. How is it formulated for solutions of non-volatile solutes? (Comptt. Delhi
2012)

Question 15.
State Henry’s law and mention two of its important applications. (Comptt. All India 2012)

Question 16.
Why do gases nearly always tend to be less soluble in liquids as the temperature is raised?
(Comptt. All India 2012)

Question 17.
18 g of glucose, C6H12O6 (Molar mass – 180 g mol-1) is dissolved in 1 kg of water in a sauce
pan. At what temperature will this solution boil? (Kb for water = 0.52 K kg mol-1, boiling
point of pure water = 373.15 K) (Delhi 2013)

Question 18.
An aqueous solution of sodium chloride freezes below 273 K. Explain the lowering in
freezing points of water with the help of a suitable diagram. (Comptt. Delhi 2013)

Question 19.
Derive expression for Raoult’s law when the solute is non-volatile. (Comptt. Delhi 2013)
Question 20.
Calculate the mass of compound (molar mass = 256 g mol-1) to be dissolved in 75 g of
benzene to lower its freezing point by 0.48 K (Kf = 5.12 K kg mol-1). (Delhi 2014)

Question 21.
Define an ideal solution and write one of its characteristics. (Delhi 2014)

Question 22.
State Henry’s law. What is the effect of temperature on the solubility of a gas in a liquid?
(Delhi 2014)

Question 23.
State Raoult’s law for the solution containing volatile components. What is the similarity
between Raoult’s law and Henry’s law? (Delhi 2014)

Question 24.
How is the vapour pressure of a solvent affected when a non-volatile solute is dissolved in it?
(Comptt. Delhi 2014)

Question 25.
Differentiate between molarity and molality of a solution. How can we change molality value
of a solution into molarity value? (Comptt. Delhi 2014)

Question 26.
What is meant by positive deviations from Raoult’s law? Give an example. What is the sign
of ∆mixH for positive deviation? (Delhi 2015)

Question 27.
Define azeotropes. What type of azeotrope is formed by positive deviation from Raoult’s
law? Given an example. (Delhi) 2015

Question 28.
(i) On mixing liquid X and liquid Y, volume of the resulting solution decreases. What type of
deviation from Raoult’s law is shown by the resulting solution? What change in temperature
would you observe after mixing liquids X and Y?
(ii) What happens when we place the blood cell in water (hypotonic solution)? Give reason.
(All India 2015)

Question 29.
Define osmotic pressure of a solution. How is the osmotic pressure related to the
concentration of a solute in a solution? (Comptt. Delhi 2015)

Question 30.
Define the following terms :
(i) Mole fraction (x)
(ii) Molality of a solution (m) (Comptt. All India 2015)

Question 31.
(i) Gas (A) is more soluble in water than Gas
(B) at the same temperature. Which one of the two gases will have the higher value of
KH(Henry’s constant) and why?
(ii) In non-ideal solution, what type of deviation shows the formation of maximum boiling
azeotropes? (All India 2016)

Question 32.
What is osmotic pressure? Why it is a colligative property? (Comptt Delhi 2016)

Question 33.
Define osmotic pressure. How is osmotic pressure related to the concentration of a solute in a
solution? (Comptt. All India 2016)
\

Question 34.
Define the following terms: (Delhi 2017)
(i) Colligative properties
(ii) Molality (m)

Question 35.
Define the following terms:
(i) Abnormal molar mass
(ii) van’t Hoff factor (i) (Delhi 2017)

Question 36.
Define the following terms:
(i) Ideal solution
(ii) Molarity (M) (Delhi 2017)

Question 37.
Explain why on addition of 1 mol of glucose to 1 litre of water, the boiling point of water
increases. (Comptt. Delhi 2017)

Question 38.
100 mg of a protein is dissolved in just enough water to make 10.0 mL of solution. If this
solution has an osmotic pressure of 13.3 mm Hg at 25°C, what is the molar mass of the
protein?
(R = 0.0821 L atm mol-1 K-1 and 760 mm Hg = 1 atm.) (Delhi & All India 2009)

Question 39.
Calculate the freezing point depression expected for 0.0711 m aqueous solution of Na2S04. If
this solution actually freezes at – 0.320°C, what would be the value of Van’t Hoff factor? (Ky
for water is 1.86°C mol-1) (Delhi 2009)

Question 40.
A solution prepared by dissolving 1.25 g of oil of winter green (methyl salicylate) in 99.0 g
of benzene has a boiling point of 80.31°C. Determine the molar mass of this compound. (B.P.
of pure benzene = 80.10°C and Kb for benzene = 2.53°C kg mol-1) (Delhi 2010)

Question 41.
A solution of glycerol (C3H8O3; molar mass = 92 g mol-1) in water was prepared by dissolving
some glycerol in 500 g of water. This solution has a boiling point of 100.42 °C. What mass of
glycerol was dissolved to make this solution? Kb for water = 0.512 K kg mol-1. (Delhi 2010)

Question 42.
What mass of NaCl (molar mass = 58.5 g mol-1) must be dissolved in 65 g of water to lower
the freezing point by 7.5°C? The freezing point depression constant, Kf, for water is 1.86 K
kg mol-1. Assume van’t Hoff factor for NaCl is 1.87. (All India 2010)

Question 43.
What mass of ethylene glycol (molar mass = 62.0 g mol-1) must be added to 5.50 kg of water
to lower the freezing point of water from 0° C to -10.0° C? (K, for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1)?
(All India 2010)

Question 44.
15 g of an unknown molecular substance was dissolved in 450 g of water. The resulting
solution freezes at -0.34° C. What is the molar mass of the substance?
(Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1). (All India 2010)

Question 45.
What mass of NaCl must be dissolved in 65.0 g of water to lower the freezing point of water
by 7.5°C? The freezing point depression constant (Kf) for water is 1.86°C/m. Assume van’t
Hoff factor for NaCl is 1.87. (Molar mass of NaCl = 58.5 g) (All India 2011)

Question 46.
Calculate the amount of KCl which must beadded to 1 kg of water so that the freezing point
is depressed by 2K. (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1) (Delhi 2012)

Question 47.
A solution of glycerol (C3H8O3) in water was prepared by dissolving some glycerol in 500 g
of water. This solution has a boiling point of 100.42 °C while pure water boils at 100 °C.
What mass of glycerol was dissolved to make the solution? (Delhi 2012)
.
Question 48.
15.0 g of an unknown molecular material was dissolved in 450 g of water. The resulting
solution was found to freeze at -0.34 °C. What is the molar mass of this material? (K f for
water = 1.86 K kg mol-1) (Delhi 2012)

Question 49.
A solution containing 30 g of non-volatile solute exactly in 90 g of water has a vapour
pressure of 2.8 kPa at 298 K. Further 18 g of water is added to this solution. The new vapour
pressure becomes 2.9 kPa at 298 K. Calculate
(i) the molecular mass of solute and
(ii) vapour pressure of water at 298 K. (Comptt. Delhi 2012)

Question 50.
If N2 gas is bubbled through water at 293K, how many millimoles of N2 gas would dissolve in
1 litre of water? Assume that N2 exerts a partial pressure of 0.987 bar. Given that Henry’s law
constant for N2 at 293K is 76.48 k bar. (Comptt. All India 2012)

Question 51.
The partial pressure of ethane over a saturated solution containing 6.56 × 10-2 g of ethane is 1
bar. If the solution contains 5.0 × 10-2 g of ethane, then what will be the partial pressure of the
gas? (Comptt. All India 2012)

Question 52.
Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 2.5 × 10-2 g of K2SO4 in
2L of water at 25° C, assuming that it is completely dissociated.
(R = 0.0821 L atm K-1 mol-1, Molar mass of K2SO4= 174 g mol-1). (Delhi 2013)

Question 53.
The partial pressure of ethane over a saturated solution containing 6.56 × 10-2 g of ethane is 1
bar. If the solution were to contain 5.0 × 10-2 g of ethane, then what will be the partial
pressure of the gas? (Comptt. Delhi 2013)

Question 54.
Some ethylene glycol, HOCH2CH2OH, is added to your car’s cooling system along with 5 kg
of water. If the freezing point of a water-glycol solution is -15.0°C, what is the boiling point
of the solution?
(Kb = 0.52 K kg mol-1 and Kf = 1.86 K kg mol-1 for water) (Comptt. Delhi 2014)

Question 55.
3.9 g of benzoic acid dissolved in 49 g of benzene shows a depression in freezing point of
1.62 K. Calculate the Van’t Hoff factor and predict the nature of solute (associated or
dissociated).
(Given : Molar mass of benzoic acid = 122 g mol-1, Kf for benzene = 4.9 K kg mol-1) (Delhi
2015)

Question 56.
A solution is prepared by dissolving 10 g of non-volatile solute in 200 g of water. It has a
vapour pressure of 31.84 mm Hg at 308 K. Calculate the molar mass of the solute.
(Vapour pressure of pure water at 308 K = 32 mm Hg) (All India 2015)

Question 57.
45 g of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) is mixed with 600 g of water. Calculate
(i) the freezing point depression and
(ii) the freezing point of the solution
(Given : Kf of water = 1.86 K kg mol-1) (Comptt. Delhi 2015)

Question 58.
A 5 percent solution (by mass) of cane-sugar (M.W. 342) is isotonic with 0.877% solution of
substance X. Find the molecular weight of X. (Comptt. All India 2015)

Question 59.
Calculate the boiling point of solution when 4 g of MgSO4 (M =120 g mol-1) was dissolved in
100 g of water, assuming MgSO4 undergoes complete ionization.
(Kb for water = 0.52 K kg mol-1) (All India 2016)

Question 60.
Calculate the mass of a non-volatile solute (molecular mass 40) which should be dissolved in
114 g octane to reduce the vapour pressure to 80%. (Comptt. Delhi 2016)

Question 61.
An aqueous solution of 2 percent non-volatile solute exerts a pressure of 1.004 bar at the
boiling point of the solvent. What is the molecular mass of the solute?
[Vapour pressure of water = 1.013 bar] (Comptt. All India 2016)

Question 62.
A 10% solution (by mass) of sucrose in water has freezing point of 269.15 K. Calculate the
freezing point of 10% glucose in water, if freezing point of pure water is 273.15 K.
Given: (Molar mass of sucrose = 342 g mol-1) (Molar mass of glucose = 180 g mol-1) (Delhi
2017)

Question 63.
The vapour pressure of pure liquids A and B at 400 K are 450 and 700 mmHg respectively.
Find out the composition of liquid mixture if total vapour pressure at this temperature is 600
mmHg. (Comptt. Delhi 2017)
Question 64.
(a) Define the following terms :
(i) Mole fraction (ii) Van’t Hoff factor
(b) 100 mg of a protein is dissolved in enough water to make 10.0 mL of a solution. If this
solution has an osmotic pressure of 13.3 mm Hg at 25°C, what is the molar mass of protein?
(R = 0.0821 L atm mol-1 K-1 and 760 mm Hg = 1 atm) (All India 2009)

Question 65.
(a) What is meant by :
(t) Colligative properties (ii) Molality of a solution (b) What concentration of nitrogen should
be present in a glass of water at room temperature? Assume a temperature of 25° C, a total
pressure of 1 atmosphere and mole fraction of nitrogen in air of 0.78.
[KH for nitrogen = 8.42 × 10-7 M/mm Hg] (All India 2009)

Question 66.
(a) Differentiate between molarity and molality for a solution.
How does a change in temperature influence their values?
(b) Calculate the freezing point of an acqueous solution containing 10.50 g of MgBr2 in 200 g
of water. (Molar mass of MgBr2 = 184 g) (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1) (Delhi 2011)

Question 67.
(a) Define the terms osmosis and osmotic pressure. Is the osmotic pressure of a solution a
colligative property? Explain.
(b) Calculate the boiling point of a solution prepared by adding 15.00 g of NaCl to 250.0 g of
water.
(Kb for water = 0.512 K kg mol-1, Molar mass of NaCl = 58.44 g) (Delhi 2011)

Question 68.
(a) State the following :
(i) Henry’s law about partial pressure of a gas in a mixture.
(ii) Raoult’s law in its general form in reference to solutions.
(b) A solution prepared by dissolving 8.95 mg of a gene fragment in 35.0 mL of water has an
osmotic pressure of 0.335 torr at 25°C. Assuming the gene fragment is a non-electrolyte,
determine its molar mass. (All India 2011)

Question 69.
(a) Differentiate between molarity and molality in a solution. What is the effect of
temperature change on molarity and molality in a solution?
(b) What would be the molar mass of a compound if 6.21 g of it dissolved in 24.0 g of
chloroform form a solution that has a boiling point of 68.04°C. The boiling point of pure
chloroform is 61.7°C and the boiling point elevation constant, Kb for chloroform is 3.63°C/m.
(Delhi 2011)

Question 70.
(a) Define the following terms :
(i) Mole fraction (ii) Ideal solution
(b) 15.0 g of an unknown molecular material is dissolved in 450 g of water. The resulting
solution freezes at – 0.34°C. What is the molar mass of the material?
(Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1) (All India 2011)

Question 71.
(a) Explain the following :
(i) Henry’s law about dissolution of a gas in a liquid
(ii) Boiling point elevation constant for a solvent
(b) A solution of glycerol (C3H8O3) in water was prepared by dissolving some glycerol in 500
g of water. This solution has a boiling point of 100.42°C. What mass of glycerol was
dissolved to make this solution?
(Kb for water = 0.512 K kg mol-1) (All India 2011)

Question 72.
(a) State Raoult’s law for a solution containing volatile components. How does Raoult’s law
become a special case of Henry’s law?
(b) 1.00 g of a non-electrolyte solute dissolved in 50 g of benzene lowered the freezing point
of benzene by 0.40 K. Find the molar mass of the solute. (Kf for benzene = 5.12 K kg mol-1)
(All India 2013)
Answer:

Question 73.
(a) Define the following terms :
(i) Ideal solution (ii) Azeotrope
(iii) Osmotic pressure
(b) A solution of glucose (C6H12O6) in water is labelled as 10% by weight. What would be the
molality of the solution?
(Molar mass of glucose = 180 g mol-1) (All India 2013)

Question 74.
(a) The vapour pressures of benzene and toluene at 293 K are 75 mm Hg and 22 mm Hg
respectively. 23.4 g of benzene and 64.4 g of toluene are mixed. If the two form an ideal
solution, calculate the mole fraction of benzene in the vapour phase assuming that the vapour
pressures are in equilibrium with the liquid mixture at this temperature.
(b) What is meant by +ve and -ve deviations from Raoult’s law and how is the sign of AH
solution related to +ve and -ve deviations from Raoult’s law?
(Comptt. All India 2013)
Question 75.
(a) A 5% solution (by mass) of cane-sugar in water has freezing point of 271 K. Calculate the
freezing point of 5% solution (by mass) of glucose in water if the freezing point of pure water
is 273.15 K.
[Molecular masses : Glucose C6H12O6 : 180 amu; Cane-sugar C12H22C11 : 342 amu]
State Henry’s law and mention two of its important applications. (Comptt. All India 2013)

Question 76.
(a) Define the following terms :
(i) Molarity
(ii) Molal elevation constant (Kb)
(b) A solution containing 15 g urea (molar mass = 60 g mol-1) per litre of solution in water has
the same osmotic pressure (isotonic) as a solution of glucose (molar mass = 180 g mol-1) in
water. Calculate the mass of glucose present in one litre of its solution. (All India 2014)

Question 77.
(a) What type of deviation is shown by a mixture of ethanol and acetone? Give reason.
(b) A solution of glucose (molar mass = 180 g mol-1) in water is labelled as 10% (by mass).
What would be the molality and molarity of the solution?
(Density of solution = 1.2 g mL-1) (All India 2014)

Question 78.
(a) What is van’t Hoff factor? What types of values can it have if in forming the solution, the
solute molecules undergo
(i) Dissociation? (ii) Association?
(b) How many mL of a 0.1 M HCl solution are required to react completely with 1 g of a
mixture of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 containing equimolar amounts of both?
(Molar mass : Na2CO3 = 106 g, NaHCO3 = 84 g) (Comptt. All India 2014)

Question 79.
(a) Define
(i) Mole fraction (Hi) Raoult’s law
(b) Assuming complete dissociation, calculate the expected freezing point of a solution
prepared by dissolving 6.00 g of Glauber’s salt, Na2SO4.10H2O in 0.100 kg of water. (Kf for
water = 1.86 K kg mol-1, Atomic masses : Na = 23, S = 32, O = 16, H = 1) (Comptt. All India
2014)

Question 80.
Calculate the freezing point of solution when 1.9 g of MgCl2 (M = 95 g mol-1) was dissolved
in 50 g of water, assuming MgCl2 undergoes complete ionization.
(Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1)
(b) (i) Out of 1 M glucose and 2 M glucose, which one has a higher boiling point and why?
(ii) What happens when the external pressure applied becomes more than the osmotic
pressure of solution? (Delhi 2016)

Question 81.
(a) When 2.56 g of sulphur was dissolved in 100 g of CS2, the freezing point lowered by
0.383 K. Calculate the formula of sulphur (Sx).
(Kf for CS2 = 3.83 K kg mol-1, Atomic mass of Sulphur = 32 g mol-1)
(b) Blood cells are isotonic with 0.9% sodium chloride solution. What happens if we place
blood cells in a solution containing
(i) 1.2% sodium chloride solution?
(ii) 0.4% sodium chloride solution?(Delhi 2016)

Question 82.
(a) A 10% solution (by mass) of sucrose in water has a freezing point of 269.15 K. Calculate
the freezing point of 10% glucose in water if the freezing point of pure water is 273.15 K.
Given: (Molar mass of sucrose = 342 g mol-1) (Molar mass of glucose = 180 g mol-1)
(b) Define the following terms:
(i) Molality (m)
(ii) Abnormal molar mass (All India 2017)

Question 83.
(a) 30 g of urea (M = 60 g mol-1) is dissolved in 846 g of water. Calculate the vapour pressure
of water for this solution if vapour pressure of pure water at 298 K is 23.8 mm Hg.
(b) Write two differences between ideal solutions and non-ideal solutions. (All India 2017)

Question 84.
(a) Explain why on addition of 1 mol glucose to 1 litre water the boiling point of water
increases.
(b) Henry’s law constant for CO2 in water is 1.67 × 108 Pa at 298 K. Calculate the number of
moles of CO2 in 500 ml of soda water when packed under 2.53 × 105 Pa at the same
temperature. (Comptt. All India 2017).

Question 85.
(a) Define the following terms :
(i) Ideal solution (ii) Osmotic pressure
(b) Calculate the boiling point elevation for a solution prepared by adding 10 g CaCl2 to 200 g
of water, assuming that CaCl2 is completely dissociated.
(Kb) for water = 0.512 K kg mol-1; Molar mass of CaCl2 = 111 g mol-1) (Comptt. All India
2017)