Generalized modeling framework of metal oxide-

based non-enzymatic glucose sensor: concepts,

methods, and challenges
Xin Jin, Muhammad Alam

Abstract— Glucose sensors have transformed diabetes control. Most glucose sensors are enzymatic, but a non-enzymatic metal
oxide-based glucose sensor on a nanostructured substrate is of considerable interest for future always-on wearable closed-loop
sensing for hypoglycemia management. Recently, various research groups have demonstrated that different nanostructured
substrates (fabricated by a variety of innovative techniques) boost the sensitivity of non-enzymatic glucose sensor. In this work, we
develop a physics-based model to correlate the geometrical and chemical design parameters to the non-linear amperometric
response of non-enzymatic glucose sensor on the geometrically complex substrate. Using this model, we can interpret the scattered
results in the literature within a common conceptual framework. Our results show that while non-enzymatic glucose sensor still
does not have sufficient dynamic range to replace the classical blood glucose sensors, these sensors could be useful for low
concentration glucose sensing applications involving sweat, saliva, and ocular fluid. Our model will predictably improve the design
of non-enzymatic glucose sensors for integrating into continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) in wearable and implantable
platforms.

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