Green hydrogen in the

Port of Amsterdam
How Port of Amsterdam accelerates the
new green hydrogen value chain

Work in progress
 Port of Amsterdam is the 4th Port of NW-Europe – specialized in the transshipment of bulk
products Europe Netherlands MRA
For internal use only

4th 71,3 72.763 6,35mld 7.105 | 63.755

Port of Total Jobs created Economic Visits seaborn
NW-Europe transshipment value added vessels | barges

20220305_General Presentation_Hydrogen in PoA Eng.pptx 2

Port of Amsterdam is at the heart of the NSCA - which is of high
importance to the Dutch economy due to its industrial clusters and
role as international transport and fuel hub
Key characteristics of the region
Industry clusters > 171.000 jobs1)
> Strong industrial port > EUR 19 bn added value1)
complex > Powerful ecosystems with potential to
> Part of global top in create synergies in a new energy system
fuels, basic metal,
machine
construction, food,
aerospace and
control technology Energy/fuel hub
> The largest petroleum port in the world
> Aspiration to develop a strong position in
hydrogen (derivatives)

International
transport hub Connection with MRA2)
> 4th largest port of Europe > Population MRA of 2.5 million people
> Connection with 4th > Connection with Amsterdam and its innovative
largest airport of Europe startups, educated population and
(Schiphol) renommated research institutes

Source: NSCA, Port of Amsterdam, Roland Berger

1) Of NSCA region including both the sea- and airport;
2) Metropolitan Region of Amsterdam
The three main industrial clusters in the Port region currently depend
heavily on fossil fuels – green hydrogen is deemed as vital for
decarbonization of all three
Energy transition challenge of the main clusters within NSCA

Steel Port activities Aviation

Challenge Making steel requires both Both trade in and bunkering of Aviation requires fuels with a
high temperature heat and fossil fuels will be replaced high energy density due to
carbon as a feedstock by sustainable alternatives stringent weight and size
restrictions

Fossil fuel 45 Mton (1.5 Mton bunkering)

use per year 5 Mton of coal of fossil fuels distributed via the 4 Mton of aviation fuel
port area
Status <1% of renewable energy <5% of sustainable fuels <0.1% of sustainable
used in steel making process transhipped aviation fuel used
<1% of sustainable fuels
bunkered

Source: Tata Steel, Port of Amsterdam, Synkero, Roland Berger

This results in an expected growth to 220 kton H2 before 2030 and
550 kton H2 around 2035 when steel will account for ~70% of demand
Expected hydrogen demand in NSCA by sector, 2020-2035 [kton H2]

Historical Forecast
Bottom-up analysis
550
> Until 2027 demand mainly comes
from several small-scale
sustainable fuel production facilities
and pilot projects in mobility
> Before 2030, the first large scale
sustainable fuel facilities will come
online and Tata Steel will convert its
first blast furnace to DRI
> Around 2035 Tata Steel plans to
215 215 220 complete the 2nd DRI unit resulting
~70% in much more H2 demand
> Tata Steel specifically seeks green
hydrogen, use of blue hydrogen is
unsensible as it would then make
more sense to integrate carbon
0 0 0 8 9 9 9 9
capture in the steel making process
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2035
Mobility Industry (heat & feedstock) Steel
Electricity Sustainable fuels
Source: Tata Steel, Synkero, Vattenfall, NSCA,
Port of Amsterdam, Press releases, Roland Berger
Demand is expected to exceed supply before 2030. PoA accelerates the
development of (1) local production (2) infrastructure for distribution (3)
international imports, to bridge the gap
Potential resolution of the supply gap in NSCA, 2030 [kton H2]
2030 2035

550 550
<10 1 Increase local production capacity
70-80 > Increase/accelerate development of local electrolysis
capacity
> Limited grid capacity and available area will restrict local
330 production to ~1 GW or ~150 kton H2
(Extra 2035)
250 2 Infrastructure for distribution (H2backbone)
> Sourcing hydrogen from national projects such as
NortH2, H2Gateway and H2opZee through the
220 hydrogen backbone which will be completed in 2027
25 195 25 > Competition with other demand regions (e.g. Rijnmond
and Chemelot) may limit availability of hydrogen
125 220 125
(2030) 3 International imports
60-70 60-70 > Develop infrastructure for international import of
<101) <10 hydrogen e.g. H2Gate where cost of H2 may be lower
Demand in 2030 Announced Supply gap Demand in 2035 Supply gap > Carriers or compression/liquefaction are required for
local supply resolution resolution hydrogen transportation which can be costly
1) Initiation of international imports required to start development of infrastructure
Source: NSCA, Roland Berger
Green hydrogen production price delta’s make a strong case for import
from regions with a significantly lower renewable energy price
Total import potential captive region (NL+ NRW)1
2030 2050
NL 16 TWh 83 TWh

NRW 5 TWh 227 TWh

Total 21 TWh 310 TWh
0.7 Mton 9.3 Mton
NRW: Nordrhein Westfalen

144
2030 45
2050 36

9 9
6
1 3
1
Attractiveness of region for green hydrogen Import LH2 LOHC CH4 Current
production, depending on strength of wind and solar
volume fossil fuels
radiation
PoA
Source: Roland Berger (2021); HY3 final report (2022), H2A (2021)
Due to its available (bulk) infrastructure, the Port is best positioned for
the import of safe and cost-efficient hydrogen carriers

PoA’s current focus markets

1.64
OPEX CAPEX • 6 million m3 storage capacity for clean petroleum
LOHC

products can be leveraged

• Worldwide coverage, supplying mainly gasoline, diesel and
Hydro- Storage Vessel Storage Dehydro- LOHC Total kerosine to the transport sector
genation transport genation in cycle

1.80
• +100 hectares of dry bulk (energy) and container terminals
available
SIHC

• Worlwide coverage, supplying mainly cokes & agricultural

Hydro- Storage Vessel Storage Dehydro- LOHC Total products
genation transport genation in cycle

1.89
• Premium hydrogen source for application which require a
Liquidified

high purity (e.g. Mobility, aviation)

H2

• Premium markets; feasability study of liquid H2 terminal in

Conversion Storage Vessel Storage Dehydro- LOHC Total the Port on going
transport genation in cycle

1.71
• Market push from production regions, first available carrier
Ammonia

technology on commercial scale

• Very limited appetite in NSCA: new risks and additional

Hydro- Storage Vessel Storage Dehydro- LOHC Total space required
genation transport genation in cycle

Source: Roland Berger, H2a

TCO large scale import by technology:
Middle East to Amsterdam (2035 TRL, €/kg H 2)
Port of Amsterdam is developing a European hydrogen hub by
taking three consecutive steps

> Kick-start projects.

We activate new projects and
realise key infrastructure in
cooperation with our partners

> Take-off value chains.

We help scaling projects,
strengthen the end-to-end value
chain and push demand on the
off-takers side

> Mature hydrogen markets

and import.
We transition to large scale
carbon neutral activities enabled
by import of green hydrogen

Source: NSCA, Tata Steel, Schiphol, Vattenfall,

Port of Amsterdam, Gemeente Zaandam, Roland Berger
The Port supports and accelerates multiple project in parallel to speed
up the maturation of the end-to-end value chain for green hydrogen

Development Bio Energy

LH2 import
high- & low- Netherlands 5 MW
green hydrogen
pressure H2 net biomass fermentation
(2025>)
(2025>) (>2024)

H2A large-scale H2ermes H2era Demo Synthetic H2 tankstation P2F Hemweg 100
import green 100 MW electrolyser 500 MW electrolyser kerosine Plant Holthausen MW electrolyser
hydrogen (2025>) (2024>) (2027>) (2025) (>2023) (>2024)

10
Hermes is a frontrunner production project which has the potential to
significantly reduce carbon-emissions in the Port region

H2ermes
> Hydrogen production of 100
MW for green steel
production at Ijmuiden, TATA
premises

> Project consortium consists

of HYCC, Tata Steel and
Port of Amsterdam

> Potential scale-up to 1 GW in

a later stage, connected to
the regional/national
backbone

> Operational in 2026

11
H2 regional & national backbone enables efficient distribution of green
hydrogen in/to the Port region from 2027 onwards

H2 regional & national backbone

> To ensure that hydrogen can be
efficiently transshipped through the
port and distributed in the port
industrial cluster, we work on the
development of:

> A connection of the NSCA to the

national hydrogen backbone of
Gasunie

> A regional low-pressure hydrogen

distribution net in Westpoort,
Amsterdam

> Both infrastructures are

interconnected and need to be
operational when the hydrogen
backbone gets in operation (2027)

12
Synkero is the first synthetic kerosene plant and is assumed to be an
important partner for KLM in their transition towards zero

Synkero pilot plant in the Port of Amsterdam

> Development of a synthetic jet fuel
production facility in the Port of
Amsterdam

> Project is supported by a regional

consortium: SkyNRG, KLM,
Schiphol, Gemeente Amsterdam,
Port of Amsterdam

> Ambition is to produce 25 kton/yr

synthetic jet fuel, starting in 2027

> FID in 2024, after completion of the

FEED phase

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H2A focuses on shaping a safe, efficient and reliable end-to-end
hydrogen value chain to/through Amsterdam

Blueprint for import via

the port of Amsterdam
> H2A is the brand name under
which a suite of multiple
import projects will be
developed

> It is open for all safe and

efficient technologies which
are on the edge of system
integration

> H2A initiates consortia and

delivers support to consortia
by defining, scoping and
executing projects

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