EUR2061 (1) International Law 23/24

the following questions sheet is created to be containing the

possible questions to come in the midterm exam, offered by:
IBRAHIM AL-QUSSAIBATI
SHEET#1

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1.What criteria determine a state's acquisition of international legal personality?
a)Recognition by multiple nations
b)Compliance with domestic laws
c)Existence of diplomatic relations
d)Fulfillment of specific criteria outlined in international law

2.What constitutes a state according to International Law?

a)A defined population with a government
b)A territory without government intervention
c)A group of societies with common ideologies
d)A permanent population, defined territory, government, and foreign relations capacity

3.What characterizes the elements necessary for statehood under the Montevideo
Convention?
a)A defined government and a permanent population
b)A government recognized by other states
c)A defined territory and recognized government
d)A defined territory, government, permanent population, and foreign relations capacity

4.What event significantly increased the number of states in the international system?
a)The end of the Cold War
b)The formation of the League of Nations
c)The signing of the Montevideo Convention
d)The establishment of the UN Security Council

5.What is a form of change in state status according to the discussions?

a)Uniformity
b)Confederation
c)Autonomy
d)Succession

6.How is self-determination in state governance defined?

a)The process of a state seceding from another
b)The inhabitants' right to choose their governance
c)The absorption of one state's debts by another
d)The succession of governments within a state

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7.What triggers state responsibility according to the context?
a)Existence of a legal obligation recognized by International Law
b)Absence of diplomatic relations
c)State's internal disputes
d)Failure to engage in foreign trade

8.What does sovereign immunity protect a state from?

a)Political scrutiny from other states
b)Legal actions in another state's courts
c)Trade sanctions
d)Territorial disputes

9.What characterizes a change in state status through succession?

a)A state peacefully separates into two distinct entities.
b)Two states join together to form a confederation.
c)A region within a state declares independence.
d)A former colony gains independence from the ruling state.

10.According to the content, what typically characterizes secession?

a)Absorption of debts from the previous state
b)Peaceful integration of two states
c)Breakup of a state for independent statehood
d)Formation of an alliance between states

11.What principle guides inhabitants' rights to choose their governance?

a)Self-determination
b)Succession
c)International integration
d)Territorial sovereignty

12.How does the successor state's handling of pre-existing treaties differ?

a)It universally adopts all treaties without exception.
b)It rejects all treaties from the predecessor state.
c)It selectively continues treaties based on political alignment.
d)It forms entirely new treaties to replace the previous ones.

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13.In the context of state responsibility, what triggers liability for reparations?
a)Failure to act on international disputes
b)Existence of a recognized legal obligation
c)Non-compliance with internal laws
d)Economic instability within the state

14.What is the primary purpose of General Assembly Resolution 1514?

a)To establish diplomatic relations among nations
b)To expedite the decolonization process
c)To enforce economic sanctions on non-compliant states
d)To initiate regional integration efforts

15.How does the concept of self-determination relate to decolonization?

a)It promotes dependency on colonizing powers.
b)It supports the autonomy of colonized states.
c)It encourages continued colonial rule.
d)It aims to extend colonial territories.

16.Which term refers to the shield against lawsuits in another country's courts?
a)Sovereign autonomy
b)Immunity from suit
c)International neutrality
d)Judicial sovereignty

17.What are the fundamental elements that trigger state responsibility?

a)Existence of a legal obligation, an act of omission, and economic loss
b)Non-recognition by neighboring states, territorial disputes, and economic decline
c)A recognized government, bilateral treaties, and internal stability
d)Developmental projects, international alliances, and territorial expansion

18.Under which condition might a state be subjected to local suits under restrictive immunity?
a)During diplomatic negotiations
b)When engaged in international trade
c)When not recognized by neighboring states
d)During internal governance crises

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19.What was the outcome of the Corfu Channel Case based on the International Court of Justice's ruling?
a)Albania was held entirely responsible for the incident.
b)Britain's actions were deemed entirely justifiable.
c)Both parties were deemed equally responsible.
d)Britain's actions were largely deemed unjustified.

20.How does the concept of absolute immunity historically apply to heads of state?
a)It absolves them of all legal and diplomatic obligations.
b)It grants them immunity from lawsuits during their term in office.
c)It subjects them to international tribunals for violations.
d)It exempts them from any form of accountability.

21.What type of immunity allows a foreign state to be subjected to local suits for commercial activities?
a)Territorial immunity
b)Absolute immunity
c)Restrictive immunity
d)International immunity

22.What distinguishes absolute immunity from restrictive immunity?

a)The scope of state recognition
b)The degree of diplomatic engagement
c)The application concerning commercial activities
d)The extent of protection from legal actions

23.What is a key requirement for statehood based on the Montevideo Convention?

a)Legal recognition by all neighboring states
b)Active participation in international trade
c)A permanent population and defined territory
d)Absence of political disputes within the state

24.How does the text describe the effect of succession on pre-existing treaties?
a)They are universally adopted by the successor state.
b)They are rejected unless they align with new state policies.
c)They automatically cease to exist upon state succession.
d)They are renegotiated to accommodate both states' interests.

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25.In the context of state responsibility, what triggers the requirement for reparations?
a)The existence of a recognized legal obligation
b)Loss of diplomatic relations with other nations
c)Failure to engage in international trade agreements
d)An internal conflict within the state

26.What fundamental principle does the UN Resolution 1514 promote?

a)Respect for territorial sovereignty
b)Promotion of regional conflicts
c)Expedited colonization processes
d)Encouragement of political disputes

27.How does the concept of self-determination relate to state governance?

a)It emphasizes uniformity in governance structures.
b)It supports the right to choose their form of governance.
c)It discourages autonomy for regions within a state.
d)It promotes dependence on external governance.

28.What principle guides inhabitants' rights to choose their governance?

a)Self-determination
b)Succession
c)International integration
d)Territorial sovereignty

29.Which type of immunity applies to foreign states engaged in local commercial activities?
a)Territorial immunity
b)Absolute immunity
c)Restrictive immunity
d)International immunity

30.What defines the elements necessary for a state to acquire legal personality within the international
community?
a)Recognition by multiple nations
b)Compliance with domestic laws
c)Existence of diplomatic relations
d)Fulfillment of specific criteria outlined in international law

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31.Which of the following is a defining feature of an International Organization according to the provided
material?
a)Total independence from states
b)Control over a state's sovereign power
c)Creation by a group of non-state entities
d)Existence based on the discretion of states

32.Public International Organizations (PIOs) are primarily established by:

a)Regional entities
b)Treaties between individual states
c)A group of nation-states
d)Non-governmental organizations

33.What distinguishes Administrative International Organizations from Political ones?

a)Narrower goals compared to Political Organizations
b)Focus on military order rather than administrative tasks
c)Centralized control by individual states
d)Non-involvement in maintaining political orders

34.Possessing Power Over Members is a characteristic of which type of International Organization?

a)Public
b)Private
c)Global
d)Regional

35.Which entity holds veto power in the UN Security Council?

a)All member states
b)The Secretary-General
c)Permanent members (P5)
d)Rotating members

36.What is the primary responsibility of the UN Security Council?

a)Administrative coordination
b)Maintaining peace and security
c)Economic development
d)Humanitarian aid distribution

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37.How many principal organs does the United Nations have?
a)4
b)5
c)6
d)7

38.Which organ of the UN is responsible for administering territories incapable of self-government?

a)Secretariat
b)ECOSOC
c)Trusteeship Council
d)International Court of Justice

39.What is the role of the Secretariat within the United Nations?

a)Economic planning and development
b)Conflict resolution through arbitration
c)Administrative oversight and execution
d)Enforcement of international laws

40.The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is located in:

a)Geneva
b)Vienna
c)The Hague
d)New York City

41.What does the provided material suggest about the UN's role in maintaining world peace?
a)It's achieved its goal perfectly
b)It's weaker than the sum of its parts
c)It's stronger than individual nations
d)It's becoming obsolete

42.What financial crisis did the UN experience?

a)Global recession in the 2000s
b)Budget cuts from member states
c)Failure to collect annual dues
d)A crisis in mid-1980s

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43.How many official languages does the UN use for administration?
a)2
b)4
c)6
d)8

44.Which entity was given immunity from suits in national courts of member states according to the material
provided?
a)United Nations
b)International Court of Justice
c)Trusteeship Council
d)Secretariat

45.The degree of protection enjoyed by UN employees is:

a)Uniform across all member states
b)Inconsistent among member states
c)Limited to diplomatic envoys
d)Solely dependent on the Secretary-General's discretion

46.According to the text, what are the characteristics of International Governmental Organizations (IGOs)?
a)Intended to cover one or two states, limited voting rights, and profit-oriented.
b)Intended to cover at least three states, full voting rights, and non-profit-making.
c)Intended to cover five or more states, limited voting rights, and profit-oriented.
d)Intended to cover multiple states, limited voting rights, and non-profit-making.

47.What was the central theme and aim of the League of Nations (LoN)?
a)Controlling military aggression and fostering global economic development.
b)Achieving global economic stability and regulating trade between nations.
c)Avoiding repetition of secret military alliances and mutual suspicions to prevent another world war.
d)Promoting cultural exchange and mutual understanding among nations.

48.How was the League of Nations (LoN) connected to the United Nations (UN)?
a)The UN replaced the LoN after it achieved complete universality among states.
b)The UN succeeded the LoN as a direct result of the League's dissolution.
c)The UN was established as an expansion of the League's powers and objectives.
d)The UN and the LoN shared identical member states during their existence.

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49.Which countries comprise the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC)?
a)USA, UK, France, Germany, China
b)USA, UK, France, Russia, China
c)USA, UK, France, Japan, China
d)USA, UK, Russia, China, Brazil

50.What is the primary responsibility of the UN Security Council (UNSC)?

a)Implementing and enforcing international laws for member states.
b)Maintaining peace and security at a global level.
c)Drafting economic treaties among member states.
d)Supervising and monitoring the General Assembly's decisions

51.What is the major distinction between Public and Private International Organizations?
a)Public organizations are profit-oriented while private organizations are non-profit.
b)Public organizations are established by a group of states through treaties, whereas private organizations
consist of non-state entities.
c)Public organizations function independently of State sovereign control, while private organizations are
controlled by individual states.
d)Public organizations focus on regional issues, whereas private organizations work on global concerns.

52.How does the Security Council operate in contrast to the General Assembly?
a)The Security Council has continuous functions, while the General Assembly has a limited timeframe for its
sessions.
b)The Security Council serves primarily as a debating chamber, unlike the General Assembly, which focuses
on implementing decisions.
c)The Security Council functions as a forum for exchanging ideas, while the General Assembly determines
threats to international peace.
d)The Security Council maintains peace and security and functions continuously, unlike the General
Assembly, which does not have a continuous role.

53.What factor contributed significantly to the failure of the League of Nations?

a)Absence of strong leadership among member states.
b)Global economic depression and xenophobic atmosphere.
c)Excessive interference by non-member states.
d)Lack of interest among non-permanent members in the League's decisions.

54.What was the intent behind the creation of the United Nations (UN)?
a)To establish a global economic union to prevent economic depressions.
b)To maintain international peace and security.
c)To promote regional alliances among neighboring countries.
d)To create a unified world government system.

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55.Which power structure determines the functioning of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC)?
a)Unanimous decision among all member states.
b)Majority vote by all UNSC members.
c)Unanimous vote of permanent members (P5) and majority vote of all members.
d)The Security Council operates independently of any power structure.

56.What makes an International Governmental Organization distinct from a Non-Governmental International

Organization?
a)IGOs have international aims and consist of at least three states, while INGOs consist of non-state entities.
b)IGOs focus on profit-making activities, whereas INGOs are non-profit organizations.
c)IGOs have limited voting rights, while INGOs have full voting rights.
d)IGOs have global operations, while INGOs work at a regional level.

57.What is the significance of the veto power in the United Nations Security Council (UNSC)?
a)Each member state holds veto power, ensuring an equal say in all decisions.
b)The veto is only exercised by the General Assembly, overriding UNSC decisions.
c)Permanent members (P5) can block any substantive resolution.
d)Non-permanent members can exercise a veto against decisions made by P5 members.

58.Why did the League of Nations fail to prevent major international conflicts?
a)Lack of support from powerful non-member states.
b)Economic crises and an isolationist approach by the United States.
c)Over-reliance on non-member states for conflict resolution.
d)Dominance of the League by smaller nations with conflicting interests.

59.How does the General Assembly contribute to international relations?

a)By deploying peacekeeping forces in conflict zones.
b)As a debating chamber for exchanging ideas and discussing global problems.
c)By unilaterally making decisions without the consent of member states.
d)By supervising and regulating the activities of the Security Council.

60.According to historical perspectives, why were individuals considered incapable of violating International
Law?
a)They lacked legal capacity under national laws.
b)Only states were subject to regulation by International Law.
c)International Law only applied to transactions between states.
Individuals were exempt from obeying any law in a foreign state

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61.What was the perspective on individuals' legal capacity under International Law in China and the USSR?
a)The USSR acknowledged individual capacity under International Law, while China did not.
b)China and the USSR both acknowledged the individual's capacity under International Law.
c)Both China and the USSR denied individual responsibility under International Law.
d)China recognized individual capacity, while the USSR did not.

62.How did 20th-century jurists advocate for the status of individuals under International Law?
a)By emphasizing the individual's responsibility in international crimes.
b)By denying individuals' rights within the framework of International Law.
c)By advocating for individuals to have legal capacity in all cases.
d)By limiting individuals' rights to specific situations like Human Rights.

63.What historical events led to the revival of the theory that individuals could breach International Law?
a)The Russian Revolution and the Cuban Revolution.
b)First and Second World Wars.
c)The Chinese Revolution and the Vietnam War.
d)The Spanish Civil War and the Korean War.

64.How did the Nuremberg War Crimes Tribunal view individual obligations under International Law?
a)Individuals were immune when acting on behalf of their state's authority.
b)Individuals were subject to immunity only if their actions were in line with state authority.
c)Individuals had international duties beyond the obligations imposed by their state.
d)Individuals were not held accountable if their actions were within their state's competence.

65.How can individuals incur direct responsibility under International Law?

a)By violating any national law in a foreign state.
b)Only if their conduct amounts to an international crime like genocide.
c)By acting under the authority of their state in any situation.
d)Only by violating the laws of war in a foreign state.

66.In cases where a state's military agents cause harm in another country, who has the capacity to pursue a
claim in international proceedings?
a)The individuals harmed directly by the agents.
b)Only States or International Organizations (IOs).
c)Relatives of the harmed individuals.
d)Both the State and the individuals harmed.

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67.What consequences arise due to individuals not being able to directly pursue their own claims under
International Law?
a)Individuals lose any chance of compensation for harms they suffered.
b)The State holds exclusive discretion in pursuing claims on the international level.
c)Judicial branches gain the power to hear claims rejected by the executive branch.
d)The Ministry of Foreign Affairs loses its discretion in accepting claims.

68.How does the text describe the legal status of multinational corporations under International Law?
a)They possess the same legal capacity as individuals under International Law.
b)They lack international legal capacity to seek remedies for wrongdoings.
c)They have the authority to represent themselves in international tribunals.
d)They need to persuade other states to present claims on their behalf.

69.How is citizenship defined within the context of nationality?

a)Citizenship is solely based on an individual's residence.
b)Citizenship is the bond between an individual and a State, establishing reciprocal rights and duties.
c)Citizenship is determined by the nationality of an individual's parents.
d)Citizenship is an outdated concept in the modern world.

70.What legal principle defines nationality acquisition based on the nationality of parents?
a)Jus Soli
b)Naturalization
c)Jus Sanguinis
d)Dual Nationality

71.Which treaty introduced the concept that every person holding the nationality of a member state would be
a citizen of the European Union?
a)Maastricht Treaty
b)Geneva Convention
c)Universal Declaration of Human Rights
d)Hague Protocol

72.What issue arises for individuals with dual nationality?

a)They are exempt from taxation in both countries.
b)They cannot be subjected to military service in any country.
c)They are not protected by any state if harmed by a third nation.
They are relieved from paying taxes in any country

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73.What do international treaties attempt to address regarding statelessness?
a)Reducing the number of stateless individuals worldwide.
b)Granting citizenship to all stateless individuals.
c)Limiting the effects of statelessness on dual nationals.
d)Providing protection only to stateless individuals without a former nationality.

74.Which international documents define the status and rights of refugees?

a)Hague Protocol
b)Geneva Convention
c)Maastricht Treaty
d)Universal Declaration of Human Rights

75.In the context of multinational corporations (MNCs) and their home state representation, what was the
significance of the Barcelona Traction case?
a)It highlighted the significance of effective shareholder ownership over nominal corporate nationality.
b)It demonstrated the importance of home state protections for MNCs.
c)It emphasized the role of the majority shareholder nationality in determining the home state.
d)It underscored the significance of corporate assets over shareholder representation.

76.Which of the following is NOT a category of injury to aliens under International Law?
a)Non-Wealth Injuries
b)Confiscation of Property
c)Unlawful Occupation
d)Deprivation of Livelihood

77.According to the American Society of International Law, what defines a non-wealth injury to an alien?
a)Indirect physical harm due to the failure of a state to prevent injury by another party.
b)Direct physical injury caused by an alien in a foreign country.
c)Failure to provide compensation for property confiscated by a state.
d)Failure of a state to offer legal representation to an alien in court proceedings.

78.Which of the following does NOT fall under the category of denial of justice regarding aliens?
a)Lack of due diligence
b)Wrongful arrest and detention
c)Confiscation of Property without compensation
d)Discriminatory application of domestic laws

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79.What is the Calvo Doctrine in relation to foreign companies operating in certain countries?
a)It grants foreign companies the right to diplomatic intervention from their home states in case of
nationalization.
b)It emphasizes the necessity of international standards in compensating expropriated companies.
c)It denies foreign companies the right to seek diplomatic assistance from their home states post-
nationalization.
d)It enables foreign companies to negotiate for fair compensation with host nations after nationalization.

80.How does the Western view typically define the limitations concerning the nationalization of foreign
property?
a)It demands immediate deportation of foreign property owners.
b)It requires prompt, adequate, and effective compensation for seized property.
c)It allows for discriminatory treatment of foreign property holders.
d)It calls for the immediate sale of confiscated assets to the host nation's citizens.

81.According to the text, what distinguishes "deprivation of livelihood" as an unacceptable act?

a)The lack of proper documentation for livelihood activities.
b)Withdrawal of the ability to practice a certain occupation for a discriminatory purpose.
c)Inadequate access to business licenses in a foreign country.
d)A decrease in personal wealth due to economic fluctuations.

82.In the context of State responsibility for injury to aliens, which scenario does NOT typically trigger
international responsibility?
a)Confiscation of property without any compensation.
b)Nationalization conducted with prompt and fair compensation.
c)Discriminatory application of domestic laws against aliens.
d)Non-discriminatory treatment of aliens compared to local citizens in similar circumstances.

83.Which principle of jurisdiction is primarily concerned with crimes committed by a state's own citizens on
foreign soil?
a)Territorial Principle
b)Nationality Principle
c)Passive Personality Principle
d)Protective Principle

84.Which international crime is considered a universal interest due to its heinous nature and is prosecuted by
any nation where the criminal is found?
a)Murder
b)Piracy
c)Theft
d)Tax Evasion

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85.Which historical case exemplifies the debate over jurisdiction on the high seas between France and
Turkey?
a)Lockerbie Case
b)Lotus Case
c)Milosevic Trial
d)Carlos the Jackal Case

86.What legal principle allows a state to prosecute a crime committed outside its borders if it threatens the
state's security or political independence?
a)Territorial Principle
b)Nationality Principle
c)Passive Personality Principle
d)Protective Principle

87.Which jurisdictional principle is commonly used when a crime's effect is felt within the prosecuting state's
territory, even if the crime started outside it?
a)Territorial Principle
b)Nationality Principle
c)Passive Personality Principle
d)Protective Principle

88.Extradition may be denied based on:

a)The requesting state's laws violating human rights
b)Political Offense Exception
c)Discrepancy in defining the crime across nations
d)All of the above

89.The extradition of Carlos the Jackal was primarily facilitated by:

a)A formal extradition treaty
b)Kidnapping from Sudan
c)Interpol's intervention
d)A legal loophole

90.Which principle allows a state to regulate the conduct of its own citizens, even when their acts occur
entirely outside that state?
a)Territorial Principle
b)Nationality Principle
c)Passive Personality Principle

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91.In the context of jurisdiction, what does the Lotus case illustrate?
a)The limits of state sovereignty on the high seas
b)Extradition practices between France and Turkey
c)The establishment of the Universal Jurisdiction Principle
d)The debate over territorial jurisdiction

92.The extradition process is primarily based on:

a)A global extradition treaty
b)Hundreds of bilateral treaties
c)UN conventions
d)Regional agreements

93.Which principle allows a state to prosecute an individual for a crime committed outside its borders if the
conduct violates the laws of that state?
a)Territorial Principle
b)Nationality Principle
c)Passive Personality Principle
d)Protective Principle

94.What historical case brought attention to the issue of jurisdiction on the high seas and the collision
between French and Turkish vessels?
a)Lockerbie Case
b)Lotus Case
c)Milosevic Trial
d)Carlos the Jackal Case

95.Which jurisdictional principle gives a state the authority to prosecute a crime that threatens its territorial
integrity or political independence?
a)Territorial Principle
b)Nationality Principle
c)Passive Personality Principle
d)Protective Principle

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