Projectile Motion

 Gravity is the force acting on the projectile it pulls down the object.

 Projectile is an object that has one force of gravity acting upon it.

 Gravity affect projectile motion through pulling down the object due to its mass.

 Vertical motion shows movement of an object parallel to the movement of gravitation force.

 A projectile is any object thrown into space upon which the only acting force is gravity. The primary force acting on a projectile is gravity.

 When a particle is thrown obliquely near the earth’s surface, it moves along a curved path under constant acceleration directed towards the centre of the earth (we

assume that the particle remains close to the earth’s surface). The path of such a particle is called a projectile, and the motion is called projectile motion.

In a Projectile Motion, there are two simultaneous independent rectilinear motions:

1. Along the x-axis: uniform velocity, responsible for the horizontal (forward) motion of the particle.

2. Along the y-axis: uniform acceleration, responsible for the vertical (downwards) motion of the particle.

Acceleration in the horizontal projectile motion and vertical projectile motion of a particle: When a particle is projected in the air with some speed, the only force acting on it during
its time in the air is the acceleration due to gravity (g). This acceleration acts vertically downward. There is no acceleration in the horizontal direction, which means that the velocity
of the particle in the horizontal direction remains constant.

Vix = dx/t

What is velocity?

Velocity is a vector quantity that describes the rate of change of an object's position with respect to time. In simpler terms, velocity tells us both the speed and direction of an object's motion.

What is momentum? Any moving object with a quantity of matter has momentum. Momentum simply means "mass in motion." It is equal to the product of mass and velocity. If any object of

any mass is not moving, it has zero momentum since its velocity is zero.

Momentum means “mass in motion”. It is equal to the product of mass and velocity of an object. If you increase either the mass or the velocity, the momentum of that object increases too. If you

double the mass or velocity, you also double the momentum. An object’s change in momentum is equal to impulse. Impulse is the change in momentum of a moving object.

 Machines are never 100% efficient due to various factors related to the conversion of energy and the presence of external influences. Friction between moving parts in machines

results in the conversion of some of the energy into heat. This heat energy is often lost to the surroundings, reducing the overall efficiency of the machine. In many processes,

especially those involving combustion or electrical resistance, heat is generated as a byproduct. This heat loss represents energy that is not converted into useful work and reduces

the efficiency of the machine.

 Energy loss during the transmission of electric power occurs due to resistance in conductors. The conductors (wires) used to transmit electric power have resistance. As current

flows through these conductors, some of the electrical energy is converted into heat due to resistance, resulting in energy loss.

 An efficient transmission and distribution system ensures reliable electricity supply to homes. It minimizes power outages, reducing inconvenience and potential damage to

electrical appliances and equipment.