1.

1
Introduction to
Safety and Health

Department of Industrial Engineering

and Information Technology (DIET)
 Learning Objectives

LO1. Discuss the basic concepts underlying safety and

health (CO1)

Department of Industrial Engineering

and Information Technology (DIET)
 INTRODUCTION TO SAFETY AND HEALTH

Safety refers to the state or condition of being protected

from harm, danger, or risk. It encompasses measures and
practices put in place to prevent accidents, injuries, and
potential hazards. Safety is a proactive approach that
focuses on identifying and mitigating risks to ensure the
well-being and welfare of individuals and the environment.

Department of Industrial Engineering

and Information Technology (DIET)
 INTRODUCTION TO SAFETY AND HEALTH

EXAMPLES OF SAFETY MEASURES IN THE WORKPLACE

Personal Protective Safety Training and Hazard and Risk Emergency Machine Guarding Ergonomic Design
Equipment (PPE) Education Identification Response Planning

Safe Material Chemical Safety Electrical Safety Housekeeping and

Department Fall Protection Workplace Violence
Handling of Industrial Engineering Cleanliness
and Information Technology (DIET) Prevention
 INTRODUCTION TO SAFETY AND HEALTH

Health refers to a state of complete physical, mental, and

social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or
infirmity. It encompasses a person's physical condition,
mental and emotional state, and their ability to function
optimally in society.

Department of Industrial Engineering

and Information Technology (DIET)
 INTRODUCTION TO SAFETY AND HEALTH

EXAMPLES OF HEALTH INITIATIVES IN THE WORKPLACE

Wellness programs Mental health Smoking cessation Healthy eating Fitness and exercise
support and programs initiatives programs
resources

Employee health Vaccination and Access to Flexible work Substance abuse

screenings immunization healthcare arrangements to prevention
Department of Industrial Engineering
campaigns resources and support work-life programs
and Information Technology (DIET) services balance
 INTRODUCTION TO SAFETY AND HEALTH

HAZARD VS RISK
A hazard refers to any potential source of harm or adverse health
effect on a person or a group. It can be an object, substance, activity,
or situation that has the inherent ability to cause harm. Hazards can
be physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic, or psychosocial in
nature. Identifying hazards is the first step in the risk assessment
process. Not all hazards will necessarily result in harm, but they have
the potential to do so.

Risk refers to the likelihood that a person or a group will experience

harm or adverse health effects if exposed to a hazard. It combines
the probability of an event (accident, injury, illness) occurring with
the severity of the potential harm. Risk assessment involves
evaluating the magnitude of the hazard and the level of exposure to
determine the overall risk level.
Department of Industrial Engineering
and Information Technology (DIET)
 INTRODUCTION TO SAFETY AND HEALTH

HIERARCHY OF CONTROLS

The most effective control measure, elimination involves removing the hazard
or the source of the hazard entirely from the workplace. By eliminating the
hazard, there is no chance of exposure, thus completely preventing potential
harm.

If complete elimination is not feasible, substitution involves replacing the

hazardous substance, equipment, or process with a safer alternative that poses
fewer risks to workers' health and safety.

Engineering controls involve modifying the workplace or equipment to reduce

or isolate the hazard. These measures are designed to make the work
environment safer and prevent exposure to the hazard.

Department of Industrial Engineering

and Information Technology (DIET)
 INTRODUCTION TO SAFETY AND HEALTH

HIERARCHY OF CONTROLS

Administrative controls focus on changing work practices or procedures to

reduce workers' exposure to hazards. These measures involve implementing
policies, training, and safe work practices.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is the last resort in the hierarchy of

controls and involves providing workers with protective gear (e.g., gloves, safety
goggles, respirators) to reduce their exposure to the hazard. While PPE can be
effective, it relies on workers using and maintaining the equipment correctly.

Department of Industrial Engineering

and Information Technology (DIET)
 INTRODUCTION TO SAFETY AND HEALTH

ACCIDENT VS INJURY VS ILLNESS

An accident refers to an unexpected event that results in harm, damage, injury,
or loss. It usually involves unintended actions or occurrences, often caused by a
combination of factors, including human error, equipment malfunction, or
environmental conditions.

An injury is the physical harm or damage to a person's body caused by an

external force, such as accidents, falls, cuts, burns, or impact. Injuries can vary
in severity, ranging from minor bruises to life-threatening conditions. They can
result from accidents or unsafe actions and may require medical attention and
treatment.

An illness refers to a state of poor health or a medical condition that negatively

affects a person's well-being and functioning. Illnesses can be caused by
various factors, including infectious agents (e.g., bacteria, viruses), exposure to
harmful substances, genetic factors, or lifestyle choices.
Department of Industrial Engineering
and Information Technology (DIET)
 INTRODUCTION TO SAFETY AND HEALTH

KEY FACTORS THAT AFFECT SAFETY AND HEALTH IN THE WORKPLACE

Work environment Occupational Workforce Management and Availability and Use

Community and
practices and Characteristics Organizational of Personal
Social Factors
procedures Culture Protective
Equipment (PPE):

Psychological and Public Health and Regulatory Emergency Lifestyle and

Department Technology and
Mental Health of Industrial EngineeringCompliance and
Environmental Infrastructure
Preparedness and Personal Choices
andFactors
Information Technology
Factors(DIET) Enforcement Response
 Thank
you!
Department of Industrial Engineering
and Information Technology (DIET)