START

CREATION OF FILE
F
T1 UNIT 2OPEN FILE
C UNIT 3 UNIT 4
A
INPUT UNIT
DATE STORAGE
INPUT DATA
OPEN FILERESULT
PRINT
OPEN FILE
DESIGN
INPUT DATE
DATE PROCESSING
AND IMPLEMENTATION OF
YES
COMPUTERIZED
CLOSE FILE NURSING MEDICAL
A DUTIES
NUEROLOG
DICINE ISINPUT
CHECK
SURGERY YEARDATE
INPUT DATE
UNIT=1
DATA? SCHEDULING SYSTEM
MORE
MEDICAL YES RECORD
TABLE 1
GENERATION PERSONNEL MODIFIATION
CHECKTRAPPING
SCHEDULED DURATION
MORE YES YES
CHECK MORE
DATETIME
BASE ON
DATA?
DUTING
DATA?
NO
YES
STOP DATE BASE DATE BASE
(A CASE STUDY OF UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA
IS
UNIT= 2
E BASE B
CHECK TIMEPRINT
OFF DUTING
NO
NO
CLOSE FILE
RESULT
? NO TEACHING HOSPITAL)
YES
INFORMATIO
PRINT NO
STOREPRINTDISPLAY
ON DISK
RESULT NO CLOSE FILE
INPUT
RESULT
? DATE CLOSE
C STOP
FILE
IS?
UNIT= 3 WRITTEN
F
STOP
END
DISPLAY PROGRAM
SCREEN STOP
MORE YES
F
F
DATA? BY
YES
IS D
UNIT= 4 NO
OGBONNA REMIGWS U
PRINT NO
RESULT CLOSE FILE
?
AUGUST, 2006
STOP

1
CONTACT US:
Website: Www.Uniprojects.Net
Phone Numbers: +2347052196405, +2348170664562 or +2348060592024

TERMS AND CONDITIONS

Using our service is LEGAL and IS NOT prohibited by any
university/polytechnic/college policies
You are allowed to use this research material in the following ways:
1. As a source for additional understanding of the subject /topic
2. As a source for ideas for you own research work (if properly referenced)
3. For PROPER paraphrasing ( see your university/polytechnic/college
definition of plagiarism and acceptable paraphrase)
4. Direct citing ( if referenced properly)

THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR YOUR

RESPECT TO THE AUTHORS

COPYRIGHT

DISCLAIMER
We assist our customers by providing quality materials for academic research.
This material is for research purposes only and should be used as guideline.

2
DO NOT COPY WORD FOR WORD.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT SAMPLE
First and foremost, my gratitude goes to God Almighty, who has been so
merciful and generous in my life.

I am highly indebted to my parents who have vowed to leave no stone

unturned in their quest to give me formal education. May God bless them.

Last but not the least, when a tedious job has been done, one has to refer
back and think who and who contributed towards the success of the job.
As a matter of fact, I must acknowledge my debt of gratitude to my project
supervisor, Mr./Mrs. ……………………………..without whose diligent
guidance and advice this study would not have seen the light of the day.

I also wish to place on record the invaluable help and commitment

rendered by my friends and well-wishers for the moral and financial
support given to me throughout the course of my study.

My thanks and appreciations go to my senior sister Mrs.

……………………………. and her husband for their financial contributions
toward the successful completion of my academic career.

Also I must acknowledge the contribution given to me by

…………………………, my greetings extended to him due to his moral
assisting, advice, understanding, lovely, caring and financing support
through out my academic pursuit.

My sincere thanks go to all those who have assisted me in one way or

the other during the collection of materials and data necessary for the
research work who in spite of their crowded responsibilities still had time to
provide me with a good number of relevant materials for this work.

Finally, my special thanks go to my parents Mr. & Mrs.

………………………… also my humble sisters and brothers for their
understanding, love, caring and financial assistance in the time of
difficulties throughout the period of my staying in the school.

My prayer is that God will reward those that contributed immensely for me
towards this project directly or indirectly.

3
 DEDICATION SAMPLE

This project is dedicated to Almighty God, the owner and giver of

wisdom and knowledge and to the Holy Spirit, the Great teacher,
because man plans his way but, God directs his steps. May his
name be highly glorified. Amen.

4
 ABSTRACT

There is always the need to introduce more chauges or modification in

Hospital curricula particularly in the area of their duties scheduling to be able

to meet demand. Medical duties scheduling is a list of activities or things to be

done showing the time or dates when they are intended to happen in a tabular

form.

The design of Hospital medical duties scheduling to a particular duties

at a particular time to avoid unnecessary clashes. Medical duties scheduling

system enable in to tract the where about of any medical personnel at a

particular point in time and the problems- encountered in manual preparation

are been detected solution to the problem of medical duties scheduling system

are solved and recommendation made on how to maintain the system

effectively.

5
 ORGANIZATION OF WORK

CHAPTER1: This is the introduction to the overall goal of this project

stating the problems, aim and objectives and nature of the project.

CHAPTER 2: It is on the review of related literature

CHAPTER 3: Describes and analysis the existing system stating it’s mode of
operation and identifying the problems facing it and a solution to the inherent
problems.
CHAPTER 4: Design of the new system, thing in the present system and also
the new items or structure that are needed to enhance the new system.
Furthermore designed file stricture which will append record, update records
delete and print output.
CHAPTER 5: Describes the programming phases and its objectives, what
the new eccomially and reliantly perform its designed tasks.
CHAPTER 6: Describes the overall achievement of the project and other that

has to be implemented to enhance the growth of the medical duties scheduling

system. All the work done are documented here.

CHAPTER 7: It is where the recommendation and conclusion of the project

work are done.

6
 TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page:
Certification:
Dedication:
Acknowledgement:
Abstract:
Organization of work
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Statement of the problem

1.2 Purpose of the study

1.3 Aims and objectives

1.4 Scope of the problem

1.5 Constraints and limitation

1.6 Assumptions

1.7 Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

7
CHAPTER THREE

DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

3.1 Facts finding method used

3.2 Objectives of the existing system

3.3 Organizational structure

3.4 Input process analysis

3.5 Output analysis

3.6 Information flow diagram

3.7 Problem of the existing system

3.8 Justification for the new system

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 DESCRIPTION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEW

SYSTEM

4.1 Output specification and description

4.2 Input specification and description

4.3 File design

8
4.4 Procedure chart

4.5 System flowchart

4.6 System requirement

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 IMPLEMENTATION

5.1 Program description

5.2 Program flowchart

5.3 Pseudopodia

5.4 Source program listening

5.5 Test ran

CHAPTER SIX

6.0 DOCUMENTATION

6.1 Systems Documentation

6.2 Pgm Documentation

6.3 User Documentation

9
CHAPTER SEVEN

7.0 RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION

7.1 conclusions

7.2 recommendations

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

10
 Hospital is an aspect that schedule plays a vital role for succeful

achievement of its curriculums. Hospital work take a succeeding step. Each

step has a specified duration of time and a mapped out work coed associated

with it. The time stipulated to be utilized maximally to enable you cover the

work load elaborately.

The issue of analysis the work load and time involved in an Hospital

category and distributing the work load is time intervals. For maximum

knowledge in pact it a great concern to the professorate in the field. This is

where comprehensive medical duties schedule is always designed to suit the

curriculum.

Medical duties schedule does not only involved the all capture of time

duties to medical personnel, it also involve the careful allocation other

resources like cabour force ad space available. When all these factor are not

adequately taken care of, it lead to classes which hinder the effective Hospital

operation.

1.1 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

The problem associated with the old manual system of medical outies

scheduling hindered effective table predication.

11
 It takes a lot of time to process the volume of data involved menially.

This makes analysis and synthesis difficult for man to carry out.

The existing system waste a lot of time. This delay the in effect set back

of the Hospital operation. The manual medical duties scheduling causes lot of

have and clashes. Duties clashes between Doctors also medical duties

scheduling unreliable.

Due to manual approach toward medical duties schedule, the there is a

problem of time consuming, Repeated process and clash/conflict of fixtures.

1.2 PURPOSE OF STUDY

this study is carried out with a view of producing a computerized

medical duties scheduling during manual medical duties scheduling. The new

system will also to produce a comprehensive and authentic medical duties

schedule.

This study also proves the capabilities of the computer in the area of

processing concerning the Hospital sector. By implementing computer, one

would be able to obtain information needed at a particular point in time.

Finally, the study was also carried out to the rode of medical duties schedule

12
medical duties preparation in valves a lot of work in area of processing (ie

allocation of available resources) to avoid clashes.

The major clashes that always occur is the Doctors and nurses clashes.

The Doctor clash takes place when two Doctor is assigned to work at the same

period of time, like wise nurses clash.

To handle this aspect successfully and to produce a reliable result a more

sophisticated machine like computer has to e introituses. The computer with it

sophisticated features will handle the time table preparation (processing) in an

automatic way. It automatically according to pre-defined program instructions.

This will lessen the work involved in the preparation of medical duties

scheduling and aid in producing adequate and comprehensive medical duties

scheduling.

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES

several department in the University of Nigeria teaching Hospital Enugu

have been for the past year eve till date designing their Duties schedule

manually.

13
 The primary aim of this project work is to relied the burden and obstacle

hungering the production of effective medical duties schedule by developing a

computer program which will be timely, more accurate more reliable and more

comprehensive. This new system also makes the entire operation very easy.

1.4 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The overall goal of this work is purely investigative and prescriptive.

The university of Nigeria teaching Hospital Enugu have been selected as our

case study.

Our work is limited to the study of medical duties scheduling system

existing in university of Nigeria teaching Hospital and designing a program for

its computerization.

1.5 LIMITATION AND CONSTRAINTS.

Encountered many difficulties in the pursuit of material and resources

that help for the succeful completion of this project work.

14
 It was also difficult to collect data form mine case study due to

unavailability of personnel it give me adequate information in my area of

study.

1.6 ASSUMPTION

I assume that with the aid of computer when implemented, the medical

duties schedule will be efficient and more effective so as tackles the

procedures involved automatically.

The time consumed in repairing the work manually every year or month

by month will be reduced.

1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS.

Hospital:- According to oxford advanced accuracy, Hospital is an

institution providing medical treatment and care for ill and injured people or A

building where people who are sick, injured or ill are given medical treatment

and care.

15
COMPUTER:- A computer is an election machine or devices working under

the control of stored programs (system software) automatically accepting data

as input, processing it and producing information as output.

SYSTEM:- system is a network of interrupted procedures pried

together to perform a specific task.

MEDICAL:- It is connected with the way of treating illness that do

not involved cutting the body.

SCHEDULE:- A plan that list all the work that you have to do

and when you must do each thing.

MANUAL:- This is a physical way of carry out intervention.

DUTIES TIME INTERVAL:- Duties time interval is the interval form the

start of duties to the close of duties each days.

CHAPTER TWO

16
LITERATURE REVIEW

The issue of Hospital system in each country is to enable successful

operation of Hospital activities with a standard. Enough time is given for

adequate implementation of work load as regard to revel in Hospital.

Nigeria today is in a state of transition and transformation. In order to

deal with the changing time and adduct to inevitable frustration societies in

transition, Nigeria need a sound reliable Hospital. For Hospital to contribute

to these changes, time must be considered and channeled to useful ends for

the benefits of society.

Hospital is seen as a great force and great investment to be made by a nation

for the speedy development of its economic and human resources because

peoples always say that a healthy nation is a wealthy nation. Each country

have several goals which is to be accomplished with time. In order for an

organization to achieve this aims, adequate scheduling of programmes have

to be made.

A well-prepared medical duties schedule will enable you to implement

the curriculum of the Hospital. All the duties to be perform should be

carefully planed and the period for them allocated, so that every body will

17
know what activity is taking place during each period. Paul Stevenson in his

book “Hospital and society defined medical duties schedule as a” skeletal

guide time of duties sharing according to time, taking work load of each

duties into consideration medical duties scheduling provide adequate duties

and utilization time for work productivity. The work load of duties differs,

some duties have less work load than others, such duties take less time to be

covered for the fact that a hospital duties ends at a time in such that all outies

will be covered by the end of the time. Paul Stevenson further said” that time

or schedule is very important for efficient and effective operation of hospital

A regular order is maintained by making each duties fall into its natural

and suitable place medical duties receives it’s due share of attention

according to the importance of the duties and that adequate schedule is given

to every duties.

Time has to be distributed to suit leisure because all work and no play

makes jack a doll boy. The nature medical duties depend on the total work

load to be covered. Duties scheduling help for smooth running of Hospital

curriculum with out clashes. Paul Stevenson also maintained that for effective

medical duties schedule preparation factors like labour force time available

18
population of patient, available halls ad load of each duties has to be taken

into consideration. When all the factors are carefully analyzed a beautiful

skeletal work will be produced for effective hospital operation.

In this book “Role of computer in Hospital” ELRON MANREL

specified that importance’s of time schedule or duties scheduling in hospital.

He said that Hospitality is the foundation of every other thing because

without good health nothing can be done. He also cemented that Hospital

operation is a stage with stipulated time and work load for effective

combination of these two factor time and work load a big work has to be

done.

For effective medical operation medical duties scheduling is the

confirmed plan of scheme. This plan provides adequate time for each duties

to e performed taking the work load into consideration. The manual approach

towards the production of this plan is very tedious and difficult. It also need a

lot of time and human energy. This process need sophisticated system to ease

the operation.

Computer which is one of the key to efficiency and quantity

improvement in every sector of our society has been through the

19
 augmentation of human effort by technology, the potential in Hospital

operation is equally great so computer machine will take the priblem

encountered in medical duties scheduling because it processes automatically

and it is easy use, it saves time and produce comprehensive result.

Generally, medical duties scheduling enable effective and efficient

running of medical activities or operation. Comprehensive duties schedule

brings harmony among medical personnel in the hospital.

CHAPTER THREE

DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

20
 Over the years medical duties scheduling have been a repeated process.

At the beginning of each month or week the person responsible for

scheduling of duties, normally prepares the schedule of duties for each month

or week. The task for cong has been done manually and result produce after a

great number of delay always have arrow and clashes of different kinds.

The existing system have been carefully studied with the help of data

collected during the research work.

3.1 FACTS FINDING METHOD.

In the cause of this study, we made use of two method for effective data

collection.

- Interview method

- Reference method

The oral interview was carried by visiting the case study with medical duties

scheduling this is to know why the Hospital circular should be scheduled with

time. The staff in the Hospital were also interviewed to gathered information

on the criteria for medicate duties scheduling preparation, the concept

importance and problem of medical duties scheduling preparations.

21
 This criteria involves the necessary factors to take into consideration

when preparing a computer medical duties scheduling. The rate collect

enables us to move smooth in writing the project work.

Due to time factor and the fact that some aspect need detailed

explanation seek different opinions of difference author from already written

text concerning my study.

I made reference to already text by different authors. Detailed

information were gathered form different sources and careful analysis were

made on them which enable good synthesis work.

3.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

The existing system was a manual system and was designed to meet

certain set goals. The system was designed to produce a reliable medical

duties scheduling for efficient and effective hospital operation. It was also

responsible for equity in sharing of duties among the stipulated time to make

sure that the duties receives adequate time according to its scheduled.

This medical duties scheduling was designed to take care of

indiscriminate clashes which affect effective hospital operation.

22
 The existing system has to some extent failed to meet there objective due

to development and growth in medical sector.

BOARD OF MANAGEMENT

CHIEF MAICAL DIRECTOR

DIRECTOR ADMIN MEDICAL ADVOSORY COMMITTE

CLIINICAL SERVICE DEPT

GENERAL
ADMINSTRATION

PHARMACY
SERVICES
LABORATERY
3.3 ORGARUSATIONAL STRUCTURES
ACCOUNT DIRECTOR NURSING
SERVICES
FINANCE/ACCOUNT
NON CLINICAL DIVISION.
SERVICES
MEDICAL RECORD AND
STATISTICS
WORK AND CAERING
SERVICES

23
INPUT ANALYSIS
 The existing system made use of necessary data in the form of input

which is the inputs required for medical duties preparation. This included

(i). Doctor name

(ii). Time on duties

(iii). Time off duties

24
(iv). Schedule duration

the above inputs enables the designer to accurate time to different duties

scheduled duration help the medical personnel to know when on duties for a

particular month or week depending on his those people responsible for

scheduling want it to be.

With the above information, a comprehensive medical duties scheduled

is produced.

3.4 PROCESS ANALYSIS

In medical duties preparation a careful work is always out on the input

available. The duties are carefully distributed among time intervals considering

the amount of time to be cover ed on each duties.

During processing much work is done to avoid partial distraction.

Clash conflicts are also avoided during processing.

To ensure adequate medical duties scheduling care should be taken to

make sure that a duties is not assigned to two or more medical personnel at the

same time. For effective medical duties schedule, clashes should be avoided

and duties distributed adequately.

25
3.5 OUT ANALYSIS

The expected output determined the native of input and out prices to be

carried out depend on the inputs. The output of the system was a

comprehensive chart with duties and time allocation.

The element of the output form are:-

(i). Medical personnel name

(ii). Time on duties

(iii). Time off duties

(iv). Schedule duration

(v). Time or days on leave

INPUT FORM
BOARD OF
(vi). Day of the work. MANAGEMENT

3.6 INFORMATION FLOW DIAGRAM

ANALYSIS AND
PROCESSING BY
CHIEF MEDICAL
DIRECTOR

CROSS CHECK AND

CORRECT BY
DIRECTOR
AMINISTRATION

INPUT FOR 26
GENERAL
CONSUMPTION
3.7 PROBLEMS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

The system was developed under a particular condition. But due to

changes in development and growth it started facing problem which made it

unreliable.

Due to manual approach towards time table preparation selection proves

difficult

This is due to the availability of limited resources.

The problem are;

(i) Time consuming

(ii) Repeated process

TIME COMSUMING

27
 Manual medical duties scheduling take a lot of time. The fact that

medical duties schedule may not be ready at the end of each month or week

due to the long time it take in preparing it. This work as shown shortly in ht

subsequent chapterized method of medical duties schedule which takes a short

time with high degree of accuracy.

REPEATED PROCESS

The fact that fresh medical duties scheduled is prepared each week or

month makes manual medical duties scheduling a repeated process.

Any time medical duties scheduling is prepared manually the whole

process will be repeated stating from the beginning, following the step and

procedures till the end.

3.8 JUSTIFICATION FOR THE NEW SYSTEM.

The new compurized system is very automatic it works according to pre-

defined program instruction. The new system accept INPUT and carries out the

required action on the INPUT automatically in a very reduced time. It is easy

to uses very interactive and it generates comprehensive and reliable resects

without clashes or energy wasted.

28
 The system provide adequate storage medium for storing the processed

data, the time table can be generated any time needed and any be generated any

time needed and any number of copies needed can be generated as well. It

reduces the burden on the staff during duplication of medical duties

scheduled.

The processing takes less time and it is an accurate operation scorching

and sorting is carried out more effectively this makes the resects more reliable.

Above all the system is cost effective. It reduces cost. The number of

staff involved in the operation is reduced. The expense on maintenance of the

manual system is actually reduced. It makes the operation more flexible. It

incorporates more features through searching, sorting card comparisons.

CHAPTER FOUR

DESIGN OF THE NEW SYSTEM

The new system was design using top-down approach ie the problem

was broken down into simpler unit during the analysis. Every fanatical part of

29
the system was carefully study before the new specification and design of the

factorial part of the new system were stated below.

4.1 OUTPUT SPECIFICATION AND DESIGN

The output generated by the new design is normally a comprehensive

and arithmetic medical duties scheduled for the various unit or department in

the Hospital. Each duties to be performed is designed to a specific period of

time.

The output is very accurate and reliable, and it is been display on the

screen as desired. The output take care of clashes and equity on time allocation
SELECT
taking work load into consideration.
Sur Name other Names

BELOW IS THE OUTPUT FORMAT

4.2 BELOW IS THE DESIGN OF THE INPUT FORM

WEEKLY SCHEDULED

MONDAY

TUESDAY

WEDNESDAY

FRIDAY

SATURDAY 30

SUNDAY
4.2 INPUT SPECIFICATION AND DESIGN

The input for this design makes processing very easy. The input in an

indispensable data. It enable the system to process and procedure inputs.

The input to this design is supplied through the keyboard, the keyboard

is an input device to the computer system. The data required as input are the

number of medical practitioner in each unit in the Hospital. For each medical

practitioner we have times on duties, medical practitioner name, and scheduled

duration.

31
 This software allocates space with respect to the number of medical

personnel taking a particular duties.

4.3 FILE DESIGN FORMAT

in this design the files were created for adequate data storage and quick

retrieval of information. Files were created for each unit or department in the

Hospital. The files were design to store the data randomly.

It enables randomly access to the information the same structure as the

same types of information is needed in all the files. The files were all created in

location (HI) of the main storage with different names.

FILE STRUCTURE

The files structure is made up of form fields. Each record contain at

most 40 character of text (ie the field length is 40 by tax). A cord is stored as

length

Field Field name Width Type

Medical person name MPN & 15 Character

Time on duties TOD & 2 Numeric

Time off duties TOD & 2 Numeric

Scheduled duration SD & 15 Alpa-numeric

32
4.3 PROCEDURE CHART

4.5 SYSTEM FLOWCHART

33