1
CHAPTER
Basic Mathematics
NUMBER SYSTEM
(i) Natural numbers: The counting numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, ...
are called Natural Numbers. The set of natural numbers is
denoted by N.
Thus N = {1, 2, 3, 4, ....}.
(ii) Whole numbers: Natural numbers including zero are called
whole numbers. The set of whole numbers is denoted by W.
Thus W = {0, 1, 2, .........}
(iii) Integers: The numbers ... – 3, – 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2, 3 .... are
called integers and the set is denoted by Ι or Z. Thus Ι
(or Z) = {.. – 3, – 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2, 3...}
Note: (a) Positive integers Ι+ = {1, 2, 3 ....} = N
(b) Negative integers Ι– = {....., –3, –2, –1}.
(c) Non-negative integers (whole numbers) = {0, 1, 2, ...}.
(d) Non-positive integers = {......, –3, –2, –1, 0}.
(iv) Even integers: Integers which are divisible by 2 are called
even integers.
e.g. 0, ± 2, ± 4,.......
(v) Odd integers: Integers which are not divisible by 2 are
called odd integers.
e.g. ± 1, ± 3, ± 5, ± 7......
(vi) Prime numbers: Natural numbers which are divisible by 1
and itself only are called prime numbers.
e.g. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, ........
(vii) Composite number: Let ‘a’ be a natural number, ‘a’ is said
to be composite if, it has atleast three distinct factors.
e.g. 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15 .........
Note: (a) 1 is neither a prime number nor a composite number.
(b) Numbers which are not prime are composite numbers
(except 1).
(c) ‘4’ is the smallest composite number.
(d) ‘2’ is the only even prime number.
(viii) Co-prime numbers: Two natural numbers (not necessarily
prime) are called coprime, if their H.C.F (Highest common
factor) is one.
e.g. (1, 2), (1, 3), (3, 4), (3, 10), (3, 8), (5, 6), (7, 8)
(15, 16) etc.
These numbers are also called as relatively prime numbers.
Note:
(a) Two prime numbers are always co-prime but converse
need not be true.
(b) Consecutive natural numbers are always co-prime
numbers.
(ix) Twin prime numbers: If the difference between two
prime numbers is two, then the numbers are called twin
prime numbers.
e.g. {3, 5}, {5, 7}, {11, 13}, {17, 19}, {29, 31}
(x) Rational numbers: All the numbers that can be
represented in the form p/q, where p and q are integers
and q ≠ 0, are called rational numbers and their set is
denoted by Q. Thus Q = {p/q : p, q ∈ Ι and q ≠ 0}. It
may be noted that every integer is a rational number
since it can be written as p/q. It may be noted that all
recurring decimals are rational numbers.
p
Note: Maximum number of different decimal digits in
q
11
is equal to q, i.e. will have maximum of 9 different
9
decimal digits.
(xi) Irrational numbers: The numbers which can not be
expressed in p/q form where p, q ∈ Ι and q ≠ 0 i.e. the
numbers which are not rational are called irrational numbers
and their set is denoted by Qc. (i.e. complementary set of Q)
e.g. 2 , 1 + 3 etc. Irrational numbers can not be
expressed as recurring decimals.
Note: e ≈ 2.71 (is called Napier’s constant) and
π ≈ 3.14 are irrational numbers.
(xii) Real numbers: Numbers which can be expressed on
number line are called real numbers. The complete set of
rational and irrational numbers is the set of real numbers
and is denoted by R. Thus R = Q ∪ QC.
Negative side Positive side
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 2 3 
Real line
 All real numbers follow the order property i.e. if there are two
distinct real numbers a and b then either a < b or a > b. Example 2: Prove that the difference 1025 – 7 is divisible
Note: by 3.
(a) Integers are rational numbers, but converse need not
Sol. Write the given difference in the form 1025 – 7
be true.
(b) Negative of an irrational number is an irrational = (1025 – 1) – 6. The number 1025 – 1 = 99..9
 is
number. 25 digits

(c) Sum of a rational number and an irrational number is divisible by 3 (and 9). Since the numbers (1025 – 1) and
always an irrational number 6 are divisible by 3, the number 1025 – 7, being their
e.g. 2 + 3 difference, is also divisible by 3 without a remainder.
(d) The product of a non zero rational number and an
irrational number will always be an irrational number.
(e) If a ∈ Q and b ∉ Q, then ab = rational number, only if
a = 0. Concept Application
(f) Sum, difference, product and quotient of two irrational
numbers need not be a irrational number or we can say,
result may be a rational number also. 1. The product of 1.142857 and 0.63 = _____.

ADVANCED LEARNING 8 7
(a) (b)
11 11
(xiii) Complex number: A number of the form a + ib is called
11 8
a complex number, where a, b ∈ R and i = −1 . Complex (c) (d)
7 7
number is usually denoted by Z and the set of complex
number is represented by C. Thus C = {a + ib : a, b ∈ R 2. If x = 12 − 9, y = 13 − 10, and= z 11 − 8,
then which of the following is true?
and i = −1 }
(a) z > x > y
Note: It may be noted that N ⊂ W ⊂ Ι ⊂ Q ⊂ R ⊂ C.
(b) z > y > x
(c) y > x > z
(d) y > z > x

Example 1: The value of 1.285714 ÷ 1.714285 =

______.
3 7
SOME IMPORTANT IDENTITIES
(a) (b)
4 8 1. (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a – b)2 + 4ab
7 3
(c) (d) 2. (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2 – 4ab
12 7
Sol. 3. a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b)
1.285714 4. (a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab (a + b)
= 1 + 0.285714 5. (a – b)3 = a3 – b3 – 3ab (a – b)
2 9
=1 + = 6. a3 + b3 = (a + b)3 – 3ab (a + b) = (a + b) (a2 + b2 – ab)
7 7
7. a3 – b3 = (a – b)3 + 3ab (a – b) = (a – b) (a2 + b2 + ab)
1.714285
5 12 8. (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca = a2 + b2 + c2
=1 + = 1 1 1
7 7 + 2abc  + + 
∴1.285714 ÷ 1.714285 a b c
1
9. a + b + c2 – ab – bc – ca = [(a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (c – a)2]
2 2
9 12 2
= ÷ 10. a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc = (a + b + c) (a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca)
7 7
9 7 1
= × = (a + b + c) [(a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (c – a)2]
7 12 2
3 If a + b + c = 0 , then a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc
=
4 11. a4 – b4 = (a + b) (a – b) (a2 + b2)
12. a4 + a2 + 1 = (a2 + 1)2 – a2 = (1 + a + a2) (1 – a + a2)

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2 W JEE (XI) Module-1 MATHEMATICS
 Concept Application

Example 3: Show that the expression, (x2 – y z)3 + (y2 – z x)3 + 3. If x1/3 + y1/3 + z1/3 = 0, then what is (x + y + z)3 equal to?
(z2 – x y)3 – 3 (x2 – y z) . (y2 – z x).(z2 – x y) is a perfect square (a) 1 (b) 3
and find its square root. (c) 3xy (d) 27xyz
Sol. (x2 – yz)3 + (y2 – zx)3 + (z2 – xy)3 – 3(x2 – yz) 4. If a + b + c = 0, then what is the value of
(y2 – zx) (z2 – xy) = a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc
a 2 + b2 + c2
where a = x2 – yz, b = y2 – zx, c = z2 – xy ( a − b ) + (b − c ) + (c − a )

2 2 2

= (a + b + c) (a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca) 1
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) (d) 0
1 3
= (a + b + c) ((a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (c – a)2) 1 1
2 5. If x + p
=then x 6 + 6 equals to :
x x
1 2 2 2 (a) p6 + 6p (b) p6 – 6p
= (x + y + z – xy – yz – zx) [(x2 – yz – y2 + zx)2
2 6 4 2
(c) p + 6p + 9p + 2 (d) p6 – 6p4 + 9p2 – 2
 + (y2 – zx – z2 + xy)2 + (z2 – xy – x2 + yz)2] 1
6. If x + 4, then find values of
=
1 x
= (x2 + y2 + z2 – xy – yz – zx) [{x2 – y2 + z(x – y)}2
2 1 1
2 3
+{y2 – z2 + x (y – z)}2 + {z2 – x2 + y (z – x)}2] (i) x + (ii) x +
x2 x3
1 2 2 2 1
= (x + y + z – xy – yz – zx) (x + y + z)2 4
(iii) x +
2 x4
 [(x – y)2 + (y – z)2 + (z – x)2] 7. Prove that (1 + x)(1 + x2)(1 + x4)(1 + x8)(1 + x16)
= (x + y + z)2 (x2 + y2 + z2 – xy – yz – zx)2 (1 − x 32 )
=
= (x3 + y3 + z3 – 3xyz)2 (1 − x)
(which is a perfect square) its square roots are 8. If x, y, z are all different real numbers, then prove that
3 3 3 2
± ( x + y + z − 3 xyz ) 1 1 1  1 1 1 
2
+ 2
+ 2
=  + +  .
( x − y ) ( y − z ) ( z − x)  x− y y−z z−x
1
Example 4: If x2 – 4x + 1 = 0, then what is the value of x 3 + ?
x3 a b
9. If + = −1, then find value of a3 – b3.
1 b a
Sol. x2 – 4x + 1 = 0 ⇒ x + = 4
x 10. If a – b = –8, ab = –12 then a3 – b3 will be
3
1  1  1 11. The product (x + y)(x – y)(x2 + xy + y2)(x2 – xy + y2)
x 3 + 3 =  x +  − 3  x +  = 43 − 3 × 4 = 52
x  x   x simplifies to
1 12. Find the real values of p, q, r satisfying (2p – 3)8
Example 5: If x + = a , then what is the value of
x + (1 – q)6 + (4 – 3r)4 = 0.
1 1
x3 + x 2 + 3 + 2 ?
x x
ADVANCED LEARNING
(a) a3 + a2 (b) a3 + a2 – 5a
(c) a3 + a2 – 3a –2 (d) a3 + a2 – 4a –2 INDICES
Sol. If ‘a’ is any non zero real or imaginary number and ‘m’ is the
1 positive integer, then am = a · a · a. ... a (m times). Here a is
Given, x + = a called the base and m is called the index, power or exponent.
x
Law of indices:
Now, x 3 + x 2 + 1 + 1 =  x 3 + 1  +  x 2 + 1 
    1. a0 = 1, (a ≠ 0)
x3 x 2  x3   x2 
3 2
 1  1  1 1
=  x +  − 3 x +  +  x +  − 2 2. a–m = , (a ≠ 0)
 x  x  x am
= a3 – 3a + a2 – 2 = a3 + a2 – 3a –2. 3. am + n = am · an, where m and n are rational numbers

Basic Mathematics and Logarithm 3

 am
4. am – n = , where m and n are rational numbers, a ≠ 0 Now,
= 4
6 216, 3 7
12
= 12
2401, 5
= 12
15625
an
5. (am)n = amn Hence, their ascending order is

6. ap/q =
q
ap 216, 12 2401, 12 15625, i.e., 4 6, 3 7, 5
12


\ The descending order of magnitude of the given
7. = am n mn
= a n m
a , where m, n ∈ N and
radical is 5, 3 7, 4 6 .
(m, n ≥ 2) and a is positive rational number
8. a× b = ab , a, b ∈ R and atleast one of a and b should Example 8: Find the square root of 10 + 24 + 60 + 40
be positive
Sol. = 10 + 24 + 60 + 40

SURDS = 10 + 2 6 + 2 15 + 2 10

If a is a positive rational number, which is not the nth power (n is any = ( 2 + 3 + 5 ) + 2 2 ( 3) + 2 3 ( 5 ) + 2 2 ( 5 )

natural number) of any rational number, then the irrational number
( )
2

± n a are called simple surds or monomial surds. = 2+ 3+ 5

Every surd is an irrational number (but every irrational number is = 2 + 3 + 5.
not a surd). So, the representation of monomial surd on a number
line is same as that of irrational numbers.
Examples:

1. 3 is a surd and 3 is an irrational number. Concept Application

2. 3
5 is a surd and 3
5 is an irrational number.
13. If the surds 4 4, 6 5, 8 6 and 12 8 are arranged in
3. p is an irrational number, but it is not a surd. ascending order from left to right, then the third surd
3
from the left is
4. 3 + 2 is an irrational number. It is not a surd, because
(a) 12
8 (b) 4
4 (c) 8
6 (d) 6
5
3 + 2 is not a rational number.
14. 6
15 − 2 56 3 7 + 2 2 = ______.
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 6
2
15. If x = 21/3 – 2, then x3 + 6x2 + 12x = _________.
(a)6 (b) –6 (c) 8 (d) –8
4 4
Example 6: Simplify  3 6 a 9   6 3 a 9  1 1 1
−3 −2 −3
16. If a = 4 2 , b = (125) 3 , c = 81 4 then + + =
a b c
Sol. a9(1/6)(1/3)4 · a9(1/3)(1/6)4 = a2 · a2 = a4. 2 3 5
1
Example 7: Arrange the following in ascending or 17. If p = 8 3 , q = 9 2 , r = 16 4 , s = then
descending order of magnitude: 6−2

p+q+r+s=
4
6, 3 7, 5 −4 −2
 1 3  1 3 5/3 –5/2
Sol.
= 6 6=
4
, 7 7= 1/ 4 3
, 5 5 1/3 1/ 2 18. If u =   , v =   , w = (8) . (4) , t =
 27   216 
LCM of the denominators of the exponents of these
vwt
three terms, 4, 3 and 2 is12. (9)3/2 . (81)–3/4 then =
u
Now express the exponent of each term, as a fraction in
19. Which of the following number is greater than 1
which then denominator is 12.
−2/3
 1   1 
1 3 1 (a)   ⋅ 2  (b) (125)–2/3 . (625)1/2
6= 6=4 12
( 6 )=
3 12 12
216  216  6 
1 4 1
(c) log(1/2) 16 (d) log16 32
7=
3
7=
12
( 7 )=
4 12 12
2401 −1 −1
1 6 1  a+ b  a+ b
20. Simplify a   + b 
5= 5=2 12
( 5 )=
6 12 12
15625
 2b a 

 2a b 

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4 W JEE (XI) Module-1 MATHEMATICS
 ADVANCED LEARNING a c e a + c + e + .....
(viii) If = = = ..... , then each
RATIO b d f b + d + f + ......
(i) If A and B be two quantities of the same kind, then their Sum of the numerators
A =
ratio is A : B; which may be denoted by the fraction Sum of the denominators
B
(This may be an integer or fraction) a c e xa + yc + ze + ......
(ix) If = = = ..... , then each =
a b d f xb + yd + zf + ......
(ii) A ratio may represented in a number of ways e.g. =
b 1/ n
ma na a c e  xa n + yc n + ze n 
= =...... where m, n,...... are non-zero numbers. (x) If = = = ..... , then each =  n n 
mb nb b d f n
 xb + yd + zf 
(iii) To compare two or more ratio, reduce them to common
denominator.

(iv) Ratio between two ratios may be represented as the ratio

of two integers

e.g. a : c : a b = ad or ad : bc x+ y y+z z+x

b d c d bc Example 9: If = = , then find x : y : z.
2 3 4
(v) Ratios are compounded by multiplying them together i.e.
a c e ace Sum of the numerators
⋅ ⋅ ..... = ..... Sol. Each =
b d f bdf Sum of the denominators

(vi) If a : b is any ratio then its duplicate ratio is a2 : b2; 2( x + y + z ) x + y + z

= = and therefore each
triplicate ratio is a3 : b3..... etc. 9 9/2

(vii) If a : b is any ratio, then its sub-duplicate ratio is a1/2 : ( x + y + z) − ( y + z) ( x + y + z) − ( x + z)

= =
1/2 1/3 1/3
b ; sub-triplicate ratio is a : b etc. 9 9
−3 −4
2 2
PROPORTION ( x + y + z) − ( x + y)
=
When two ratios are equal, then the four quantities compositing 9
−2
a c 2
them are said to be proportional. If = , then it is written as
a : b = c : d or a : b : : c : d b d
x y z
= = = ⇒x:y:z=3:1:5
3 / 2 1/ 2 5 / 2
(i) ‘a’ and ‘d’ are known as extremes and ‘b and c’ are known
as means. a  3b  2c  6d 3a  b  6c  2d
Example 10: If  , then
(ii) An important property of proportion Product of extremes a  3b  2c  6d 3a  b  6c  2d
= product of means. the correct statement is
(iii) If a : b = c : d, then b : a = d : c (Invertando)
(a) ad = bc (b) ac = bd
(iv) If a : b = c : d, then a : c = b : d (Alternando)
ab
(c) c = (d) a + d = b + c
a+b c+d d
(v) If a : b = c : d, then = (Componendo)
b d Sol. Apply C and D the the given equation
a −b c−d
(vi) If a : b = c : d, then = (Dividendo) 4c  12d 4d  12c c  3d d  3c
b d ⇒  ⇒ 
2a  6d 2b  6a a  3b b  3a
a+b c+d ⇒ bc + 3ac + 3bd + 9ad = ad + 3ac + 3bd + 9bc
(vii) If a : b = c : d, then = (Componendo and
a −b c−d
dividendo)
⇒ 8ad = 8bc

⇒ ad = bc

Basic Mathematics and Logarithm 5

 Steps: Points where numerator becomes zero are called zeros or
roots of the function and where denominator becomes zero are
Concept Application
called poles of the function.
(i) First we find the zeros and poles of the function.
x2  1  x2  1 2x2  1 (ii) Then we mark all the zeros and poles on the real line and
21. Solve the equations  form a curve to divide the real line in many intervals.
x2  1  x2  1 2
(iii) Determine sign of the function in any of the interval and
1  x2  1  x2 then alternates the sign in the neghbouring interval if the
22. Solve: 3 poles or zeros dividing the two interval has appeared odd
1  x2  1  x2 number of times otherwise retain the sign.
23. If (4x – 3y) : (2x + 5y) = 12 : 19 then x : y is ...... (iv) Thus we consider all the intervals. The solution of the
(a) 2 : 3 (b) 1 : 2 g(x) > 0 is the union of the intervals in which we have put
the plus sign and the solution of g(x) < 0 is the union of all
(c) 9 : 4 (d) 2 : 1
intervals in which we have put the minus sign.

INTERVALS
Intervals are basically subsets of R and are commonly used in
solving inequalities or in finding domains. If there are two ( x –1) 2 ( x + 4)
numbers a, b ∈ R such that a < b, we can define four types of Example 11: Solution < 0 is
(2 – x)
intervals as follows :
Open Interval (a, b) ( x –1) 2 ( x + 4) ( x + 4)
Sol. <0⇒ >0
{x : a < x < b} i.e. extreme points are not included (2 – x) ( x – 2)
Closed Interval [a, b]
{x : a ≤ x ≤ b} i.e. extreme points are included + +
It can possible when a and b are finite –4 – 2
Semi-Open Interval (a, b]
{x : a < x ≤ b} i.e. a is not included and b is included ⇒ (– ∞, – 4) ∪ (2, ∞).
Semi-Closed Interval [a, b) 3
( x + 4) 4 ( x –1)3
{x : a ≤ x < b} i.e. a is included and b is not included Example 12: The solution of > 0 is
( x – 2)
Note: ( x + 4) 4/3 ( x –1)3 x –1
Sol. >0⇒ >0
1. The infinite intervals are defined as follows : ( x – 2) x–2
(i) (a, ∞) = {x : x > a}
(ii) [a, ∞) = {x : x ≥ a} + +
(iii) (– ∞, b) = {x : x < b} 1 – 2
(iv) (∞, b] = {x : x ≤ b}
⇒ (– ∞, 1) ∪ (2, ∞) Excluding – 4.
(v) (– ∞, ∞) = {x : x ∈ R}
Example 13: Find the range of x, so that following
2. x ∈ {1, 2} denotes some particular values of x, i.e. x = 1, 2 expressions are defined.
3. If there is no value of x, then we say x ∈ φ (null set) (a) (x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3)2 (x – 4)5 (x – 5) > 0
( x − 1)( x − 2)
(b) ≥0
GENERAL METHOD TO ( x − 3)

SOLVE INEQUALITIES Sol. (a)  x  (,1)  (2, 3)  (3, 4)  (5, )

+ + + +
Method of Intervals (Wavy Curve Method) – –
1 2 3 4 5
 ( x – b1 ) k1 ( x – b2 ) k2 − − − ( x – bn ) kn 
Let g(x) =  r1 r rn 
...(i) (b)  x  [1, 2]  (3, )

 ( x – a1 ) ( x – a2 ) 2 − − − ( x – an ) 
– + – +
Where k1, k2 ..... kn and r1, r2 ........ rn ∈ N and b1, b2..... bn and a1,
1 2 3
a2 ... an are real numbers.
Then to solve the inequality following steps are taken.

P
6 W JEE (XI) Module-1 MATHEMATICS
 Remember
Concept Application log102 ≈ 0.3010; log103 ≈ 0.4771
ln 2 ≈ 0.693; ln 10 ≈ 2.303

x 3  4 x 2  12 x
24. Solve the inequality 0
x3 FUNDAMENTAL
LOGARITHMIC IDENTITY
( x  1) 4 ( x  2)( x  3)3 ( x  4) 2
25. Solve the inequality 0
x 3  36 x loga N = N, a > 0, a ≠ 1 & N > 0
a
26. Find the number of integer values of variable x Proof :
satisfying the following pair of inequalities. logaN = x ... (i)
( x  1)( x  4)
N= (a)x ... (ii)
 0 & x 2  6 x  27  0
x3 by equation (i) & (ii)
27. The solution of the inequality 2x − 1 ≤ x2 + 3 ≤ x − 1 is N = (a)logaN
(a) x ∈ R (b) (−2, 2]
(c) (−2, 2) (d) x ∈ f PRINCIPAL PROPERTIES
1+ x 2

28. Solve for x: −1 ≤ ≤1 Let M & N are arbitrary positive numbers, a > 0, a ≠ 1,
2x and x, y are any real numbers, then:
( x − sin1)( x − sin 2)
29. Solve for x: ≤0 (i) loga (M · N) = loga M + loga N;
( x − sin 3)( x − sin 4)
Proof:
30. Solve for x: ( x − 1) ( x − 2) x ≤ 0
Let logaM = x and logaN = y
31. Solve for x: x − 5 − 9 − x > 1: x ∈ Z
⇒M= ax and N = ay
Now, MN = axay = ax+y
32. Solve for x: x −1 > 3 − x
⇒
logaMN = x + y
In general
LOGARITHM FUNCTION loga(x1 x2 ... xn) = logax1 + loga x2 + ... + loga xn
(ii) loga(M/N) = loga M − loga N
Definition Proof:
The logarithm of the number N to the base ‘a’ is the exponent
Let logaM = x and logaN = y
indicating the power to which the base ‘a’ must be raised to obtain
the number N.
⇒M = ax and N = ay
This number is designated as logaN. Now, M/N = ax/ay = ax–y
Hence logaN = x ⇔ ax = N, a > 0, a ≠ 1 and N > 0
⇒ loga(M/N ) = x – y
If a = 10, then we write log b rather than log10b (iii) logaMα = α·loga M
a = e, we write ln b rather than logeb
The existence and uniqueness of the number logaN follows BASE CHANGING THEOREM
from the properties of an exponential functions.
It states that ratio of logarithm of two numbers is independent of
Domain their common base
The existence and uniqueness of the number loga N can be
Symbolically
determined with the help of set of conditions, a > 0 & a ≠ 1 &
N > 0. log a M
= logb M (a > 0, M > 0, b > 0)
log a b
FUNDAMENTAL IDENTITY Proof:
(i) loga1 = 0 (a > 0, a ≠ 1) Let logbM = x
(ii) logaa = 1 (a > 0, a ≠ 1) ⇒ M = bx
(iii) log1/a a = –1 (a > 0, a ≠ 1) ⇒ logaM = logabx

Basic Mathematics and Logarithm 7

 ⇒ logaM = x · logab
log a M
LOGARITHMIC INEQUALITY
⇒ = x = logb M
log a b Let ‘a’ is a real number such that
Important Results (i) If a > 1, then logax > loga y ⇒ x > y
1
(i) Base power formula: log ak M = loga M (ii) If a > 1, then logax < α ⇒ 0 < x < aα
k
Proof:
(iii) If a > 1, then logax > α ⇒ x > aα
log a M log a M 1
log= (M ) = = log a M

ak
log a a k k log a a k (iv) If 0 < a < 1, then logax > loga y ⇒ 0 < x < y
logb c logb a
(ii) a =c (v) If 0 < a < 1, then logax < α ⇒ x > aα
logb c log a c .logb a log a c logb a logb a
Proof:
= a a= (a =
) (c)
Form - I: f (x) > 0, g(x) > 0, g(x) ≠ 1
GRAPH OF LOGARITHMIC Form Collection of system
FUNCTIONS  f ( x) ≥ 1, g ( x) > 1
(a) logg(x) f (x) ≥ 0 ⇔ 
If a > 0, a ≠ 1, then the function y = loga x, x ∈ R+ (set of positive real 0 < f ( x) ≤ 1, 0 < g ( x) < 1
numbers) is called the logarithmic Function with base a.
 f ( x) ≥ 1, 0 < g ( x) < 1
Y
y = log2x (b) logg(x) f (x) ≤ 0 ⇔ 
y = log4x 0 < f ( x) ≤ 1, g ( x) > 1
y = log10x
 f ( x) ≥ g ( x) a , g ( x) > 1
+
Domain : R
Range : R (c) logg(x) f (x) ≥ a ⇔  a
0 < f ( x ) ≤ g ( x ) , 0 < g ( x ) < 1
X
O Nature : one-one
y = log1/10x
0 < f ( x ) ≤ g ( x ) a , g ( x ) > 1
y = log1/4x (d) logg(x) f (x) ≤ a ⇔  a
y = log1/2x
 f ( x) ≥ g ( x) , 0 < g ( x) < 1
Note: (i) If the number and the base are on the same side of the
From - II: f (x) > 0, g(x) > 0, f(x) > 0, f(x) ≠ 1
unity, then the logarithm is positive.
(ii) If the number and the base are on the opposite sides of Form Collection of system
unity, then the logarithm is negative.
 f ( x) ≥ g ( x), φ( x) > 1,
(a) logφ(x) f (x) ≥ logφ(x) g(x) ⇔ 
EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION 0 < f ( x) ≤ g ( x);0 < φ( x) < 1

ADVANCED LEARNING  0 < f ( x) ≤ g ( x), φ( x) > 1,

(b) logφ(x) f (x) ≤ logφ(x) g(x) ⇔ 
If a > 0, a ≠ 1 then the function defined by f (x) = ax, x ∈ R is  f ( x) ≥ g ( x) > 0, 0 < φ( x) < 1
called an Exponential Function with base a.
Y
COMMON AND
NATURAL LOGARITHM
–x –x
y = 4 y = 10 x
y = 4 y = 2x
x
y=2
–x y =10
Domain : R

+
log10N is referred as a common logarithm and logeN is called
Range : R
a>1 as natural logarithm of N to the base Napierian and is popularly
Nature : one-one
written as n N. Note that e is an irrational quantity lying between
0<a<1 2.7 to 2.8 Note that en x = x.

X
O

LOGARITHMIC EQUATION Example 14: How many solutions are there for equation
The equality loga x = loga y is possible if and only if x = y log4 (x – 1) = log2 (x – 3)?
i.e. loga x = loga y ⇔ x = y Sol. log4 (x – 1) = log2 (x – 3)
Always check validity of given equation, (x > 0, y > 0, a > 0, ⇒ log22 (x – 1) = log2 (x – 3)
a ≠ 1)

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8 W JEE (XI) Module-1 MATHEMATICS
 1 1
⇒ log2 (x – 1) = log2 (x – 3) Example 18: If log 4 M + 4 log 4 N = 1+ log.008 5 then the
2 4
⇒ log2 (x – 1)1/2 = log2 (x – 3) value of MN16 = k.21/3, where k is equal to
⇒ (x – 1)1/2 = (x – 3) (a) 8 (b) 32
⇒ x – 1 = x2 – 6x + 9 (c) 36 (d) 40
⇒ (x – 2) (x – 5) = 0 1 log 2 5
⇒ x = 2, 5 Sol. log 2 M  2 log 2 N  1 
8 log 2 (.008)
But x – 1 > 0 and x – 3 > 0
log 2 10  1
x > 1 and x > 3  log 2 M 1/ 8  log 2 N 2  1 
3  3 log 2 10
So only one solution x = 5
 log 2  MN 16 
1/ 8 1 2
Example 15: Solve the logarithmic inequality  1 
3 3
4x + 6
log1/5 ≥0.
  MN 16 
1/ 8
x  22 / 3
Sol. Since log1/5 1 = 0, the given inequality can be written as.
 MN 16  216 / 3  32(21/ 3 )
4x + 6
log1/5 ≥ log1/5 1
x
When the domain of the function is taken into account
the inequality is equivalent to the system of inequalities.
 4x + 6 Concept Application
 x > 0,

 4x + 6 ≤ 1 33. Solve the inequality log1/3 (5x – 1) > 0.
 x
34. Suppose that a and b are positive real numbers such
Solving the inequalities by using method of intervals
7 2
–3 
x ∈  –2, 
that log27a + log9b =
2
and log27b + log9a = . Find
3
 2  the value of the ab.
Example 16: For x ≥ 0, what is the smallest possible value 35. If m1 = log8 16, m2 = log81 27, m3 = log1/3 1/9,
of the expression log(x3 – 4x2 + x + 26) – log(x + 2) ?
m4 = log1/3 9 3 then m1 . m2 . m3 ∙ m4
( x 3 − 4 x 2 + x + 26)
Sol. log
( x + 2) 36. If p = log 2 3 1728 , q = log2 (cos 45°), r = log2 (log2 4),
2
( x − 6 x + 13)( x + 2) prt
= log s = log3 (tan 30°), t = log625 125 then =
( x + 2) qs
= log (x2 – 6x + 13)  [ x ≠ – 2] 37. If log7 (log3 (log2 x)) = 0, then find log0.125 x.
= log{(x – 3)2 + 4}
38. Solve for x:
∴ Minimum value is log 4 when x = 3
2
(i) log3 x > 0 (ii) log5 x ≥ 0
Example 17: Given log2a = s, log4b = s2 and log c2 (8) = s 3 + 1 . (iii) log6 x < 0 (iv) log2 x ≤ 0
a 2 b5 (v) log1/7 x > 0 (vi) log1/8 x ≥ 0
Write log2 4 as a function of ‘s’ (a, b, c > 0, c ≠ 1).
c
(vii) log1/9 x < 0 (viii) log1/e x ≤ 0
Sol. Given log2a = s  ...(i)
2
log2b = 2s  ...(ii) (ix) log2 (x – 1) > 1 (x) log1/2 (x – 2) ≤ 1

s +1 3
39. Solve for x:
log8c2 =  ...(iii)
2 (i) log4 (2x – 3) < 2
2 log c s3 + 1
⇒ = ⇒ 4 log2c = 3(s3 + 1) ...(iv) (ii) log1/2 (3x – 2) ≥ 3
3log 2 2
to find 2 log2a + 5 log2b – 4 log2c (iii) log16 (log4 (x)) > 1
⇒ 2s + 10s2 – 3(s3 + 1) (iv) log1/2 (log1/4 (x)) < 1

Basic Mathematics and Logarithm 9

 (iii) a ≥ a, a ≥ −a
40. log2 (a2 – 5) = 2
41. log1/3 (a2 – 1) = –1 (iv) ab = a b

42. Prove that : 2 log 2 3

=3
log3 2 a a
(v) =
b b
43. If log1227 = a find the value of log616 in term of a.
Note: | f (x) | + | g(x) | = | f (x) + g(x) |
44. Solve for x:
(i) logx (2) . log2x 2 = log4x 2 ⇒ f (x) · g(x) ≥ 0

(ii) 5loga x + 5 x loga 5 =

3(a > 0)
(iii) x(log2 x) + 4 = 32
(iv) logx+1 (x2 + x – 6)2 = 4
(v) x + log10 (1 + 2x) = x ∙ log10 5 + log10 6 Example 19: The absolute value of sum of real solutions of
log2 |x2 + 5x + 4| = log2 3 + log2 |x + 1| is
45. Prove that loga N ∙ logb N + logb N ∙ logc N +
(a) 8 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 5
log a N ⋅ log b N ⋅ log c N
logc N ∙ loga N = log abc N
| ( x + 1)( x + 4) |
Sol. log 2 = log 2 3
 b a 
| x + 1|
 log a 4 ab + logb 4 ab − log a 4 + logb 4 ⋅ log a b
46. Prove that: 2


a b
 |x + 4| = 3
 2 if b ≥ a > 1 x + 4 = –3, +3
=  loga b x = –7, –1 (rejected); ⇒ x = –7
 2 if 1 < b < a
Example 20: Solve the following linear equation
4
47. Simplify: log1/3 729 ⋅ 9 ⋅ 27 3 −1 −4/3
(i) x | x | = 4
(ii) | x – 3 | + 2 | x + 1 | = 4
Sol. (i) x | x | = 4
ABSOLUTE VALUE FUNCTION / If x > 0
MODULUS FUNCTION ∴ x2 = 4 ⇒ x = ±2 ∴ x = 2 ( x ≥ 0)
If x < 0
This is also known as absolute value function and denoted by
⇒ –x2 = 4 ⇒ x2 = –4 which is not possible
 x, x≥0 (ii) | x – 3 | + 2 | x + 1 | = 4
f(x) = |x| i.e. f(x) = 
− x , x < 0 Case-I: If x ≤ – 1
Domain of this function is set of all real numbers because f(x) ∴ –(x – 3) –2 (x + 1) = 4
exists for all x ∈ R but |x| ≥ 0 so range is all non-negative real ⇒ –x + 3 –2 x – 2 = 4 ⇒ –3x + 1 = 4
numbers.
⇒ –3x = 3   ⇒ x = –1
f(x)
y Case-II: If –1 < x ≤ 3
∴ –(x – 3) + 2 (x + 1) = 4
⇒ –x + 3 + 2x + 2 = 4
x x
O x ⇒ x = – 1 which is not possible
y Case-III: If x > 3
x – 3 + 2(x + 1) = 4
Domain = R; Range = [0, ∞) or R+ ∪ {0}
3x – 1 = 4 ⇒ x = 5/3 which is not possible
Properties of modulus : For any a, b ∈ R
∴ x = –1
(i) | a | ≥ 0 Example 21: Number of real solutions of |x – 1| = |x – 2|
(ii) | a | = | –a | + |x – 3| is
(a) 0 (b) 1
(a) | a |n = | an |
(c) 2 (d) more than 2
(b) | an | = an , where n is even and n ∈ z

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10 W JEE (XI) Module-1 MATHEMATICS
 (iii) a ≤ | x | ≤ b (where a, b > 0)
Sol. It implies those value of x on real number line whose
Case-I: x ≤ 1, 1 – x = 2 – x + 3 – x distance from zero is equal to a or b or lies between a and b
x = 4 (rejected)
–b –a 0 a b
Case-II: 1 < x ≤ 2, x – 1 = 2 – x + 3 – x, x = 2

⇒ [–b, –a] ∪ [a, b]
Case-III: 2 < x < 3, x – 1 = x – 2 + 3 – x, x = 2
Case-IV: x ≥ 3, x – 1 = x – 2 + x – 3 e.g. 2 ≤ x ≤ 4 ⇒ x ∈ [–4, –2] ∪ [2, 4]
x = 4 ⇒ x = 2, 4 (iv) If | x + y | = | x | + | y |, xy ≥ 0
If | x – y | = | x | + | y |, xy ≤ 0
If | x + y | = || x | – | y ||, xy ≤ 0

Concept Application If | x – y | = || x | – | y ||, xy ≥ 0

48. Let x1, x2, x3, x4, x5 ∈ R and | x1 – x2 | = 2, | x2 – x3 | = 4,

| x3 – x4 | = 3, | x4 – x5 | = 5.

Then the sum of all distinct possible values of
| x5 – x1 | is Example 22: Solve x2 – 4| x | + 3 < 0.
49. The number of integers which does NOT satisfy Sol. x2 – 4| x | + 3 < 0
log|2x| (| x + 2| + | x – 2|) = 1 is ⇒ (| x | – 1) (| x | – 3) < 0
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3 ⇒1<|x|<3
⇒ – 3 < x < –1 or 1 < x < 3
50. The real solutions of the equation where |x|2 –3 |x|
+ 2 = 0 where x1 < x2 < x3 < x4 then ⇒ x ∈ (−3, −1) ∪ (1,3)
(a) |x1| = |x3| (b) |x2| = |x3| Example 23: Solve 1 ≤ | x – 2 | ≤ 3
Sol. 1 ≤ | x – 2 | ≤ 3
(c) x1 + x4 = x2 + x3 (d) –x2 + x4 = x1 – x3
⇒ –3 ≤ x – 2 ≤ – 1 or 1 ≤ x – 2 ≤ 3
51. Solve for x: ⇒ –1 ≤ x ≤ 1 or 3 ≤ x ≤ 5
(i) ||x – 2| –1| = 2 (ii) ||x – 3| –5| = 1 ⇒ x ∈ [–1, 1] ∪ [3, 5]
(iii) |||x – 5| –4| –3| = 2 Example 24: Solve | x –1 | + | x –2| + | x –3| ≥ 6,
Sol. For x ≤ 1, the given inequation becomes
1 – x + 2 – x + 3 – x ≥ 6 ⇒ –3x ≥ 0
⇒ x ≤ 0 and for x ≥ 3, the given equation becomes
INEQUALITIES INVOLVING x –1 + x –2 + x – 3 ≥ 6 ⇒ 3x ≥ 12 ⇒ x ≥ 4
ABSOLUTE VALUE For 1 < x ≤ 2
we get x – 1 + 2 – x + 3 – x ≥ 6
(i) | x | ≤ a (where a > 0) ⇒ –x+4≥6
It implies those values of x on real number line which are i.e. – x ≥ 2 ⇒ x ≤ –2 Not possible
at distance a or less than a from zero. For 2 < x < 3,
We get x – 1 + x – 2 + 3 – x ≥ 6
–a 0 a ⇒ x ≥ 6 not possible
⇒ –a ≤ x ≤ a Hence solution set is (–∞, 0] ∪ [4, ∞)
e.g. | x | ≤ 2 ⇒ –2 ≤ x ≤ 2 i.e. x ≤ 0 or x ≥ 4
|x| < 3 ⇒ –3 < x < 3
In general, |f(x)| ≤ a (where a > 0) ⇒ –a ≤ f (x) ≤ a.
(ii) | x | ≥ a (where a > 0) Concept Application
It implies those values of x on real number line which are
at distance a or more than a from zero
52. Solve x − 1 − 2 < 5
–a 0 a 53. Number of non-positive integral values of ‘x’ satisfying
⇒ x ≤ –a or x ≥ a the given inequality, |x2 – 1| ≤ |2x – 1| is
e.g. | x | ≥ 3 ⇒ x ≤ –3 or x ≥ 3 (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
| x | > 2 ⇒ x < –2 or x > 2 54. Solve |x2 – 2x| + |x – 4| > |x2 – 3x + 4|.
In general, |f(x)| ≥ a ⇒ f(x) ≤ – a or f (x) ≥ a

Basic Mathematics and Logarithm 11

 x3 61. Solve for x:
55. Solve 1.
x 1 (i) 2 ≤ |||x – 7| –3| +2| ≤ 5
56. Solve for x: (ii) ||||x – 5| –7| –3| –2| ≤ 1
(i) |x| > 1 (ii) |x| ≥ 5 (iii) |x| < 7 62. Solve for x:
(iv) |x| ≤ 10 (v) |x| ≥ 0 (vi) |x| < –8
(| x | − 1) (| x | − 1)(| x | − 3)
(vii) |x| > –4 (viii) |x| ≥ –5 (ix) |x| ≤ –10 (i) ≤0 (ii) ≥0
(| x | − 2) | x |2 − 2 | x |
57. Solve for x:
(i) |x – 1| > 1 (ii) |x – 2| < 1 (| x |2 − 5 | x | + 6)
(iii) ≤0
(iii) 1 < |2x + 1| < 3 (iv) 1 ≤ |1 – 2x| ≤ 3 (4 − | x |2 )
(v) –1 ≤ |3x – 1| ≤ 5 (vi) –6 ≤ |1 – 3x| ≤ –1 (iv) (||x – 1| –2| – 3)(|x – 2| –3) ≥ 0
58. Solve for x: (v) (|||x – 1| –2| –1| –2)(|x – 2|) ≥ 0
(i) ||x – 2| –1| ≤ 2 (ii) ||x – 3| –5| ≥ 1
63. Solve for x:
(iii) |||x – 5| –4| –3| ≤ 2
59. Solve for x: x−3 x +1 ( x + 1) 2
(i) ≤1 (ii) + | x + 1| =
1 3 1 x +1 x |x|
(i) ≤ | 2 x − 1| ≤ (ii) − ≤ | 3 x − 4 | ≤ 2
2 5 3 3
(iii) 1 + >2 (iv) |2x – 1| + |4 – 2x| < 3
10 x
(iii) 2 ≤ | 4 − 5 x | ≤ (iv) 3 < |x2 – 1| < 8
3 | x + 2|
 1  2 − | x|
60. Solve for x: (v)   >9
3
(i) |||x + 5| –3| –1| = 2
(ii) ||||x – 5| –7| –3| –2| = 1 64. Solve: ||x2 – 2x + 6| – |x + 6|| = |x2 – 3x|

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12 W JEE (XI) Module-1 MATHEMATICS
 AARAMBH (SOLVED EXAMPLES)
1. The value of 81(1/log53) + 27 log936 + 34/log79 is equal to 5. Values of x satisfying the equation
(a) 49 (b) 625 (c) 216 (d) 890 5
log52 x + log5x   = 1 are
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1) x
Sol. 81(1/ log5 3)
+ 27 log9 36 + 34/ log7 9 (a) 1 (b) 5
1 1
=34 log3 5 + 3
3. log3 36
2
+ 34 log9 7 (c) (d) 3
25
4 3/2 4/2  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
=3log3 5 + 3log3 36 + 3log3 7

5
= 54 + 363/ 2 + 7 2 = 890 Sol. (log5x)2 + log5x
=1
x
Therefore, option (d) is the correct answer. ⇒ (log5x)2 + log5x5 – log5xx = 1

2. The largest integral value of x satisfying
log 5 5 log 5 x
⇒ ( log 5 x ) +
2
− 1
=
18 x − 5 ≤ 2(18 x + 12) − 18 x + 5 is log 5 5 + log 5 x log 5 5 + log 5 x
(a) 0 (b) 1 1 log 5 x
⇒ (log5x)2 +
− 1
=
(c) 2 (d) no integral value of x possible 1 + log 5 x 1 + log 5 x
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1) Let log5x = t
Sol. Let =p 18x 1 t
∴ t2 + − 1
=
p − 5 + p + 5 ≤ 2( p + 12) 1+ t 1+ t

⇒ p − 5 + p + 5 + 2 p 2 − 25 ≤ 2 p + 24 t 2 (1 + t ) + 1 − t
⇒ 1
=
⇒ p 2 − 25 ≤ 12 ⇒ p 2 ≤ 169 ⇒ p ≤ 13 1+ t
Also p ≥ 5 ⇒ t3 + t2 + 1 – t = 1 + t

Thus 5 ≤ p ≤ 13 ⇒ log185 ≤ x ≤ log1813 t3 + t2 – 2t = 0

Therefore, option (d) is the correct answer. t (t2 + t – 2) = 0

3. Solve if |x – 5| + |x + 4| = 9
t (t – 1) (t + 2) = 0
(a) [–4, 5] (b) (–4, 5) (c) (–4, 5] (d) [–4, 5)
t = 0, 1, – 2
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1) ∴ log5x = 0, 1, –2

Sol. Given equation is of form |a| + |b| = |a – b| 1

∴ x = 1, 5,
It is true for ab ≤ 0 25
(x – 5)(x + 4) ≤ 0 Therefore, option (a,b,c) is the correct answers.
So x ∈ [–4, 5]
Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer. 6. The equation log x2 16 + log2x 64 = 3 has

(e − sin x)( x − 2) (a) One irrational solution

4. Solve ≥ 0.
( x + 4) (b) No prime solution
(a) (–∞, –4) ∪ [2, ∞) (b) (–∞, –4] ∪ (2, ∞) (c) Two real solutions
(c) (–∞, –4) ∪ (2, ∞) (d) None of these (d) One integral solution
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
Sol. Zeros x = 2, Pole x ≠ –4
4 log x 64
e – sin x > 0 always positive Sol. log x 2 +
2 log x 2 x
(e − sin x)( x − 2)
≥0 6 log x 2
( x + 4) ⇒ 2 log x 2 + 3
=
1 + log x 2
Final solution x ∈ (–∞, –4) ∪ [2, ∞)
Let α = logx2
Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer.
6α

∴ 2α + =3
1+ α

Basic Mathematics and Logarithm 13

 ⇒ 2α + 2α2 + 6α – 3 – 3α = 0
– (x – 5) + (x + 5) = 10
⇒ 2α2 + 5α – 3 = 0
⇒ – x + 5 + x + 5 = 10

⇒ (α + 3) (2α – 1) = 0 ⇒ a = – 3, 1/2 ⇒10 = 10 which is true.
∴ logx2 = – 3 ⇒ x = 2–1/3 (Irrational)
So, the solution is x ∈ (–5, 5)
Case-III: x ≤ – 5, The above equation becomes
1
or logx2 = ⇒ x = 4 (Integer) – (x – 5) – (x + 5) = 10
2
⇒ – x + 5 – x – 5 = 10
Therefore, option (a,b,c,d) is the correct answers.
⇒ – 2x = 10
1 ⇒ x = – 5 which satisfies the above case so, accepted.
7. If ≤ log0.1 x ≤ 2, then
2 ∴ final answer is x ∈ [–5, 5]
1
(a) Maximum value of x is Therefore, option (b,c) is the correct answers.
10
1 1 10. If logax = b for permissible values of a and x then identify
(b) x lies between and the statements(s) which can be correct?
100 10
1 (a) If a and b are two irrational numbers then x can be
(c) Minimum value of x is rational.
10
1 (b) If a rational and b irrational then x can be rational.
(d) Minimum value of x is (c) If a irrational and b rational then x can be rational.
100
(d) If a rational and b rational then x can be rational.
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
1/ 2 2
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
1 1 1
Sol. ≤ log0.1x ≤ 2 ⇒
  ≥x≥   Sol. (a) a = ( 2) is irrational
2
2 10
   10 
b = 2 is also irrational
Therefore, option (a,b,d) is the correct answers.
( )
2
2
log 3 135 log 3 5 but a b = 2 = 2 which is rational ⇒ (a) is correct.
8. Let N = − . Then N is
log15 3 log 405 3 (b) a = 2 ∈ Q ; b = log2 3 ∉Q
(a) a natural number (b) a prime number ab = 2log23 = 3 ∈ Q ⇒ (b) is correct
(c) a rational number (d) an integer Therefore, option (a,b,c,d) is the correct answers.
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1) 11. Match the column:

Sol. = log3135 log315 – log35 log3405 Column-I Column-II

= log3(5 × 33) . log3(5 × 3) – log3 5. log3 (5 × 34) A. The roots of log2(x +e) = p. Positive Number
= (log35 + log333) (log35 + log33) – log35 (log35 + log334) log2x + log2e is a
= (x + 3) (x + 1) – x (x + 4) B. The solution of log1/5 (2x2 q. Rational Number
+ 5x +1) < 0 contains
{Let log35 = x}
C. log π r. Irrational Number
= x2 + 4x + 3 – x2 – 4x = 3 sin
π is
6
which is Prime, rational Integer and natural number D. log 5.log 20 + log 2 2 s. Negative Number
10 10 10
Therefore, option (a,b,c,d) is the correct answers. simplifies to
9. If |x – 5| + |x + 5| = 10, then
(a) A→(p, r) ; B→(p, q, r, s) ; C→(r, s) ; D→(p, q)
(a) The number of integral solutions is 10 (b) A→(p, q, r, s) ; B→(p, r) ; C→(r, s) ; D→(p, q)
(b) The number of integral solutions is 11 (c) A→(r, s) ; B→(p, q, r, s) ; C→(p, r) ; D→(p, q)
(c) The sum of all the integral solutions is 0 (d) A→(p, q) ; B→(p, q, r, s) ; C→(r, s) ; D→(p, r)
(d) All the solutions of the equation are rational numbers  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1) Sol. (A) x + e = xe
Sol. |x – 5| + |x + 5| = 10
x(e – 1) = e ⇒ x =
e
Case-I: x ≥ 5, the equation becomes e −1
(x – 5) + (x + 5) = 10 (B) 2x2 + 5x + 1 > 1 and 2x2 + 5x + 1 > 0
⇒ 2x = 10 ⇒ 2x2 + 5x + 1 > 1
⇒ x = 5 which satisfies the case, therefore accepted. ⇒ (x)(2x + 5) > 0
Case-II: – 5 < x < 5 The above equation becomes

P
14 W JEE (XI) Module-1 MATHEMATICS
  −5  x x 4

⇒ x ∈  −∞,  ∪ (0, ∞) = 1,= .
 2  y y 9
2 x = y disregarded as for x = y, 2y – 3x is negative.
(D) (1 − log10 2)(1 + log10 2) + log10 2
y 9

2 2
⇒ 1 − log10 2 + log 10 2 =
1 Hence = .
x 4
Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer. Therefore, 2.25 is the correct answer.
12. Let y = log 2 3·log 2 12·log 2 48·log 2 192 + 16 14. Sum of all the solutions of the equation
– log212·log248 + 10. log6(x2 – 1) – log 6 ( x − 6) 2 = log6(x + 1)2 is a + b ,(a, b ∈ N).
Find y ∈ N. Then a + b is equal to
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)

Sol. y = log 2 3·log 2 12·log 2 48·log 2 192 + 16 Sol. log6(x2 – 1) – log 6 ( x − 6) 2= log 6 ( x + 1) 2
– log212 · log248 + 10 ( x − 1)( x + 1)
⇒ log 6
= log 6 | x − 6 |
= log 2 3 · ( 2 + log 2 3) ( 4 + log 2 3) ( 6 + log 2 3) + 16 − ( x + 1) 2
( 2 + log 2 3) ( 4 + log 2 3) + 10
 ( x − 1) 
⇒ log 6  =
  log 6 | x − 6 |
Let us put log23 = x  ( x + 1) 
x −1
= x ( 2 + x ) ( 4 + x ) ( 6 + x ) + 16 − ( 2 + x ) ( 4 + x ) + 10
⇒ = | x−6|
x +1
= ( x + 6 x ) ( x + 6 x + 8 ) + 16 − ( x + 6 x + 8 ) + 10
2 2 2
Case-I: x ≥ 6
Put again x2 + 6x = α ⇒ x – 1 = x2 – 5x – 6
= α ( α + 8 ) + 16 − ( α + 8 ) + 10
⇒ x2 – 6x – 5 = 0
⇒ (x – 3)2 = 14
= α 2 + 8α + 16 − ( α + 8 ) + 10

⇒ x = 3 ± 14
= ( α + 4 ) − ( α + 8 ) + 10
2
x = 3 – 14 < 1 rejected
= ( α + 4 ) − ( α + 8 ) + 10 = y = 6. x = 3 + 14 accepted
Therefore, 6 is the correct answer. Case-II: x < 6
13. If ‘x’ and ‘y’ are real numbers such that, x – 1 = –(x2 – 5x – 6)
y ⇒ x2 – 4x – 7 = 0
2 log(2y – 3x) = log x + log y, find . (x – 2)2 = 11
x
(truncated upto two decimal) x= 2 ± 11
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1) x= 2 + 11 (accepted)
Sol. log(2y – 3x)2
= log xy x= 2 − 11 (accepted)
2
⇒ (2y – 3x) = xy Sum of roots = 7 + 14
⇒ 4y2 – 12xy + 9x2 = xy ⇒ a = 7, b = 14
Dividing the equation by y2 a + b = 21
2 Therefore, 21 is the correct answer.
x x

9   − 13 + 4 =0
 y y
x   9x 

 − 1  − 4 =
0
y  y 

Basic Mathematics and Logarithm 15

 SCHOOL LEVEL PROBLEMS
SINGLE CORRECT TYPE QUESTIONS VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1. If p1 and p2 are two odd prime numbers such that p1 > p2, 10. If log72 = m, then log4928 is
then p12 – p22 is  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
(a) an even number (b) an odd number
(c) An odd prime number (d) a prime number 4 6
11. ≤3≤
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1) x +1 x +1
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
2. The smallest number by which 27 should be multiplied
to get a rational number is 11n + 3 + 3 × 11n +1
12. Simplify
(a) 27 (b) 3 3 (c) 3 (d) 3 5 × 11n +1 − 11n × 3
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
3. If a + ib = c + id, then 13. Solve modulus and find the interval of x for |x2 – 5x + 6|
(a) a2 + c2 = 0 (b) b2 + c2 = 0  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
(c) b2 + d2 = 0 (d) a2 + b2 = c2 + d2
x+ y y+z z+x
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1) 14. If = = , then find x : y : z.
2 3 4
5 2 x
4. If ( 5) × 25 =5 × 5 5 , then x is equal to  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5 5
6 x− 4
2401
15.   = , find value of x
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1) 7 875
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
x −1 x −3
a b
5. If   =  , then the value of x is 16. If the sum of the first 20 terms of the series
b a
1 7 log 71/2 x + log 71/3 x + log 71/4 x +… is 460, then x is equal to:

(a) (b) 1 (c) 2 (d)
2 2
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1) LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
2 2 x − 1 3x − 2 2 − x
6. If of A = 75% of B = 0.6 of C, then A : B : C is 17. Solve ≥ −
3 3 4 5
(a) 2 : 3 : 3 (b) 3 : 4 : 5
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
(c) 4 : 5 : 6 (d) 9 : 8 : 10
18. Evaluate the following
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
1 1
7. If log105 + log10(5x + 1) = log10(x + 5) + 1, then x is equal log9 + log81 + 2log6 − log12
to: 2
4
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 10  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
19. Simplify ( 6a −2 bc −3 / 4ab −3 c 2 ) ÷ ( 5a −3b 2 c −1 / 3ab −2 c 3 )
8. If log8p = 25 and log2q = 5, then
(a) p = q15 (b) p2 = q3  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
(c) p = q5 (d) p3 = q 20. Solve for x, |x – 1| – |x – 2| = 10
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
9. If 4x + 3 < 6x + 7, then x belongs to the interval 21. Solve for x : log2x – 3log1/2x = 6
(a) (2, ∞) (b) (–2, ∞)  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
(c) (–∞, 2) (d) (–4, ∞)
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)

P
16 W JEE (XI) Module-1 MATHEMATICS
 PRARAMBH (TOPICWISE)
BASIC CONCEPTS AND NUMBER SYSTEM 8. If x, y are integral solutions of 2x2 – 3xy – 2y2 = 7, then value
of |x + y| is
1. Let x ∈ Q, y ∈ Qc, Which of the following statement is
(a) 2 (b) 4
always WRONG?
(c) 6 (d) 2 or 4 or 6
(a) xy ∈ Qc
(b) y/x ∈ Q, whenever defined  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
9. If a, b, c are real, then a(a – b) + b(b – c) + c(c – a) = 0, only if
(c) 2 x + y ∈ Q
(a) a + b + = 0
(d) x/y ∈ Qc, whenever defined
(b) a = b = c
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
(c) a = b or b = c or c = a
2. I f x a n d y a r e t w o r a t i o n a l n u m b e r s s u c h t h a t
(d) a – b – c = 0
(x + y) + (x − 2y) 2 = 2x − y + ( x − y − 1) 6 , then:
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
(a) x = 1, y = 1
10. If 2x3– 5x2
+ x + 2 = (x – 2) (ax2 – bx – 1), then a & b are
(b) x = 2, y = 1
respectively
(c) x = 5, y = 1
(a) 2, 1 (b) 2, – 1
(d) x and y can take infinitely many values
(c) 1, 2 (d) –1, 1/2
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
3. Which of the following statement is incorrect:
(a) rational number + rational number = rational number 11. The value of [e] – [– π] is, where [.] denotes greatest integer
function.
(b) irrational number + rational number = irrational number
(a) 5 (b) 6
(c) integer + rational number = rational number
(c) 7 (d) 8
(d) irrational number + irrational number = Irrational
number  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
1 1 1 1 1
12. If L     
4. The number of real roots of the equation 7 8 7 6 3 8 52 5 6
(x − 1)2 + (x − 2)2 + (x − 3)2 = 0 is:

 1  2 a  2 b , then a × b is equal to
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
(a) 30 (b) 45
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
(c) 8 (d) 0
5. If x – a is a factor of x3 – a2x + x + 2, then ‘a’ is equal to
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) –2 (d) 1
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1) 13. If a, b, c are real and distinct numbers, then the value of
6. Every irrational number can be expressed on the number (a − b)3 + (b − c)3 + (c − a )3
line. This statement is is
(a − b)(b − c)(c − a )
(a) Always true
(a) 1 (b) a b c
(b) Never true
(c) 2 (d) 3
(c) True subject to some condition
(d) None of these  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)

 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1) 14. The remainder obtained when the polynomial

7. The multiplication of a rational number ‘x’ and an irrational

1 + x + x 3 + x 9 + x 27 + x81 + x 243 is divided by x – 1 is
number ‘y’ is (a) 3 (b) 5
(a) Always rational (c) 7 (d) 11
(b) Rational except when y = π  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
(c) Always irrational
(d) Irrational except when x = 0
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)

Basic Mathematics and Logarithm 17

LOGARITHM AND ITS PRINCIPLE (a) zero (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) More than 2
PROPERTIES
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
1 1 1
15. 1 + log a + log c + 1 + log a + log b + 1 + log b + log c 23. The number log27 is
b b c c a a
(a) an integer (b) a rational number
has the value equal to
(c) an irrational number (d) a prime number
1
(a) abc (b)  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
abc
24. Anti logarithm of 0.75 to the base 16 has the value equal to
(c) 0 (d) 1
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 12
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
16. log 7 log 7 7( 7 7 ) = 25. The sum of all the solutions to the equation
2logx – log (2x – 75) = 2:
(a) 3 log2 7 (b) 1 – 3 log37
(a) 30 (b) 350 (c) 75 (d) 200
(c) 1 – 3log72 (d) 1 – 10 log27
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1) INEQUALITIES
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
1 1 1
17. + + has the value equal to 2
26. If the solution set of the inequality log 0.9 log 5 ( x + 5 + x )
log bc
abc log ca
abc log ab
abc
> 0 contains ‘n’ integral values, then n equals to
(a) 1/2 (b) 1
(a) 7 (b) 8 (c) 6 (d) 10
(c) 2 (d) 4
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
1
27. If log0.5 log5 (x2 – 4) > log0.51, then ‘x’ lies in the interval
18. If   logx log18 ( 2 + 8) =. Then the value of 1000 x is equal to
3 (a) ( −3, − 5 ) ∪ ( 5, 3) (b) ( −3, − 5 ) ∪ ( 5, 3 5 )
(a) 8 (b) 1/8
(c) 1/125 (d) 125 (c) ( 5, 3 5 ) (d) φ
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
19. Number of real solutions of the equation 28. Solution set of the inequality 2 − log2 (x2 + 3x) ≥ 0 is:
(a) [− 4, 1]
log10 ( − x ) = log10 x 2 is :
(b) [− 4, − 3) ∪ (0, 1]
(a) none (b) exactly 1 (c) (− ∞, − 3) ∪ (1, ∞)
(c) exactly 2 (d) 4 (d) (− ∞, − 4) ∪ [1, ∞)
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
20. Greatest integer less than or equal to the number MODULUS FUNCTION
log2 15.log1/6 2.log3 1/6 is  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1 29. Solutions of |4x + 3| + |3x – 4| = 12 are
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1) 7 3 5 2
(a) x = − , (b) x = − ,
3 7 2 5
log a
11 13 3 7
1
2 3
2 − 3log27 ( a +1) − 2a
24
(c) x = − , (d) x = − ,
21. The ratio simplifies to 7 7 7 5
7 4 log49 a − a − 1
(a) a2 – a – 1 (b) a2 + a – 1  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
2
(c) a – a + 1 (d) a2 + a + 1 |x2
30. If – 2x – 8| + |x2 + x – 2| = 3 |x + 2|, then the set of all real
values of x is
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
(a) [1, 4] ∪ {–2} (b) [1, 4]
22. If 32 log3 x – 2x – 3 = 0, then the number of values of ‘x’ (c) [–2, 1] ∪ [4,∞) (d) (–∞, –2] ∪ [1, 4]
satisfying the equation is
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)

P
18 W JEE (XI) Module-1 MATHEMATICS
 31. The complete set of real ‘x’ satisfying ||x – 1| – 1| ≤ 1 is: (a) x = 5, 2 (b) x = 4, 1
(a) [0, 2] (b) [− 1, 3] (c) x = 3, 8 (d) x = 1, 5
(c) [− 1, 1] (d) [1, 3]  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1) 37. If x, y, z are positive real number and a, b, c are rational
32. The number of real roots of the equation |x|2 – 3|x| + 2 = 0 is 1 1
numbers, then the value of + +
(a) 1 (b) 2 1 + xb − a + x c − a 1 + x a −b + x c −b
1
(c) 3 (d) 4 is
1 + x + xa −c
b−c

 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)

2 (a) –1 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) 2
33. Number of real solution (x) of the equation | x − 3 |3 x −10 x + 3
= 1 is  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
(a) exactly four (b) exactly three x
If a
38. = b,by
= 3
c and
= cz a then the value of xyz is
(c) exactly two (d) exactly one
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1) 1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 3 6 12
MISCELLANEOUS (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)

34. Simplify: 7 log3 5 + 3log5 7 − 5log3 7 − 7 log5 3
log a log b log c
(a) 0 (b) 1 39. If = = , then aa . bb . cc =
b−c c−a a −b
(c) 3 (d) 4
(a) 3 (b) 1
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
(c) 4 (d) 2
35. The expression x2 – y2 – z2 + 2yz + x + y – z has a factor
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
(a) x + y + z + 1 (b) –x + y + z
(c) x + y – z + 1 (d) x – y + z + 1 40. The number of prime numbers satisfying the inequality
(JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
 x2 − 1
< 3 is
2x + 5
3x 4 + x 2 − 2 x − 3 5 x 4 + 2 x 2 − 7 x + 3
36. Solve the equation = (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
3x 4 − x 2 + 2 x + 3 5 x 4 − 2 x 2 + 7 x − 3
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)

PRABAL (JEE MAIN LEVEL)

1. If A & B are two rational numbers and AB, A + B and
4. Logarithm of 32 5 4 to the base 2 2 is
A – B are rational numbers, then A/B is
(a) 3.6 (b) 5
(a) Always rational (b) Never rational
(c) 5.6 (d) 10
(c) Rational when B ≠ 0 (d) Rational when A ≠ 0
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
5. If x = loga(bc), y = logb(ca), z = logc(ab), then which of the
( ) , then x = following is equal to 1
x
x3 x
2. If x = x. x
3

(a) x + y + z
(a) 1 (b) –1
(b) (1 + x)–1 + (1 + y)–1 + (1 + z)–1
(c) 0 (d) 2
(c) xyz
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1) (d) x + y – z
( x + 2)
2
( x + 2)
2
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
3. The equation 4 − 9.2 + 8 =has
0 the solution
(a) x = ± 1 (b) x = 10 6. The solution of the equation log7 log5 ( )
x2 + 5 + x =0.
(c) x = ± 2 (d) x = 3 (a) x = 2 (b) x = 3
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1) (c) x = 4 (d) x = – 2
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)

Basic Mathematics and Logarithm 19

 ( 0.1+ 0.01+ 0.001+........) (a) [0, 4) (b) (– 4, 4)
7. The value of ( 0.05 )log 20
is
(c) R – {4, – 4, 0} (d) {0}
1
(a) 81 (b)  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
81
1 17. Let 3a = 4, 4b = 5, 5c = 6, 6d = 7, 7e = 8 and 8f = 9. The value
(c) 20 (d) of the product (abcdef) is :
20
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 6 (d) 3
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
21
98.
.. 18. There are two positive solutions to the equation
8. The value of log 2 .log 3 ....log100 10099 is 3
log2x2 + log4 2x = − . The product of these two solution is:
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 100! 2
1 1 1 1
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1) (a) (b) (c) (d)
32 8 2 21
9. The number of solution of log2(x + 5) = 6 – x is
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
(a) 2 (b) 0 (c) 3 (d) 1
19. Number of real value of x satisfying the equation
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1) x2  1
log 2 (2 x 2  2 )  is :
10. If log102 = 0.30103, log103 = 0.47712, the number of digits x2  2
in 312 × 28 is (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
(a) 7 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d) 10  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1) 20. Number of values of x satisfying the equation
x 4  | x |log 2 ( x 12 )
2
11. Exhaustive set of values of x satisfying is:
log|x| (x2 + x + 1) ≥ 0 is (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
(a) (–1, 0) (b) (–∞, –1) ∪ (1, ∞)  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
(c) (–∞, ∞) – {–1, 0, 1} (d) (–∞, –1) ∪ (–1, 0) ∪ (1, ∞) 21. The number of zeros after decimal before the start of any
significant digit in the number N = (0.15)20 are :
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
(a) 15 (b) 16 (c) 17 (d) 18
12. The set of real values of x satisfying
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
log1/ 2 ( x 2 − 6 x + 12 ) ≥ −2 is

22. If n, k ∈ N, then the smallest value of k such that
(a) ( −∞, 2] (b) [2, 4] k + 2k + 3k + ... + 24k = n3 is
(c) [ 4, +∞ ) (d) [3, 8] (a) 100 (b) 90 (c) 120 (d) 60
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
13. If log0.04(x – 1) ≥ log0.2(x – 1) then x belongs to the interval
(a) (1, 2] (b) (–∞, 2] a b c
23. If a, b, c ∈ R and a, b, c ≠ 0 such that    6 and
(c) [2, ∞) (d) (–∞, 2) b c a
b c a a 3 b3 c 3
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)    8 then 3  3  3  3 is equal to
a b c b c a
14. If log0.3(x – 1) < log0.09(x – 1), then x lies in the interval
(a) 81 (b) 48 (c) 72 (d) 84
(a) (2, ∞) (b) (– 2, –1)
(c) (1, 2) (d) (–2, 2)  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1) 24. If 3x = 5y, then how many ordered pairs (x, y), x, y ∈ R satisfy
15. The minimum value of f(x) = |x – 1| + |x – 2| + |x – 3| is the given equation?
equal to (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) Infinite
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 0
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
25. The value of x + y + z satisfying the system of equations
16. The set of real value(s) of p for which the equation
| 2x + 3 | + | 2x – 3 | = px + 6 has more than two solutions log2 x + log4 y + log4 z = 2 is
is : log3 y + log9 z + log9 x = 2

P
20 W JEE (XI) Module-1 MATHEMATICS
 log4 z + log16 x + log16 y = 2  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
175 349 353 112 34. If x + y = a and x2 + y2 = b, then the value of (x3 + y3) is
(a) (b) (c) (d)
12 24 24 3 (a) ab (b) a2 + b
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1) 3ab − a 3
(c) a + b2 (d)
2
26. Which is the correct order for a given number a, a > 1
(a) log2 a < log3 a < loge a > log10 a  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
(b) log10 a < log3 a < loge a > log2 a 35. If x + y + z = 0, then a factor of the expression
(c) log10 a < loge a < log2 a > log3 a (x + y)3 + (y + z)3 + (z + x)3 is
(d) loge a < log3 a < log2 a > log10 a (a) 3(x + y)(y + z)(z + x) (b) 3xyz
(c) (x + y – z) (d) (x – y + z)
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
1
27. The smallest integral value of x such that x2  x2  36. The number of real solution/s of the equation
10
is 9log3(logex) = loge x – (loge x)2 + 1 is:
(a) 400 (b) 20 (c) 401 (d) 399 (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)

28. 10
log p (log q (log r x ))
= 1 and logq (logr (logp x)) = 0 then ‘p’ equals 37. The set of all the solutions of the inequality log1–x (x – 2) ≥ –1
is
(a) rq/r (b) rq (c) 1 (d) rr/q (a) (–∞, 0) (b) (2, ∞)
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1) (c) (–∞, 1) (d) f
29. Which one of the following is the smallest?  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)

(a) log10p (b) log10 π2 x2 − 1

38. The complete solution of ≥ 0 & x 2 − 5 x + 2 ≤ 0 is:
3
x+3
 1   1 
(c)   (d)    5 − 17 5 + 17   5 + 17 
 log10 π   log10 π  (a) x ∈  ,  (b) x ∈ 1, 
 2 2   2 
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
(c) x ∈ (−3, −1] (d) (–3, –1) ∪ [1, ∞)

30. The set of all solutions of the inequality (1/ 2) x

2
−2 x
< 1/ 4  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
contains the set 39. The number of the integral solutions of
(a) (–∞, 0) (b) (–∞, 1) (c) (1, ∞) (d) (3, ∞) x2 + 9 < (x + 3)2 < 8x + 25 is:
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
31. The value of b satisfying the equation,
loge2 ∙ logb625 = log1016 ∙ loge10 is 40. Number of non-negative integral values of x satisfying the
(a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 9 (d) 10 2 1 2x −1
inequality 2 − − 3 ≥ 0 is
x − x +1 x +1 x +1
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
32. The solution set of the system of equation
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
2
log3x + log3y = 2 + log32 and log27(x + y) = is:
3 1
41. The solution set of inequality log (3 x2 +1) 2 <
(a) {6, 3} (b) {9, 6} 2
(c) {6, 12} (d) {12, 6} (a) |x| > 1
(b) |x| < 1
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
(c) f
33. Which of the following statements are true?
(d) None of these
(a) log23 < log1210 (b) log65 < log78
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
(c) log326 > log29 (d) log1615 > log1011 > log76

Basic Mathematics and Logarithm 21

  1  50. If N = 7 log49 900 , A = 2log2 4 + 3log2 4 + 4log2 2 − 4 log 2 3,
42. The solution set of log 4 + 1 + = log 3 log ( (3)1/ x + 27 )
 2x 
D = (log5 49)(log7 125)
(a) (1/4, 1/2) (b) {1/4, 1/2}
Find P log  N  | N + A + D + 6 | − log 5 2,
=
(c) (1/4, 1/2] (d) None of these  A− 
 10 

 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)

 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
 2x − 6  51. If a + b + c = 1, + a2 b2 + c2 = 9, a3 + b3 + c3 = 1, then find
43. The solution set of log 7  >0
 2x −1  1 1 1
value of + + .
 1  1 a b c
(a)  −∞,  (b)  −∞, 
 2  2
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
 1 1
(c)  − ,  (d) None of these 52. a + b + c = 10 and ab + bc + ac = 20 then find the value of
 2 2
a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
44. If logx–3(2x – 3) is a meaningful quantity then find the 53. (a – b)3 + (b – c)3 + (c – a)3 = p(a – b)(b – c)(c – a),
interval in which x must lie. then p =
(a) x ∈ (3, 4] ∪ (4, ∞) (b) x ∈ [3, 4) ∪ (4, ∞) (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)

(c) x ∈ (3, 4) ∪ (4, ∞) (d) None of these
54. The value of 5 5 5 5......... is
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1) (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
(a 2 − b 2 )3 + (b 2 − c 2 )3 + (c 2 − a 2 )3 
45. =
(a − b)3 + (b − c)3 + (c − a )3 3 1
55. If x = 7 + 5 2 − , then the value of x3 + 3x – 14
(a) (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) (b) 1 3
7+5 2
(c) 3 (d) None of these is equal to (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)

INTEGER TYPE QUESTIONS 1/ 4
  1 −2 −1/3 
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)   
56.   2    = 7 x then –3x =
  7   
 
46. Suppose x, y, z > 0 and different than one and ln x + ln y +
1 1 1 1
1 + 1
+
1 +  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
ln z = 0. If k = x ln y ln z ⋅ y ln z ln x ⋅ z ln x ln y . The k =
e 57. Number of cyphers after decimal before a significant figure
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1) 5
−100

starts in   is equal to [Use: log102 = 0.3010]

47. If log2 (log3 (log4 (x))) = 0 and log3 (log4 (log2 (y))) = 0 and 4
log4 (log2 (log3 (z))) = 0 then the sum of x, y and z is
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
48. Let log2 x + log4 x + log8 x = logk x for all x ∈ R+. If k = b a 58. Number of real solution of log5 [2 + log3 (x + 3)] = 0 is
where a, b ∈ N then find the smallest positive value of  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
(a + b). (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1) 59. If 4A + 9B = 10C, where A = log164, B = log39 & C = logx83,
49. Find the value of the expression then find x.
 2 3 
6 + 6 
.
 log 4 (2000) log 5 (2000) 
6

 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)

P
22 W JEE (XI) Module-1 MATHEMATICS
 PARIKSHIT (JEE ADVANCED LEVEL)

SINGLE CORRECT TYPE QUESTIONS (a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 2

 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
p p p
1. The expression log p log p .......... p , where p ≥ 2,
p


n radical sign
MULTIPLE CORRECT TYPE QUESTIONS
p ∈ N; n ∈ N when simplifies is  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
(a) Independent of p 1 
 + log 1 27 + log343 81
2
(b) Independent of p and of n 8. The roots of the equations |x| = 49 7 
include
(c) Dependent on both p and n (a) One positive number greater than 1 only
(d) Positive
(b) Two real number
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
2
(c) Two irrational number
2. The solution set of the inequality log  π  ( x − 3 x + 2) ≥ 2 (d) One negative rational number
sin  
is 3
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
1   5
(a)  , 2  (b) 1,  9. Which of the following is true?
2   2
(a) (log102)2 + 1 > log104
1   5 (b) log1090 > log550
(c)  ,1 ∪  2,  (d) (1, 2)
2   2 (c) log4 log3 log2 16 > log16 4
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1) (d) 2(log10 3)2 –3(log10 2)2 > (log10 2) × (log10 3)
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
3. If log 4 {log 3 {log 2 ( x − 2 x + a )}} is defined ∀ x ∈ R, then
2

the set of values of ‘a’ is 10. Indicate all correct alternatives, where base of the log is 2.
3 5
(log 2 x )2 + log 2 x −
(a) [9, ∞) (b) [10, ∞) The equation x 4 4 = 2 has:

(c) [15, ∞) (d) [2, ∞) (a) At least one real solution

 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1) (b) Exactly three real solutions
(c) Exactly one irrational solution
(16)1/ x (d) Imaginary roots
4. Number of integers, which satisfy the inequality, x+3 > 1
is equal to: (2 )
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
(a) Infinite (b) Zero (c) 1 (d) 4  2 9 
(log3 x ) − 2 log3 x + 5
11. The equation x 
= 3 3 has 
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
(a) Exactly three real solution
(b) At least one real solution
(3x − 4 x ) ⋅ ln( x + 2)
5. The solution set of inequality ≤ 0 is (c) Exactly one irrational solution
x 2 − 3x − 4
(d) Complex roots
(a) (−∞, 0] ∪ (4, ∞) (b) (−2, 0] ∪ (4, ∞)  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
(c) (−1, 0] ∪ (4, ∞) (d) (−2, −1) ∪ (−1, 0) ∪ (4, ∞)
12. Solution set of the inequality
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1) 2
 x3  32
( log 2 x ) −  log1 2  + 9 log 2  2  < 4 log1 2 x ( )
4 2
6. Number of values of x in the interval (0, 5) satisfying the is
 8  x 
ln( x 2 + 1 + x ) + ln( x 2 + 1 − x ) (a, b) ∪ (c, d) then the correct statement is
equation = x, is
ln x (a) a = 2b and d = 2c
(JEE (b) b = 2a and d = 2c
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c)Arjuna
3 Mathematics
(d) 0 M-1)
(c) logcd = logba
 (d) there are 4 integers in (c, d)
1
 1 12  2
10 times
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
 
7. If A = log 5   5 2   , then value of log 3
(1024A + 1), 13. Choose the correct from the following
   3
  1

81log5 9 + 3
log 6 3
 2

is equal to (a)  ( 7) log25 7 − (125)log25 6  =
1
409  
 

Basic Mathematics and Logarithm 23

 log1/5
1
 4   1  D. Let l = (log34 + log29)2 – (log34 – s. 5
(b) 5 2
+ log   + log1/ 2  6
 = log 5
2
 7+ 3  (10 + 2 21)  log29)2 and m = (0.8) (1 + 9log3 8 ) 65
1
then (l + m) is divisible by
2 + log(16)
(c) 10
2
= 20 t. 6
(d) None of these (a) A → r, t, s; B → q; C → r, s, q; D → q, r
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1) (b) A → q, r, s, t; B → p; C → q, r; D → r, s
14. Choose the correct from the following (c) A → q, r, s, t; B → p; C → q, r, s, t; D → p, r, s
1  (d) A → t; B → s; C → q, t; D → r, s
(a) log2 (log1/2 (x)) < 2, for all x ∈  , 1
 16   (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
(b) log1/2 (log3 (x)) > 3, for all x ∈ (1, 31/8)
19. Match the column:
(c) (log2 (x) – 1)(log3 (x) – 2) ≤ 0, for all x ∈ [2, 9]
Column-I Column-II
 1
(d) (log2 (x) – 1)(log1/2 (x) – 2) ≤ 0, for all x ∈  0,  ∪ [ 2, ∞ )
 4 A. logsin 30° (cos 60°) + 1 p. 3

COMPREHENSION BASED QUESTIONS B. log 4/3 (1.3) + 3 q. 5

Comprehension (Q. No. 15 to 17): Let α and β are the solutions C. r. 4

log 2 − 3 (2 + 3) + 6
( )
log5 x −1
of the equation x = 5 where α ∈ I and β ∈ Q Then D. logtan 20° tan 70° + 4 s. 2
[Use: log102 = 0.3010, log103 = 0.4771]
E. log t. 0
cot 40° tan 50°
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
F. log0.125 (8) + 8 u. –1
15. The number of significant digits before decimal in (α)10 is
G. log1.5 (0.6) + 9 v. 8
(a) 13 (b) 14
(c) 15 (d) None of these H. log 2.25 (0.4) w. 7

 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1) I. log10 (0.9) x. 1

16. Number of zeros after decimal before a significant digit in
(a) A → q, B → p, C → s, D → v, E → u, F → u, G → q,
(β)10 is H → w, I → x
(a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 6
(b) A → s, B → r, C → q, D → p, E → x, F → w, G → v,
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1) H → u, I → t
17. The value of (β)log25 9 is (c) A → s, B → v, C → t, D → p, E → t, F → u, G → w,
1 1 H → x, I → w
(a) (b) 5 (c) (d) 9 (d) A → q, B → s, C → r, D → v, E → u, F → v, G → v,
3 5
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1) H → w, I → x
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
MATCH THE COLUMN TYPE QUESTIONS
20. Match the following columns:
(JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
Column-I Column-II
18. Match the Column:
Column-I
A. The value(s) of x, which does not p.
Column-II
2
A.
If a = 3 ( 8+ 2 7 − 8−2 7 , ) p. −1

satisfy the equation log22 (x2 – x) – 4 = b (42)(30) + 36 then the value of

log2(x – 1) log2x = 1, is (are)
logab is equal to
B. The value of x satisfying the equation q. 3
ln 5log5 7
log7 10log10 (8 x −3)
B. q. 1
2log2 e = 13, is If a = 4+2 3 − 4−2 3,
C.  1 1  r. 4 =b (42)(30) + 36 then the value of
The number N=  +  is
less than  log 2 π log 6 π  logab is equal to

P
24 W JEE (XI) Module-1 MATHEMATICS
 25. If complete solution set of inequality
C. r. 2
If a =+ 3 2 2 , b =− 3 2 2 then the log1/2 (x + 5)2 > log1/2 (3x − 1)2 is (−∞, p) ∪ (q, r) ∪ (s, ∞)

value of logab is equal to  p2 + q2 + r 2 
then find 3  
 s2 
D. s. 2 + 2log23
If a = 7 + 7 2 − 1 , b = 7 − 7 2 − 1 ,  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
then the value of logab is equal to 2
26. Solve the equation x 0.5 log x ( x −x )
= 3log9 4.
(a) A → s, B → p, C → q, D → p  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
(b) A → r, B → p, C → r, D → p 3x+6
log 1 log 2
 −1 
x2 + 2
(c) A → r, B → s, C → p, D → p 27. If the solution set of (0.3) 3
> 1 is  , α  then a =
α 
(d) A → p, B → q, C → p, D → r  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)  x2 + x 
28. If the solution set of log 0.5  log 6  < 0 is
 x+4 
NUMERICAL TYPE QUESTIONS (a, b) ∪ (–2a, ∞) then –a + b =
21. Find the number of integral solution of the equation  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
log x ( x + | x − 2 |) = logx(5x – 6 + 5|x – 2|).
| x 2 − 4 x | +3
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1) 29. If the solution set of log 3 ≥ 0 is
x2 + | x − 5 |
22. If a, b are co‑prime numbers and satisfying  α 1 
1 1  −∞, −  ∪  , α  , then ab =
+
 β  α 
(
log a 2 − 3 )  3 −1 
logb   1
(2 + 3)
 3 +1 
= , then (a + b) can be  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
12
is equal to
30. For the equation
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
2
23. The sum of all integral values of x satisfying the equation
(0.4)log x +1
= (6.25) 2 − p log x
4 (base 10)
2log8(2 ) + log8(x2 – 2x + 1) = is.
3
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1) If p = 2, number of real roots m,
If p = 3, number of real roots n,
24. If the complete solution set of the inequality
1  Then m + n =
(log10x)2 ≥ log10x + 2 is (0, a] ∪  2 , ∞  then find the
value of 10a.  a   (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)

 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)

PYQ'S (PAST YEAR QUESTIONS)

INEQUALITIES
2 3
1. Let the point (p, p + 1) lie inside the region

=E {( x, y ) : 3 − x ≤ y ≤ }
9 − x 2 ,0 ≤ x ≤ 3 .If the set of all 1 1 ?
5
values of p is the interval (a, b). then b2 + b – a2 is equal 24 6
4 3
to _________ [6 April, 2023 (Shift-I)] 12 4
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
8 7
2. The missing value in the following figure is
 [18 Mar, 2021 (Shift-I)] Use the logic which gives answer in single digit.

 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)

Basic Mathematics and Logarithm 25

 3. The number of real roots of the equation 5 + |2x – 1| = 2x 8. The inverse of y = 5log x is: [17 March, 2021 (Shift-I)]
(2x – 2) is [10 April, 2019 (Shift-II)] 1 1

(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 1 (a) x = ylog 5 (b) x = y log5

(c) x = elog5 y (d) x = 5 log y
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
LOGARITHM
9. The sum of the roots of the equation,
4. The number of integral solutions x of
[31 Aug, 2021 [Shift-II]
2
log 
 x +
 x−7 
7   ≥ 0 is
  2x − 3 
[11 April, 2023 (Shift-I)] ( ) (
x + 1 − 2log 2 3 + 2 x + 2log 4 10 − 2− x =0 , is: )
 2
(a) log2 12 (b) log2 13
(a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 5 (d) 7 (c) log2 11 (d) log2 14
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
5. If the sum of all the roots of the equation e2x – 11ex – 45e–x
10. The number of solutions of the equation log(x+1) (2x2 + 7x + 5)
81 + log(2x+5) (x+1)2 – 4 = 0, x > 0, is.
+ = 0 is loge p, then p is equal to _________ .
2  [20 July, 2021 (Shift-II)]
 [27 June, 2022 (Shift-I)]
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
6. The number of solutions of the equation log 4 (x – 1) 11. The number of distinct solutions of the equation,
log1/2|sin x| = 2 – log1/2 |cos x| in the interval [0, 2p], is
= log2 (x – 3) is [26 Feb, 2021 (Shift-I)]
__________ [9 Jan, 2020 (Shift-I)]
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
 π
7. If for x ∈  0,  log10 sin x + log10 cos x = –1 and 12. Let m be the minimum possible value of log3 (3y1 + 3y2 + 3y3),
 2 where y1, y2, y3 are real numbers for which y1 + y2 + y3 = 9.
1
log10(sin x + cos= x) (log10 n − 1), n > 0 , then the value of Let M be the maximum possible value of (log3x1 + log3x2
2
+ log 3 x 3 ), where x 1 , x 2 , x 3 are positive real numbers
n is equal to: [16 March, 2021 (Shift-I)]
for which x1 + x2 + x3 = 9. Then the value of log2 (m3)
(a) 16 (b) 12 (c) 9 (d) 20 + log3(M2) is _____. [JEE Adv, 2020]
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)

PW CHALLENGERS
1. If log4(x + 2y) + log4(x – 2y) = 1, then the minimum value of (a + 4)(b +4)(c + 4)(d + 4) = 4
| x | – | y | is ____. Then the value of (a + 5)(b + 5)(c + 5)(d + 5) is equal to.
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
3 5 7. Find sum of all possible natural numbers ‘n’ for which
2. Let a, b, c, d be positive integers and
= loga b = , log c d .
If a – c = 9, then b – d = 2 4 5n 2 − 7 n + 84
is divisible by 5
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1) n
3. Let x ∈ N such that 21+[log2(x – 2)] – x = 20. ([ . ] is G.I.F.) The  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
smallest value of x, is
8. The value of
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
  
 11π  , where a and b are   1 1 1 1   is
4. If 4 + 8 − 32 + 768 = a 2 cos   2008 + log 4 − 4 − 4 − ...
  6561  
3 2 
 b  256  3 2 3 2 3 2
 
 
  
natural numbers then find a + b.
(where [·] is G.I.F.)
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
5. Let r 1, r 2, r 3...r n be n positive integers, not necessarily
9. Let a, b and c be distinct non zero real numbers such that
distinct, such that (x + r 1 ) (x + r 2 ) (x + r 3 )... (x + r n )
= xn + 56xn–1 + ... + 2009 then the value of n is equal to 1 − a 3 1 − b3 1 − c 3
= = . The value of 10(a3 + b3 + c3), is
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1) a b c
6. If (a + 1)(b + 1)(c + 1)(d + 1) = 1  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
(a + 2)(b + 2)(c + 2)(d + 2) = 2 10. Match the Column:
(a + 3)(b + 3)(c + 3)(d + 3) = 3

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26 W JEE (XI) Module-1 MATHEMATICS
 Column-I Column-II (a) A → t; B → s; C → q; D → p
A. Number of integral pair of the form (x, y) p. (b) A → r; B → p; C → q; D → s
16
(c) A → q; B → p; C → r; D → s
1 1 1
satisfying + = is/are equal to (d) A → s; B → p; C → q; D → p
x y 20
 (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
B. Number of positive integral solutions q. 2
3
of the equation 3x + 5y = 1008 is/are 11. 20 + 14 2 + 3 20 − 14 2 =
a then find the absolute value
equal to of a – 2023.
C. r. 0  (JEE Arjuna Mathematics M-1)
3n − 5
Number of integers n such that
n +1
is also an integer, is/are equal to
D. Number of integers n (positive, s. 67
negative or 0) such that n2 + 73 is
divisible by (n + 73), is/are equal to
t. 3

Basic Mathematics and Logarithm 27

 Answer Key

CONCEPT APPLICATION
1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (d) 6. (i) 14 (ii) 52 (iii) 194 9. [0] 10. [–224]
11. x6 – y6 12. p = 3/2, q = 1, r = 4/3 13. (d) 14. (c) 15. (b) 16. [60] 17. [99] 18. [4]

3
19. (d) 20. [2ab] 21. f 22. x = ± 23. (c) 24. x ∈ (–∞, –3) ∪ [–2, 0] ∪ [6, ∞)
5
25. x ∈ (–6, 0] ∪ [2, 3] ∪ (6, ∞) ∪ {4} 26. [6] 27. (d) 28. [1, –1] 29. [x ∈ (sin4, sin3)∪[sin1, sin2]]

30. x ∈ [1, 2] 31. {9} 32. x ∈ (2, 3]

1 2
33.  ,  34. (243) 35. [–5] 36. [18]
5 5
37. [–1] 38. (i) (1, ∞) (ii) [1, ∞) (iii) (0, 1) (iv) (0, 1] (v) (0, 1) (vi) (0, 1] (vii) (1, ∞) (viii) [1, ∞) (ix) (3, ∞) (x) [5/2, ∞)

 3 19   2 17   1 12 − 4a
39. (i) x ∈  ,  (ii) x ∈  ,  (iii) x ∈ (416 , ∞) (iv) x ∈  0,  40. {3, –3} 41. {–2, 2} 43.
2 2   3 24   2 3+ a

44. (i) 2
±
{ }
2
(ii) x = a –log52 (iii) {1/32, 2} (iv) {1} (v) {1}

47. [–1] 48. [44] 49. (d) 50. (b, c)

51. (i) {–1, 5} (ii) {–3, –1, 7, 9} (iii) (14, –4, 0, 10, 2, 8) 52. (–6, 8) 53. (d) 54. (0, 2) ∪ (4, ∞) 55. x ≥ 1
56. (i) x ∈ (–∞, 1) ∪ (1, ∞) (ii) x ∈ (–∞, –5] ∪ [5, ∞) (iii) x ∈ (–7, 7) (iv) x ∈ [–10, 10] (v) x ∈ R (vi) x ∈ φ (vii) x ∈ R
(viii) x ∈ R (ix) x ∈ φ
57. (i) x ∈ (–∞, 0) ∪ (2, ∞) (ii) 1 < x < 3 (iii) x ∈ (–2, –1) ∪ (0, 1) (iv) x ∈ [–1, 0] ∪ [1, 2] (v) –4/3 ≤ x ≤ 2 (vi) x ∈ φ

58. (i) –1 ≤ x ≤ 5 (ii) x ∈ (–∞, –3] ∪ [9, ∞) ∪ [–1, 7] (iii) x ∈ [–4, 0] ∪ [2, 8] ∪ [10, 14]

1 1   3 4  2   2 2   6 22 
59. (i) x ∈  ,  ∪  ,  (ii) x ∈  , 2  (iii) x ∈  ,  ∪  ,  (iv) x ∈ (–3, –2) ∪ (2, 3)
5 4  4 5  3  15 5   5 15 

60. (i) x ∈ {–11, –5, –1} (ii) x ∈ {–8, –6, –2, –4, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18}

61. (i) x ∈ [1, 13] (ii) x ∈ [–8, –6] ∪ [–4, 0] ∪ [2, 4] ∪ [6, 8] ∪ [10, 14] ∪ [16, 18]

62. (i) x ∈ (–2, –1] ∪ [1, 2) (ii) x ∈ (–∞, –3] ∪ (–2, –1] ∪ [3, ∞) ∪[1, 2) (iii) x ∈ (–∞, –3] ∪ [3, ∞)
(iv) x ∈ (–∞, –4] ∪ [–1, 5] ∪ [6, ∞) (v) x ∈ (–∞, –4] ∪ [6, ∞] ∪ {2}

63. (i) x ∈ [1, ∞] (ii) x ∈ (0, ∞) ∪ {–1} (iii) x ∈ (–1, 0) ∪ (0, 3) (iv) x ∈ φ (v) x ∈ (2, 6)

64. [–6, ∞)

SCHOOL LEVEL PROBLEMS

1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (a) 9. (b) 22. (b)
23. (a) 24. (c) 25. (c)

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28 W JEE (XI) Module-1 MATHEMATICS
PRARAMBH (TOPICWISE)
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. (c) 6. (a) 7. (d) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (a)
11. (b) 12. (d) 13. (d) 14. (c) 15. (d) 16. (c) 17. (b) 18. (d) 19. (c) 20. (c)
21. (d) 22. (b) 23. (c) 24. (c) 25. (d) 26. (b) 27. (a) 28. (b) 29. (c) 30. (a)
31. (b) 32. (d) 33. (b) 34. (a) 35. (d) 36. (c) 37. (b) 38. (d) 39. (b) 40. (d)
PRABAL (JEE MAIN LEVEL)
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (b) 6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (d) 10. (c)
11. (d) 12. (b) 13. (c) 14. (a) 15. (b) 16. (d) 17. (b) 18. (a) 19. (b) 20. (d)
21. (b) 22. (b) 23. (c) 24. (d) 25. (c) 26. (c) 27. (c) 28. (a) 29. (a) 30. (d)
31. (a) 32. (a) 33. (b) 34. (d) 35. (a) 36. (b) 37. (d) 38. (b) 39. (d) 40. (d)
41. (a) 42. (b) 43. (a) 44. (c) 45. (a) 46. [3] 47. [89] 48. [75] 49. [1] 50. [2]
51. [1] 52. [400] 53. [3] 54. [5] 55. [0] 56. [1] 57. [9] 58. [1] 59. [10]

PARIKSHIT (JEE ADVANCED LEVEL)

1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (d) 6. (d) 7. (d) 8. (b, c) 9. (a, d) 10. (a, b, c)
11. (a, b, c, d) 12. (b, c) 13. (a,b,c) 14. (a,b,c,d) 15. (b) 16. (d) 17. (a) 18. (c)
19. (b) 20. (c) 21. [1] 22. [7] 23. [2] 24. [10] 25. [17] 26. [2] 27. [2] 28. [1]
29. [6] 30. [2]

PYQ's (PAST YEAR QUESTIONS)

1. [3] 2. [4] 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. [45] 6. [1] 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (c)
10. [1] 11. [8] 12. [8]

PW CHALLENGERS
1. [ 3 ] 2. [93] 3. [44] 4. [50] 5. [4] 6. [29] 7. [63] 8. [2007] 9. [30] 10. (a)
11. [2019]

Basic Mathematics and Logarithm 29