Matrix Operations

Presented By: Leah Mae R. Notorio

 WHAT IS MATRIX?
A matrix is a set of numbers arranged in rows and columns
to form a rectangular array. The numbers are referred to as
the matrix's elements or entries. Matrices are widely used in
engineering, physics, economics, and statistics, as well as in
many disciplines of mathematics. Matrices are also useful in
computer graphics for representing image rotations and
other transformations (Libretexts, 2022).
 INTRODUCTION TO MATRICES
* MATRIX/ MATRICES- is a rectangular array of numbers enclosed in brackets
*ENTRIES/ELEMENTS- are the numbers in the matrix
*DIMENSION/ORDER- refers to the number of rows and columns (m x n)
indicating m rows and n columns.
*ROWS- a set of numbers that are aligned horizontally.
*COLUMNS- a set of numbers that are aligned vertically
rows
2 4 2 is the element in the 1st row and 1st column . It is written as a 11
or a

A=
1, 1
a 12 = 4
6 8 Columns
a 21 =6
a31 = 1
a32 = 2
1 2 a
22 =8

3 X 2
 2 12 18 -2
4 13 20 -4 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.8
8 14 22 -8
3 x 1 (column matrix)
3 X 3(SQUARE MATRIX) 1 x 4 (row matrix)

1 3 4 5 6 7 8 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.4

4 6 8 9 3 5 2 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.1
3 5 7 9 0 1 1
3 2 5 6 5 8 7 2x4

4x7
 ADDITION OF MATRICES
is defined only for matrices having the same number of
rows and the same number of columns.

Example 1. If -5 -6 3 2 3 0
A= and B=
0 3 2 3 5 0
2X3 2x3

then A + B = (-5 + 2) (-6 +3) (3 + 0) -3 -3 3

= 3 8 2 2x3
(0 + 3) (3 + 5) (2 + 0)
 ADDITION OF MATRICES
Example 2.

IF A = 0.5 0.6
B= 4 4 and C=
1.2 2.2
0.4 0.8 2 9 1.3 2.3

Find the sum of the matrices A, B and C

 ADDITION OF MATRICES
Example 2.

IF A = 0.5 0.6
B= 4 4 and C=
1.2 2.2
0.4 0.8 2 9 1.3 2.3

Find the sum of the matrices A, B and C

A +B + C = ( 0.5 + 4 +1.2) ( 0.6 + 4 + 2.2)

= 5.7 6.8
( 0.4 + 2 + 1.3) ( 0.8 + 9 + 2.3) 3.7 12.1
 SUBTRACTION OF MATRICES
Example 1. Let

15 27 Y = 16 28 -4 0.1 1/4
X= Z=
8 36 4 -7 -5 0.5 -5
-6 0.3 2/5
Solve 1. X -Y
2. Y - Z
X-Y= 15-16 27-28 -1 -1
36- (-7)
=
8 -4 4 43

Y - Z = Undefined
 SUBTRACTION OF MATRICES
2 5 -2 -8
Example 2 If A = and B =
3 8 -4 -3 find A - B?
4 10 -6 -5
 SUBTRACTION OF MATRICES
2 5 -2 -8
Example 2 If A = and B =
3 8 -4 -3 find A - B?
4 10 -6 -5

SOLUTION

2 5 -2 -8 2 - (-2) 5 - (-8) 4 13
A-B= 3 8 - -4 -3 = 3 - (-4) 8 - (-3) = 7 11
4 10 -6 -5 4 - (-6) 10 - (-5) 10 15
FINDING SCALAR MULTIPLES
Besides adding and subtracting whole matrices, there are other
situations in which we need to multiply a matrix by a constant
called a scalar.

The process of scalar multiplication involves multiplying each

entry in a matrix by scalar
SCALAR

Example 1: If A = 2 -4 what is A?
6 -8
SOLUTION
Example 1: If A = 2 -4 what is A?
6 -8

2 -4 1 -2
A= =
6 -8 3 -4
MULTIPLYING TWO MATRICES
Finding the product of two matrices is only possible if the number of columns of
the first matrix is the same with the number of rows of the second matrix.
3 1
Example 1. If A= 2 1 4 B= 2 2 find AB?
1 2 3 1 3
2X3 3X2

dimension of the product

Since the number of columns of matrix A is the same as the number of row/s of matrix B, the two
matrices can be multiplied
 to multiply a matrix by another matrix we need to do the "dot product" of
rows and columns
The "Dot Product" is where we multiply matching members, then sum up:
“DOT PRODUCT”

3 1
2 1 4 12 16
Example 1. If A= B= 2 2 =
1 2 3
1 3
To work out the answer for the 1st row and 1st column:
( 2, 1, 4 ) (3, 2, 1 ) =2x3+1x2+4x1

= 12
for the 1st row and 2nd column:
( 2, 1, 4 ) (1 2 3 ) = 2 x 1 + 1 x 2 + 4 x 3

= 16
for the 2nd row and 1st column:
3 1
2 1 4 2 2
A= B=
1 2 3
1 3
( 1, 2, 3) ( 3, 2, 1) = 1 x 3 + 2 x 2 + 3 x 1
= 10

for the 2nd row and 2nd column:

3 1
2 1 4 2 2
A= B=
1 2 3
1 3

( 1, 2, 3) ( 1, 2, 3) = 1 x 1 + 2 x 2 + 3 x 3
= 14
 3 1
2 1 4 12 16
Example 1. If A= B= 2 2 =
1 2 3 10 14
1 3
2x2

3 1
2 1 4
or A= B= 2 2
1 2 3
1 3

(2)(3) + (1)(2) + (4)(1) (2)(1) + (1)(2) + (4)(3)

= 12 16
=
(1)(3) + (2)(2) +(3)(1) (1)(1) + (2)(2) + (3)(3)
10 14
 -2 1 -2 4 2
Example 2. Let L= -8 4 M= 3 5 4

*Find the product of matrix LM and the product of ML, if possible

L M M L
( 2 X 2) (2 X 3) ( 2 X 3) (2 X 2)
 SOLUTION
l 1 m1 l 1 m2 l1m3

(-2)(-2) + (1)(3) (-2)(4) + (1)(5) (-2)(2) + (1)(4)

LXM=
-2 1
X
-2 4 2
=
-8 4 3 5 4 l2m1 l2m2 l2m3
(-8)(-2) + (4)(3) (-8)(4) + (4)(5) (-8)(2) + (4)(4)

LXM=
7 -3 0
28 -12 0
TRANSPOSE of a matrix is obtained by interchanging the rows and columns
of the given matrix or vice versa.

7 3 3
7 2 5 4
A 2 6 5
A= 3 6 7 5 =
5 7 6
3 5 6 8
4 5 8
3x4 4x3
1.2 1.5 2.8
1.2 3.5 2.2 1.4 6.5
3.5 5.5 7.8
1.5 5.5 3.3 1.3 6.4
B= 2.2 3.3 4.4 B =
2.8 7.8 4.4 1.5 6.2
1.4 1.3 1.5
6.5 6.4 6.2
3x5
5x3
 2 4 8
Let A = 1 2 3 and B= -4 -5 7 Find A + B
4 5 6
 2 4 8
Let A = 1 2 3 and B= FindA +B
4 5 6 -4 -5 7

step 1 step 2 step 3 final ans:

1 4 then, A + B =
A = 2 5 1 4 2 -4 1+2 4 + (-4)
2 5 + 4 -5 3 0
3 6 2+4 5 + (-5)
3 6 8 7 3+8 6+7 6 0
2 -4
B =
4 -5 11 13
8 7
If A = 2 5 -2 -8
and B =
3 8 -4 -3 find 4A - B?
4 10 -6 -5
 2 5 -2 -8
If A = and B =
3 8
4 10
-4 -3 find 4A - B?
-6 -5

SOLUTIONS

8 - (-2) 20 - (-8)
2 5 -2 -8
1. 4 3 8 - -4 -3 3. 12 - (-4) 32 - (-3)
4 10 -6 -5
16 - (-6) 40 - (-5)

8 20 -2 -8
2. 12 32 - -4 -3
4.
10 28
16 40 -6 -5 16 35
20 45